Arid Zone

In arid-zone agriculture where available irrigation water is saline, desalination is becoming an attractive method for increasing yields and reducing negative environmental consequences. However, irrigation with desalinated water can be problematic if essential nutrients, including Ca, Mg, and S, removed during reverse osmosis, are not reintroduced. We evaluated two strategies for supplying these nutrients — direct fertilization and blending of

Lee E, Klöcker U, Croft DB and Ramp D, 2004. Kangaroo-vehicle collisions in Australia's sheep rangelands, during and following drought periods. Australian Mammalogy 26: 215-226. The effects of roads on wildlife behaviour and ecological function are poorly known in arid Australia. The most obvious impact is roadkill from wildlife-vehicle collisions. Therefore we collected statistics on kangaroo-vehicle collisions, investigated the causal

Présentée au: Séminaire International sur la protection des végétaux : Situation et perspectives. Batna (Algérie). 17-19/11/2013

Résumé :
  Une étude de la dynamique des différents stades de Boufaroua, Oligonychus afrasiaticus sur le palmier dattier a été menée dans la palmeraie de Tajnint, du juillet au septembre 2010.
    Cinq différents cultivars, Bent Qbala, Ghars, Addela, Deglet Noor et Timjuhart ont été choisis dans cette étude. Pour l’échantillonnage, plusieurs dattes de chaque cultivars ont été prises au hasard dont les acariens sont récupérés dans l’alcool à 70%. Une fois au laboratoire, les différents stades de l’acarien sont déterminés et dénombrés.
  Les résultats obtenus ont révélé un pic d’attaque de l’acarien signalé en fin d’août, début de septembre allant jusqu’au 44 acariens/datte. Bien que l’infestation de la palmeraie par l’acarien reste généralement faible.
  Le cultivar de Deglet Noor s’est avéré le plus sensible aux attaques de Boufaroua suivi par Ghars et Addela. Bent Qbala étant la moins sensible.
 

Mots clés :
Palmier dattier, Deglet Noor, Ghardaïa, Oligonychus afrasiaticus, Dynamique des populations.

Résumé :
Cette étude dans la palmeraie d’El-Atteuf a révélé la présence de 47 espèces d’insectes essentiellement représentés par les coléoptères avec 36% du total d’insectes, suivis des orthoptères avec 19%.
    Parmi les espèces répertoriées et qui ont une importance phytosanitaire on a trouvé le Boufaroua Oligonychus afrasiaticus qui attaque directement les dattes et la cochenille blanche Parlatoria blanchardi qui provoque des encroûtements sur palmes et le dessèchement de ces dernières. Ces deux déprédateurs pullulent en été principalement en juillet et août. Parmi les cinq variétés étudiées, Deglet Noor est la plus infestée.
    Deux prédateurs de la cochenille blanche ont été recensé, Il s’agit de Pharoscymnus ovoïdeus et Cybocephalus palmarum.

Mots clés :
Palmier dattier, Inventaire, Oligonychus afrasiaticus, Parlatoria blanchardi, El-Atteuf, Dynamique de population.

Cordia myxa L. locally known as Gonda,
Lasora or lehsua belongs to family Boraginaceae. It
grows throughout India except in high hills and
temperate climates. This is a perennial, medium sized
tree with crooked stem. It bears small sized fruits in
bunches, used as traditional vegetable and pickles.
Besides, it has number of other uses including medicine,
fuel wood and ornamental wood work. Due to its
drought tolerance ability, it is abundantly found in arid
and semi arid regions of North and North West India.
Its cultivation as planned orchards is limited and only
scanty information about various aspects of the species
is available. This paper therefore, deals with synthesised
information on its distribution, taxonomy, traditional
knowledge and experimental findings on
diversity, propagation, improvement and utilization.
The information on production and consumption may
open new vistas in dietary supplement, thus opening a
new window of commercial opportunity in arid and
semi arid regions of India and isoclimatic regions of the
world.

... example, where aeolian sands cover the soil uniformly, no vegetation banding occurs on the Niger plateaux (d'Herbès and Valentin, 1997). ... The occurrence of crusted surfaces in the interbands have been noted in most studies (eg, Boaler and Hodge, 1962; White, 1971, Mabbut ...

Résumé :

Une étude de dynamique de la cochenille blanche dans la palmeraie d’El-Atteuf  (Ghardaïa) de Juillet au Septembre 2010, accompagnée de celle de deux espèces prédatrices locales Pharoscymnus ovoïdeus (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) et Cybocephalus palmarum (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) a révélé une forte infestation par cette cochenille, notamment au mois d’Août et Septembre,  allant au moyen de 55,94 à 117, 93 cochenilles/cm2. Aucune différence significative n’a été signalée entre les différentes faces foliaires et couronnes des palmes.
La présence de Pharoscymnus ovoïdeus et Cybocephalus palmarum a été remarquée le long la période d’étude avec une faveur pour la coccinelle en nombre. Une nette corrélation en dynamique avec la cochenille est signalée.

Mots clés :
Dynamique, Palmier dattier, Ghardaïa , Parlatoria blanchardi, Pharoscymnus ovoïdeus, Cybocephalus palmarum

Résumé:
Cette étude dans la palmeraie d’El-Atteuf a révélé la présence de 47 espèces d’insectes essentiellement représentés par les coléoptères suivis des orthoptères.
Parmi les espèces qui ont une importance phytosanitaire le Boufaroua Oligonychus afrasiaticus qui attaque directement les dattes et la cochenille blanche Parlatoria blanchardi qui provoque des encroûtements sur palmes et le dessèchement de ces dernières. Ces deux déprédateurs pullulent en été et principalement en juillet et août. Parmi les cinq variétés étudiées, DEGLET NOOR est la plus infestée.
Deux prédateurs de la cochenille blanche ont été recensés, Il s’agit de Pharoscymnus ovoïdeus et Cybocephalus palmarum.

Mots clés :
Palmier dattier, Inventaire, Oligonychus afrasiaticus, Parlatoria blanchardi, El-Atteuf, Dynamique de population.

أصبحَ الجَفافُ مِنْ أهمِّ المُشكلات والأخطَار التي تواجه كَثيرٌ مِنْ الدولِ، وبصفةٍ خَاصةٍ الدول الفقيرة؛ لِعَدمِ قُدرتها الاقتصاديَّة والعِلْميَّة على المواجهةِ. وتُعَدُّ دول إقليم الساحل الأفريقي مِنْ أكثرِ دول العَالَم مُعَاناةً مِنْ كَثرةِ تِكرار مَوْجَات الجَفاف القاتِلة بهـا، مُنذُ سِتينيَّات القَرن العَشرين.
ومَع التغيُّرات المُناخيَّة زادت رُقعة الأراضي التي زَحَفَت عليها الصحـراءُ، وتعرَّضت التربةُ في المَناطق الجَافّة والقاحِلة إلى التدهورِ في بنيَتها وخواصها الفيزيَائيَّة والكيميائيَّة، مِمَّا أدَّى إلى فُقدانِ الحيَاة النباتيَّة والتنوّع الحيَوي بها، وبالتالي عَدَم قُدرة التربة على الإنتاجِ الزراعي ودَعم الحيَاة الحيوانيَّة والبَشريَّة، وهـو مَـا يُعـرف بالتصحُّـرِ، تلك المُشكلة التي تحوَّلت إلى خَطرٍ أصبح يُهَدِّدُ كَثيرٌ مِنْ دولِ العَالَم، الغَنيَّة والفَقيرة عَلَى حَدٍّ سَواءٍ.
تُمَثِّـلُ دِراسةُ جُغـرافيَة الأراضي الجَافّة جَانبًا جُغرافيًّا مُهِمًّا في الدراسات الجُغرافيَّة والبيئيَّة، وذلك لاهتمامِها بإبرازِ المُشكلات والأخطار المُناخيَّة والبيئيَّة في المَناطق الجَافّة والقاحِلة.
ويَتضمَّنُ هَذا الكتابُ سبعة فصول، عَرَضَ الفصلُ الأول تعريفات الجَفَاف وأنواعه، واختصَّ الفصلُ الثاني بتحديدِ الجَفاف وتصنيفه وتوزيعه، واهتمَّ الفصلُ الثالث بأسبابِ الجَفاف والقحولة والتوزيع الجُغرافي، في حين دَرَسَ الفصلُ الرابع المَلامح الجيومورفولوجيَّة في الأقاليم الجَافّة والقَاحِلة، بَيْنما تناولَ الفصلُ الخامس السمَات المُناخيَّة ومَوارد الميَاه في الأقاليمِ الجَافّة والقَاحِلة.
وجَاء الفصلُ السادس لإلقاءِ الضوْءِ على البيئةِ الحيَويَّة في الأقاليمِ الجَافّة والقَاحِلة. أمَّـا الفصلُ الأخيـر فكانَ لِدراسةِ الأنشطة الاقتصاديَّة وطُرق التنمية ومُواجهة المُشكلات في الأقاليمِ الجَافّة والقَاحِلة.
ولَعَـلَّ الكتابُ يَكونُ بهذا قد اقتربَ مِنْ الإحَاطةِ بمُعظمِ المُوضوعات المُختلفة لِمُقرَّرِ "جُغرافيَة الأراضي الجَافّة". وقد حَرِصَ المُؤلِّفَان على أن تكونَ المَادةُ العِلْميَّةُ مُدَعَمَّةً بالبيانات والخرائطِ والأشكالِ والتوضيحيَّة والمَرئيَّات الفضائيَّة والصور الفوتوغرافيَّة؛ كإحدى الوسائل المُساعدة في سهولة توصيل المَعلُومَات للطالبِ، فقد احتوى الكتابُ على 62 خريطةً وشكلاً بيانيًّا، و17 جَدولاً، و11 صورةً فوتوغرافيَّةً.
وبحَمْدِ اللهِ وتوفيقه قد تمَّ شَرْح الكِتاب، الذي بَيْن أيْدكم، كَامِلاً على قناةِ الـ YouTube الخاصة بي Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Fattah Anbar ، وذلك بقائمةِ التشغيل (سِلْسِلَة مُحاضرات في مُقرَّر¦ جُغرافيَة الأراضي الجَافَّة). وسَوف تجدون في بدايةِ كُلّ فَصل مِنْ فصولِ الكتاب "رابط" شَرح الفَصل على قناةِ الـ YouTube الخاصة بي. أَسْألُ اللهَ العَظيم ربّ العَرش الكَريم أن يَنفعَ بي وبكُم.
"واللهُ سُبحانه وتعالي وليُّ التوفيق"
المُؤلِّفَان
القَاهرة: أكتوبر 2017

Balancing the population of large herbivores, whether livestock (such as camels) or wildlife (such as Arabian Oryx) or a combination, is the single most important issue for managing a rangeland.  It is thought that most rangelands are overgrazed, leading to a lower overall capacity to support herbivores.  Evaluating the 'correct' level requires an understanding of biomass production over multiple seasons, and also of the heterogenic nature of arid ecosystems.

Plant–microbe interactions are a central feature of the life of not only plants but determine the soil health and plant health, thereby leading to a healthy ecosystem. These interactions range from advantageous symbiotic associations to pathogenic disease states. An understanding of these interactions is essential for both commercial plant production and native soil health management and for maintaining overall healthy environment. Numerous rhizobial strains have been identified that show nitrogen-fixing ability, with their target host legume Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) being one of the most important legume crop of the arid zones of India, and different cultivars of chickpea have been grown under field conditions since centuries. Most of the chickpea grown soils harbor diverse group of rhizobial populations. These rhizobial populations in the soil are capable of interacting and nodulating all chickpea cultivars to varying extent depending upon the soil, site, and management practices. The achievements of biofertilizer technology in enhancing chickpea productivity in India are discussed in this chapter.

Geological Society of America Special Paper 404 2006 Karst evolution of the Nullarbor Plain, Australia John A. Webb Department of Earth Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia Julia M. James School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney ...

Fourteen surface water and nine surface sediment samples were collected from the Peacock River and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) by gas chromatograph-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). All the analyzed organochlorine pesticides, except o,p'-DDT, were detected in sediments from the Peacock River; but in the water samples, only β-HCH, HCB, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDT were detected at some sites. The ranges for total OCPs in the water and sediments were from N.D. to 195 ng l( - 1) and from 1.36 to 24.60 ng g( - 1), respectively. The only existing HCH isomer in the water, β-HCH, suggested that the contamination by HCHs could be attributed to erosion of the weathered agricultural soils containing HCHs compounds. Composition analyses showed that no technical HCH, technical DDT, technical chlordanes, endosulfans, and HCB had been recently used in this region. However, there was new input of γ-HCH (lindane) into the Peacock River. The most probable source was water flowing from Bosten Lake and/or agricultural tailing water that was returned directly into the Peacock River. DDT compounds in the sediments may be derived mainly from DDT-treated aged and weathered agricultural soils, the degradation condition was aerobic and the main product was DDE. HCB in the sediment might be due to the input from Bosten Lake and the lake may act as an atmospheric deposition zone. There was no significant correlation between the concentrations of OCPs (including ∑HCH, ∑DDT, chlordanes, endosulfans, HCB and total OCPs) and the content of fine particles (<63 μm). The concentrations of OCPs were affected by salinity.

The objective of this study was to evaluate three synchronization fix timed-AI protocols throughout the year on one commercial dairy farm in a semi-arid zone. Mean temperature-humidity indices (THI) were 77.5, 84.9, 70.8 and 58.8 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Insemination was synchronized in 3 groups of healthy Holstein Friesian dairy cows (Body Condition Score 2.25-3; scale 1-5)