- LUISS Guido Carli, Political Science, Adjunctadd
- Alfonso Giordano, primarily a political and economic geographer and demographer, has over 25 years of experience as a... moreAlfonso Giordano, primarily a political and economic geographer and demographer, has over 25 years of experience as a university professor, academic trainer, didactic manager, project planner, research coordinator, and scientific advisor, working with academia, think tanks, media, civil society, government and international stakeholders. With extensive international experience, his research interests lie in population geography, political demography, environmental geography and exogeography.
CURRENT MAIN POSITIONS
- National Scientific Qualification as Full Professor (2018)
Scientific Disciplinary Sector M-GGR/02 (Economic-Political Geography)
- Associate Professor
Teaching courses: "Economic-Political Geography", "Population and Migrations"
Department of Political Science, Law and Sociology, Niccolò Cusano University, Rome
- Adjunct Professor
Teaching courses: "Demography and Social Challenges", "Exogeography, Astropolitics and Space Economy", "Population, Environment and Sustainability"
Department of Political Science, LUISS-Guido Carli University, Rome
- Member of the Research Unit “Migration and Asylum”
Center for International and Strategic Studies, LUISS-Guido Carli University, Rome
- Member of the Scientific Committee
Ethos Observatory, LUISS Business School, Rome
- Member of the Scientific Committee
GREAL-Geographic Research and Application Laboratory, European University of Rome
- Member of the Scientific Committee
OCSM-Observatory on Cooperation and Security in the Mediterranean, University of Salerno
PREVIOUS MAIN POSITIONS
- 2009-2019: Head of the international relations
Italian Geographical Society, Rome
- 2008-2018: Didactic manager of the “Anna Lindh Chair of Euro-Mediterranean Studies”
University of Salerno
- 2010-2014: Adjunct Professor, Department of Science and Technology of Education
University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
- 2012: Scientific Reviewer
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Lisbon
- 2011: Special Advisor for the internationalisation of the research
University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
- 2008-2009: Project Designer, University of Salerno
Anna Lindh Foundation for the Dialogue between Cultures, Alexandria, Egypt
- 2004-2009: Scientific Associate
Institut d’Études Européennes, Université Libre de Bruxelles
- 2006-2008: Parliamentary Advisory to the Culture, Science and Education Committee
Italian Chamber of Deputies, Rome
- 2004: National expert of the Permanent Mission of Italy to the European Union
European Union Institute for Security Studies, Paris
- 2003-2005: Deputy Expert appointed by the Italian section of CEMR
Council of European Municipalities and Regions, Brussels
- 2003-2004: Scientific Assistant, Staff of the Counsellor for External Relations
Permanent Mission of Italy to the European Union, Brussels
- 2001-2002: Project Designer and Researcher, University of Salerno
AFSOUTH-Allied Forces Southern Europe/NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Naplesedit
The article investigates the development of food production in the Russian Federation, mainly considering the transition from a planned to a market economy. The period investigated is from the late 1980s to the present day. The scope of... more
The article investigates the development of food production in the Russian Federation, mainly considering the transition from a planned to a market economy. The period investigated is from the late 1980s to the present day. The scope of the inquiry is to assess the reasons for the food production crisis of the nineties and the subsequent recovery of the national food industry, which improved when Putin came to power. The research proceeds by examining the different approaches to food production adopted by the administrations of Gorbachev and Eltsin and, more recently, by Putin. It discusses, indeed, how the support provided by the State to the agro-food sector has evolved consistent with both national interests and geopolitical needs. In conclusion, the authors assess that the concept of self-sufficiency, also in terms of food production, has turned into a strategy for Russian Federation to preserve national security.
Research Interests:
The article aims at questioning if food can be used as a geopolitical tool, specifically with regard to those policies implemented by the Russian government against Ukraine. The authors intend to show the existence in the Russian... more
The article aims at questioning if food can be used as a geopolitical tool, specifically with regard to those policies implemented by the Russian government against Ukraine. The authors intend to show the existence in the Russian geopolitical tradition of a persistent factor, that is using food to pursuit national interests, as revealed dur- ing the study of the Soviet Union’s and the Russian Federation’s political history. Furthermore, the analysis enlightens how other international actors occur and influence the production, consumption and protection of the right to food, resulting in severe consequences on the international food supply governance. To this end, the ultimate goal of the authors is to shed a light on food security and how it represents a violated right internationally, due to the adoption of restrictive economic policies, which limit the access to the feeding of involved populations. Thus, despite the existence of inter- national agencies and organizations whose mission is population food security, this is still difficult to achieve, especially in the poorest regions of the world.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Le monde expérimente aujourd’hui la plus grande révolution démographique de l’histoire de l’humanité. Une révolution lente et souterraine qui aura des conséquences énormes tant pour la planète dans son ensemble que pour de nombreux pays... more
Le monde expérimente aujourd’hui la plus grande révolution démographique de l’histoire de l’humanité. Une révolution lente et souterraine qui aura des conséquences énormes tant pour la planète dans son ensemble que pour de nombreux pays pris séparément. Elle s’articule sur trois versants : accroissement de la population, longévité et déclin de la natalité. Les rythmes des processus géo-démographiques qui sont en train de changer les équilibres stratégiques, politiques et économiques dans les diférentes aires géographiques sont donc aussi d’une importance cruciale. Le système-monde à la Wallerstein, conçu avant tout en termes de critique marxiste du capitalisme, sera toujours plus con guré par les moteurs démographiques de long terme à l’intérieur des territoires et en mouvement entre les territoires de planète.
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The creation of the Schengen area has modified the political geography of migration with important implications from a variety of perspectives, all of which affect the migration management policies of EU member States as well as those of... more
The creation of the Schengen area has modified the political geography of migration with important implications from a variety of perspectives, all of which affect the migration management policies of EU member States as well as those of third countries. On the one hand, the Schengen area established the first supranational border in the history of Europe; on the other hand, it obliged a small group of countries (those bordering non-EU States) to monitor the new border, manage refugee flows and repatriate illegal migrants from third countries, despite often being unprepared to tackle the migration phenomenon. The policies implemented in both the Mediterranean and continental countries have revealed a lack of long-term vision in dealing with several migration related issues. Currently, the absence of a single EU migration policy, the egocentric approach of some non-Mediterranean European countries and the re-emergence of border walls characterize the context. Nevertheless, migration flows and terrorism in Europe represent significant opportunities to strengthen the common European area, rather than weakening it. Moreover, evidence suggests that such global phenomena are better addressed at a supranational level rather than on a national basis.
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Le migrazioni per cause ambientali, tra le quali rientrano quelle da crisi alimentari, diverranno una delle tipologie più frequenti nel prossimo futuro. Le persone, però, quando interrogate sulle loro motivazioni a migrare, tendono a... more
Le migrazioni per cause ambientali, tra le quali rientrano quelle da crisi
alimentari, diverranno una delle tipologie più frequenti nel prossimo
futuro. Le persone, però, quando interrogate sulle loro motivazioni a
migrare, tendono a spiegare la propria scelta in termini economici. In
realtà, i fattori principali che influiscono sulle condizioni che poi inducono
alla migrazione sono frequentemente legati al contesto ambientale.
Eppure il nesso crisi alimentari-migrazioni non è tra i più indagati.
Probabilmente perché, almeno nelle parti più fortunate del pianeta,
abbiamo dimenticato da tempo quello che, come essere umani, abbiamo
fatto in forme e modalità diverse per milioni di anni: cercare cibo.
alimentari, diverranno una delle tipologie più frequenti nel prossimo
futuro. Le persone, però, quando interrogate sulle loro motivazioni a
migrare, tendono a spiegare la propria scelta in termini economici. In
realtà, i fattori principali che influiscono sulle condizioni che poi inducono
alla migrazione sono frequentemente legati al contesto ambientale.
Eppure il nesso crisi alimentari-migrazioni non è tra i più indagati.
Probabilmente perché, almeno nelle parti più fortunate del pianeta,
abbiamo dimenticato da tempo quello che, come essere umani, abbiamo
fatto in forme e modalità diverse per milioni di anni: cercare cibo.
Research Interests:
Natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones regularly hit certain geographical areas. But over the last ten years their frequency, their intensity, their severity and damage products have increased sparing... more
Natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones regularly hit certain geographical areas. But over the last ten years their frequency, their intensity, their severity and damage products have increased sparing virtually no region of the world. One of the most important consequences of natural disasters, and at the same time not enough known, is probably the displacement that forces parts of stricken populations. A stream of people destined, according to some authors, to increase so that the number of "climate refugees" could elevate to a ten million next century. All this is perfectly true and alarming in the case of Bangladesh, one of the countries most vulnerable because of its geographical position and geophysical characteristics such as hydrology.
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The article intends to identify and explain possible geopolitical implications for the main energy actors of the new developments on global energy markets and the effect on their foreign policy. To this end, a comparative analysis is... more
The article intends to identify and explain possible geopolitical implications for the main energy actors of the new developments on global energy markets and the effect on their foreign policy. To this end, a comparative analysis is provided, including Russia, United States, China and Qatar case studies. Authors examine the international activity of these states with special focus on the process of power shifts between them, their possible alliances and emerging interdependencies. The findings consist of a set of indications regarding direction and strength of geopolitical implications for each country (strong, moderate, negative and positive), foreign policy preferences (enhancement of energy security, maintaining its current position on the energy market or empowering of the state based on controlling supplies or transit of energy resources) and foreign policy strategy (expansive or conservative and offensive or defensive).
Research Interests:
The last decades has been characterized by an increasing relevance of knowledge and innovation into the economic system, becoming two crucial factors in the global competition. Therefore, qualified human capital has turn to be an... more
The last decades has been characterized by an increasing relevance of knowledge and innovation into the economic system, becoming two crucial factors in the global competition. Therefore, qualified human capital has turn to be an essential strategic factor strongly needed by advanced and emerging economies. The paper focuses on the international competition for skilled professionals that have increased more and more during the years, bringing in the field new economic actors. In particular, the article investigates the rising importance of Brazil in the international talents’ competition, highlighting the current features of the local labour markets in the attempt to analyse the major elements of strength and weakness that characterizes the Brazilian scientific and economic system. To this end, the authors provide an analysis of the qualified migrants inflow and outflow, having the aim of a deeper comprehension of the attraction capability of Brazil.
Research Interests:
International migration represent a multifaceted phenomenon, composed and powered by environmental, social, economic and political factors, all intertwined. This complexity results in an increased categorization of migrants for... more
International migration represent a multifaceted phenomenon, composed and powered by environmental, social, economic and political factors, all intertwined. This complexity results in an increased categorization of migrants for employment, seasonal, skilled, political and environmental issues, all intended to increase in number and inten- sity. Although many of nowadays migrants are driven by several factors, in this article the author intends to deepen the latest categories of environmental migrants, concerning those people forced to flee from food crises. In this regard, the paper will attempt to shed a light on the relationship between food crises – especially those in which one of contributory causes have been fluctuations in food prices – and migration, both internal- ly and internationally. In addition, the author intends to examine the role played by migration in alleviating and supporting the difficulties of people affected by the food cri- sis. Indeed, it will be highlighted how transnational migration can represent a coping strategy against environmental and food crisis prevailing in a country and, at the same time, it will be analysed how migrants can help and sustain their families, and more generally food security, in specific geographical area, for example through remittances sent by migrant workers. To this end, two case studies concerning the Djibouti and Kyrgyzstan will be taken into exam, the first one as is affected by internally displaced people, the second due to international migrations occurring in the country.
Research Interests:
International migration is a historical phenomenon, which only recently has gained increasing importance, representing a focal point on the political agenda in most countries. One of the reasons is the deep transformation occurring in... more
International migration is a historical phenomenon, which only recently has gained increasing importance, representing a focal point on the political agenda in most countries. One of the reasons is the deep transformation occurring in last decades, both at global and local level, of the role played by its protagonists that are turning to be transnational agents. This is especially true for the skilled professionals, who migrate internationally. As a matter of fact, international human capital mobility is now regarded as “brain circulation” rather than “brain drain”: this new concept concerns individuals who maintain frequent and continued social, economic and political ties with their country of origin, exceeding thereby the territorial and cultural boundaries. In this scenario, China is one of the main sending countries of highly-skilled migrants, through which it can built economic and academic relations with other economic and technological advanced countries. Recently, Chinese policy makers have started to consider the brain drain phenomenon as an opportunity for the transmission of business and technological know-how, as well as tacit knowledge that is hard to find through official channels. This article intends to contribute to the scientific debate on the subject, highlighting the international relevance of the so-called Overseas Chinese Professionals (OCPs), investigating their spatial distribution and features. Besides, the paper will examine the emerging returning flow and the challenge that the country will have to cope with in the next future to impose itself as a innovative leading economy
Research Interests:
The last decades has been characterized at both global and local level by deep transformations of scientific-technological, political-cultural and socio-economical system. In this evolution knowledge and innovation have become two crucial... more
The last decades has been characterized at both global and local level by deep transformations of scientific-technological, political-cultural and socio-economical system. In this evolution knowledge and innovation have become two crucial factors in every economic system, requiring, therefore, qualified human capital. The paper focuses on the international competition for skilled professionals that has increased more and more during the years, bringing in the field new economic actors. In particular, the authors shed a light on the current features of the skilled migration geography in Europe, providing an atlas of the brain distribution and concentration throughout the Old Continent, having the aim of a deeper comprehension of the attraction capability of the Continent as a whole, but also of the single State analyzed individually. The collected data will represent the starting point to examine the policies undertaken by the European Union to improve its pull factors and, hence, its international competitiveness. ""
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According to demographic projections provided by the most qualified international institutions, France, with its total fertility rate, its number of births per year and its positive natural balance, should become, in 2050, the most... more
According to demographic projections provided by the most qualified international institutions, France, with its total fertility rate, its number of births per year and its positive natural balance, should become, in 2050, the most populous country in Europe. This perspective calls into question both the geopolitical primates (especially with respect to the eternal rival Germany) and the geoeconomic dynamics in the context of a European Union grappling with the process of globalization. "
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Based on the premise that international migration is a clearest mani- festation of globalization, this article aims to analyse in detail the phenomenon of skilled migration. Skilled migrants represent a worldwide group of people that,... more
Based on the premise that international migration is a clearest mani- festation of globalization, this article aims to analyse in detail the phenomenon of skilled migration. Skilled migrants represent a worldwide group of people that, while not big in number, is exponentially more influential than lower-skilled migrants, given his high rates of innovation and specialization. Within this frame- work, we decided to examine the case of India: a choice motivated by two main factors. The first is that the number of Indian migrants, and also skilled migrants, has been steadily increasing for several years. So much so that, on a global level, they are the second largest diaspora group, close behind the Chinese. The second reason for focusing on India, in some ways even more relevant, relates to something that is a first for the sub-continent: in the past few decades India has become a destination for significant flows of highly qualified migrants. What are the Indian government’s policies, past and present, for capitalising on this opportunity? Are the preferences of New Delhi more supportive of a brain return or do they favour capitalising on the political influence and economic relevance of its own diaspora? These are the main points this article will consider.
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In order to analyze the geopolitical change in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean, and the possible consequences for the Euro-Mediterranean relations, the article sheds light on the demographic change and on the geo-economic structure... more
In order to analyze the geopolitical change in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean, and the possible consequences for the Euro-Mediterranean relations, the article sheds light on the demographic change and on the geo-economic structure of the labor market of euro-mediterranean countries.
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Starting from the fact that the Iranian population consists of about two-thirds of young people under thirty years of age, and that this young population is on average more educated than the previous generations, this paper aimed to... more
Starting from the fact that the Iranian population consists of about two-thirds of young people under thirty years of age, and that this young population is on average more educated than the previous generations, this paper aimed to investigate the increasingly important potential role that young people can play in a considerable Middle-Eastern country located in a geopolitically fundamental area.
Research Interests:
The migration of people across national borders is an historical phenomenon, however, the increase in the numbers of international migrants over the years has made this issue one of the most relevant on the international scene. In... more
The migration of people across national borders is an historical phenomenon, however, the increase in the numbers of international migrants over the years has made this issue one of the most relevant on the international scene. In particular, the international mobility of the highly skilled, also known as “brain drain”, has taken on greater urgency. Indeed, brain drain rob mother countries of their brightest human capital, that prefer to go abroad to study. For many years, especially since 1978, China has been no exception to this phenomenon.
Since China’s economic opening and reform in 1978, the country has improved and deepened its cultural and educational exchanges and cooperation with other countries, which has increased the scale of Chinese students abroad. Indeed, it has been calculated that more than 930.000 students have chosen to study abroad between 1978 and 2005. Currently, the outflow of highly skilled Chinese students is mainly oriented towards USA, Europe, Japan, Canada and Australia. In these countries, Chinese students represent the highest percentage among the international students community.
This paper sheds light on the development of the Chinese brain drain phenomenon. It examines the Chinese overseas students population, analysing destinations, compositions, and trends of the flow. The paper also provides a comparison of data and features of the Chinese students in USA, Canada, Japan, Australia and European countries."
Since China’s economic opening and reform in 1978, the country has improved and deepened its cultural and educational exchanges and cooperation with other countries, which has increased the scale of Chinese students abroad. Indeed, it has been calculated that more than 930.000 students have chosen to study abroad between 1978 and 2005. Currently, the outflow of highly skilled Chinese students is mainly oriented towards USA, Europe, Japan, Canada and Australia. In these countries, Chinese students represent the highest percentage among the international students community.
This paper sheds light on the development of the Chinese brain drain phenomenon. It examines the Chinese overseas students population, analysing destinations, compositions, and trends of the flow. The paper also provides a comparison of data and features of the Chinese students in USA, Canada, Japan, Australia and European countries."
Research Interests:
Il Trattato di Roma del 1957, istitutivo della Comunità Economica Europea (CEE), nel dedicare la Parte Quarta all’Associazione dei Paesi e Territori d’Oltremare (PTOM), sanciva la creazione di uno stabile rapporto giuridico con questi... more
Il Trattato di Roma del 1957, istitutivo della Comunità Economica Europea (CEE), nel dedicare la Parte Quarta all’Associazione dei Paesi e Territori d’Oltremare (PTOM), sanciva la creazione di uno stabile rapporto giuridico con questi ultimi mediante la creazione di uno strumento finanziario di assistenza economica: il Fondo Europeo di Sviluppo (FES). Si preparavano così le condizioni, sulla base di un accord d’association octroyée, con i paesi in ritardo di sviluppo – in prevalenza territori ancora legati al passato coloniale della Francia, le colonie di Belgio, Olanda e le ex-colonie dell’Italia – per la futura politica europea di Cooperazione allo Sviluppo.
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The Russian ambition to exercise a continental hegemonic power -ambition never materialized- involves however the use of the "energy threat". In principle, this could mean that the cause of a major diplomatic row (for the definition of... more
The Russian ambition to exercise a continental hegemonic power -ambition never materialized- involves however the use of the "energy threat". In principle, this could mean that the cause of a major diplomatic row (for the definition of the modality in the distribution of hydrocarbons) could, however, become the basis on which to build a synergic collaboration between Russia and the EU. This could allow Brussels to reduce the risk of becoming an actor of minor importance, and to remain at the bargaining table with the United States and the emerging powers of the BRIC countries. ""
Research Interests:
China is one of the main regional sources of highly-skilled migrants, which, nowadays, are essential for the creation of links and relations between sending and receiving countries. Recently, Chinese policy makers have started to consider... more
China is one of the main regional sources of highly-skilled migrants, which, nowadays, are essential for the creation of links and relations between sending and receiving countries. Recently, Chinese policy makers have started to consider the brain drain phenomenon as an opportunity for the transmission of business and technological know-how, as well as tacit knowledge that is hard to find through official channels. According to this new perspective, the international flow of so-called Overseas Chinese Professionals (OCPs) could be acknowledged as “brain circulation” rather than “brain waste”: as a matter of fact, an increasingly consistent number of Chinese professionals and students return to China, temporarily in some cases and even permanently in others. The paper focuses on this emerging returning flow and on the improvement upon the Chinese economic system. In particular, it will highlight the experience of the OCPs in the Zhongguancun Science Park (the pioneer of Chinese Science Parks), taking into consideration strengths and weaknesses of the Park and the opportunity of development and innovation due to the OCPs working in Zhongguancun."
Research Interests:
The article examines the interplay between climate change, demographic dynamics, and environmental security, emphasizing the crucial role of geodemographic analysis in addressing climate and environmental challenges. It highlights how... more
The article examines the interplay between climate change, demographic dynamics, and environmental security, emphasizing the crucial role of geodemographic analysis in addressing climate and environmental challenges. It highlights how human activities in the Anthropocene era have exceeded planetary boundaries, particularly in climate change, biodiversity, and nitrogen flow, posing significant threats to environmental security. The paper discusses the importance of both mitigation and adaptation strategies in responding to climate change, with a focus on enhancing climate resilience, especially for vulnerable populations.
The study underscores the value of geographical and demographic data in formulating effective climate adaptation policies, noting that existing approaches have been predominantly reactive rather than preventive. It explores how demographic factors such as fertility, mortality, and migration influence vulnerability and resilience to climate change impacts. The article also engages with the debate on the relationship between global population growth and environmental degradation, critiquing simplistic Malthusian perspectives that blame population growth for ecological crises while overlooking consumption patterns and technological factors.
The article advocates for integrating geodemographic insights into adaptation planning to address the spatial and temporal aspects of population dynamics. This integration is seen as vital for anticipating future vulnerabilities and enhancing the capacity of societies to adapt to climate change. The article calls for a more people-centered approach in adaptation strategies, ensuring that the well-being and rights of vulnerable communities are prioritized within the limits of sustainable development.
The study underscores the value of geographical and demographic data in formulating effective climate adaptation policies, noting that existing approaches have been predominantly reactive rather than preventive. It explores how demographic factors such as fertility, mortality, and migration influence vulnerability and resilience to climate change impacts. The article also engages with the debate on the relationship between global population growth and environmental degradation, critiquing simplistic Malthusian perspectives that blame population growth for ecological crises while overlooking consumption patterns and technological factors.
The article advocates for integrating geodemographic insights into adaptation planning to address the spatial and temporal aspects of population dynamics. This integration is seen as vital for anticipating future vulnerabilities and enhancing the capacity of societies to adapt to climate change. The article calls for a more people-centered approach in adaptation strategies, ensuring that the well-being and rights of vulnerable communities are prioritized within the limits of sustainable development.
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Si può affermare che la competizione per i talenti più brillanti è diventata, ormai, globale. Merito non solo degli attori statuali, ma anche delle politiche adottate da altre entità pubbliche e private, ovvero, regioni, città e... more
Si può affermare che la competizione per i talenti più brillanti è diventata, ormai, globale. Merito non solo degli attori statuali, ma anche delle politiche adottate da altre entità pubbliche e private, ovvero, regioni, città e multinazionali. La necessità di accrescere la quantità e qualità di capitale umano sta spingendo un numero crescente di Paesi nel cercare di attrarre le menti più brillanti e poter trarre vantaggio dalle loro capacità innovative e gestionali. L’emergere nello scacchiere internazionale di nuovi attori particolarmente allettanti per la comunità internazionale di professionisti qualificati, sta rendendo le dinamiche migratorie sempre più complesse e difficili da prevedere.
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Ciò che in questo contributo si è tentato di analizzare è in particolare l’impatto derivante per l’Italia dai sostanziali cambiamenti nelle quote percentuali di popolazione attiva sulla performance economica, confrontando la situazione... more
Ciò che in questo contributo si è tentato di analizzare è in particolare l’impatto derivante per l’Italia dai sostanziali cambiamenti nelle quote percentuali di popolazione attiva sulla performance economica, confrontando la situazione demografica del passato con quella di oggi e possibilmente del futuro. Negli ultimi trent’anni anni e stando alle simulazioni per il prossimo cinquantennio i dati e le previsioni nazionali fanno prefigurare, così come per la maggior parte dei paesi occidentali, una dinamica sfavorevole nella composizione per fasce di età, con una riduzione della quota di popolazione attiva – derivante in particolare dal calo delle nascite – ed effetti negativi sulla crescita economica nelle sue diverse componenti. La relazione che può instaurarsi tra variabili demografiche e sistema economico è, di fatto, di grande urgenza anche se tuttora non popolare nel dibattito pubblico per le scelte di lungo periodo che imporrebbe e, dunque, spesso purtroppo sottostimata nelle opzioni di policy a causa della scarsa rendita in termini elettorali.
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Questo contributo ha illustrato come i fattori ambientali incidano sui flussi migratori che, diretti principalmente verso l’Europa, attraversano il Mediterraneo. Ha innanzi tutto evidenziato la natura multi-causale dei conflitti e... more
Questo contributo ha illustrato come i fattori ambientali incidano sui flussi migratori che, diretti principalmente verso l’Europa, attraversano il Mediterraneo. Ha innanzi tutto evidenziato la natura multi-causale dei conflitti e l’impatto dei cambiamenti climatici sulle condizioni ambientali, sociali ed economiche, con gli annessi risvolti relativi alla sicurezza umana. In secondo luogo, ha analizzato le dinamiche migratorie con una speciale attenzione al bacino del Mediterraneo, che si caratterizza per importanti mutamenti climatici, insieme a una forte pressione migratoria proveniente dai paesi limitrofi, soprattutto quelli dell’Africa sub-sahariana. Infine, ha esaminato il contesto di policy, ripercorrendo le principali opzioni di politiche esistenti a livello globale, nazionale ed europeo.
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La definizione e la gestione del limes europeo hanno storicamente costituito un esercizio geopoliticamente complesso. Lo scenario di riferimento nell’ultimo decennio è stato sicuramente rappresentato dalla frontiera euro-mediterranea... more
La definizione e la gestione del limes europeo hanno storicamente costituito un esercizio geopoliticamente complesso. Lo scenario di riferimento nell’ultimo decennio è stato sicuramente rappresentato dalla frontiera euro-mediterranea messa sotto pressione dalle ripetute cosiddette “emergenze migratorie”. Una geopolitica frontaliera imperniata, in particolare, sul ruolo dei paesi situati nei punti geograficamente più favorevoli per l’attraversamento confinario. È difficile valutare in quale misura le ricorrenti crisi migratorie siano da imputarsi a fattori esogeni come Stati falliti, conflitti militari e civili, crolli economici, disastri ambientali, o endogeni quali controllo delle frontiere, gestione dei flussi, politiche d’integrazione, economie ristagnanti dei paesi di accoglienza. Certamente l’aumento dei flussi registrato negli ultimi anni ha carattere “eccezionale” rispetto alla media degli arrivi nel decennio precedente, ma occorre chiedersi se esso sia tale da motivare la sequenza di azioni unilaterali di rafforzamento dei controlli ai confini nazionali intraprese negli ultimi mesi da numerosi paesi europei. In altre parole, vi è da chiedersi se l’attuale impasse geopolitica alle periferie mediterranee dell’Europa dipenda da una “crisi delle politiche” piuttosto che solo da una crisi migratoria in senso stretto.
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Nell’ambito dell’interdisciplinarità tra Law & Geography, è emerso negli ultimi vent’anni il cosiddetto Spatial Turn. Con la “svolta spaziale” nella riflessione concettuale giuridica, questioni attinenti alle relazioni con lo spazio ed... more
Nell’ambito dell’interdisciplinarità tra Law & Geography, è emerso negli ultimi vent’anni il cosiddetto Spatial Turn. Con la “svolta spaziale” nella riflessione concettuale giuridica, questioni attinenti alle relazioni con lo spazio ed elaborazione giuridica si connettono grazie agli studi sul rapporto tra soggetto e territorio. Studi testimonianti l’accresciuto interesse per la spazialità, che costituisce concetto centrale per il pensiero geografico.
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The definition and management of European frontiers has historically been a complex exercise in geopolitical terms. Certainly, the main scenario over the last decade has been one in which the Euro-Mediterranean frontier has been subjected... more
The definition and management of European frontiers has historically been a complex exercise in geopolitical terms. Certainly, the main scenario over the last decade has been one in which the Euro-Mediterranean frontier has been subjected to pressure from repeated so-called “migration emergencies”. The increase in migration flows over recent years is certainly quite exceptional when compared to the average rate of arrivals during the previous decade, but one can- not help but question whether it is so exceptional as to justify the sequence of unilateral actions to reinforce national border controls carried out by several European countries in recent months. In other words, the question is whether the present geopolitical impasse on the Mediterranean borders of Europe is simply a migration crisis in the narrowest sense or whether it is a result of a “crisis of policy”.
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This paper aims to examine the effects of the global crisis on the migration phenomena in Europe, with the disconnection between the financial sector and the real economy and their territorial interconnection as a starting point. In... more
This paper aims to examine the effects of the global crisis on the migration phenomena in Europe, with the disconnection between the financial sector and the real economy and their territorial interconnection as a starting point. In particular, the analysis will try to understand the implications of the crisis – which are primarily economic but obviously with social repercussions – on some of the different facets of migration, including: inflows and outflows; remittance dynamics; attitude of the migrants towards entrepreneurship; structure of labour markets; welfare conditions of immigrant families; etc. Similarly, the author's intent is to verify the policy responses put in place by government bodies, as well as the resilience strategies of communities and families. Understanding the systematic links among the different manifestations of the crisis is of fundamental importance in order to shape sound policy responses for the economic recovery and sustainable development of communities and territories.
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The article explores the significant demographic changes occurring within the European Union (EU) and their implications for economic development and policy. It highlights the critical role of demographic data in shaping socio-economic... more
The article explores the significant demographic changes occurring within the European Union (EU) and their implications for economic development and policy. It highlights the critical role of demographic data in shaping socio-economic and geopolitical contexts, although it argues against the notion that demography alone determines economic outcomes. The paper discusses the global demographic shifts characterized by population growth, changes in fertility and mortality rates, and the resultant aging of populations.
The study emphasizes that while global population growth has slowed, the distribution of populations is changing, with Asia maintaining a dominant share. It also examines the aging population in Europe, where longer life expectancies and declining birth rates lead to an increased proportion of elderly individuals. This demographic trend poses challenges for economic performance and public spending, particularly concerning pensions and healthcare.
The article argues that the EU must strategically manage migration to counterbalance the declining working-age population and leverage the potential of the emerging 'silver economy.' The paper concludes by asserting the need for innovative policies and institutional changes to address these demographic challenges, emphasizing that the EU can serve as a laboratory for understanding and managing demographic transitions.
The study emphasizes that while global population growth has slowed, the distribution of populations is changing, with Asia maintaining a dominant share. It also examines the aging population in Europe, where longer life expectancies and declining birth rates lead to an increased proportion of elderly individuals. This demographic trend poses challenges for economic performance and public spending, particularly concerning pensions and healthcare.
The article argues that the EU must strategically manage migration to counterbalance the declining working-age population and leverage the potential of the emerging 'silver economy.' The paper concludes by asserting the need for innovative policies and institutional changes to address these demographic challenges, emphasizing that the EU can serve as a laboratory for understanding and managing demographic transitions.
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Quanto il progresso scientifico-tecnologico e la crescita economica abbiano influito sull’assetto demografico di Paesi e aree geografiche, è stato larga- mente dimostrato: l’attuale aspettativa di vita non sarebbe stata possibile senza le... more
Quanto il progresso scientifico-tecnologico e la crescita economica abbiano influito sull’assetto demografico di Paesi e aree geografiche, è stato larga- mente dimostrato: l’attuale aspettativa di vita non sarebbe stata possibile senza le innovazioni determinate dalla Rivoluzione industriale, e parimenti la riduzione della fertilità, in special modo quella indesiderata, è stata favorita dagli sviluppi medico-tecnologici, ma soprattutto dalle profonde trasformazioni avutesi nell’organizzazione socioeconomica e nel ruolo femminile. Meno semplice è invece discutere del peso che le dinamiche demografiche possono rivestire per la competitività economica e per la rilevanza geopolitica di un Paese.
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The article investigates the role played by the youth bulge in the turbulence of the Mediterranean region over recent years. The theory predicts that the combination of a very young population structure (at least 30% belongs to the 15–29... more
The article investigates the role played by the youth bulge in the turbulence of the Mediterranean region over recent years. The theory predicts that the combination of a very young population structure (at least 30% belongs to the 15–29 age bracket, or at least 20% is in the 15–25 age bracket), and a precarious socio-economic situation in a country can lead to riots, civil wars, enlistment in terrorist organizations and migration. According to some studies, 80% of conflicts in the world take place in contexts that are characterized by youth bulges. After an overview of the literature and some historical examples, the article focuses empirically on the Mediterranean region, showing that many of the countries in the study have experienced a youth bulge that can be associated with geopolitical risk. The analysis was carried out specifically in the years preceding the Arab Uprisings. The conclusions stress the particular importance of human capital for security and stability, and of demographic projections for future geopolitical interpretation.
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Le politiche migratorie in Europa si trovano in mezzo a un guado: a metà via tra le competenze che spettano ai rispettivi Stati membri e quelle che fanno capo alle Istituzioni europee. Un groviglio di difficile soluzione che ha avuto ed... more
Le politiche migratorie in Europa si trovano in mezzo a un guado: a metà via tra le competenze che spettano ai rispettivi Stati membri e quelle che fanno capo alle Istituzioni europee. Un groviglio di difficile soluzione che ha avuto ed ha pesanti conseguenze su due fondamentali aspetti: il controllo delle frontiere esterne europee e, dunque, dei flussi migratori irregolari, e le modalità di accoglienza dei richiedenti protezione internazionale.
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Lo scopo di questo contributo è individuare il legame esistente tra le dinamiche della popolazione turca e i processi di sviluppo territoriale del paese, con particolare riguardo al ruolo che il capitale umano può svolgere in questo... more
Lo scopo di questo contributo è individuare il legame esistente tra le dinamiche della popolazione turca e i processi di sviluppo territoriale del paese, con particolare riguardo al ruolo che il capitale umano può svolgere in questo quadro e nelle relazioni euro-mediterranee. Si cercherà, quindi, di analizzare le politiche messe in atto da parte di Ankara alla luce della favorevole finestra demografica che il paese sta vivendo. Le politiche volte alla valorizzazione del capitale umano, soprattutto giovanile, si riveleranno, infatti, di fondamentale importanza sia per affrontare le conseguenze socio-economiche che deriveranno dal cambiamento strutturale della popolazione turca negli anni a venire, sia per sostenere le ambizioni geopolitiche e geoeconomiche che la Turchia ripone nello spazio euro-mediterraneo.
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Scopo di questo contributo è indagare il complesso rapporto, non sempre di immediata evidenza se non nel lungo termine, tra dinamiche demografiche, scelte di investimento e sostenibilità delle politiche per la popolazione in Italia.... more
Scopo di questo contributo è indagare il complesso rapporto, non sempre di immediata evidenza se non nel lungo termine, tra dinamiche demografiche, scelte di investimento e sostenibilità delle politiche per la popolazione in Italia. Rapporto che va necessariamente collocato nel quadro della globalizzazione. Dopo aver brevemente tratteggiato la parabola dello sviluppo italiano dal dopoguerra a oggi, si passerà a esaminare le scelte pubbliche compiute negli ultimi decenni alla luce di un principio di equità intergenerazionale. La profonda trasformazione della società italiana avvenuta in campo politico-culturale, scientifico-tecnologico e socio-economico nel passaggio dagli anni del miracolo economico a quelli del declino può spiegarsi, certo con la presenza di altre variabili, con il radicale cambiamento verificatosi nella struttura della sua popolazione, fortemente invecchiatasi, e con le scelte di investimento generazionale compiute. In considerazione delle proiezioni demografiche dei prossimi decenni per la popolazione italiana, l’autore tenta nelle conclusioni di individuare quegli improcrastinabili investimenti, frutto anche di una rinnovata consapevolezza, in assenza dei quali il declino del Paese potrebbe rivelarsi irreversibile. Investimenti e cambiamenti resi tanto più necessari da un mondo sempre più globalizzato e in continuo veloce cambiamento.
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Questo primo numero del 2013 del Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana accoglie, in forma monografica, i saggi presentati nel corso di uno degli appuntamenti organizzati a Roma, in particolare presso la sede della Società... more
Questo primo numero del 2013 del Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana accoglie, in forma monografica, i saggi presentati nel corso di uno degli appuntamenti organizzati a Roma, in particolare presso la sede della Società Geografica Italiana, in occasione del World Food Day 2011.
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The volume contains the contributions provided by specialized international speakers in occasion of a restricted round table on "Eritrea-Italy. Political, Economic and Cultural Scenario". The seminar has been organized by the Italian... more
The volume contains the contributions provided by specialized international speakers in occasion of a restricted round table on "Eritrea-Italy. Political, Economic and Cultural Scenario". The seminar has been organized by the Italian Geographical Society with the support of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in collaboration with the Embassy of the Eritrean State. More specifically, the international seminar aimed to examine and discuss two topics: "Eritrea in the political and economic geography of the Horn of Africa", and "Italo-Eritreans cultural ties: the prospects of reviving a common heritage". The volume ends with the "policy recommendations" that has been disseminated among stakeholders.
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This contribution aims at describing how – once the evident connection among water, culture and landscape has been enlightened – the fresh water availability, use and realizations can contribute decisively in shaping the cultural... more
This contribution aims at describing how – once the evident connection among water, culture and landscape has been enlightened – the fresh water availability, use and realizations can contribute decisively in shaping the cultural landscapes of the countries in the Mediterranean basin. The analysis has been conducted on the basis of some phenomena, which strongly interact with both the hydrological cycle and the several use modalities of water and, as a matter of fact, influence the configuration of the Mediterranean landscapes. In real terms, this paper regards: a factor that affect water availability such as climate change; the demographic-migratory as- pect which influences, because of the increase of population, water consumption – this latter is, in addition, strongly linked to the migratory movements (that, incidentally, arise from further causes); and one more element, the urbanization process that, besides being an important factor of landscapes transformation in the Mediterranean costs, it depends on water resources, representing the biggest pressure on the hydrological system due to its nu- merous use which the economic development requires. In other words, the scope of this paper is to give a global vision of the consequences resulting from the interaction of these factors, analyzing the leading role played by water in modifying the Mediterranean cultural landscapes. A reference is provided to the geopolitical conflicts arisen from the competi- tion for water control, the so called «hydro-geopolitics». The final part of the paper is, hence, focused on some policy suggestions concerning the sustainability of the use of a re- source, the water, that is not only a central element in the physical and perceptive con- struction of the cultural landscape, but has become, and it will be more and more, crucial not only for the population of the Euro-Mediterranean area, but for the entire mankind.
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La feconda stagione di rinnovata attenzione al tema del paesaggio che la geografia italiana sta vivendo deve molto alla continua azione di impulso esercitata dalla Società Geografica Italiana. Un'azione che, avviata con vigore in... more
La feconda stagione di rinnovata attenzione al tema del paesaggio che la geografia italiana sta vivendo deve molto alla continua azione di impulso esercitata dalla Società Geografica Italiana. Un'azione che, avviata con vigore in occasione della Conferenza Nazionale sul Paesaggio, celebrata anni addietro per iniziativa del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, è proseguita con costante volontà di sollecitare la riscoperta di uno dei cardini della ricerca geografica attraverso il rinnovamento metodologico e l'arricchimento del suo stesso concetto di paesaggio.
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Mentre l'umanità guarda alle stelle come prossima frontiera da raggiungere, il pianeta è ancora scosso da dispute e conflitti legati al territorio e al suo possesso. In molti sono disposti a tutto pur di attraversare un confine, mentre... more
Mentre l'umanità guarda alle stelle come prossima frontiera da raggiungere, il pianeta è ancora scosso da dispute e conflitti legati al territorio e al suo possesso. In molti sono disposti a tutto pur di attraversare un confine, mentre altri desiderano chiudere le frontiere. Come è nata e si è trasformata la delimitazione dello spazio ad uso politico? In quale modo le carte geografiche influenzano la nostra visione della realtà? Come è possibile conciliare la necessità di fissare limiti con le dinamiche di un mondo in continua evoluzione?
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Gli esseri umani hanno le gambe: per questo, da sempre, si sono spostati, a volte per migliaia di chilometri, in fuga da qualcosa o guidati dal desiderio di scoperta, per allontanarsi o per avvicinarsi, per conoscere o per dimenticare. La... more
Gli esseri umani hanno le gambe: per questo, da sempre, si sono spostati, a volte per migliaia di chilometri, in fuga da qualcosa o guidati dal desiderio di scoperta, per allontanarsi o per avvicinarsi, per conoscere o per dimenticare. La capacità di "migrare", oltre a quella di accrescersi demograficamente, ha permesso loro di insediarsi poco a poco in gran parte del pianeta. La vicenda migratoria coinvolge una pluralità di aspetti, i cui risvolti sono spesso poco noti e le statistiche spesso non aiutano a comprenderne le implicazioni. Questa piccola introduzione prende le mosse dalla storia del fenomeno e ne analizza gli aspetti geopolitici, rispondendo a domande solo all'apparenza banali e dai risvolti talvolta sorprendenti: chi sono i "migranti" e perché intraprendono il loro viaggio? Dove e come vengono accolti? Il loro arrivo è un costo o un beneficio per il paese ospitante, e in che misura? Una guida per capire che cosa sono i movimenti di popolazione e cosa hanno significato e significano ancora oggi.
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Nonostante le innovazioni tecnologiche e gli imponenti sviluppi nel set- tore dei trasporti, il mare continua a essere un ambiente naturale e a rappresentare una risorsa strategica, nel quale e con la quale le potenze mondiali devono... more
Nonostante le innovazioni tecnologiche e gli imponenti sviluppi nel set- tore dei trasporti, il mare continua a essere un ambiente naturale e a rappresentare una risorsa strategica, nel quale e con la quale le potenze mondiali devono continuamente confrontarsi. I traffici marittimi costituiscono, infatti, una componente fondamentale per la geopolitica di potenza, l’economia mondiale e la sicurezza internazionale.
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Acceso de usuarios registrados. Acceso de usuarios registrados Usuario Contraseña. ...
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ABSTRACT "BANGLADESH AT RISK BETWEEN VULNERABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MIGRATION" Natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones regularly hit certain geographical areas. But over the last ten years... more
ABSTRACT "BANGLADESH AT RISK BETWEEN VULNERABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MIGRATION" Natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones regularly hit certain geographical areas. But over the last ten years their frequency, their intensity, their severity and damage products have increased sparing virtually no region of the world. One of the most important consequences of natural disasters, and at the same time not enough known, is probably the displacement that forces parts of stricken populations. A stream of people destined, according to some authors, to increase so that the number of "climate refugees" could elevate to a ten million next century. All this is perfectly true and alarming in the case of Bangladesh, one of the countries most vulnerable because of its geographical position and geophysical characteristics such as hydrology.
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Appare evidente come i movimenti migratori alle frontiere dell’Europa non abbiano ragione di arrestarsi nel prossimo futuro, ma anche che la gestione di questi movimenti e delle loro conseguenze politiche, sociali ed economiche, debba... more
Appare evidente come i movimenti migratori alle frontiere dell’Europa non abbiano ragione di arrestarsi nel prossimo futuro, ma anche che la gestione di questi movimenti e delle loro conseguenze politiche, sociali ed economiche, debba essere necessariamente europea. Occorre una nuova e più forte consapevolezza da parte di tutti gli Stati europei volta a superare gli egoismi nazionali al fine di continuare a garantire quel complesso di valori, acquisiti grazie anche al processo di integrazione europea, come pace, democrazia, diritti dell’uomo, Stato di diritto, libertà e mobilità
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Oggi come allora, il racconto sul disastro di Chernobyl si sviluppa necessariamente su più dimensioni: quella scientifica, che affronta questioni come il fallimentare design del reattore e le conseguenze del disastro, e quelle politica e... more
Oggi come allora, il racconto sul disastro di Chernobyl si sviluppa necessariamente su più dimensioni: quella scientifica, che affronta questioni come il fallimentare design del reattore e le conseguenze del disastro, e quelle politica e mediatica, dalle quali non può, però, essere separata. La miniserie, infatti, mostra il rapporto tra potere e (dis)informazione nei confronti del pubblico ed è stata trasmessa in un momento storico in cui la cronaca di quella notte e i successivi sviluppi hanno una eco simbolica nella nostra quotidianità.
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“Ogni migrazione provoca conflitti, indipendentemente dalle cause che l’hanno determinata, dagli scopi che si prefigge, dal fatto che sia spontanea o coatta, dalle dimensioni che assume”. Bisognerebbe, forse, partire da queste parole... more
“Ogni migrazione provoca conflitti, indipendentemente dalle cause che l’hanno determinata, dagli scopi che si prefigge, dal fatto che sia spontanea o coatta, dalle dimensioni che assume”. Bisognerebbe, forse, partire da queste parole nelle prime memorabili pagine de La Grande Migrazione di Hans Magnus Enzensberger, per analizzare lo scossone geopolitico ed elettorale che, negli ultimi mesi, l’immigrazione ha provocato in Italia, un paese che è stato a lungo terra di partenze e non di arrivi.
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Complice il dirompente effetto del cambio climatico, le condizioni ambientali hanno guadagnato negli ultimi decenni una particolare attenzione nell’ambito del fenomeno migratorio. Tra i fattori che contribuiscono alla generazione di... more
Complice il dirompente effetto del cambio climatico, le condizioni ambientali hanno guadagnato negli ultimi decenni una particolare attenzione nell’ambito del fenomeno migratorio. Tra i fattori che contribuiscono alla generazione di flussi migratori, infatti, i mutamenti graduali di forza e frequenza delle precipitazioni, delle temperature e degli equilibri eco-sistemici rivestono ormai un ruolo di primo piano.
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Mentre l’immigrazione si globalizza, le politiche che la governano sono sempre più nazionali. Una verità confermata dal recente scontro tra l’Italia e il resto dell’UE sulle sorti degli immigrati salvati dalla nave Aquarius di proprietà... more
Mentre l’immigrazione si globalizza, le politiche che la governano sono sempre più nazionali. Una verità confermata dal recente scontro tra l’Italia e il resto dell’UE sulle sorti degli immigrati salvati dalla nave Aquarius di proprietà della Ong Sos Mediterranée. Al netto della cronaca, ormai ai più arcinota, è forse utile sottolineare la valenza geopolitica di una querelle che, oltre a dividere e contrapporre buona parte degli Stati europei, ha messo in tutta evidenza le contraddizioni della perseveranza nella gestione nazionale di un fenomeno globale.