Maria Laura Fuchs

Se evalúan las relaciones entre San Pedro de Atacama (SPA, 400-1535 d.C.) y la Puna de Jujuy(PJ, 1029-1497 d.C.) por su posible influencia en la estructura genética de ambas poblaciones. Las distribuciones de frecuencias basadas en rasgos fenotípicos presentan una zona intermedia integrada por individuos de una y otra subregión. El 8% de los individuos de SPA fue asignado en PJ con niveles altos de probabilidad (͞p=0,69), principalmente desde sitios de los períodos Medio y Tardío (Quitor 6, Coyo Oriental, Quitor 5, Quitor 1 y Yaye), y el 32% de PJ (͞p=0,74),en su mayoría de los sitios de Doncellas y Agua Caliente, fue asignado a los períodos Temprano,Medio y Tardío de SPA. Las evidencias obtenidas a partir del estadístico Fst sugieren el efecto de eventos migratorios de rango medio y amplio influyendo en el equilibrio entre la deriva genética y la migración. Los resultados son consistentes con las relaciones establecidas por la arqueología.The relationships between San Pedro de Atac...

In this article we study the phenotypic structure, biological relationships and evolutionary factors that acted on the biological diversity observed in the prehistoric groups that inhabited Northwest Argentina (NWA). The collections used belong to different subareas and periods of the development of this region. In this study 15 metric traits of the skull were used. To achieve the proposed objective, models derived from population genetics, multivariate statistical analysis, geo-referenced map and phenotypic correlation between geographical and biological distances were applied. The total genetic divergence (F) is 16% and within subregions it varies between 2% and 10%. The correlation (r) between geographic and phenotypic distances among all samples in NWA is 0.3 and within subregions it varies between -0.16 (Quebrada de Humahuaca) and 0.7 (Puna de Jujuy). The analysis of georeferenced data indicates two phenotypic gradients in NWA. The results show a varied evolutionary scenario, c...

This work arises from the need to cross two lines of independent research, with the objective of analyzing the influence of artificial deformation of the skull and the prevalence of metabolic-systemic and infectious pathologies in the individuals that inhabited the Puna de Jujuy, Argentina, during the Late Period (1000-1450 AD). The sample consists of 372 individuals represented by skulls and mandibles, without associated postcranial remains. The applied methodology consisted in the determination of sex, age estimation, and determination of type of artificial deformation of the skull and the measurement of 31 craniometrics variables (work made by second author MLF).The data were analyzed using univariate statistics. The indicators of metabolic-systemic stress (porotic hyperostosis [HP], cribra orbitalia [CO] and dental enamel hypoplasias [HED]) and infectious processes were evaluated on a subsample of 180 individuals ((work made by first author PMDZ); univariate statistics was used ...

espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo consiste en establecer las relaciones biologicas entre las poblaciones prehistoricas de San Pedro de Atacama (SPA) del norte de Chile y la Puna de Jujuy (PJ) del noroeste de Argentina a traves del estudio de 27 caracteres metricos del craneo. La muestra consistio en 878 individuos adultos de ambos sexos, deformados artificialmente y pertenecientes a seis muestras tardias de la PJ y nueve de los periodos Temprano, Medio y Tardio de SPA. Para cumplir con el objetivo propuesto se empleo analisis discriminante y se calcularon las distancias D2 de Mahalanobis entre grupos. Luego estas distancias se emplearon para graficar las relaciones biologicas entre muestras utilizando analisis de agrupamiento. Los resultados revelan similitud fenotipica entre Queta (PJ) y Catarpe, Quitor Tardio y Yaye Tardio (SPA), y entre Catarpe (SPA) y Rio Negro y Doncelllas (PJ). Sin duda, que las relaciones entre la Puna de Jujuy y San Pedro de Atacama existieron en todas las ...

A skull with evidence of a form of mortuary disposal unknown in the study area was found in a human osteological collection from the Museo de La Plata. In order to get information about the exact provenance and context of discovery of the burial a number of techniques and methodologies of analysis were implemented (literature review, analysis of taphonomic and cut mark traces) while promoting the conservation of the bioarchaeological record (by means of the application of non-invasive imaging techniques). As a result, a novel ...

The existing biocultural links are analyzed among ancient inhabitants of the Cochabamba valleys (Bolivia) from the Formative and Tiwanaku periods, coastal and inland Azapa region (Chile) from the Late Archaic to the Late periods, and the Atacama Desert oases (Chile) from the Formative period to the time of European contact. Craniometric information obtained from a sample of 565 individuals from different sites of the studied regions was evaluated using methods derived from quantitative genetics and multivariate statistical analysis techniques. It is shown that during the Formative and Tiwanaku periods inhabitants of the Cochabamba valleys maintained contact with the population of northern Chile. This contact was more fluid with the people from the interior valley of Azapa than it was with the settlers of San Pedro Atacama (SPA). An important biological affinity in the Late Period between the inhabitants of the Azapa valley and the late SPA groups is also examined. The Late-Inca Catarpe SPA sample shows a broad genetic variability shared with the majority of the groups studied. The results reaffirm the differences between the coastal and interior Azapa valley groups and strengthen the hypothesis of two pathways to populating the south central Andean area. The divergence observed among subpopulations can be explained by the spatiotemporal dispersion between them, genetic drift dispersion compensated by the action of gene flow, and cultural norms that regulate within group mating.