Disaster Prevention

Los problemas relacionados con el cambio climático, el medio ambiente y las catástrofes provocan situaciones de crisis que podrían considerarse como una amenaza para el ser humano. Por esta razón, el Derecho internacional debe enfrentar estas situaciones. El Bioderecho representa un nuevo enfoque de estudio que se centra en la protección de los seres humanos y sus derechos, junto con el desarrollo normativo
del Derecho internacional de las catástrofes. Este documento es un estudio actualizado sobre los estándares legales de las catástrofes desde el punto de vista del Bioderecho internacional. Para ello, analizamos uno de los instrumentos internacionales más recientes
en esta esfera, el Acuerdo de París. Esta investigación se centrará en cómo el Derecho internacional —y particularmente el Acuerdo de París— enfrenta el desafío de la reducción y mitigación del riesgo de catástrofes relacionados con el clima (prevención de catástrofes).

ABSTRACT form only given. Data exchange in many underwater applications such as oceanographic data collection, scientific ocean sampling, pollution and environmental monitoring, disaster prevention, underwater system maintenance, recreational scuba diving, is an exciting task. Due to the reduced visibility (for optical) or high attenuations (for radio) link, in most of the cases the communication between different locations cannot take place. When possible, this limitations are alleviated employing data transmission via cables, a solution that can be employed for both dynamic (e.g. on the scuba divers) or static (e.g. sensor nodes) systems. However, its use assumes that the movement among the different communicating objects is clearly strongly limited. On the other hand, the total lack of the possible communication among the divers substantially reduces the possibility of preventing dangers, avoiding the considered activity to be conducted in safe way.

This paper explores the link between human rights and disaster risk reduction. We revisit the notion of a human rights-based approach in the context of natural disasters, analyzing how this concept may contribute to greater accountability and empowerment of those involved in disaster risk reduction. To better understand the processes of empowering rights holders and holding duty bearers into account we adopt legal analytical lenses. By doing so we review four country case studies and their main regulations on disaster risk reduction, taking into account the extent to which they adopt a human rights-based approach. We argue that countries whose legal frameworks allow for community engagement point towards greater community empowerment. Similarly, countries whose legal provisions make possible for holding States accountable for their underperformance in disaster situations suggest greater levels of accountability. We also consider key international human rights instruments binding the...

Production pressure is often cited as an underlying contributory factor of organizational accidents. The relationship, however, between production and safety protection is complex and has not been adequately addressed by current theories regarding organizational accident. In addressing this gap, this paper uses the methodology of system dynamics to develop a causal model to address the dynamic interaction between management of production and protection, which can accumulate in an organizational accident. A case study of a fatal rock fall accident in Tasmania, Australia was conducted based on the developed model and is used to uncover the intricate dynamics linking production pressure, risk tolerability, perception of safety margin, and protection efforts. In particular, the study demonstrates how a strong production focus can trigger a vicious cycle of deteriorating risk perception and how increased protection effort can, ironically, lead to deterioration of protection.

Climate resilient cities : a primer on reducing vulnerabilities to disasters / N. Prasad, F. Ranghieri, F. Shah, Z. Trohanis, E. Kessler, R. Sinha. - Washington (DC) : World Bank Group Info Shop, 2009. - ISBN 978-0-8213-7766-6.. This Primer provides city administrators with ...

This is a guideline for World Bank task team leaders (TTLs) entrusted with the design and execution of assessments to determine disaster impacts as well as post-disaster needs for recovery, reconstruction, and disaster risk reduction or management. Assessments estimate, first, the short-term government interventions required to initiate recovery and second, the financial requirements to achieve overall post-disaster recovery, reconstruction, and disaster risk management or reduction. The end product of the assessment is a comprehensive program of recovery, reconstruction, and risk management that will guide all actions in a developing country following a disaster. The damage and loss assessment (DaLA) methodology uses objective, quantitative information on the value of destroyed assets and temporary production losses to estimate, first, government interventions for the short term and second, post-disaster financing needs. The DaLA method ensures that the affected government, the Uni...

On the Importance of the Role of Multicultural Society Coordinators in Providing Multilingual Information: Some Reflections on My Experiences on Producing a Multilingual Disaster Prevention Video

With the increase in the number of foreign residents, Japanese local governments are faced with the task of implementing policies to support these new residents. Establishing disaster risk management policies for foreign residents is one of the most significant agenda for the local governments because Japan confronts threats of occurring natural disasters including earthquakes.
I have been working for Sendai International Relations Association (SIRA) since 2000. SIRA is a public entity established by City of Sendai to promote multicultural society by providing various programs for foreign residents, such as Japanese language lesson opportunities, consultation services, and disaster prevention trainings as well as boosting international understanding for Japanese residents. When the Great East Japan Earthquake struck Sendai on March 11th 2011, SIRA operated the ‘Sendai Disaster Multilingual Support Center’, which aimed at providing disaster related information in various languages. After the Earthquake, SIRA has focused more on developing disaster risk management education for foreign residents, who are not familiar with knowledge for disaster risk management or have less opportunities to learn disaster risk management because of their limited Japanese proficiency. SIRA published a “Multilingual Disaster Prevention Video” in 2013 to enable foreign residents to learn how to prepare for an earthquake and what to do during and after an earthquake.
As a Multicultural Society Coordinator, I engaged in this video making project, which is one of examples of our disaster risk management education program for foreign residents. In the process of making this video, I came to realize that the role of Multicultural Society Coordinator was essential to provide multilingual information for foreign residents effectively and efficiently. Moreover, I suggest from the viewpoint of the Multicultural Society Coordinator that multilingual information and information in “Easy Japanese” are mutually complementary for providing information for foreign residents, and that building wide-area networks to provide multilingual information effectively and efficiently is also an important role of the Multicultural Society Coordinator.

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the utilization of a web-based support system for flood response operation in Malaysia. The system is intentionally designed to improve process and data management towards providing prompt and effective response to ...

U radu su izneti rezultati kvantitativnog istraživanja uticaja demografskih, socio-ekonomskih i psiholoških faktora na preduzimanje preventivnih mera u cilju smanjena posledica od prirodnih katastrofa izazvanih poplavom. Cilj kvantitativnog istraživanja predstavlja naučna eksplikacija uticaja navedenih faktora na preduzimanje preventivnih mera. U istraživanju sprovedenom u 19 lokalnih zajednica u Srbiji primenom strategije ispitivanja u domaćinstvima, višeetapnim slučajnim uzorkovanjem anketirano je 2500 građana u toku 2015. godine. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je utvrđena statistički značajna povezanost demografskih, socio-ekonomskih i psiholoških faktora sa preduzimanjem preventivnih mera. Naime, ispitanici muškog pola i ispitanici starosti od 58 do 68 godina u većem procentu preduzeli su preventivne mere u odnosu na ispitanike ženskog pola i ispitanke starosti od 28 do 38 godina itd. Dobijeni rezultati mogu biti iskorišćeni za unapređenje stanja preduzimanja preventivnih mera u cilju smanjenja posledica od nastalih prirodnih katastrofa izazvanih poplavom.

Ključne reči: bezbednost, prirodne katastrofe, demografski, socio-ekonomski, psihološki, preventivne mere.

The paper presents the results of the quantitative research of the impact of demographic, socio-economic and psychological factors on preventive measures for the reduction of consequences of natural disasters caused by flood. The objective of quantitative research is scientific explication of the impact of those factors on preventative measures. In order to realize research, randomly was selected nineteen communities in which was surveyed 2,500 persons in 2015. On that occasion, it was applied test strategy in households for the application of the multi-stage random sample. The research results indicate that the significant association of demographic, socio-economic and psychological factors with taking preventive measures. The male respondents and respondents aged 58 to 68 years in higher percentage taken as preventive measures in respect of female respondents and examined persons age 28 to 38 years and so on. The results could be used for improving the situation of taking preventive measures to reduce the consequences of natural disasters caused by the resulting flood.

Key words: security, natural disaster, demographic, socio-economic, psychological, preventive measures.

Vladimir, C. (2016). Uticaj demografskih, socio-ekonomskih i psiholoških faktora na preduzimanje preventivnih mera. Kultura polisa, XIII(32), In press.