Jamilia Jeenbaeva

This study aims to increase understanding of how and to what extent migration in the context of climate change and environmental degradation has been mainstreamed in national policies, laws and strategies in Kyrgyzstan. The methodology for the mapping exercise consists of two major steps. First, it identifies relevant policies, laws and strategies in Kyrgyzstan related to climate change, environment, disaster risk reduction (DRR), sustainable development, agriculture, rural development, urban development, gender, migration and remittances. Second, it analyses these documents for content about the MECC nexus. The study links Kyrgyzstan’s policy landscape with global approaches to the MECC nexus – for example, the Twenty-first Session of the Conference of the Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in November 2015, which mandated the creation of the Task Force on Displacement (TFD) as part of the work programme of the Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Associated with Climate Change Impacts. The study also analyses the extent to which Kyrgyzstan’s existing policies, laws and strategies are aligned with the recommendations of the TFD.

This paper proposes an analysis of internal migrants as a social category whose qualities and historic tendencies could make it a new middle class. These qualities include their entrepreneurial potential and increasing role as producers and consumers of goods and services, a group that is interested in stability and steady economic growth.
In Bishkek, where more than one third of the population of Kyrgyzstan resides, these internal migrants have changed the urban environment by joining the urban workforce that provides goods and services, as well as becoming consumers and voters. They continue being the most visible and effective actors in changing economic, social and, eventually, political practices in the Kyrgyz capital. This policy paper draws mainly on the cooperation between the development consultancy DialectICON, public foundation Erayim, and the Bishkek mayor’s office. This was possible during research and training projects called "Opportunities for Legalising Small Businesses of Self-Help Housing Districts of Bishkek" (April-June 2008).

The prevailing green and sustainable discourses today are produced by the global green economy “guidelines-making clubs”. In this article, a method is proposed that identifies the vehicle for these discouses’ acceptance and enactment in organizations, through corporate green identity projection. Thus, the tracing of the diffusion of “green and sustainable” discourses all the way to the formulation of organizational competences and their practical embedding is demonstrated. The discourses on climate change adaptation and mitigation builds on important metrics (i.e., the carbon emissions measurement, reporting and verification), which are involved in the construction of the field of “green economy” and the pathways of institutionalisation of green norms and values (i.e., the green and low-carbon norms and values). The method here takes the construction of green organizations through the translation of global green discourses. The method also bridges two fields of study: science and technology studies and the studies of institutions.