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An Economic Study for the Demand of Animal Protein in Rural and Urban Areas in Fayoum Governorate Mohamed Said and Ayman Shelaby Department of Agricultural Economics – Fayoum University Summery Animal products are considered a main and important source of protein necessary for human feeding. The importance of animal proteins is becoming more important when referring to the increasing growth rate of population which led to a decreased ratio of self-sufficiency and a low per capita of red meat, poultry, and fish. The study aims at; investigating the current situation of production, consumption, selfsufficiency, and per capita animal proteins in Egypt, recognizing the main factors affecting the demand of animal proteins in Fayoum, estimating the demand elasticity of animal protein in rural and urban areas of Fayoum governorate. Quantitative and qualitative economic and statistical analysis methods are used. Secondary and primary data were collected and used. Primary data were collected in May 2011 via 100 questionnaires from rural and urban areas in Fayoum. The results show that the average per capita of red meat, poultry, and fish were about 11.44, 16.18, 7.33 kg during the period from 1990 to 1994 and about 15.62, 11.66, 15.74 kg during the period 2004 to 2008, respectively. ANOVA has shown significant differences in the quantities consumed from poultry and fish between rural and urban areas but not the quantities consumed from red meat. As for the differences in the average prices; significant differences between rural and urban areas were realized. The most important factor affecting the demand of red meat in urban areas is the monthly income (income elasticity is 0.36). In rural areas, the factors are; the monthly income, the number of family members, and the price of fish. Elasticity was estimated as 0.37, 0.71, and 1.15, respectively. The most important factors affecting the demand of poultry in urban areas are; the price of red meat (cross elasticity is 5.61), the monthly income (income elasticity is 0.38). In rural areas, the factors are; the number of family members and the price of fish (cross elasticity is 0.86). The most important factor affecting the demand of fish in urban areas are; the price of red meat and the monthly income. Elasticity was estimated as 3.33 and 0.33 respectively. In rural areas, the factors are; the monthly income (income elasticity is 0.30) and the number of family members. The study recommends increasing the local production of red meat, concentrate on fish rising and production, and fight the diseases of poultry industry in Fayoum governorate.