Luca Montuori

Anello Verde è un progetto per Roma. Affronta il tema del ruolo, degli spazi e delle funzioni attuali della capitale. Questo volume illustra il contesto in cui il progetto è nato raccontandone le strategie e le scelte a partire dalla permanenza di alcuni temi e figure nella storia moderna di Roma. Non è un testo di teoria, anche se muove da un contesto teorico che guarda alla trasformazione dei principi costitutivi della struttura urbana che determinano la forma instabile della città. Ugualmente non si occupa direttamente della configurazione degli spazi e delle strutture insediative della città, ma nel definire le regole invarianti, gli elementi non negoziabili delle modificazioni possibili, indaga i dispositivi, i principi e gli spazi possibili del progetto urbano. Anello verde si interroga sui metodi e sulle condizioni delle trasformazioni, sulla necessità di riallineare politiche e progetti, sulla possibilità di tenere insieme paesaggi concreti e norme astratte, risorse e obiettivi della città attuale. E’ una riflessione sulla città a partire da una parte concreta della città.

Anello verde is a project for Rome. It approaches the theme of the capital's current role, spaces and functions. This volume illustrates the context in which the project was born by discussing its strategies and choices starting from the permanence of several themes and figures in the modern history of Rome. It is not a theoretical text, although it moves from a theoretical context that looks at the transformation of the constituent principles of the urban structure that determine the unstable form of the city. Likewise, it does not deal directly with the configuration of the city's spaces and settlement structures, but in defining the invariant rules, the non-negotiable elements of possible modifications, it investigates the devices, principles and possible spaces of urban design. Anello verde questions the methods and conditions of transformations, the need to re-align policies and projects, the possibility of holding together concrete landscapes and abstract standards, resources and objectives of the current city. It is a reflection on the city starting from a concrete part of the city.

Roma dopo la crisi. Non abbiamo sviluppato strumenti, o meglio ne abbiamo di troppo complessi, in grado di lavorare sulla forma urbana sullo spazio e le sue relazioni, in modo che le attività si integrino, rompano l’isolamento funzionale in cui sono costrette da una modalità vecchia di vedere l’urbanistica. Inoltre, varato come misura per mitigare gli effetti della crisi economica nel 2009, il cosiddetto Piano Casa è stata a tutti gli effetti una norma deregolatoria che ha demolito i principi della pianificazione, ha dato il colpo di grazia a qualsiasi possibile visione e indirizzo di fatto liberalizzando il settore edilizio. Nei fatti ogni strumento che prevedesse una integrazione di spazi pubblici e spazi privati, composizioni di interessi, equilibri di mix funzionali, servizi ai cittadini, ogni ipotesi di progetto urbano è stata cancellata dal fatto che ogni singolo portatore di diritti edificatori ha potuto realizzare il proprio interesse in maniera autonoma, senza una visione complessiva. Gli effetti diretti più impattanti sono registrabili sia nei tessuti pregiati della città sia nelle aree più fragili e lontane; ma anche le ricadute culturali di questa fase sono state devastanti perché hanno trasformato la città nella somma di singoli edifici residenziali privati, introversi, limitati al lotto di proprietà in cui sorgono, e non in un sistema costituito da parti che concorressero alla costituzione di un paesaggio, di un insieme di interventi integrati dove spazi pubblici e privati si arricchissero di relazioni reciproche.

COHOUSING AND RECOVERY OF THE EXISTING BUILDING HERITAGE.
In Western societies, the main social structures are undergoing profound changes such as an increase in the number of single-parent families, an ageing population, temporary work conditions free of any physical place of work, migratory flows of vulnerable individuals, increasing life expectancy and low birth rate. Such changes are the result of a process of adaptation of societies to changes imposed by new economic- production conditions, by the fast pace of change regarding available technologies and by the sustainability paradigm which strives, in all ambits, towards a balance between environment, society and the economy. Among the different challenges to be taken up is that relating to widespread housing deprivation, recently worsened by the effects of the economic crisis. Recent statistics (Eurostat, 2012) show that 17.2% of the population of the European Union live in overcrowded housing and this figure rises to 30% in the case of poorer families; 5.7% of the European population suffer from serious housing deprivation and in 8 member states out of 28, this problem affects more than one person in ten.

El artículo muestra el proceso de elaboración del esquema de estructura general del Anillo Verde de Roma. Se trata de un proyecto público, aprobado en 2020, en el que ha trabajado la oficina de Roma Capitale desde 2017. El texto, a partir de un área particular y de un conjunto de planes urbanísticos heredados del pasado, se pregunta por nuevas formes que puedan potenciar acciones reales de desarrollo sostenible, alineando compromisos políticos a nivel internacional, teorías, innovaciones metodológicas, instrumentos y objetivos del proyecto urbano.

La idea del Anillo Verde retoma algunos temas y figuras históricas del debate del papel de la capital de Italia de principios del siglo XX. El proyecto se desarrolla en un área de más de 7 km cuadrados, comprende y conecta espacios entre el corredor ferroviario y áreas nunca edificadas donde debía desarrollarse el Sistema Direzionale Orientale de Roma. El proyecto realiza una nueva lectura de estos lugares a la luz de las transformaciones efectuadas a lo largo del tiempo, las necesidades y las vocaciones contemporáneas. El texto expone las metodologías empleadas para: mapear los espacios que se sitúan en el interior del ámbito, identificando sus potencialidades, cualidades y usos actuales; precisar las opciones estratégicas para redefinir los objetivos de desarrollo y las funciones de la ciudad; seleccionar los proyectos que concurran a la ejecución del ámbito estratégico general.

"The issue focuses on the role of landscape in the plan of Chandigarh as a device used to bridge the distance between concept and context. Concept is the design of the city based on the modernist grid derived from the Charter of Athens; context is the nature seen as visual relationship with the geographical infinite dimension of the Himalaya, but also fisical elements as climate, ground, trees, animals. Tafuri in “Machine et Mémoire” wrote that Le Corbusier merely corrected, regularized and standardized the existent plan of Mayer, isolating the Capitol from the body of the city realizing there the return of the myth in the dialectic of production and poiesis. On the idea of Tafuri we have an abstract professional use of the elements of the Chart of Athen opposed to the significant element of the Capitol as the architectural device that provides the key to the interpretation of the entire landscape, and to the myth. The plan is based on preiously worked out ideas for different plans like Bogotà, and Marseilles: the V7 grid of traffic and the Sector. However the relationship with the landscape is the main element of the indian carnets, Le Corbusier himselfs defined the project “a new pact with the nature” contrasting the modernist idea of domination of tecnology over the future. From this point of view the plan represents the impossibility to create perfect environments, exact plans fixed in all different parts to control the entire process (as, on the opposite, the Albert Mayer was). This leads to the significant role of landscape in urban space, not as a myth but as the real element that organizes the city. Defining the structure of the city, Le Corbusier had a strong attention to fix all the trees that had to be planted along the streets, the role of the pedestrian paths and the gardens around the Leisure valley. The consciousness of the “end of a world”, linked with the obsession of the “new pact”, introduces the idea of the city as a reverse figure where the void is the primary element of the design. Focusing the attention now on the Capitol area is possible to see how some key figures are used to fill the distance between the myth and real space. Three above all: − the Tower of Shadows as pure architectural essence connected with the sun; − the Geometric Hill, as metaphor of artificial-natural dialectic open the two sides to the infinite and to the city; − the Martyr’s Memorial, as element that changes the line of sight on the elements around redefining connections and distances (a reintepretation of Bestegui Penthouse?). In the empty space of the Capitol the myth reveals through figures the new pact with nature. The myth “made human” is opened to the city. Nature goes through these narrative figures, flows in the city transforming “distance” in “urban structure”. Context and concept are appeased in the grid setting a city not organized through its built form but through the void."

As a result of a multi-disciplinary research project under way at the Department of Architecture of Roma Tre University, the paper defines some fundamental aspects of the economy of sharing and proposes an implementation of the habitation graph, declining the co- housing topic in accordance with new ways of living. Finally, case studies are presented related to the topic of sharing in the resident for students and co-housing projects.

Il tema della condivisione rappresenta uno dei piu attuali ambiti di investigazione e progettazione, come emerge dalla ricerca condotta nel Dipartimento di Architettura dell’Universita degli Studi Roma Tre: la ricerca avanza delle riflessioni teoriche e progettuali che concentrano l’attenzione sul senso collettivo dell’abitare con particolare attenzione al tema del co-housing attraverso una traduzione piu ampia del termine. Dopo aver definito alcuni elementi delle diverse modalita di condivisione nelle nuove pratiche urbane, viene posto l’accento sul tema della condivisione quale elemento centrale nella rigenerazione; nelle sue attuali forme, il co-housing valica la dimensione domestica e diventa urbano ( co-neighbourhood ), con un complesso di relazioni che stimola la creazione di un sistema di condivisioni generatore di trasformazioni, anche attraverso strategie di rigenerazione e di valorizzazione del patrimonio immobiliare esistente. Parole chiave: condivisione, co-housing, co-n...

This paper discusses the role of landscape as a unifying element in the project for the city of Chandigarh. During the twentieth century the “classical” idea of landscape as a visual background prevailed on the idea of landscape as a device able to tie space into infinity. The plan for the city of Chandigarth and its main spots (monuments and buildings), as the Capitol hill, are conceived as symbolic constructions in which nature comes into contact with the artificial space of the city and its institutions. This interpretation derives from the following considerations: - The evolution of the plan of Chandigarh from the early schemes by Albert Mayer to the plan by Le Corbusier  that changed radically the role of the void-system into the urban space structure. - The importance attributed by Le Corbusier to the Plan d’arborisation supporting the design work of a committee that cared about the planting of the trees. - The meaning of the Capitol soil (natural and artificial) and the over...

This book is the product of a unique research, teaching, and exhibition project at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. Faculty and students of the university’s Institute for Art and Architecture IKA dedicated a full year to investigate the highly controversial modernist architecture of the three decades between 1950 and 1980. Their goal was to assess the state and current use and to interpret the aesthetic, history, and public acceptance of four selected buildings from today’s perspective. Eventually, the students created designs and proposals for moderate to radical changes for these structures. The surprising results of this undertaking offer a very differentiated picture of Vienna’s General Hospital (AKH), the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation’s studio complex (ORF-Zentrum), the Vienna University of Economics (WU), and the Alterlaa housing estate.
Big! Bad? Modern: reflects this diversity: Arranged by keywords derived from the featured projects, it provides easy access to the rich and comprehensive collection of materials and manifold positions, and opens up new perspectives. Essays by renowned authors such as Hermann Czech, Françoise Fromont, Harry Glück, Sabine Kraft and Michael Zinganel and a preface by Nasrine Seraji round out the book.

Precisions on the Present State of Architecture and City Planning, or Precisions, as the book is commonly known, originated from a series of ten lectures presented by Le Corbusier in Buenos Aires in 1929. Concise summations of the Swiss-born French architect’s pioneering philosophy, the lectures contain some of Le Corbusier’s most compelling aphorisms and cover topics ranging from technique, design and human scale, and the 1927 League of Nations competition to the teaching of architecture and an analysis of the transformation of his own work over time.
This new edition presents the Precisions lectures to a new audience. During the lectures, Le Corbusier punctuated his points with a series of improvised crayon-on-paper drawings. This is the first edition to reproduce all forty drawings in color. The book also includes Le Corbusier’s introduction, appended in the 1960s, which describes the tremendous impact the city of Buenos Aires had on the architect—its beauty and vast potential, as well as the considerable challenges presented by this city “trembling on the verge of great works.” A new additional essay by Tim Benton places the lectures in context with the larger body of Le Corbusier’s work. Finally, an appendix has been added with brief descriptions of key figures and events discussed.

Since it was first published in 1972, Learning from Las Vegas has become a classic in the theory of architecture and one of the most influential architecture texts of the twentieth century. The treatise by Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown, and Steven Izenour (1940–2001) enjoys a reputation as a signal work of postmodernism in architecture and urban planning. Yet none of the book’s editions have ever featured high-quality color images of the field research the authors conducted to illustrate their argument. Las Vegas Studio is the first book ever to present these significant photographs in large, full-color reproductions.
Now available in paperback, this unique book features these iconic images and film stills, alongside essays by Swiss scholars Stanislaus von Moos and Martino Stierli that explore how the pictures contemplate the phenomenon of the modern city. Also included is a discussion by curator and critic Hans Ulrich Obrist with Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and Swiss artist Peter Fischli that speaks to the strong and lasting influence these images still have on contemporary art and movies.
A unique opportunity to experience the full intent and import of the Learning from Las Vegas project, Las Vegas Studio continues to appeal to architects, architectural historians, and scholars alike.

An International Summer School that  focuses on four main topics representing four challenges for the European Capitals of the Future: Territorial Clustering in a Global City: the Greater Paris; Managing the “aftermath” of International Events: Turin; Combining urban heritage and innovation: Rome; Urban Innovation and Eco-sustainability: towards the Smart City, the Eco-city of Masdar.

Three main objectives: the transfer of cross-disciplinary knowledge (human and social sciences, and science) and culture; the transfer of learning approaches (Professional and Research Masters); and the transfer of skills in working groups, mixing students, young researchers and external professionals.

La finalità del master OPEN è formare soggetti che abbiano competenze specialistiche di carattere interdisciplinare e multidimensionale riguardo i temi della progettazione dello spazio aperto, in particolare in ambito urbano, sempre più centrali nella cultura del progetto e fondamentali per la definizione della qualità dell’habitat.
OPEN offre gli strumenti teorici e applicativi necessari per:
- conoscere, comprendere e interpretare i caratteri fisico-spaziali, naturali e antropici, del paesaggio e della struttura urbana, in rapporto al contesto storico e territoriale;
- avere padronanza degli strumenti storici, critici e tecnici necessari per affrontare correttamente la disciplina dell’Architettura del Paesaggio;
- progettare spazi aperti adeguati alla complessità dell’immaginario contemporaneo - rispetto agli usi e alla figuratività degli spazi - e alle esigenze di tutela e qualificazione dei valori storici e ambientali;
- progettare giardini pubblici e privati, dedicando particolare attenzione al tema della stratificazione storica dei paesaggi e delle aree archeologiche come palinsesto su cui si depositano tracce e segni.
OPEN è articolato in tre parti che si intrecciano fra loro: le prime due - OPEN Lessons e OPEN Talks - hanno carattere teorico-critico; OPEN Workshop, ha invece natura applicativa.
Il Corso si articola in due moduli: Il primo modulo (marzo-settembre 2016) è dedicato agli insegnamenti in presenza. Il secondo modulo (settembre-novembre 2016) è dedicato alla preparazione della tesi finale.
È possibile iscriversi a singoli insegnamenti, seminari e workshop, ricevendo un “Attestato di Frequenza” relativo alle discipline e ai crediti formativi maturati

La tassa d’iscrizione all’intero Corso di Master è stabilita in Euro 3.500,00

Maggiori informazioni sono contenute nel Bando di Ammissione, all’indirizzo www.paesaggioroma3.blogspot.it