Electroplating

The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to determine the correct time needed and the concentration of the solution to coat iron metal foil with copper foil with electrolysis process. This research is using experiment method. The object of this experiment is a thin iron metal foil. The preparation of the experiment includes preparation of the objects, cleaning of the objects, then the mass measurement of the iron before the coating process. In this research, respectively there are 3 time variables, 2 minutes, 4 minutes, and 6 minutes. The tools used in this reasearch are beker glass, measuring cup, funnel, pasteur pippete, abrasive paper, 2 electrical cables, stopwatch, measuring scale, and measuring flask. As cathode electrode is the iron foil and as anode electrode is the copper foil. The result can be conclude that there is a mass difference of the coating of iron when using a 1 M CuSO4 and a 2 M CuSO4 solution with time variation in the iron foil.

The porosity of electroplated deposits is known to be related to certain substrate conditions, such as, inclusions, purity, and particularly, roughness. As few commercial substrates are polished smooth, a means of understanding the impact of surface finish was required. A comparison of porosity was made between electrodeposited palladium, palladium-nickel (80/20) and cobalt hard gold over varying degrees of substrate roughness and deposit thicknesses. OFHC copper disks were abraded to roughnesses which varied from 0.05 to 1.0 micron (center line average). These samples were then plated with individual layers of the metal of interest under controlled conditions using a Rotating Disk Electrode. Thicknesses ranged from 0.25 to 2.0 microns. Plating conditions were previously determined in order to produce low levels of intrinsic porosity from these specific chemistries. Porosity was determined by subjecting the plated disks to sulfurous acid vapor according to ASTM B 799-88 (Standard Test Method for Porosity in Gold and Palladium Coatings By Sulfurous Acid Vapor) and subsequently to vapors of ammonium sulfide. The pore corrosion was tallied and reported as a percentage of salt covered area for the various conditions.

Galvanic coatings have been attracting attention for many years as an object of research from both theoretical and practical points of view. A relatively new direction in electroplating is the production of composite coatings, which are based on metal matrices and dispersed phases of different nature. Introduction to the electrolyte for joint electrochemical deposition of micro -, nanoparticles of oxides, carbides, nitrides, polymers, etc. allows you to adjust the structure, com-position, properties of coatings, providing them with new characteristics. As shown by the analy-sis of publications on this topic in the VINITI RAS Database, systematic research in this area has been carried out for about twenty years and interest in them has not decreased. The system of queries from the array of published documents selected and summarized all currently known combinations of metal matrix/dispersed phase and information about their properties (corrosion behavior, wear resistance, microhardness, resistance to high-temperature oxidation, heat re-sistance, structural and adhesive characteristics). The results are presented in the form of tables and are provided with links to the original works. The analysis of the obtained problem-oriented database showed that for the period 2000-2019, no more than 15-20% of possible combinations were described, and an even smaller number of composite coatings were studied in depth and brought to practical use. The presented material makes it possible to analyze promising areas of research in a clear and easy to find source information form. The review is based on more than 400 references to journal articles. The original database on composite electroplating contains 1650 sources (patents, reports, brief reports, deposited manuscripts, etc.) that may be of interest as an extensive reference material.

In an electroplating process plant, the continuous maintenance of the optimum condition of process solution in the process tanks along the production line is essential for achieving the final desired quality in products. Parameters such as current density, temperature, agitation system, bath pH, bath concentration and plating time are known to have important role in determining the quality of the plating products and the productivity of the plating process plant. This paper presents the works being carried out by the authors in developing smart sensors and smart actuators for measurement and control of values of these parameters, and use of these smart devices for transforming the process tanks into smart tank stations to enable the tanks to monitor the condition of process solution along the line and maintain the desired process solution condition for achieving specific quality in plating products. The paper explains the ways the smart devices installed in or used around the tank stations and the use of ThingSpeak in developing smart tank stations.