Design Strategies

A building must be energy-efficient and provide comfortable indoor environment to the residents. The Building Energy Code of Pakistan (BECP) only focuses on commercial buildings. In today’s scenario a standard must include the context and climate considerations. The aim of this study is to improve indoor thermal comfort of free-running houses in Quetta, Pakistan and raise the awareness of builders about climate sensitivity.

In today’s world, energy is one of the most important factors in each individual’s life, people cannot imagine their life without energy. Due to increasing human needs in different types of energy in everyday life, energy efficiency has become a significant issue, especially after the energy crises in 1970s. Thus, one of the main challenges in recent years is finding ways to use passive solar design strategies in order to respond to human needs. When it comes to architecture, again finding ways in order to benefit from passive systems become an important. This is especially valid for high rise buildings which consume huge amount of energy due to their scale and function. If their large facade areas are considered, they may provide great opportunities to make use of passive solar design strategies. Accordingly, Because of global warming that the Earth is facing today, if designed with passive solar design strategies, buildings could play a vital role in the reduction of energy costs during their life cycle. Although, there is considerable research on how to design sustainable facades, nonetheless, there is a gap in the literature relating to facade design in different climatic zones to minimize energy use. In order to achieve this task, high rise buildings in four major climatic zones are analyzed in terms of passive solar design strategies and materials utilized in the building. Meanwhile, the author’s main attempt is to make viewpoint of architects more clear about the influence of benefiting from passive design systems for façade of the high rise buildings. Thereby, this study is based on a theoretical research where relevant literature and selected case studies of Norman Foster have been reviewed to arrive at conclusion. On the other hand, it is mainly qualitative method of data collection. Finally, High rise buildings in vertically growing cities of Dubai, Frankfurt, Kuala Lumpur and Moscow for example need to be designed in accordance with passive solar design strategies so that maximum reduction in the energy costs can be achieved from manufacturing to operation stage of high rise buildings. Furthermore, the results of this study prove that high rise buildings can be energy efficient if appropriate passive solar design strategies are used in their design to make maximum use of natural light, ventilation, passive solar heating and cooling.

There has been considerable research on methods of fostering behavioral change towards a healthy lifestyle.  However, enabling this change to be consistent and long-standing remains an open challenge.  In this paper, we explore how the design of persuasive technologies supporting a physically active lifestyle can be oriented by psychological theories of behavior change and motivation, specifically the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT). In this study, we explore the relationships between participants' motivation, their current stage of the TTM  and how well they perform at different physical exercises related to specific body areas. Our results support previous research carried out in the exercise context and in other domains, and suggest that it would be advantageous for a mobile interface to adopt different persuasive mechanisms for users at  different stages of the TTM. Finally, we explore different intervention strategies which could be implemented in each TTM stage to sustain a consistent behavioral change toward a physically active lifestyle.

The study of application of biomimicry on building envelope and its response to any building design challenge is the main structure of the research. It examines nature as one of the basis for resolving these challenges. It continues to discuss the application of possible strategies for establishment of an architectural configuration compatible to its structure. The incorporation of biomimicry idea in architectural design is believed to be more sustainable and efficient for reduction of energy usage and operating cost consumption along with design renewal in the future. The idea of inspiration from nature has developed the intention on this research to explore how the concept could be applied to overcome the challenges through design strategies. The paper concludes with the formulation of a design guideline with evident biomimetic principles that could be applied to any building design with reference to different contexts to achieve energy efficiency in building design.

The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation has received attention. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of this poverty reduction approach. While companies are beginning to address the product needs of the BOP, there is limited practical and theoretical knowledge to support them. The current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study aims at exploring the differences between the design strategies used by the industrial design students in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the differences between their design strategies (i.e. problem driven s...

The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation has received attention. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of this poverty reduction approach. While companies are beginning to address the product needs of the BOP, there is limited practical and theoretical knowledge to support them. The current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study, using a protocol analysis, compared the design processes for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the differences between the design processes for these markets in terms of the design strategy employed by the designers (i.e. problem dr...

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to automate the operations and real time monitoring and controlling of a marine loading arm.Design/methodology/approachA generic control strategy to automate the operation of manually controlled marine loading arms has been developed. This strategy employs state of the art, industry standard position sensors, PLC systems, interactive human machine interface (HMI) and integrates fail‐safe operation and emergency shutdown procedures.FindingsThis approach satisfies all the industry safety regulations and liminates the possible risks and/ or spurious trips during product loading. The overall engineering process is simpler, easier to implement and manage due to the fact the industry standard equipment and design tools have been used. Using this generic strategy, manually operated marine loading arms can be automated for effective monitoring and controlling purposes.Practical implicationsIt is expected that engineers around the world can benefit by t...

Purpose
The research outlined in this paper highlights the importance of certain factors related to primary health care buildings’ physical environment, such as the facility size, the functional efficiency, and the health planning of public areas in the health centers to improve the architectural space of health facilities.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was performed using a mixed method. Data collection was carried out through observational research and descriptive analysis in six primary health care facilities in Salvador and Lauro de Freitas, Brazil.

Findings
Based on this study’s results, facility capacity, functional efficiency and space accessibility have been considered the facilities’ main problems in the investigated context. The impact of the users’ perspective on healthcare facilities was assessed for each of these three criteria to verify the results obtained. Furthermore, most of the parameters were not satisfied, as the buildings analyzed had defects in their physical environment. Therefore, it is necessary to review and pay more attention to the architecture of these cities’ primary health care units.

Originality/value
The present study addresses the architectural environment design in Brazil’s healthcare facilities, which still have gaps. Improving the physical space of a health center ensures that the approach used in this research also applies to other health centers in similar contexts. The awareness that space’s activities and configurations will change according to each territory examined will open up so many investigation worlds.

This paper describes recent research involving a user-focused design analysis of in-hospital residential treatment for stroke patients. The focus of the research was to identify positive and negative design heuristics associated with addressing poor performance, errors and failures of patient care associated with current designs of hospital systems processes being inadequate to address actual levels of system complexity. The research

 While critique against the privatization of public space has been a recurring mantra in debates on urban development over the past 30 years, less attention has been given to howand why urban spaces undergo processes of privatization, given the inherent ambiguities of the term. I argue that the privatization of urban space has undergone a significant shift, following the increased domination of private interests and market expansion that are the hallmarks of neoliberal societal restructuration. As informed by critical urban and architecture theory, the article is based on a comparative historical study of two sites in inner-city Stockholm: Stureplan (refurbished 1990) and Brunkebergstorg (refurbished 2019). When situating the spatial design of these places in their local context of decision-making and planning, a difference emerges between a first and a second phase; the first is defined by overt manifestations of private and commercial interests, and the second, close to the present day, where modes of appropriation are cloaked under a new “generous publicness”. I argue that the emphasis on the social, rather than commercial, element in the design of contemporary urban space partakes in the construction of the new flexible and creative neoliberal subject in late-capitalist societies

This paper describes recent research involving a user-focused design analysis of in-hospital residential treatment for stroke patients. The focus of the research was to identify positive and negative design heuristics associated with addressing poor performance, errors and failures of patient care associated with current designs of hospital systems processes being inadequate to address actual levels of system complexity. The research