Bike Sharing

What makes some people eschew bikesharing? What distinguishes users from non-users? The present study examines the transport priorities and socio-demographic characteristics of both users and non-users of bikesharing in the context of Adelaide, an Australian metropolis of 1.3 million people. We apply statistical techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and two-level Nested Logit (NL) modelling, to original survey data collected in 2018. We find that younger age, digital literacy, full-time work status, household size, and certain transport priority dimensions which we term Safekeeping, Ease, and Fitness, are key factors associated with the likelihood of choosing or shunning bikesharing as a mode of transport.

If you have ever gone off the track riding over rough terrain, then you can relate with the feeling one gets, after a long ride with life’s best mountain bike when sweat is dripping and muscles are tired but we still laugh and enjoy the landscape. This conqueror feeling does tremendous healing to our mental stress, anxiety, and insecurities. As health concerns including obesity, heart disease, mental health, and diabetes are on the rise, physical exercise, especially in the outdoors while inhaling fresh air without the requirement of best air purifiers, is becoming more critical to our health as individuals and as a society.

Bike-sharing is widely recognized as an eco-friendly mode of transportation and seen as one of the solutions to the problem of air pollution and congestion. As there is little research exploring the performance of bicycle-sharing systems (BSS), many municipal authorities invest in their development without knowledge of their effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this article is to identify factors that correlate with BSS performance. Data related to BSS and urban characteristics were collected for the 56 cities in Poland, which is the population of BSS systems in this country. The Ordinary Least Square regression model was used to estimate the model. Additionally, to support our findings, a survey of 3631 cyclists was conducted. Our main findings show that BSS performance was positively related to cities’ population, tourism, number of bike stations per capita, congestion, bicycle pathways’ length and higher temperature, and negatively related to precipitation. We have also found tha...

Cycling is becoming a more and more popular type of transportation around the world. A similar trend has been encountered in Poland, where bicycle development is struggling with numerous problems. The thesis is created in order to analyze the existing roads and bicycle network on Wloclawek City and to develop it to their needs, which, according to the demand for sustainable transport in the city. The author referred to the applicable design rules and simplified technical standards. Bicycle routes have to give benefit for the city. Mainly in the form of reducing negative congestion movements.
Poruszanie się na rowerze staje się coraz bardziej popularnym środkiem lokomocji na całym świecie. Podobny trend spotkał Polskę, gdzie rozwój infrastruktury rowerowej boryka się z licznymi problemami. Niniejsza praca powstała w celu przeanalizowania istniejącej sieci dróg rowerowych we Włocławku oraz rozwinięcia jej poprzez wyznaczenie trzech priorytetów czasowych do stanu zadowalającego, który spełnia założenia zrównoważonego transportu w mieście. Autor odniósł się do obowiązujących zasad projektowania infrastruktury oraz zaproponował uproszczone standardy techniczne.  Przebieg tras poprowadzony został tak, by korzyść z inwestycji miasta w drogi rowerowe była jak największa, a przede wszystkim zmniejszała negatywne skutki kongestii ruchu.

The purpose of this study is to identify users’ characteristics of Divvy Bike Sharing System (BSS) which was introduced in 2013 to provide as an alternative transportation mode and drastically expanded its bike network since then. This study explores users’ characteristics by using dataset collected through docking stations in Chicago in Q4 of 2017 and breaks down that data into categories to discover significant findings. This study also gives recommendations by looking at data to attract more users in order to increase ridership and thereby profits.
Keywords: Chicago, Divvy Bike Sharing System, bike sharing, ridership, user characteristics

Rental Bike Sharing is the process by which bicycles are procured on several basis-hourly, weekly, membership-wise, etc. This phenomenon has seen its stock rise to considerable levels due to a global effort towards reducing the carbon footprint, leading to climate change, unprecedented natural disasters, ozone layer depletion, and other environmental anomalies. In our project, we chose to analyse a dataset pertaining to Rental Bike Demand from South Korean city of Seoul, comprising of climatic variables like Temperature, Humidity, Rainfall, Snowfall, Dew Point Temperature, and others. For the available raw data, firstly, a through pre-processing was done after which a Here, hourly rental bike count is the regress and. To an extent, our linear model was able to explain the factors orchestrating the hourly demand of rental bikes.

New models of innovation and strategies of soft mobility, with the objective of lowering CO2 emissions and noise pollution, eliminate traffic congestion and increase public health, support the development of sustainable cities. In Portugal, car is the most used mode of transport for daily commuting and the rate of cycling for everyday travel is 1%, while the average in Europe is 8%. This research aimed to investigate the role of innovation and its contribution to the raise of bicycle commuting in Portugal. Methods comprise research mixed methods, both quantitative and qualitative, based on secondary data research and the elaboration of an online survey. The analysis of Portuguese public policies, bicycle industry innovations and bike commuting related initiatives over the past 10 years illustrates how much has been done. However, that is not enough to enhance bike commuting to the European average levels. It was, therefore, crucial to understand the commuters’ motives for cycling and the barriers that undermine the use of bicycle as a means of transport, as well as innovations that contributed to bike commuting. Innovative knowledge and innovative technologies applied to the level of bicycle commuting could lead to disruptive innovation at different levels, such as legislation, promotion of safety and surveillance, bicycle and accessories, mobile applications and websites, infrastructures, intermodal transport or initiatives to promote bike as a mode of transport. The coordination of these innovations and measures, between public and private sectors, are crucial to make the shift to soft mobility aligned with European policy orientations.

Questa tesi analizza le problematiche riguardanti la bicicletta a Bologna, mezzo di trasporto sostenibile e adatto all'ambiente urbano. Dopo uno studio sulla storia della bicicletta e dei suoi legami stretti con l'Italia, la tesi si sofferma sui diversi motivi per cui scegliere la bicicletta come mezzo di trasporto in ambiente urbano piuttosto che l'automobile, precisando inoltre i problemi dovuti a quest'ultima come la congestione del traffico, l'incidentalità stradale o l'inquinamento atmosferico. Un uso più massiccio della bicicletta è una soluzione che potrebbe ridurre questi problemi, ma un cambiamento verso la sostenibilità necessita di interventi politici e di una presa in considerazione delle problematiche spaziali specifiche del capoluogo emiliano. La tesi tenta di comprendere se la reputazione di Bologna come città favorevole all'uso della bicicletta è una realtà, attraverso l'indagine sul successo e l'insuccesso delle politiche sulla mobilità avviate in questa direzione dalle amministrazioni locali e attraverso un'inchiesta realizzata con dei ciclisti bolognesi alla fine del 2017.

This study examines the effect of weather on bikeshare use. We employ data from forty Public Bicycle Sharing Programs located in forty cities (16 countries) across five different climate zones, spanning tropical to boreal climates. Our curated dataset is longitudinal and consists of nearly 100 million cycling trips. Key findings include: (a) the most significant variable, particularly on weekdays, is the time of day, followed by precipitation; (b) in most cities, usage increases on weekdays and weekends up to a point around 27 to 28 • C, before declining; (c) usage by hour usually follows a bimodal or trimodal daily pattern on weekdays, except for schemes which are too small to serve a commuter function (weekend and weekday usage is similar in small schemes); (d) weekend usage peaks at around 2 to 3 pm in most schemes, except those in hotter climates where the peak is around 5 pm; (e) precipitation negatively affects female ridership more than male ridership; and, (f) a changing climate is likely to affect cycling by boosting ridership in cold climates and lowering ridership in warm climates, but the effects will likely be small. In the spirit of reproducibility, all data and R code are publicly available.

This study provides a model to rate and visualize the bicycle redistribution of Citi Bike, the bikeshare system that operates in New York City.  The share of rebalanced bicycles in proportion to total rides sharply decreased in the spring of 2015, which prompted the question as to what impact, if any, this change in operations had on the availability of bikes and the system’s ability to relay bikes to empty stations.  In terms of public transit, a bikeshare system is only as effective as its ability to respond to commuter supply and demand.  In order to circumvent the absence of data about redistribution routes and times utilized by Citi Bike’s operations team, publicly available trip data was reverse-engineered in order to recreate the rebalancing events over the three years of the bike share’s operation (2013-2015).  Pairwise correlation revealed the stations between which bikes are transferred the most. Data on availability per station, derived from an accumulated JSON feed was integrated in order to derive an hourly score per station. The durations of consecutively empty and full stations were analyzed. Finally, a k-means clustering analysis of availability events was performed in order to visualize the spatial patterns of bicycle supply and demand.  A negative correlation was found between the amount of rebalanced bicycles and the performance of stations based on indicators such as emptiness, fullness, and deliveries per empty instants.

"Although millions of people in the United States love to ride bicycles for exercise or leisure, statistics show that only 1 percent of the total U.S. population uses bicycles for transportation—and barely half as many people bike to work. In his original and exciting book, One Less Car, Zack Furness examines what it means historically, culturally, socioeconomically, and politically to be a bicycle transportation advocate/activist."

Biciclete pentru copii, ghidul complet de care ai nevoie.
In acest articol ai sa gasesti tot ce trebuie sa stii despre alegerea corecta a unei biciclete.
Acesta este un ghid de cumparare simplu si complet. Alegerea unei biciclete pentru copii pare relativ simpla insa nu este chiar asa.
Sunt elemente importante pe care trebuie sa le ai in vedere cand alegi bicicleta.
Si nu doar calitatea bicicletei conteaza.
Citeste acest ghid si vei avea suficiente cunostinte care te vor ajuta sa alegi o bicicleta ieftina si sigura.
Ce trebuie sa stii atunci cand alegi o bicicleta?
• Alege biciclete pentru copii, in functie de marimea rotii bicicletei masurata in inch dupa varsta copilului.
• Tabel complet cu dimensiunea rotilor masurate in inch potrivite pentru fiecare varsta a copilului.
• Cum alegem sistemul de franare al biciclei si de ce este important. • Tipuri de sisteme de franare pentru biciclete copii.
• Cum sa folosesti corect frana de mana a bicicletei pentru evitarea accidentarii. • Cum sa reglezi inaltimea scaunului bicicletei in functie de lungimea piciorului copilului masurata la interiror.
• Cum sa alegem inaltimea corecta a unei bicicletepentru copii pentru evitarea accidentarii in zona genitala.
• Cat trebuie sa fie greutatea ideala a unei biciclete?
• Ce tipuri de biciclete pentru copii se conduc cel mai usor?
• Ce inseamna factorul Q atunci cand alegem biciclete pentru copii.

Cities are currently undergoing a transformation into the Smart concept, like Smartphones or SmartTV. Many initiatives are being developed in the framework of the Smart Cities projects, however, there is a lack of consistent indicators and methodologies to assess, finance, prioritize and implement this kind of projects. Smart Cities projects are classified according to six axes: Government, Mobility, Environment, Economy, People and Living. (Giffinger, 2007) The main objective of this research is to develop an evaluation model in relation to the mobility concept as one of the six axes of the Smart City classification and apply it to the Spanish cities. The evaluation was carried out in the 62 cities that made up in September 2015 the Spanish Network of Smart Cities (RECI- Red Española de Ciudades Inteligentes). This research is part of a larger project about Smart Cities’ evaluation (+CITIES), the project evaluates RECI’s cities in all the axes. The analysis was carried out taking i...

Der vorliegende Sammelband ist eine anerkennenswerte studentische Leistung, die im Bachelorstudiengang Geographie am Geographischen Institut der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen im Rahmen des „Integrativen Projekts“ (5. Fachsemester) im Wintersemester 2010/2011 erbracht wurde. Grundlage der empirischen Forschungsarbeit war das vom Bundeswirtschaftsministerium im Rahmen des Programms „IKT für Elektromobilität“ geförderte Projekt „eE-Tour Allgäu – effiziente Elektromobilität und Tourismus“. Die Arbeitsgruppen Humangeographie unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Rainer Rothfuß und Geoinformatik, geleitet von Prof. Dr. Volker Hochschild, widmeten sich in diesem Forschungs- und Entwicklungsverbundprojekt der Fragestellung nach der Nutzerakzeptanz und räumlichen Mustern von Elektromobilität sowie den Einsatzmöglichkeiten Geographischer Informationssysteme (GIS) zur Standortanalyse für Ladestationen sowie zur energiebezogenen Routenoptimierung für E-Fahrzeuge.

En esta investigación partimos de la premisa de que en las zonas periféricas de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México en donde se ubican los municipios y alcaldías con menores ingresos, con una menor cobertura de transporte público y una mayor carencia de servicios, la bicicleta tiene un gran potencial para responder en materia de movilidad a las necesidades de los habitantes y mejorar su acceso a la ciudad; mostraremos cómo la bicicleta representa una alternativa para enfrentar las desigualdades territoriales en materia de accesibilidad, disminuir los costos de transporte y llegar más rápido al lugar de destino.

This research is based on the premise that in the peripheral areas of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico, where municipalities and municipalities with lower incomes are located, with less public transportation coverage and a greater lack of services, bicycles have great potential to respond to the mobility needs of the inhabitants and improve their access to the city; we will show how bicycles represent an alternative to face territorial inequalities in terms of accessibility, lower transportation costs and faster travel times.

Dans cette recherche nous partons du principe que, dans les zones périphériques de la zone métropolitaine de la vallée de Mexico, où se trouvent les municipalités et les mairies disposant des revenus les plus bas, avec une moindre couverture des transports en commun et un plus grand manque de services, la bicyclette a une fort potentiel pour répondre aux besoins des habitants en termes de mobilité et améliorer leur accès à la ville. Dans cet article, nous montrerons comment le vélo représente une alternative pour faire face aux inégalités territoriales en termes d'accessibilité, réduire les coûts de transport et diminuer le temps de transfert.

Sistem berbagi sepeda yang sudah tersebar di beberapa negara di dunia sebagian besa berbasis penggunaan teknologi berupa melacak database pendaftaran, pembayaran, jumlah sepeda yang tersedia dan kios loker yang tersedia di setiap stasiun, dan serta penyewaan atau pengembalian sepeda di setiap loker secara realtime. Peneliti ingin mengetahui pola klasifikasi permintaan berbagi sepeda. Peneltian ini menggunakan data sistem berbagi sepeda di Wasington D.C. pada data Bike Sharing Dataset yang bersumber dari UCI Machinr Learning Repository. Untuk menjawab permaslahan tersebut, metode yang digunakan antara lain k-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, dan Random Forest. Dengan tinjauan beberapa variabel pendukung.. Dalam final project ini peneliti melakukan preprocessing, feature engineering, eksplorasi data, feature selection dengan korelasi, hold out methods, dan klasifikasi. Diketahui hasil analisis klasifikasi terbaik adalah Random Forest dengan akurasi sebesar 0,69.

Bike-Sharing Systems (BSS) are spreading over the world at a fast pace. Several reasons base the incentive from a government perspective, usually related to sustainability, healthy issues and general mobility. Although there was a great prioritization in the last years, literature on how to design and implement them are rather qualitative (e.g. guides and manuals) while technical research on the subject usually focus on extensive data inputs such as O/D matrixes and other methods that may not be robust nor extrapolated to other places. Also, lack of data in some regions make them of little use to be easily transferred.
The thesis aims to work on an analytical continuum approach model to design a BSS, providing guidelines to a set of representative scenarios under the variation of the most important inputs. It is based on the optimization between Users and Agency, so there is a global outcome that minimizes total costs. In particular, it develops a monocentric approach to capture demand heterogeneity on cities center-peripheries.
The model is calibrated on Barcelona's existing BSS and results are within an acceptable error range for an analytical modeling. By optimizing its design, it is possible to see a big gap compared to the actual one. It would require a substantial increase in infrastructure (twice stations and bicycles), but would allow a much better Level of Service.
The scenarios results show the importance of demand density to the system. Low densities can rise sharply users’ costs. It becomes particularly critical on societies of a lesser economic power (with a low Value of Time - VoT), where the affordability by its citizens or government can even compromise the BSS feasibility.
Regarding the central-peripheric relation, demand concentration within the central region benefits from Economies of Scale, although at a low level. Even so, infrastructure do not follow their relation in the same rate. The rise in concentration on the center does not imply in the same increase in infrastructure. The unbalance between zones rise the repositioning costs, but are considerably small compared to the system overall costs.
The thesis presents these results as an initial guideline to be used as references along with the modeling that makes them possible. The center-periphery differentiation can be seen both, as a reflect from the different characteristics from a region and also be used as steps to implementation of a BSS in phases, as it usually occurs.

Piraeus is the fourth largest municipality in Greece and a port city. Piraeus port is one of the biggest in the Mediterranean, serving thousands of passengers, who use the city as a transport corridor to reach Athens. On the other hand, the harbor gives a sense of liveliness in the city, further reinforced by the advantageous geographical position, important archaeological sites and a beautiful shoreline. New perspectives are also opening up for the city due to the development of a new cruise terminal. Among the crucial challenges faced by Piraeus city is the strong car-dependency. In order to cope with this issue and related impacts, but also to reinforce traditional economic activities related to the maritime economy, the municipality has decided to re-orient its planning efforts, visioning Piraeus as a sustainable coastal and maritime tourism destination. As part of this planning goal, the promotion of cycling has been decided, by launching a Bike Sharing System (BSS), being perc...

Este artículo tiene como propósito analizar el impacto de dos programas públicos de promoción del uso de la bicicleta que se llevaron a cabo durante la gestión de Marcelo Ebrard como jefe de Gobierno del Distrito Federal (2006-2012): el programa de Ciclovía Recreativa “Muévete en Bici” (MenB) y el Sistema de Transporte Individual “Ecobici”. Con base en dos encuestas aplicadas a 1000 personas cada una y en tres
grupos focales, buscamos arrojar luz sobre las correspondencias existentes entre los programas MenB y Ecobici, poniendo de manifiesto las representaciones, sensaciones, experiencias y prácticas en torno al uso de la bicicleta. ¿En qué medida un transporte con fines utilitarios responde a la necesidad de deporte, diversión y esparcimiento
de la gente? ¿Qué papel puede desempeñar una ciclovía recreativa en el cambio de estilos de vida y en el desarrollo de un nuevo hábito de movilidad? En este artículo, nos abocaremos a profundizar en el estudio de los factores sociales, individuales y psicosociales que fungen como motor de cambio o, al contrario, que participan en la perpetuación de costumbres y comportamientos de movilidad arraigados en la vida
cotidiana de las personas.

Just a year after it’s May 2013 launch, Citi Bike had garnered 100,000 annual members-- a figure unprecedented for a bike share program in the United States. As part of this launch, Citi Bike offered $60 annual membership, a 40% discount, to New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) residents. NYCHA houses more than 403,000 individuals with an average family income of about $23,000. Despite this discount, NYCHA residents made up less than 1% of the total annual members after the program’s first year. 

Through surveys of NYCHA residents living in developments near Citi Bike stations, this research sought to better understand why the discounted membership was not widely embraced and to identify potential deterrents to joining the program. Additionally surveys captured resident’s opinions of Citi Bike, their experiences using the program (if applicable), what types of social, physical, or monetary barriers might be keeping them from trying or regularly making use of the program, and what sort of measures they thought would be most effective in mobilizing non-users. The findings of this survey were used to develop a series of actionable recommendations.

Piraeus is the fourth largest municipality in Greece and a port city. Piraeus port is one of the biggest in the Mediterranean, serving thousands of passengers, who use the city as a transport corridor to reach Athens. On the other hand, the harbor gives a sense of liveliness in the city, further reinforced by the advantageous geographical position, important archaeological sites and a beautiful shoreline. New perspectives are also opening up for the city due to the development of a new cruise terminal. Among the crucial challenges faced by Piraeus city is the strong car-dependency. In order to cope with this issue and related impacts, but also to reinforce traditional economic activities related to the maritime economy, the municipality has decided to reorient its planning efforts, visioning Piraeus as a sustainable coastal and maritime tourism destination. As part of this planning goal, the promotion of cycling has been decided, by launching a Bike Sharing System (BSS), being perce...

Bike-sharing has developed into an established part of many urban transportation systems. However, new bikesharing systems (BSS) are still built and existing ones are extended. Particularly for large BSS, location planning is complex since factors determining potential usage are manifold. We propose a semi-automatic approach for creating or extending real-world sized BSS during general planning. Our approach optimizes locations such that the number of trips is maximized for a given budget respecting construction as well as operation costs. The approach consists of four steps: (1) collecting and preprocessing required data, (2) estimating a demand model, (3) calculating optimized locations considering estimated redistribution costs, and (4) presenting the solution to the planner in a visualization and planning front end. The full approach was implemented and evaluated positively with BSS and planning experts.

Der vorliegende Sammelband ist eine anerkennenswerte studentische Leistung, die im Bachelorstudiengang Geographie am Geographischen Institut der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen im Rahmen des „Integrativen Projekts“ (5. Fachsemester) im Wintersemester 2010/2011 erbracht wurde. Grundlage der empirischen Forschungsarbeit war das vom Bundeswirtschaftsministerium im Rahmen des Programms „IKT für Elektromobilität“ geförderte Projekt „eE-Tour Allgäu – effiziente Elektromobilität und Tourismus“. Die Arbeitsgruppen Humangeographie unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Rainer Rothfuß und Geoinformatik, geleitet von Prof. Dr. Volker Hochschild, widmeten sich in diesem Forschungs- und Entwicklungsverbundprojekt der Fragestellung nach der Nutzerakzeptanz und räumlichen Mustern von Elektromobilität sowie den Einsatzmöglichkeiten Geographischer Informationssysteme (GIS) zur Standortanalyse für Ladestationen sowie zur energiebezogenen Routenoptimierung für E-Fahrzeuge.

Many cities worldwide are struggling to reduce pollution and to maintain an effective and agile transportation system. Among the many available policies and green solutions, bike sharing programs are emerging as a cost effective and sustainable way to expand the portfolio of transit options, promoting the use of alternative transportation among citizens. However, it is still not clear how to design and consequently improve such a complex system. In this paper, the authors analyze the bike sharing system as a Product Service System (PSS) and explore the applicability of the Service Engineering Methodology (SEEM) to re-engineer and improve the Bergamo bike sharing system (BiGi). First, the paper presents an analysis of the current BiGi system offer; then, possible improvements and solutions are identified through the adoption of the Service Requirement Tree method. Finally, the improvements are proposed and discussed.

Cycling is currently enjoying an uptake across Irish urban areas and there has been increased investment in cycling provision in recent years. In 2009, for example, DublinBikes launched in Dublin, becoming the first public bike share scheme in Ireland. It has since been followed by similar schemes in Galway, Cork, Limerick and Belfast. Galway's population characteristics, noted for its large student and tourist numbers, should positively impact on its cycling level and bike share scheme usage, however the city's car-oriented transport network and narrow medieval streets are limiting factors. While a considerable amount of research has been undertaken on DublinBikes and on cycling in Dublin in general, there have been relatively few studies on cycling in Galway and no previous academic study has been conducted on the Galway bike share scheme. For example, since the scheme was launched (November 2014), it has faced a substantial amount of criticism from cycling advocacy groups and local politicians on the basis that the scheme was inadequately planned and implemented. As public bike share schemes become more prominent in Ireland and internationally, the necessity for an increased understanding of how they function grows. This paper critically analyses the progress of the public bike share scheme in Galway, particularly in regard to usage rates and encouraging modal shift (including a comparison with DublinBikes), offering recommendations for improvements. The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods: face-to-face surveys of scheme users (n = 26), semi-structured interviews with representatives of the National Transport Authority and the Galway Cycling Campaign, and analysis of trip data. This mixed method offered a wide range of perspectives on the bike scheme: interviews provided the perspectives of individuals concerned with policy and scheme implementation, while surveys reflected the attitudes of individuals using the scheme on the ground. Proceedings of the ITRN2016 The results highlighted four key areas for scheme improvement. Firstly, the survey and interview responses identified the potential for greater scheme usage if extended geographically to include the third level campuses, suburban areas and Salthill. Secondly, the lack of cyclist-friendly infrastructure in the city centre was a major concern: the lack of cycle lanes and the prevalence of one way streets (without any contra-flow provision) create an inhospitable situation for cycling. Thirdly, it was reported that technical difficulties experienced by the scheme have been a problem and have restricted the capacity of an already too small network. While any public bike scheme is going to experience glitches, the length of time some of the stations on the Galway scheme have been offline has damaged the reputation and perceived reliability of the scheme. Finally, it was indicated that the marketing strategy of the scheme may require revision: membership options appear to be too restrictive, no Irish language option is offered and there are image issues regarding the sponsorship of the scheme. It is envisaged that this research may contribute to further studies on cycling and road layout in Galway, and will assist comparatively should similar research be conducted on schemes in Belfast, Cork or Limerick.

Bike-sharing is widely recognized as an eco-friendly mode of transportation and seen as one of the solutions to the problem of air pollution and congestion. As there is little research exploring the performance of bicycle-sharing systems (BSS), many municipal authorities invest in their development without knowledge of their effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this article is to identify factors that correlate with BSS performance. Data related to BSS and urban characteristics were collected for the 56 cities in Poland, which is the population of BSS systems in this country. The Ordinary Least Square regression model was used to estimate the model. Additionally, to support our findings, a survey of 3631 cyclists was conducted. Our main findings show that BSS performance was positively related to cities’ population, tourism, number of bike stations per capita, congestion, bicycle pathways’ length and higher temperature, and negatively related to precipitation. We have also found tha...