Gyorgyi Nyikos
University of Public Service, Institute of Public Finance, Faculty Member
- EU cohesion policy and public finance expert, lawyer and economistedit
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IgenA kiadvány a K ÖFOP -2.1.2-VEKOP -15-2016-00001 „A jó kormányzást megalapozó közszolgálat-fejlesztés” című projekt keretében került kiadásra.Készült "A fejlesztéspolitikai kapacitások erősítése" alprojekt... more
IgenA kiadvány a K ÖFOP -2.1.2-VEKOP -15-2016-00001 „A jó kormányzást megalapozó közszolgálat-fejlesztés” című projekt keretében került kiadásra.Készült "A fejlesztéspolitikai kapacitások erősítése" alprojekt keretében.Rövidítések jegyz.: p. 529-531.Bibliogr.: p. 521-529. és a lábjegyzetekben.NemKÖFOP -2.1.2-VEKOP -15-2016-0000
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Az ÁROP-2.2.19-2013-2013-0001 Elektronikus képzési és távoktatási anyagok készítése című projekt keretében készült el.Bibliogr.: 21. p. és a lábjegyzetekbenNemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem. Budapest, Vezető- és Továbbképzési Intéze
The study uses a comparative case study approach to analyze contrasts and similarities of capital infrastructure management at the national level in Hungary, Germany, and the USA. Public investment has decreased in Germany and the USA... more
The study uses a comparative case study approach to analyze contrasts and similarities of capital infrastructure management at the national level in Hungary, Germany, and the USA. Public investment has decreased in Germany and the USA while Hungary has benefited from significant public investments financed by EU funds over the past 15 years. Ageing infrastructure and public infrastructure maintenance has been found to be the weakest area in all three countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated existing challenges in underinvestment in public infrastructure. Political support for capital infrastructure project could be more important than cost-benefit estimates in the USA and Hungary. These study findings show that there has been an increased need to institutionalize recommended practices in capital infrastructure management at national levels of government, in particular during COVID-19 crisis. The countries have a unique opportunity to reinvest in capital infrastructure and jumpstart countries’ economy during COVID-19 crisis. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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Purpose: The paper explains critical changes to investment funding occurred over the past fifteen years in the European Union and explores the added value that National Development Banks create for sustainable finance. The delivery of the... more
Purpose: The paper explains critical changes to investment funding occurred over the past fifteen years in the European Union and explores the added value that National Development Banks create for sustainable finance. The delivery of the European Green Deal and the recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic require an unprecedented scale of resources. The need to adopt a new sustainable investment approach and adjust the operation of the financial system has become inevitable. Existing research has underlined the role national development banks play in counter-cyclical measures and promotion of the government’s public policy goals. However, their standing in the sustainable finance landscape has enjoyed less attention so far. The paper, therefore, looks at how the remit of the Banks has evolved and assesses their progress and further development needs in relation to promoting sustainable finance. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research has followed a two-phase design. The first phase...
Hungary has established a specific control system for public procurements funded from EU funds. The necessity to conform to the requirements of the control body as well as public procurement legislation often causes delays and affects the... more
Hungary has established a specific control system for public procurements funded from EU funds. The necessity to conform to the requirements of the control body as well as public procurement legislation often causes delays and affects the decisions of public authorities. The aim of the article is to show how the controls related to EU funded public procurements work in Hungary and to see how it might affect public authorities. The article introduces the features of the system and provides an analysis of data from the relevant bodies to see the challenges related to the control system. The results show that even though there seems to be some positive impact on the regularity of procedures, the delays and the interference in the decisions of contracting authorities is problematic. It would be advisable to streamline the control process such as through checks based on samples or focusing on the riskiest pro
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2020Az uniós források felhasználásának mikéntje, az általuk megvalósuló fejlesztések mindenkit érintenek. Egyrészt fontos, hogy a gazdasági fejlődést, innovációt és hatékonyságnövelést segítsék elő, másrészt a közszolgáltatások iránti... more
2020Az uniós források felhasználásának mikéntje, az általuk megvalósuló fejlesztések mindenkit érintenek. Egyrészt fontos, hogy a gazdasági fejlődést, innovációt és hatékonyságnövelést segítsék elő, másrészt a közszolgáltatások iránti szükségleteink kielégítését is ezen fejlesztések biztosítják. A beruházásokat elsősorban gazdasági és állami szereplőktől várjuk; az ő tevékenységüket – főként a jelenlegi nehéz gazdasági és pénzügyi helyzetben – jelentősen segíti az elmaradottabb térségekben az Európai Unió kohéziós politikája. Egy fejlesztési projekt eredményes megvalósítása önmagában sem egyszerű feladat. Az EU-forrásból támogatott projektek esetében ráadásul bonyolult feltételrendszer biztosítja, hogy az európai adófizetők pénzét hatékonyan használják fel a jogosultak. Az uniós elvek és célkitűzések ismeretében, a beavatkozási logika alapján megismerhető a struktúra és a végrehajtási eljárás, így pedig – jó fejlesztési elképzelések birtokában – eredményesen valósíthatók meg a beruházások. A könyv célja, hogy megismertesse az olvasóval a kohéziós politika rendszerét, és gyakorlati ismereteket adjon a fejlesztési projektek megvalósításához.
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Purpose: Recognising the swift and negative impact of COVID-19 on innovation, entrepreneurial behaviour, and small and medium enterprises' (SME) performance, the authors examine the situation and prospects of Hungarian companies and... more
Purpose: Recognising the swift and negative impact of COVID-19 on innovation, entrepreneurial behaviour, and small and medium enterprises' (SME) performance, the authors examine the situation and prospects of Hungarian companies and evaluate entrepreneurial resilience and firm performance, with a specific focus on subsidised firms. Design/methodology/approach: Data from two surveys are used. This is a combined dataset of the database of Hungarian companies required to use the double entry bookkeeping system, and the integrated monitoring database, established by the MIT to cover financial assistance from both the European Union and national budgets. The analyses use the propensity score matching method. The ultimate goal of the study is to show the micro-level effects of the COVID-19 crisis on entrepreneurs, with special focus on previously received financial assistance by a firm, its geographical location (based on NUTS1 level 2 regions and urban development zones2), industry (...
Research Interests: Business, Geography, Economics, Development Economics, Economic Geography, and 15 moreSocial Sciences, Resilience, Business Economics, Resilience (Sustainability), Regional economic development, Economic Impact Analysis, Regional Planning Development, Economic Impact, Financial and Economic Crisis, SMEs performance, Financial Geography, Resilience in Crises and Disasters, Regional Statistics, Coronavirus COVID-19, and CoVid
A tőkealapok magán- vagy közpénzekből valósítanak meg megtérülő befektetéseket, így alkalmazásuk olyan gazdaságfejlesztést eredményez, amely a támogatásnál nagyobb hatékonyságot és hosszabb távú fenntarthatóságot biztosít a közpénzek... more
A tőkealapok magán- vagy közpénzekből valósítanak meg megtérülő befektetéseket, így alkalmazásuk olyan gazdaságfejlesztést eredményez, amely a támogatásnál nagyobb hatékonyságot és hosszabb távú fenntarthatóságot biztosít a közpénzek felhasználásában. Jelen tanulmány elemzi a tőkebefektetésekkel, így különösen a közpénzek felhasználásával működő alapok alkalmazásával kapcsolatos magyar gyakorlatot, mind az empirikus bizonyítékok vizsgálatával, mind pedig azon kérdés megválaszolásával, hogy milyen előnyei és hátrányai vannak ezen eszközöknek, ezek hatékonyak és hasznosak-e vagy sem. A tanulmány két fő célja: egyrészről a jogszabályok és a magyar tőkealapok felhasználásával kapcsolatos eltérő megközelítésének elemzése, másrészről ezek felállításához és működtetéséhez kapcsolódó gyakorlati tapasztalatok, problémák és azok megoldásainak vizsgálata.
Research Interests: Real Estate, Economics, Econometrics, Social Sciences, Spatial Analysis, and 15 moreSustainable Development, Spatial econometrics, Urbanism, Regional development, Spatial Statistics, Environmental Sustainability, Urban And Regional Planning, Metro and Subway Systems, City planning, City and Regional Planning, Spatial planning, Hungary, Public infrastructures, Sustainability, and Regional Statistics
To enhance the effectiveness of and return on public investments, using financial instruments in addition to grants has lately become an increasingly preferred policy instrument choice in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper examines the... more
To enhance the effectiveness of and return on public investments, using financial instruments in addition to grants has lately become an increasingly preferred policy instrument choice in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper examines the impact different financial tools bring about at a micro-level. This enables recommendations for policy-makers to be produced on the type of assistance that could be of best use to improve access to finance for micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises, and thus achieve long-term, sustainable economic growth. The analysis is based on counterfactual evaluation and difference-in-differences. The findings indicate that the use of European Union funds (both grants and financial instruments) has a beneficial influence on employment and sales. However, the results also illustrate that in order to achieve the goal of higher impact and certain productivity effects, subsidies should be allocated to the initially less productive small firms in the less devel...
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The long term EU budget for the 2021–2027 programming period and the utilisation system of the EU Funds are formed in crossfires of professional and political debates. Due to the new situation caused by COVID, the ‘usual’ complex... more
The long term EU budget for the 2021–2027 programming period and the utilisation system of the EU Funds are formed in crossfires of professional and political debates. Due to the new situation caused by COVID, the ‘usual’ complex political and professional conciliation and legislative process has been extended by additional elements, as it is also the task of the current period to develop the necessary tools to be able to solve the crisis. The different programs and instruments should be implemented along diversified rules, but within one coherent system. The long term financial budget, new instruments and the utilisation of resources are still under finalisation, and there was a significant political debate about the condition of constitutionality. In addition to the already defined main directions, there are still several open questions and uncertainties. However, planning preparations are underway, and with the help of emerging tools, they will enable the execution...
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The practical relevance of the topic is derived from the Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe which promotes the interconnection of public portals to elevate the added value of the digitisation of public services. The interconnection... more
The practical relevance of the topic is derived from the Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe which promotes the interconnection of public portals to elevate the added value of the digitisation of public services. The interconnection of portals and electronic registers can notably facilitate the reduction of administrative burdens, foment the creation of new digital services and contribute to the creation of the Digital State. Nonetheless, there has been little research on how it works in practice and on its impact on the efficiency of public financial management.
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A Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem és a Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem együttműködésének egyik eredménye Az okos város (Smart City) szakkönyv, amely az azonos című továbbképzés kiforrott tananyagára épül. A könyv szerzői a... more
A Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem és a Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem együttműködésének egyik eredménye Az okos város (Smart City) szakkönyv, amely az azonos című továbbképzés kiforrott tananyagára épül. A könyv szerzői a témák előadói, a két egyetem oktatói, az okos város témakör szakavatott művelői. A könyv ismerteti az okos város koncepcióját, mozgatórugóit, különféle megközelítéseit, tervezési szempontjait, a megoldások közös, infokommunikációs hátterét és az internet fejlődésén alapuló perspektíváját. Az olvasók képet kapnak az okos város kulcsterületein, úgymint városigazgatás, városi környezet, közlekedés, energetika és életvitel, a rövid távon megvalósítható technológiai megoldásokról és az inkább hosszabb távon ígéretes lehetőségekről. Olvashatunk az okos város kiberbiztonságáról, finanszírozásának módozatairól, meg-ismerhetjük a legfontosabb hazai okos megoldásokat. A könyv hasznos olvasmánya lehet mindazoknak, akik a városfejlesztés korszerű megoldásai iránt érdeklődnek, vagy településük okos várossá válásán gondolkodnak.
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Using European Union funds involves a complex process; Member States must adhere to wide-ranging EU and domestic legislation, non-compliance can lead to irregularities. Besides accordance with the letter of the law, also the general EU... more
Using European Union funds involves a complex process; Member States must adhere to wide-ranging EU and domestic legislation, non-compliance can lead to irregularities. Besides accordance with the letter of the law, also the general EU budgetary principles, in particular sound financial management, must be given full consideration. The paper presents Hungary’s evolving approach to handling irregularities and her experience in creating the corresponding legal and institutional framework. The research also assesses how the perspective of the European Commission, in particular of its auditors, has contributed to legal uncertainties. In the draft legislation for the 2021 – 2027 budgetary period, the European Commission proposes a new requirement, namely the rule of law conditionality.3 Its clarity and objectivity, however, are still being widely discussed. Additionally, cohesion policy conditionalities have always contained an obligation for the proper functioning of the institutions – ...
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Nowadays an important question is how to use the limited resources available in the most efficient and sustainable way. The assessment of development policy interventions and the question of successful absorption of development funds... more
Nowadays an important question is how to use the limited resources available in the most efficient and sustainable way. The assessment of development policy interventions and the question of successful absorption of development funds shifted clearly towards stronger enforcement of the aspects efficiency and effectiveness. There is clearly a need for an integrated approach to deliver an effective and sustainable response. The question is how the new territorial development tools – established by the new cohesion policy regulation for the coming programming period - can fit in these conditions, how can they help to achieve the common goals and response to the integrated approach. Cooperation and in-depth knowledge is required for stakeholders to make use of the new tools in an integrated manner.
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Hungary is one of the main beneficiaries of the EU Cohesion Policy, which aids the development of the regions lagging behind. As one of the policy’s main objectives is territorial cohesion, both the functioning of the territorial... more
Hungary is one of the main beneficiaries of the EU Cohesion Policy, which aids the development of the regions lagging behind. As one of the policy’s main objectives is territorial cohesion, both the functioning of the territorial delivery system and the role of the regional and local stakeholders have crucial importance. The paper presents and evaluates the regime Hungary uses for integrated territorial development: the territorial strategies devised by municipalities as integrated plans on the basis of a pre-set financial allocation, a pre-defined menu of measures and obligatory performance targets. The research explores the interactions between multilevel governance structures and effectiveness of delivery. The paper is based on a mix of desk research and fieldwork (desk research of publicly available data presented in official reports, documents and data from the Hungarian institutions and authorities and on the relevant EU and national legislation together with the result of i...
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A jelenlegi gazdasag helyzetben meghatarozo kerdes, hogy a rendelkezesre allo korlatozott forrasokat – jelen tema vonatkozasaban a fejlesztesi celu forrasokat – hogyan lehet a leghatekonyabban es fenntarthato modon felhasznalni. Az uj... more
A jelenlegi gazdasag helyzetben meghatarozo kerdes, hogy a rendelkezesre allo korlatozott forrasokat – jelen tema vonatkozasaban a fejlesztesi celu forrasokat – hogyan lehet a leghatekonyabban es fenntarthato modon felhasznalni. Az uj 2014–2020-as koltsegvetesi időszak előkeszitese zajlik minden teruleten: nemcsak a koltsegvetesi egyeztetesek, hanem az agazati jogalkotas, igy a kohezios politika uj rendszerenek kialakitasa is folyamatban van. Uj megkozelites jegyeben alakulnak a szabalyok, az eredmenyorientaltsag kerul a kozeppontba, ami kulturavaltast igenyel az intezmenyrendszer műkodeseben. 2014 utani időszakra sokkal szigorubb koheziosforras-felhasznalasi szabalyok keszulnek, mint eddig: előzetes es utolagos feltetelekkel, merfoldkovekkel, szigoru kifizetesi feltetelekkel es teljesitmenytartalekkal. Korlatozva lesz, hogy egy-egy programban hany celt tűzhet ki a tagallam (tematikus koncentracio), a valaszthato celkitűzesek listaja pedig az EU 2020-as strategiabol lebontva kerul a...
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The preparation of the new 2014-2020 period is taking place, alongside the consideration of the planning and programming tasks there occurs also the question, what kind of institution system would be necessary for the implementation... more
The preparation of the new 2014-2020 period is taking place, alongside the consideration of the planning and programming tasks there occurs also the question, what kind of institution system would be necessary for the implementation tasks, and whether it is necessary and if yes, what kind of change of the currently existing organizations would be needed and what factors would influence the structure of the cohesion policy’s implementation institutional system. Poland and Hungary are two cohesion countries, both of them using significant amounts of structural funds financing public investments. Despite the common regulation at EU level the two countries seem to choose different solutions in order to guarantee smoother implementation that will allow policy objectives and results to be achieved more effectively – Hungary is centralizing and Poland is rather decentralizing the system. What is behind this phenomenon? Which is the best way to strengthen the efficiency of the cohesion policy?
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Access to financing is certainly one of the most important components for the creation, survival, performance and growth of SMEs. The combined microcredit is a unique financial development tool where micro-credit and non-repayable... more
Access to financing is certainly one of the most important components for the creation, survival, performance and growth of SMEs. The combined microcredit is a unique financial development tool where micro-credit and non-repayable assistance can be requested within one construction (other type of combinedmicrocredit is delivering bothmicro-insurance and micro-credit products). The paper analyses the Hungarian practice using this financial instrument, both looking at the empirical evidences and seeking for answer to the question, whether this form of support is effective, useful or not. Operating under conditions of economic uncertainty, fiscal deficit and consequent budgetary pressures, and encouraged by the early performance and leverage effects of financial instruments, policymakers see considerable value in supporting the further development of FIs and for their use in both existing and new policy-related areas of activity.
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In the latest, most recent phases of the economic crisis when the economic and governmental actors are regularly consulting with each other about the direction that should be followed, it is essential to determine how to use the limited... more
In the latest, most recent phases of the economic crisis when the economic and governmental actors are regularly consulting with each other about the direction that should be followed, it is essential to determine how to use the limited resources available – for the purposes of this topic, the resources aimed at development – in the most efficient and sustainable way. Naturally, in order to be able to assess the efficiency of resource use, one must first decide what should be measured and how. The assessment of public investments and the impact of EU cohesion policy is controversial; assessing necessity, utility and sustainability is no easy task. It is clear, however, that the terms of the assessment of development policy interventions have shifted from the success of the absorption of development resources towards a stronger enforcement of the aspects of efficiency and effectiveness.
Research Interests: Economics and Evaluation
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Purpose The economic situation in Europe is improving, nevertheless in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are still lacking in finances. In this situation, public funding can play an... more
Purpose The economic situation in Europe is improving, nevertheless in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are still lacking in finances. In this situation, public funding can play an important role. Besides grants, the use of financial instruments (FIs) has become increasingly popular lately in CEE as well. This paper aims to examine the micro-level effects of the different financial tools to understand which type of finance could be most recommended for policymakers in relation to improving access to finance for SMEs, and thus achieving long-term, sustainable economic growth. Design/methodology/approach The database used is a panel with firm-years as the units of analysis, the variables contain firm-level characteristics, yearly aggregated information on European Union (EU) subsidies and yearly aggregated information on credits received by the firms. The analyses are done using propensity score matching. The ultimate goal is to sh...
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The complexity of public procurement and the related controls are a significant issue that public authorities are facing in Hungary. The “fear” of being controlled by state authorities and EU auditors is affecting decisions in public... more
The complexity of public procurement and the related controls are a significant issue that public authorities are facing in Hungary. The “fear” of being controlled by state authorities and EU auditors is affecting decisions in public procurement. However, research on the effects of such a system is largely absent. The purpose of the article is to explore the functioning of the control system related to EU funded public procurements and to examine its actual and potential impact on the purchases of public authorities. The method is first an introduction of the features of the control system and then the analysis of data from the relevant bodies in order to see the effect of controls and possible difficulties with the system. The results show that despite the seemingly positive impact on the regularity of procedures, the interference in the decisions of public authorities and the delays caused are problematic. It is therefore suggested that the Hungarian government should consider str...
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Reforming Local Government in Ukraine, a white paper on the outcome of public consultations - international centre for policy studies Center for Ukrainian Reform Education
Regions in the EU’s Eastern and Southern peripheries tend to perform badly across many rankings from economic development, to quality of government,social justice and innovation potential, despite the fact that the vast majorityof EU... more
Regions in the EU’s Eastern and Southern peripheries tend to perform badly across many rankings from economic development, to quality of government,social justice and innovation potential, despite the fact that the vast majorityof EU structural funding has been spent in these countries. However, these countries followed different development trajectories and reacted differently to the economic crisis. Some of them still struggle, others thrive, others, afteryears of structural transformation, are stuck in a middle-income trap.Successes and failures as a result of EU cohesion implementation are avaluable source of feedback for future plans. Southern part of the EU, and Central and Eastern Europe provide an excellent opportunity to evaluatethem, The whole implementation exercise is sometimes challenging to accomplish, as both the public and private sectors have low absorption capacity. In contrast, positive experiences also emerged. Regions in Central and Eastern European countries witnessed improvements in the form of change in GDP per capita, benchmarked against the EU average during theyears 2008-2015, while Southern Europe improved similarly between 2000-2008. In this volume, the authors cover a variety of aforementioned problems and experiences of either all member states, with special attention to peripheral countries, or to sectoral or regional problems in selected countries. The book begins with an overview of the issues of economic convergence and quality of life in all member states. It also addresses political aspects of EU cohesion policy, including involvement of civil society into this public policy, as well as relationships between cohesion policy support and EU identification. The final section discusses an important novelty in the framework of EU cohesion policy, namely the JESSICA initiative, that is, an instrument offering repayable and recyclable funding targeted at economically-viable and sustainable urban development projects. Authors are engaged in research on EU cohesion policy and represent severaldisciplines: economics, political and social sciences.
Research Interests: European Studies, Southern Europe, Cohesion Policy, Regional and Local Governance, Economic Development, and 8 moreRegional development, European Union (International Studies), Urban And Regional Planning, Central and Eastern Europe, Sustainable Urban Regeneration and Development, EU cohesion policy, Social cohesion, and EU structural funds
Regions in the EU’s Eastern and Southern peripheries tend to perform badly across many rankings from economic development, to quality of government,social justice and innovation potential, despite the fact that the vast majorityof EU... more
Regions in the EU’s Eastern and Southern peripheries tend to perform badly across many rankings from economic development, to quality of government,social justice and innovation potential, despite the fact that the vast majorityof EU structural funding has been spent in these countries. However, these countries followed different development trajectories and reacted differently to the economic crisis. Some of them still struggle, others thrive, others, afteryears of structural transformation, are stuck in a middle-income trap.Successes and failures as a result of EU cohesion implementation are avaluable source of feedback for future plans. Southern part of the EU, and Central and Eastern Europe provide an excellent opportunity to evaluatethem, The whole implementation exercise is sometimes challenging to accomplish, as both the public and private sectors have low absorption capacity. In contrast, positive experiences also emerged. Regions in Central and Eastern European countries witnessed improvements in the form of change in GDP per capita, benchmarked against the EU average during theyears 2008-2015, while Southern Europe improved similarly between 2000-2008. In this volume, the authors cover a variety of aforementioned problems and experiences of either all member states, with special attention to peripheral countries, or to sectoral or regional problems in selected countries. The book begins with an overview of the issues of economic convergence and quality of life in all member states. It also addresses political aspects of EU cohesion policy, including involvement of civil society into this public policy, as well as relationships between cohesion policy support and EU identification. The final section discusses an important novelty in the framework of EU cohesion policy, namely the JESSICA initiative, that is, an instrument offering repayable and recyclable funding targeted at economically-viable and sustainable urban development projects. Authors are engaged in research on EU cohesion policy and represent severaldisciplines: economics, political and social sciences.
Research Interests: European Studies, Southern Europe, Cohesion Policy, Urban Regeneration, Quality of life, and 8 moreRegional Planning/Development, European Union, Economic Development, Automotive Industry, Regional Economics, Central and Eastern Europe, Sustainable Urban Regeneration and Development, and Civil Society, Civic Engagement and E-Governance for Politcal Change
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A Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem és a Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem együttműködésének egyik eredménye Az okos város (Smart City) szakkönyv, amely az azonos című továbbképzés kiforrott tananyagára épül. A könyv szerzői a... more
A Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem és a Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem együttműködésének egyik eredménye Az okos város (Smart City) szakkönyv, amely az azonos című továbbképzés kiforrott tananyagára épül. A könyv szerzői a témák előadói, a két egyetem oktatói, az okos város témakör szakavatott művelői. A könyv ismerteti az okos város koncepcióját, mozgatórugóit, különféle megközelítéseit, tervezési szempontjait, a megoldások közös, infokommunikációs hátterét és az internet fejlődésén alapuló perspektíváját. Az olvasók képet kapnak az okos város kulcsterületein, úgymint városigazgatás, városi környezet, közlekedés, energetika és életvitel, a rövid távon megvalósítható technológiai megoldásokról és az inkább hosszabb távon ígéretes lehetőségekről. Olvashatunk az okos város kiberbiztonságáról, finanszírozásának módozatairól, meg-ismerhetjük a legfontosabb hazai okos megoldásokat. A könyv hasznos olvasmánya lehet mindazoknak, akik a városfejlesztés korszerű megoldásai iránt érdeklődnek, vagy településük okos várossá válásán gondolkodnak.
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2020Az uniós források felhasználásának mikéntje, az általuk megvalósuló fejlesztések mindenkit érintenek. Egyrészt fontos, hogy a gazdasági fejlődést, innovációt és hatékonyságnövelést segítsék elő, másrészt a közszolgáltatások iránti... more
2020Az uniós források felhasználásának mikéntje, az általuk megvalósuló fejlesztések mindenkit érintenek.
Egyrészt fontos, hogy a gazdasági fejlődést, innovációt és hatékonyságnövelést segítsék elő, másrészt a közszolgáltatások
iránti szükségleteink kielégítését is ezen fejlesztések biztosítják.
A beruházásokat elsősorban gazdasági és állami szereplőktől várjuk; az ő tevékenységüket – főként a jelenlegi nehéz gazdasági és pénzügyi helyzetben – jelentősen segíti az elmaradottabb térségekben az Európai
Unió kohéziós politikája.
Egy fejlesztési projekt eredményes megvalósítása önmagában sem egyszerű feladat. Az EU-forrásból támogatott projektek esetében ráadásul bonyolult feltételrendszer biztosítja, hogy az európai adófizetők
pénzét hatékonyan használják fel a jogosultak.
Az uniós elvek és célkitűzések ismeretében, a beavatkozási logika alapján megismerhető a struktúra és a végrehajtási eljárás, így pedig – jó fejlesztési elképzelések birtokában – eredményesen valósíthatók
meg a beruházások. A könyv célja, hogy megismertesse az olvasóval a kohéziós politika rendszerét, és gyakorlati ismereteket adjon a fejlesztési projektek megvalósításához.
Egyrészt fontos, hogy a gazdasági fejlődést, innovációt és hatékonyságnövelést segítsék elő, másrészt a közszolgáltatások
iránti szükségleteink kielégítését is ezen fejlesztések biztosítják.
A beruházásokat elsősorban gazdasági és állami szereplőktől várjuk; az ő tevékenységüket – főként a jelenlegi nehéz gazdasági és pénzügyi helyzetben – jelentősen segíti az elmaradottabb térségekben az Európai
Unió kohéziós politikája.
Egy fejlesztési projekt eredményes megvalósítása önmagában sem egyszerű feladat. Az EU-forrásból támogatott projektek esetében ráadásul bonyolult feltételrendszer biztosítja, hogy az európai adófizetők
pénzét hatékonyan használják fel a jogosultak.
Az uniós elvek és célkitűzések ismeretében, a beavatkozási logika alapján megismerhető a struktúra és a végrehajtási eljárás, így pedig – jó fejlesztési elképzelések birtokában – eredményesen valósíthatók
meg a beruházások. A könyv célja, hogy megismertesse az olvasóval a kohéziós politika rendszerét, és gyakorlati ismereteket adjon a fejlesztési projektek megvalósításához.
Research Interests:
The aim of this study is to provide a synthetic input about the practical implementation of the legislative framework governing financial instruments in the 2014-2020 programming period. Based on the analysis of the previous and the... more
The aim of this study is to provide a synthetic input about the practical
implementation of the legislative framework governing financial
instruments in the 2014-2020 programming period. Based on the analysis of the previous and the current EU legislation, policy documents and the first experiences of Member States, this study presents recommendations on how to remove obstacles and on how to improve the use of financial instruments.
implementation of the legislative framework governing financial
instruments in the 2014-2020 programming period. Based on the analysis of the previous and the current EU legislation, policy documents and the first experiences of Member States, this study presents recommendations on how to remove obstacles and on how to improve the use of financial instruments.
Research Interests:
The need to take action to mitigate the effects of climate change is widely recognized by governments and economic actors around the world. Likewise, an awareness of a more holistic approach to financing policy goals, so that all social,... more
The need to take action to mitigate the effects of climate change is widely recognized by governments and economic actors around the world. Likewise, an awareness of a more holistic approach to financing policy goals, so that all social, economic, and environmental aspects receive adequate consideration, has been on the rise, too. The UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) combined with the European Green Deal objectives have themselves induced a major funding challenge, which is now aggravated by the COVID crisis and the war in Ukraine. Development finance and investment are strongly needed. In the public finance sector, besides European institutions and national governments, national development banks (NDBs) play an important role in providing funds and implementing development and investment programmes. By using public and private funds, they are actively involved in financing infrastructure projects as well as they are acting as holding fund managers or financial intermediaries for different financial instruments such as investment platforms or EU funded financial instruments. The paper assesses the compliance of European national development banks with sustainability requirements by exploring their strategic objectives and investment activities. The aim of the paper is to examine whether and how the contradiction between stimulating growth and maintaining a sustainable fiscal strategy can be resolved. The new obligations stemming from the EU Taxonomy rules and the weight of national development banks in investments and specifically in infrastructure finance gives particular relevance to the enquiry. European National Development Banks satisfy a wide range of specific missions to address market failures. They can be clustered based on the basis of the duration of their operations, the financial market situation and level of economic development in their country as well as the sustainable development index. The level of commitment the government makes to green growth and of the influence it holds over the bank has been observed to correlate with bank's contribution to sustainable finance. The results of the analysis of their various management and investment areas show that the investments they currently finance are to a large extent harmonized with the sustainable finance requirements and regulations of the European taxonomy. Meanwhile, their mandates and the wider context of national development strategies continue to provide strong incentives for sustainable finance.
Research Interests:
A pénzügyi eszközök közpénzekből valósítanak meg megtérülő befektetéseket visszaforgó jelleggel, így alkalmazásuk nagyobb hatékonyságot és hosszabb távú fenntarthatóságot eredményez a közpénzek felhasználásában. Az európai döntéshozók... more
A pénzügyi eszközök közpénzekből valósítanak meg megtérülő befektetéseket visszaforgó jelleggel, így alkalmazásuk nagyobb hatékonyságot és hosszabb távú fenntarthatóságot eredményez a közpénzek felhasználásában. Az európai döntéshozók megítélése szerint jelentős értéket hordoz magában a pénzügyi eszközök továbbfejlesztése, valamint a meglévőnél szélesebb szakpolitikai területeken való alkalmazása. Jelen tanulmány elemzi a pénzügyi eszközök alkalmazásával kapcsolatos magyar gyakorlatot, mind az empirikus bizonyítékok vizsgálatával, mind pedig azon kérdés megválaszolásával, hogy a pénzügyi eszközök hatékonyak és hasznosak-e vagy sem. A tanulmány két fő célja: egyrészről a jogszabályok és a tagállamok pénzügyi eszközök felhasználásával kapcsolatos eltérő megközelítésének elemzése, másrészről a pénzügyi eszközök végrehajtásához kapcsolódó jelenlegi és a korábbi gyakorlati tapasztalatok, problémák és azok megoldásainak vizsgálata.
Purpose: Recognising the swift and negative impact of COVID-19 on innovation, entrepreneurial behaviour, and small and medium enterprises’ (SME) performance, the authors examine the situation and... more
Purpose: Recognising the swift and negative impact of COVID-19 on innovation, entrepreneurial behaviour, and small and medium enterprises’ (SME) performance, the authors examine the situation and prospects of Hungarian companies and evaluate entrepreneurial resilience and firm performance, with a specific focus on subsidised firms. Design/methodology/approach: Data from two surveys are used. This is a combined dataset of the database of Hungarian companies required to use the double entry bookkeeping system, and the integrated monitoring database, established by the MIT to cover financial assistance from both the European Union and national budgets. The analyses use the propensity score matching method. The ultimate goal of the study is to show the micro-level effects oft he COVID-19 crisis on entrepreneurs, with special focus on previously received financial assistance by a firm, its geographical location(based on NUTS1 level 2 regions and urban development zones2), industry (level 2 NACE3 codes), and size. Findings:The result provides evidence that subsidies have a positive impact on SMEs’ resilience, employment, sales, and productivity.