Maciej Krzywosz
University of Bialystok, Faculty of Sociology, Faculty Member
- I am the head of the Research and Documentation Laboratory of Miraculous Phenomena in Poland which is in the structur... moreI am the head of the Research and Documentation Laboratory of Miraculous Phenomena in Poland which is in the structure of Institute of Sociology and Cognitive Science of the University of Bialystok. The main aims of the Laboratory are collecting information, researching and documenting all kinds of miraculous phenomena that took place in Poland or abroad if their Polish social reception was significant.
Our resources include numerous research material: from collections of religious messages and visions, through journalistic articles, documents of various secular and church institutions, texts of folk culture, and ending with Polish and foreign scientific books. Scholars interested in a similar subject are invited to scientific cooperation.edit
This chapter describes the transformation of religious communication related to the use of media (speech, print, the Internet) by the Polish miracular communities. The analysis covers the period from the end of the Second World War to... more
This chapter describes the transformation of religious communication related to the use of media (speech, print, the Internet) by the Polish miracular communities. The analysis covers the period from the end of the Second World War to contemporary times. The media coverage of miraculous phenomena created by journalists has been completely omitted in the text, as they cannot be included in these communities. The first part of the chapter presents the type of Polish miracular religiosity, which is directed towards miraculous events. Next, the most important post-war miracles and apparitions (Lublin 1949, Zabłudów 1965, and Oława 1983–2002) and the use of media to promote religious content are described. The analysis shows that initially, direct verbal communication dominated, sometimes enriched by writing, usually in the form of letters. Only the apparitions of Oława in the 1980s began to be propagated on a mass scale using the printed word, on occasion supported by audio cassettes. In the third part, the contemporary use of the Internet is analysed. It follows that the Internet is used mainly by the miracular communities for informational rather than participatory purposes, resulting from computer-mediated communication disadvantages.
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This chapter describes the Polish secret police (Security Service) activities against the Marian apparition of Zabłudów, a small town in north-eastern Poland. In May 1965, 14-year-old girl Jadwiga Jakubowska publicly announced that Mary... more
This chapter describes the Polish secret police (Security Service) activities against the Marian apparition of Zabłudów, a small town in north-eastern Poland. In May 1965, 14-year-old girl Jadwiga Jakubowska publicly announced that Mary had appeared to her in the local meadow. This event gave birth to a social movement (Miracle Movement of Zabłudów) which promoted faith in the apparition and provoked a secret police operation aimed at eliminating the miracle of Zabłudów. The first part of the chapter presents the most important miracles in the Polish People’s Republic. This is followed by a description of the social context and the type of folk religiosity characteristic for Zabłudów and an account of the course of events. The final section gives an analysis of the secret police actions against the miracle and the social movement. This research, based mainly on the secret police materials, distinguishes three levels of the operation. First, information gathering, primarily through a network of agents informed about the social attitude towards the miracle. Second, creating and disseminating false and ridiculous information about members of the Miracle Movement of Zabłudów. The third level of the secret police activity was to directly intimidate the supporters of the miracle and cause a state of emergency.
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In 1980, in Poland, there were about 30 religious minorities. The socio-political transformation changed the religious landscape dramatically. In 1999, there were already 155. Not all new religions, however, were registered. In the case... more
In 1980, in Poland, there were about 30 religious minorities. The socio-political transformation changed the religious landscape dramatically. In 1999, there were already 155. Not all new religions, however, were registered. In the case of the Church of Miracles, the Raelians, and the Order of Initiated Knighthood, registration was refused. The Ministry of the Interior and the Supreme Administrative Court decided that they did not fulfil the requirements of a ‘religion’. The purpose of this article is to examine, from a sociological perspective, the definitions of religion used by the court, by which the above new religious movements were not recognized as religions. The analysis shows that the court and administration ruled on the basis of substantial definitions of religion, reducing religion to believing in God or the sacred. Furthermore, the article presents the socio-cultural reasons behind the choice of such definitions, and reviews the scholarly debate on the issue.
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17th Annual Conference of the European Association for the Study of Religions (EASR) “Religion – Continuations and Disruptions”, Tartu 25-29 June 2019. Panel: Social Aspects of Miraculous Phenomena in the Modern World. Chair: Maciej... more
17th Annual Conference of the European Association for the Study of Religions (EASR) “Religion – Continuations and Disruptions”, Tartu 25-29 June 2019.
Panel: Social Aspects of Miraculous Phenomena in the Modern World.
Chair: Maciej Krzywosz.
To submit an abstract, please create a user account and log in to the EASR 2019 ConfTool portal: https://www.conftool.com/easr2019/
The abstract submission deadline is January 10, 2019.
Panel: Social Aspects of Miraculous Phenomena in the Modern World.
Chair: Maciej Krzywosz.
To submit an abstract, please create a user account and log in to the EASR 2019 ConfTool portal: https://www.conftool.com/easr2019/
The abstract submission deadline is January 10, 2019.
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With the theory of secularisation crisis in the sociology of religion, the claim about the end of religion, or at least its radical privatization, is increasingly being denied. Therefore there is a need to work out a place for it in... more
With the theory of secularisation crisis in the sociology of religion, the claim about the end of religion, or at least its radical privatization, is increasingly being denied. Therefore there is a need to work out a place for it in post-secular societies. The article presents and compares two radically different concepts of the religious activities in the public sphere. The first of these is the sociologist José Casanova's proposal of deprivatization of religion, perceiving the benefits of its activity in the public sphere of post-secular societies. The second concept, the Richard Rorty's privatizing of religion, sees in it primarily a threat to liberal freedoms. Therefore, the American philosopher proposes to remove religion from the public sphere and place it only in the private sphere of the individual. The text ends with the hypothesis explaining the huge contrast between the views of Casanova and Rorty, as to the presence of religion in the public sphere of post-secular societies.
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This article analyzes the elements of the personal sensibility and miraculous religiosity of two twentieth-century Polish visionaries, Servant of God Rozalia Celakówna and Sr. Wanda Boniszewska. The analysis is broken down into three... more
This article analyzes the elements of the personal sensibility and miraculous religiosity of two twentieth-century Polish visionaries, Servant of God Rozalia Celakówna and Sr. Wanda Boniszewska. The analysis is broken down into three sections. The first section elaborates on the concept of miraculous religiosity, which Polish sociologists and ethnologists of religion define as openness to any kind of miraculous occurrence. The second section provides brief biographies of Rozalia Celakówna (1901-1944) and Sr. Wanda Boniszewska (1907-2003). The third section describes the miraculous events (revelations, stigmata, proven prophecies) that occurred in the lives of both visionaries. The conclusion demonstrates how both visionaries manifested elements of miraculous sensibility; however, because both women avoided spectacular miracles and focused on their relationship with Christ (and not Mary), they definitely surpassed the scope of this research.
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One of the more popular theories in the contemporary sociology of religion is the economic theory of religion, also known as the market theory of religion. It is mainly associated with the American scholar - Rodney Stark. The text... more
One of the more popular theories in the contemporary sociology of religion is the economic theory of religion, also known as the market theory of religion. It is mainly associated with the American scholar - Rodney Stark. The text presents and criticizes the conception of the history of religious studies and social sciences popularized by him. The first part of the article presents the economic theory of religion and its scientific reception. In the second, the conception of the history of religious studies, presented by Stark, was reconstructed. For him, these religious studies were extremely ideological, before the emergence of the economic theory. They perceived religion as a false and harmful social phenomenon. Stark distinguishes here a cultural approach, that treated religions as a primitive and irrational phenomenon, and a psychological approach that treated religions as a mental illness. In this concept, the Western religious studies over the years served to fight with religion, which was reflected in religious reductionism and the theory of secularization. Only the emergence of the economic theory of religion broke this trend. In the last part of the text, I present the weaknesses of Stark’s approach, such as: skipping outstanding religious studies scholars such as Mircea Eliade and biased interpretation of some other for example Emile Durkheim. The text ends with hypotheses explaining why Stark chose an extremely one-sided conception of the history of religious studies.
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After World War II in Poland took place, at least 50 miracles and apparitions , which led to significant social impact and probably hundreds of others, which remained only in the local memory. The aim of the article is to present and... more
After World War II in Poland took place, at least 50 miracles and apparitions , which led to significant social impact and probably hundreds of others, which remained only in the local memory.
The aim of the article is to present and demonstrate the sociological aspects of the most important of them, which took place in Poland during the communist era and after the collapse of the system.
The text is divided into three parts. The first is devoted to methodological problems related to the study miraculous phenomena, especially in the Polish context. In the second, I present the most important miracles that took place after the Second World War, up to the present day. In the third, I draw some sociological aspects of these events. Article complete a brief summary.
The aim of the article is to present and demonstrate the sociological aspects of the most important of them, which took place in Poland during the communist era and after the collapse of the system.
The text is divided into three parts. The first is devoted to methodological problems related to the study miraculous phenomena, especially in the Polish context. In the second, I present the most important miracles that took place after the Second World War, up to the present day. In the third, I draw some sociological aspects of these events. Article complete a brief summary.
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The article presents the enlightenment concepts of the possibility of an atheistic society. The first question was raised by Bayle in 1682, and for the next decades many philosophers and thinkers referred to the issue. The text focuses... more
The article presents the enlightenment concepts of the possibility of an atheistic society. The first question was raised by Bayle in 1682, and for the next decades many philosophers and thinkers referred to the issue. The text focuses mainly on the Marquis de Sade concept, presented in the text “Frenchmen, one more effort, if you want to be Republicans!” from 1795.
The views of Sade, analysing from the point of reason the possibility or even the necessity of an atheistic society – social atheology, are shown against other enlightenment concepts (Voltaire’s deism and D’Holbach’s conventional atheism) and their attempts to find a place of religion in modern society. Paradoxically, the thought of the Marquis’s, for whom atheism was a personally important, if not the most important part of the worldview, shows the impossibility of the existence of such a society and the necessity of God, or its substitutes, for the functioning of the human community.
The views of Sade, analysing from the point of reason the possibility or even the necessity of an atheistic society – social atheology, are shown against other enlightenment concepts (Voltaire’s deism and D’Holbach’s conventional atheism) and their attempts to find a place of religion in modern society. Paradoxically, the thought of the Marquis’s, for whom atheism was a personally important, if not the most important part of the worldview, shows the impossibility of the existence of such a society and the necessity of God, or its substitutes, for the functioning of the human community.
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The aim of the article is to describe the space of the miraculous meadow in Zabludow, where in May 1965 there has been a Marian apparition, and religious behavior of the people who came there. As a result of the apparition – hierophany,... more
The aim of the article is to describe the space of the miraculous meadow in Zabludow, where in May 1965 there has been a Marian apparition, and religious behavior of the people who came there. As a result of the apparition – hierophany, the so far ordinary meadow, changed its status and became a sacred place. It has set up Catholic and Orthodox religious symbols there, because Zabludow is located in the Catholic-Orthodox borderland and the believers of these confessions followed there. Arriving on the meadow, people expected different graces and subsequent miracles. The pilgrims left votive offerings (candles, rosaries, ritual towels) and took water from the dug hole, which was considered as a miraculous spring. Widely spread information about the further miracles. On the meadow people mainly prayed and sang religious songs. The local Catholic population did so in the Polish language, the local Orthodox population in the East Slavic dialects. The former Communist press ridiculed these religious behaviors, to put them in terms of ignorance and superstition. After the liquidation of the miracle of Zabludow, the miraculous meadow fell into almost total oblivion. Today there is a small chapel.
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The aim of this paper is the comparison of miracles in Polish People’s Republic, with these which took place after the fall of communism in 1989. In the text miracles are understood as a social fact based on popular religion, not the... more
The aim of this paper is the comparison of miracles in Polish People’s Republic, with these which took place after the fall of communism in 1989. In the text miracles are understood as a social fact based on popular religion, not the phenomenon defined by the religious organization. Analysis passed in the paper shows that we have to deal with elements of the continuity and the change. New elements are among others appearing conservative topics, mostly in the liturgy, criticism of the clergy and the use of various media. Traditional elements are the reluctance to separate from the Catholic Church, the conviction that the present time is the crucial for the future of the world and the foreboding of the coming catastrophe.
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Czy brytyjskie klasy niższe śmierdzą? Czy Rok 1984 to plagiat? Czyli o wolności mediów, na przykładzie brytyjskich i hiszpańskich doświadczeń George’a Orwella [Do the British lower classes smell? Is "1984" a plagiarism? That is about media freedom, based on Orwell’s British and Spanish experiences]more
The paper presents various forms of restriction of freedom of speech and discrediting, mainly from the left-wing media, which George Orwell experienced in his life. The most important experience was the Spanish Civil War where he first... more
The paper presents various forms of restriction of freedom of speech and discrediting, mainly from the left-wing media, which George Orwell experienced in his life. The most important experience was the Spanish Civil War where he first met the lies of communist propaganda about the POUM formation in which he fought. Then, the text describes Orwell's struggles to publish "Animal Farm". Despite the formal lack of censorship, many publishers refused to publish the book, fearing the then British government allied with the USSR. The last novel – "1984" also met with criticism from some left-wing circles. The well-known Trotskyist Isaac Dutscher, in order to discredit Orwell, completely blamed him for the plagiarism of Zamyatin’s novel – "We".
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The text presents the religious revelations and messages received by contemporary Polish visionaries. The analysis focuses on the criticisms occurring in them, and also on positively assessing the behaviour and worldview of Polish... more
The text presents the religious revelations and messages received by contemporary Polish visionaries. The analysis focuses on the criticisms occurring in them, and also on positively assessing the behaviour and worldview of Polish society. In particular they criticise the new religious customs as Communion in the hand or the function of the Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion. As to the secular sphere of life, the wearing of trousers by women is and work on Sunday is criticized. Positive topics include a high level of prayer and conviction about the chosen and religious mission of the Polish nation.
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This article presents research on social capital in contemporary sociology of religion. Although intuitively convinced of the strong connection between social capital and religion, this type of research is not very widespread. They are... more
This article presents research on social capital in contemporary sociology of religion. Although intuitively convinced of the strong connection between social capital and religion, this type of research is not very widespread. They are conducted mainly in the US, and focus on the role of religion in creating and maintaining capital and on the social benefits that religious capital can give. In Europe, research on social capital in a religious context is rare, which is probably due to the religious situation of the old continent, where religious life takes a highly individualized form, and the churches do not play a significant role in public life. Strangely, research on social capital in a religious context is also not developed in Poland, where religion plays an important role in public life.
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The aim of the article is to establish a typology of social miraculous movements that arose as a result of a miracle or religious private revelation. It presents a continuum of movements, from those characterized by maximum tension with... more
The aim of the article is to establish a typology of social miraculous movements that arose as a result of a miracle or religious private revelation. It presents a continuum of movements, from those characterized by maximum tension with the hierarchy of the Catholic Church to those characterized by the lack of tension or its minimal level. The key category of tension is based on the concept of costs and rewards, adopted from the theory of religious economy. Movements characterized by low tension are those to which the membership does not impose high costs, while movements characterized by maximum tension, impose large costs on the participant. An example of a movement with maximum tension (the possibility of losing freedom, health) can be movement centred around visionaries in the 16th century Spain, which was persecuted by the Inquisition. In Poland, an example of a high tension movement can be the movement established by Kazimierz Domański - the visionary from Oława,. In 1999, the local bishop Gulbionowicz imposed an interdict against people coming to the site of apparitions. An example of movements with little or no tension can be movements originating from private revelations indirectly supported by the local Church, such as revelations of Czesława Marianna Polak from Ostożny.
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The article presents the apocalyptic threads that appear in the contemporary Polish miracular religiosity. In the first part, it is described as a type of religiosity that focuses on miracles and apparitions. Then, fear-inducing phenomena... more
The article presents the apocalyptic threads that appear in the contemporary Polish miracular religiosity. In the first part, it is described as a type of religiosity that focuses on miracles and apparitions. Then, fear-inducing phenomena are presented and interpreted as harbingers of the coming apocalypse. The analysis shows that these are mainly weather anomalies, weeping figures and images, as well as changes in customs and liturgical reforms in the Catholic Church. The next part focuses on the forms of the apocalypse announced in the visionaries’ messages. These are not of a global nature, but rather local catastrophes, such as floods, earthquakes and droughts. However, they can be avoided through prayers, especially, the Rosary, and universal conversion to religious faith. Another characteristic of the Polish apocalyptic messages is the absence of millenarian themes, the final battle between good and evil such as Armageddon, and the figure of the Antichrist.
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The article presents the miraculous events that took place at Ostrożne near Zambrów and Wykrot in the Kurpie, at the turn of the centuries. It does this in the background of the description of the miracular religiosity, as a kind of... more
The article presents the miraculous events that took place at Ostrożne near Zambrów and Wykrot in the Kurpie, at the turn of the centuries. It does this in the background of the description of the miracular religiosity, as a kind of faith, and presents the reasons for the persistence of belief in miracles in the modern world. At Ostrożne in 1984, Jesus Christ appeared to Czesława Polak, what in the Polish Marian religious landscape is an unique phenomenon. There were also other miracles, including healings. This led to the construction of a chapel in the place of the apparitions and the formation of a local shrine of “Christ coming to the people”. In 1990, at Wykrot the Blessed Virgin appeared to the farmer Stefan Gwiazda. What was unique compared to other apparitions, Mary resembled an old woman and asked for a piece of bread. In one of the subsequent apparitions, she recommended the construction of the Divine Mercy monastery, where the cult of the miraculous image would take place. In 1999, a local bishop made a consecration of the monastery which was built with the help of numerous pilgrims. The popularity of these and many other apparitions, makes one ask about the sources of the popularity of faith in miracles in the modern world. Among the many reasons can be mentioned the need for an individualized, emotional and partly beyond church religious experience which is a response to contemporary individualism.
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This article presents the theoretical possibilities that open up for studies of religion, examining religion from the perspective of intercultural communication. In multicultural societies, it is natural to exchange information between... more
This article presents the theoretical possibilities that open up for studies of religion, examining religion from the perspective of intercultural communication. In multicultural societies, it is natural to exchange information between people from different cultures. For this process, positively or negatively (the conflict of civilizations), religious factor affects increasingly. In this context, studies of religion would analyze how the main religious traditions perceive strangers (stereotypes, prejudices) or how ethnocentric or universalist they are. The first attempts at pointing out the role of religion in communication processes have already been made by researchers engaged in intercultural communication. The text is an attempt to complement this perspective from the study of religion.
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The aim of the article is to present the actions of the communist authorities aimed at eliminating the miracle of Zabludow. It took place in 1965, in Zabłudów, a small village in Podlasie and caused great social consequences. The text... more
The aim of the article is to present the actions of the communist authorities aimed at eliminating the miracle of Zabludow. It took place in 1965, in Zabłudów, a small village in Podlasie and caused great social consequences. The text examines the various actions of the authorities, including propaganda and legal, aimed at eliminating the Marian apparition. I carried out a content analysis of the contemporary press and documents produced by the prosecutor’s office in Bialystok. Among the strategies taken by the authorities, strategies for silence, exclusion and repression have been distinguished. They were taken in different spheres and at different stages of the miracle. The text ends with a presentation of the modes of thought that dominated in the interpretation of the miracle of Zabludow. Research shows that modern modes of thought about religion prevailed and the proponents of the miracle of Zabludow were perceived in the context of the psychopathology (Freud) or alienation (Marx) thesis.
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The purpose of this article is to present the Marian apparition, called the miracle of Zabludow, on the ground of the sociology of religion. In May 1965, in Zabludow in the Podlasie region, the Blessed Virgin appeared to Catholic girl –... more
The purpose of this article is to present the Marian apparition, called the miracle of Zabludow, on the ground of the sociology of religion. In May 1965, in Zabludow in the Podlasie region, the Blessed Virgin appeared to Catholic girl – Jadwiga Jakubowska. This fact caused a lot of effects at different levels of social life. The analysis of contemporary literature on the subject, shows that the study of the Marian apparitions is the margins of contemporary sociology of religion. Few proposal are the concepts of Michael P. Caroll and Rodney Stark, but they are characterized by one-sidedness (psychoanalytic and economic theory of religion). For this reason I referred to classical sociologists of religion: Durkheim, Weber, and Wach. Their ideas can be found useful in analyzing contemporary apparitions. Durkheim developed a sociological concept of religious experience, that explains the role of society in generating individual religious experiences, which can be places during the public apparitions. Max Weber's theory of charisma and virtuoso religious explains the authority that different visionaries have and the genesis of their apparitions. The Wach’s concept of religious protest explains the tensions and conflicts that may arise between the visionary and the movement around him against the religious institution – the Church.
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This article presents folk religion on the Catholic-Orthodox borderland, in the perspective of the Marian apparition. In May 1965, in Zabludow in the Podlasie region, inhabited by the Catholic and Orthodox populations, the Blessed Virgin... more
This article presents folk religion on the Catholic-Orthodox borderland, in the perspective of the Marian apparition. In May 1965, in Zabludow in the Podlasie region, inhabited by the Catholic and Orthodox populations, the Blessed Virgin appeared to Catholic girl – Jadwiga Jakubowska. Based on unstructured interviews, I analyzes the attitude of the local Orthodox population to the Marian apparition. The research shows that a large part of the Orthodox actively participated in the events related to the apparition. It proves that folk religion on the borderland is able to overcome the divisions created by such traditional religions as Catholicism and Orthodoxy.
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In 17th and 18th century in Europe a spirituality, understood as direct experience of sacrum, was subject to destruction. Main causes of this phenomenon were the theological shift in the sources of the knowledge of God from innate... more
In 17th and 18th century in Europe a spirituality, understood as direct experience of sacrum, was subject to destruction. Main causes of this phenomenon were the theological shift in the sources of the knowledge of God from innate spiritual experience
to physical reality and accepting the identity of religiousness and ethicalness. One of the consequences of that shift was articulation of other experience of holiness, which broke the link between sacrum and rationality and ethics. This process manifested itself in the works of Marquise de Sade.
The text of de Sade, describing a vision of revolutionary community can be interpreted as not a political text, but as an expression of mythical awareness. Key concepts here include categories of holiness and chaos, i.e. such situation that an individual can experience different reality through breaking the norms and acts of transgression. In this perspective, de Sade’s text seems to be a myth addressing the relationship between men and holiness and the way to reach holiness.
to physical reality and accepting the identity of religiousness and ethicalness. One of the consequences of that shift was articulation of other experience of holiness, which broke the link between sacrum and rationality and ethics. This process manifested itself in the works of Marquise de Sade.
The text of de Sade, describing a vision of revolutionary community can be interpreted as not a political text, but as an expression of mythical awareness. Key concepts here include categories of holiness and chaos, i.e. such situation that an individual can experience different reality through breaking the norms and acts of transgression. In this perspective, de Sade’s text seems to be a myth addressing the relationship between men and holiness and the way to reach holiness.
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On 13 May 1965, the Virgin Mary appeared to the 14 years girl – Jadwiga Jakubowska, on the meadow near a small town – Zabłudow in Podlasie. The apparition was called by the local population: a miracle of Zabłudów and caused a lot of... more
On 13 May 1965, the Virgin Mary appeared to the 14 years girl – Jadwiga Jakubowska, on the meadow near a small town – Zabłudow in Podlasie. The apparition was called by the local population: a miracle of Zabłudów and caused a lot of unforeseen consequences on the different levels of social life. From the prayers of Catholics and Orthodox pilgrims on the site of the apparition to the appointment of the Special Commission by the Minister of Internal Affairs, in order to investigate why the Citizens’ Militia used brutal physical violence against the people arriving there. The book from, sociological perspective, examines the social effects of apparitions, such as the emergence of a social movement focused on the miracles, conflicts in the local community and the religiosity of pilgrims. A separate analysis has undergone the attitude of the Catholic and Orthodox Church to the apparition and the activity of communist authority wanted to eliminate the miracle of Zabłudów. This study presents the Zabłudów apparition in the background of other similar events in Polish People’s Republic. Despite imposed atheism after World War II, miracles and apparitions were extremely common in the Polish Marian religious landscape. The book ends with a comparison of the miracles of the communist period, with those that have taken place after the political transformation. The traditional elements are: the reluctance to separate from the Catholic Church, the conviction of life at the moment of the turning point for the future of the world and the announcement of the coming catastrophe. Among the new phenomena can be mentioned: appearing conservative topics, mainly in the post-Conciliar reforms of the Catholic liturgy, criticism of the clergy, and the use of new media.
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The book is a collection of memoirs and scientific articles dedicated to Professor Wlodzimierz Pawluczuk. In the first part - "Clues", there are personal texts written by Pawluczuk's friends. You can distinguish memorable texts or on the... more
The book is a collection of memoirs and scientific articles dedicated to Professor Wlodzimierz Pawluczuk. In the first part - "Clues", there are personal texts written by Pawluczuk's friends. You can distinguish memorable texts or on the subject inspired by his personality. The second part, entitled "Sacred", contains articles devoted mainly to religious topics, taken from the perspective of the sociology of religion and the religious studies. There are, among others, theoretical texts on the typology of religious organizations, or empirical research on the religious celebration of Sunday in Poland. In the third part - "History" were placed historical texts, relating to the broadly understood religious theme, beginning with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Union Of Brest and ending with the activities of religious minorities in the Polish People’s Republic. Part Four - "Borderland", consists of texts that deal with the issues of national minorities in different contexts. We can find here texts devoted to intercultural education, social stigma or minority reactions to the results of the census of 2002. The book ends with the bibliography of Włodzimierz Pawluczuk for the years 1967-2004.
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Teksty zebrane w tym tomie to szczególny rodzaj uhonorowa- nia Profesora Andrzeja Sadowskiego przez przyjaciół, kolegów, współpracowników i uczniów. Codzienne obcowanie w zróżnicowanej narodowościowo i re- ligijnie przestrzeni... more
Teksty zebrane w tym tomie to szczególny rodzaj uhonorowa- nia Profesora Andrzeja Sadowskiego przez przyjaciół, kolegów, współpracowników i uczniów.
Codzienne obcowanie w zróżnicowanej narodowościowo i re- ligijnie przestrzeni niewątpliwie zdeterminowało jego zaintereso- wania naukowe, które skoncentrowały się wokół tematyki naro- du, etniczności, pogranicza, czy wreszcie patrząc już holistycznie, wielokulturowości, głównie opartej na badaniach stosunków mię-
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Wstęp
dzy społeczeństwami pogranicza, różnych wierzeń, kalendarzy, świąt, alfabetów, języków, baśni, proroków, czy najrozmaitszych cudów i cudowności. Wraz z mijającym czasem cały ten folklor, w większej lub mniejszej części przeniesiony został wskutek po- wojennych procesów urbanizacyjnych z najróżniejszych wiosek do miast, które przeobrażały tę wielobarwną ludowość w kultu- rową hybrydę.
Codzienne obcowanie w zróżnicowanej narodowościowo i re- ligijnie przestrzeni niewątpliwie zdeterminowało jego zaintereso- wania naukowe, które skoncentrowały się wokół tematyki naro- du, etniczności, pogranicza, czy wreszcie patrząc już holistycznie, wielokulturowości, głównie opartej na badaniach stosunków mię-
8
Wstęp
dzy społeczeństwami pogranicza, różnych wierzeń, kalendarzy, świąt, alfabetów, języków, baśni, proroków, czy najrozmaitszych cudów i cudowności. Wraz z mijającym czasem cały ten folklor, w większej lub mniejszej części przeniesiony został wskutek po- wojennych procesów urbanizacyjnych z najróżniejszych wiosek do miast, które przeobrażały tę wielobarwną ludowość w kultu- rową hybrydę.
Book review of “Hidden Galleries: Material Religion in the Secret Police Archives in Central and Eastern Europe”. By James A. Kapaló with Tatiana Vagramenko (eds.). LIT Verlag GmbH & Co. KG Wien, Zweigniederlassung Zürich 2020, 106 pages.