European Monarchy

Western historians have tended to treat China as the "exotic other," or the define it as being "eastern" because it inherently is not "western." This paper seeks to push back against this approach and bring China back into the larger conversation among western scholars by conducting a comparative examination of the Qing and Habsburg empires. This comparison will show that Chinese state and empire-building has actually had more in common with its European counterparts than is often considered.

The French Revolution was a groundbreaking event that shaped the course of global political history on an unprecedented scale. Throughout the 1790's, European society felt the sheer impact of a series of political events that were so long-lasting they have shaped the continent we live in to this very day. Throughout this period, Britain saw an increase in the diffusion of radical ideas as a direct product of the French Revolution.

Of all the popes of the medieval period, Innocent III has been widely regarded as the most powerful and influential of them all. The papacy reached its zenith under his reign. But was Innocent an all powerful religious leader who could control everyone in Europe as he wished? This paper seeks to understand the relationship between the kind of authority wielded by Innocent in relation to the secular authorities within European society, and to show how Innocent's power needs to be looked at in a more nuanced way. While he certainly did wield tremendous power and influence, he was not the undisputed lord of the earth and his will was often opposed by monarchs who did not wish to go along with his wishes.