Design Strategies

Exploring Strategies for Adapting Traditional Vehicle Design Frameworks to Autonomous Vehicle Design by Alex Munoz MS, American Public University, 2015 BA, American Public University, 2012 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Information Technology Walden University August 2019 Abstract Fully autonomous vehicles are expected to revolutionize transportation, reduce the cost of ownership, contribute to a cleaner environment, and prevent the majority of traffic accidents and related fatalities. Even though promising approaches for achieving full autonomy exist, developers and manufacturers have to overcome a multitude of challenged before these systems could find widespread adoption. This multiple case study explored the strategies some IT hardware and software developers of self-driving cars use to adapt traditional vehicle design frameworks to address consumer and regulatory requirements in autonomous vehicle designs. The pop...

Human has discovered a way to live in their houses to reduce the temperature in the hot areas, for example in the Libyan Desert houses has been built by natural material (mud). Looking for solutions in different kind of materials around use, it became in the first place of living. People in hot areas need protection from the sun, not just themselves but even their homes. The first step in design houses is materials. What kind of material we need? Can we find the necessary requirements in the material? Is it available and affordable? Can it be used as heat insulation in hot climate? All these questions are in our minds. Material has to be studied in a proper way. In the past few years resident build their homes using natural material. In the Libyan Desert we can find houses build by mud, the mud has been dug out from the salt oasis. This mud consists of organic element and salt, which can be used as heat insulation. So, the mean study here is how to development this natural material in to modern element? And how can it be one of the important materials in materials science?

This chapter is centred on waste management in buildings. It discusses the principles of applying circular economy in buildings toward resource efficiency with regard to the building sector. The study investigates a series of building assessments and reviews different aspects of energy efficiency as it relates to circular economy in buildings. It recommends the best practices to ensure the reuse and recycling of building components during and after the life of a building. The world is experiencing huge resource depletion and it is eminent to research the waste management practices in the building industry, Circular Economy offers major interventions in buildings which are explored in this chapter, another aspect of the discussion in this chapter is the design for disassembly and design for recycling under the concepts of circular economy.

Under the term demanding climatic conditions in connection with the topic, we can primarily imagine the excessive overheating of buildings in summer and on the other hand the exposure of the building to low temperatures in winter. Considering the extreme climatic conditions, the design of the building requires an individual approach. First of all, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the envelope structures such as roof and perimeter walls. The building can also be affected by other extreme conditions such as solar radiation and associated excessive lighting, i.e. glare in the work environment. This topic is increasingly coming to the fore due to climate change. Summer seasons are getting warmer and this problem is getting even worse. Even in locations where this issue has never been dealt with before. The article summarizes the conducted research related to the issue of overheating and excessive lighting of buildings. It also informs about how researchers in Slovakia and d...

Under the term demanding climatic conditions in connection with the topic, we can primarily imagine the excessive overheating of buildings in summer and on the other hand the exposure of the building to low temperatures in winter. Considering the extreme climatic conditions, the design of the building requires an individual approach. First of all, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the envelope structures such as roof and perimeter walls. The building can also be affected by other extreme conditions such as solar radiation and associated excessive lighting, i.e. glare in the work environment. This topic is increasingly coming to the fore due to climate change. Summer seasons are getting warmer and this problem is getting even worse. Even in locations where this issue has never been dealt with before. The article summarizes the conducted research related to the issue of overheating and excessive lighting of buildings. It also informs about how researchers in Slovakia and d...

Third year Computer Science students were studied in order to determine which knowledge, skills and strategies they used during an object-oriented programming task. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse their computer programs and associated thinking processes. Successful programmers applied significantly more cognitive, metacognitive and problem-solving knowledge, skills and strategies, also using a greater variety, than the unsuccessful ones. Based on the approaches of the successful programmers, we propose a learning repertoire of integrated knowledge, skills and strategies, which can serve as a framework to support novices learning object-oriented programming (OOP).

Effective passive airflow in low-rise residential buildings in hot-humid environment is crucial to maintaining good indoor thermal comfort for occupants. However, investigation of effects of the rhythm of window openings on achieving a passive airflow pattern in such buildings in the tropical climate of sub-Saharan Nigeria have been rarely studied. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of the rhythm of window openings on passive airflow patterns for indoor thermal comfort in low-rise residential buildings in the hot-humid environment of Obosi, Nigeria. It involved experimental research using the Anemometer TA465 instrument for measuring wind velocity, relative humidity, and temperature of the purposively designated buildings in the three layouts of the study area for both wet and dry seasons. Employing the Yamane statistical formula, a sample size of 433 was obtained, and questionnaires were administered to occupants of the studied buildings and analyzed using categ...

The Design Stories seminar is part of Looking Through Objects, a curatorial project that celebrates women’s contribution to change in Poland, the Baltic region, and beyond. Women’s role in design has changed over time from that of being muses and supporters to active protagonists, independent players, and thinkers. Over the last decade, mindfulness and holistic thinking have become essential characteristics of design processes, more so than the spectacular, short-lasting showy qualities of design that we have seen in the past. Along with the Design Stories seminar, the project includes a touring exhibition featuring a selection of contemporary practitioners from Poland. The show’s first stop is Tallinn (Estonia) at the Estonian Museum of Applied Arts and Design (17 June – 25 September 2022). In this iteration Looking Through Objects will feature 16 Polish and 16 Estonian designers in two sister exhibitions, which will give the audiences an opportunity to draw connections and spot differences between designers and researchers from these countries.
Within the broader context of the Looking Through Objects project the Design Stories seminar provides an interdisciplinary space where design researchers, historians, and practitioners can share their views and experiences on women’s contribution to design. Intentionally, we wanted to position Design Stories at the junction of all the practices connected with design rather than make it solely academic. We feel that this approach is more in tune with the contemporary context of design, in which the fluidity of the practice is resisting the confined boundaries of given labels and titles. Due to this unique characteristic of design as a discipline, we find it more holistic and realistic to hear from historians, as well as acting designers directly involved in design through practice. We believe that this provides a range of voices and perspectives (observers, researchers, practitioners) that will help readers to draw their own conclusions on what design is today.
With this in mind we also wanted to gather subjective and objective perspectives from the participating speakers. These have informed the structure of the publication. In the section Design as Tool designers illustrate skills used to solve the issues they encountered along the way, and lastly in Design as Practice they reflect on their own experience. These provide an insight into their creative work and challenges and opportunities from their personal experience in the field. By contrast an objective perspective into design is provided by 4 researchers (writers, curators) in the section Design as Story. They provide an overview of the context within which practitioners operate. From their vantage point, we get a glimpse of the complexities and challenges of the contemporary design world.
This publication is reaching you at the start of the exhibition’s journey, in Tallinn. Its next step will be Gdańsk in 2023. We are grateful to the National Museum in Gdańsk for their involvement in the realisation of this project. The seminar content can be experienced in digital and printed format and through the audio-video recording of the live-streamed seminar sessions (25–26 November 2021), which are free to access via YouTube and the SWPS University website. We feel that this publication is only the start of a longer journey. We are planning to use the format of the Design Stories seminar as a regular yearly appointment and as a platform via which to discuss design practice from the female perspective and with a special interest in female designers, their roles and attitudes.

The publication is part of the "Looking Through Objects" project led by the National Museum in Gdansk. The project is co-financed by the Minister of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland under the "Inspiring Culture" Programme.

The construction industry urgently needs new approaches to design buildings that can be incorporated in the circular economy. Buildings are still predominantly conceived as static structures with one end-of-life option, demolition, which typically results in excessive amounts of waste. To cut waste, buildings need to be designed as reversible structures that enable transformations, disassembly and reuse of building elements. This may be complex in practice due to the significant information processing capabilities it requires, but previous research has suggested that Building Information Modeling (BIM) could be valuable in the additional gathering, interpreting and synthesizing of information needed. This paper aims to explore how BIM can support reversible building design through an in-depth case-study of the reversible building design practices of a Dutch system builder. Eight BIM uses were systematically identified, classified and elaborated on according to the extent they can su...

ABSTRACT: Implementing the Eco-designed approach in the field of adaptive façade systems, primarily aims for the future sustainable targets to develop eco-friendly and socio-responsive technologies. This will be only possible when the adaptive façade systems track design strategies endeavouring to imitate the philosophy of “the self-sufficient unit in the nature called eco-system.” With the understanding of the future sustainable targets of adaptive systems and analysing its sustainably efficient elements with the help of already existing and scattered classification schemes from the data base developed within the work of the Cost Action TU 1403 Adaptive Façade Network (AFN), this approach attempts to develop a novel matrix for re-analysing these adaptive façade projects with an eco-design approach. The aim of this approach is to examine whether these adaptive façade projects from the data base are able to seamlessly integrate themselves in this approach and to what extent. The eco-...

The article presents strategies of Design for social innovation used by the Center of Systemic Approach to Design (NAS DE-SIGN), from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), within the Alto Vale Project. Such project, developed with communities in the region of Alto Vale do Itajaí, Santa Cata-rina, Brazil, involves partners from the civil, private and public sectors, in order to stimulate the development of associations (informal and formal) and micro-enterprises to promote in-come generation, in parallel to the encouragement of the lo-cal cultural identity. For that, the article develops a literature review of concepts such as Design for social innovation and strategy, as well as a case study of the Alto Vale Project. As a result, a framework with a set of activities developed by the group is presented, analyzed in terms of strategic, tactical and operational actions. Finally, the article aims at contributing to the systemic approach of designers in projects for social inn...

Ashrifa AMIR Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM Bangi, Malaysia. ashrifaamir@gmail.com Mohd. Farid MOHAMMED Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM Bangi, Malaysia. faridmohamed@ukm.edu .my Mohd Khairul Azhar Mat SULAIMAN Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM Bangi, Malaysia. m.khairulazhar@ukm.ed u.my Wardah Fatimah Mohammad YUSOFF Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM Bangi, Malaysia. wardahyusoff@ukm.edu. my Abstract— Indoor air temperature is one of the most notable variables to determine indoor thermal comfort. In Malaysia, occupants’ of low-cost houses still have an issue of overheating due to poor design. It is important to measure several parameters of thermal comfort in order to identify the existing indoor thermal condition of a low-cost house. The main objective of the research is to reveal the current indoor thermal ...

Thermal comfort is an important factor to ensure good thermal condition of a house. To understand the current indoor thermal situation of a typical lowcost single story detached house in Malaysia, several parameters of thermal comfort need to be measured. The main objective of this study is to analyse the indoor thermal condition of a low-cost single story detached house through measurement of the indoor air temperature. The methodology applied in this study was field measurement to validate the IESVE simulation model of a low-cost single story detached house of a rural area, located in Kuala Pilah. Field measurement was done under two different conditions: (i) windows and door closed and (ii) windows and door opened. Air temperature, air velocity, and relative humidity data were collected using thermal comfort meters and a weather station. The data were used to validate the model generated by IES simulation software. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to find out the stati...

This study addresses the challenges and barriers associated with the implementation of circular economy principles in architectural design and construction practices. It highlights the fragmented knowledge and lack of a unified approach to circular design as a major obstacle hindering the adoption of circularity. The existing frameworks for assessing circularity, such as the Material Circularity Indicator (MCI) protocol and the Level(s) assessment protocol, are applied to two projects with a high degree of deconstruction to understand their applicability in the architectural design process and identify their limitations. The study emphasises the significance of considering structural connectivity and circularity strategies during the concept-design stage, advocating for the incorporation of circularity at various scales beyond the microscale of materials. Furthermore, it emphasises the need for early implementation of Design for Disassembly (DfD) strategies on circularity scoring to...

This study addresses the challenges and barriers associated with the implementation of circular economy principles in architectural design and construction practices. It highlights the fragmented knowledge and lack of a unified approach to circular design as a major obstacle hindering the adoption of circularity. The existing frameworks for assessing circularity, such as the Material Circularity Indicator (MCI) protocol and the Level(s) assessment protocol, are applied to two projects with a high degree of deconstruction to understand their applicability in the architectural design process and identify their limitations. The study emphasises the significance of considering structural connectivity and circularity strategies during the concept-design stage, advocating for the incorporation of circularity at various scales beyond the microscale of materials. Furthermore, it emphasises the need for early implementation of Design for Disassembly (DfD) strategies on circularity scoring to...

Net zero-energy buildings (Net ZEBs) have been the object of various studies in recent years as various countries have set this performance as long-term goal of their energy policies. Designing successful Net ZEBs represents a challenge since the definitions are yet generic, the assessment method and monitoring approach are under development and the literature is relatively scarce about the best sets of solutions for different typologies and climates likely to deliver an actual and reliable performance in terms of energy balance (used consumed vs. generated) on a costeffective basis. The International collaborative research initiative between the Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) and the Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems (ECBCS) through Task 40/Annex 52 - Towards Net-Zero Energy Solar Buildings-, summarises most of the recent developments in this field. The authors of this article, who are participants in this task, are providing insights from on-going research wo...

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Modern building practice in United Arab Emirates (UAE) has resulted in constructing high-rise buildings and mega-projects characterized by glazed façades. The trend of such building development which is rapidly experienced in Dubai and Abu Dhabi has great impacts on the natural environment. Minimizing this impact and the efforts to improve the ecological performance are the main concerns of sustainable building development in the country. These ideologies have been acknowledged by architectural firms designing and constructing energy efficient buildings. This paper examines the increasing interest in integrating glass façades and living walls into sustainable buildings exposed to the UAE hot climate. The main purpose is to increase energy efficiency by improving thermal performance of building skin and reducing cooling loads. Advanced building skins, including Double Skin Façade (DSF) and Green Wall systems have been simulated and integrated into a high thermal performance building ...

This study links construction-related overuse of resources to design strategies that enable architects to reuse building and waste materials. The strategies are applied in a design proposal in a local Swedish context. Stakeholders and material systems have been mapped applying a systems approach; sixteen interviews with different experts have been conducted; and a methodology for finding and evaluating materials suitable for reuse has been created. Based on that, a building design proposal employing circular design transformed into the concept “Form follows availability” has been developed, taking into account locally available materials, the lifetime of the building and specified materials, and resilience against changing functions, cultural perceptions, and climatic conditions. Results show that it is difficult to design a building solely with reused materials when confined to the existing system. Still, it generates realistic design strategies demonstrating that material reuse is...

This thesis explores the ways in which landscape is relevant as a concept for designing architecture. Buildings that have been designed like landscapes have become a topic in contemporary architecture. The apparent distinction between architecture and landscape is questioned in exemplary theories and new designs. The core of this thesis is three case studies of architectural designs that use landscape strategies. The analytical model for landscape architectural composition that Steenbergen and Reh (2003) developed for the European gardens is applied as in drawing analysis of these building's inner space composition. By distinguishing the landscape composition into a four layer model - ground form, spatial form, metaphorical form and programmatic form - the analysis will alter the reading of three architectural projects. Rem Koolhaas and OMA's unbuilt Jussieu design for two university libraries in Paris of 1992 is visualised for the first time as it could have looked if built...

The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation has received attention. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of this poverty reduction approach. While companies are beginning to address the product needs of the BOP, there is limited practical and theoretical knowledge to support them. The current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study aims at exploring the differences between the design strategies used by the industrial design students in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the differences between their design strategies (i.e. problem driven s...