Gerald Alditya Bunga

As internet usage has grown, so has the influence of internet culture on Indonesian values and moral decision making. The internet provides a platform for the exchange of ideas and perspectives, and it has the potential to shape and transform social and cultural norms and values. For example, internet culture may promote the spread of liberal and progressive ideas, and it may provide a voice to marginalized and underrepresented groups. Exposure to internet culture can influence Indonesian values and moral decision making in a number of ways. One of the key ways is through the exposure to a wider range of ideas, perspectives, and behaviors, which can challenge and broaden existing cultural norms and values. For example, internet culture may expose individuals to more liberal and progressive ideas, promoting greater tolerance and inclusiveness. This study aims to find out how the impact of the internet for Indonesia, especially values and moral decision making. Based on the literature...

The presence of foreigners both as Illegal Immigrants or Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Indonesia has increased each year. This causes the function of immigration control and enforcement to enforce immigration law becomes very important. The Kupang Class I Immigration Office is one of the immigration technical implementing units that implements policies and technical standardization in the field of immigration in the East Nusa Tenggara. The number of immigration actions carried out by the Kupang Class I Immigration Office tends to decrease from 2010 to 2015. However, the number of actions taken is still quite high. In carrying out its duties and functions, the Kupang Class I Immigration Office encountered problems in terms of the quantity of human resources. This causes not optimal handling of illegal immigrants. This study aims to determine the role of Class I Immigration Kupang in handling illegal immigrants and forms of coordination between agencies in the province of East Nusa T...

Implementation of state defense in Indonesia can be implemented in military and non-military. Civilians can also be involved in state defense including in thoseconducted militarily, therefore this study is aimed at examining how national lawarrangements regulate the involvement of civilians in state defense which may beinvolved in military defense and how international humanitarian law regulates theinvolvement of civilians. This research uses normative legal research. The result ofthe research shows that involvement of civilians in military state defense can affectthem losing the protection they should enjoy in armed conflict.

This paper examines the regulation of piracy and armed robbery at sea in international law applicable globally and applicable only in a certain region. This research will review the elements of piracy and armed robbery at sea then made a distinction between both crimes. It will be found that there are problems that still not legally regulated in existing international regulation concerning piracy and armed robbery at sea or it has been regulated but still cause a problem in the prosecution of both crimes. It is a normative research which concludes that the regulation of armed robbery at sea is found only in regional international legal rules, unlike the regulation of piracy that exists in international rules that applied globally. The existing regulations leave problems concerning areas where a crime such as piracy-like act will be difficult to categorize as piracy or armed robbery at sea.

The sovereignty is the highest attribute of a state that shoul be respected by another states. In any situation it must not be violated by others but the result of this research shows that F-18 Hornet air craft is state air craft has done a sovereignty collision over Indonesian air space with fly without permission of Indonesian government and made some manuver in civil flight line that endangered the safety of navigation of civil air craft aviation. This reserch also shows that the military strenght of USA is bigger than Indonesian’s, influence the sovereignty colission over Indonesian air space, made by F-18 Hornet. Therefore in the international relationship between states, then diplomatic settlement is the best way to choose. Beside that, it is important to determine the limit between air space and outer space, then coul be knew how far the souvereingty of a state over air space.

In this article, the author discusses the issues pertaining to piracy jure gentium and armed robbery at sea. Focus shall be given on the incidence of both crimes occurring offshore Somalia during a certain time period. It is noted that Somalia is unable or unwilling to enforce its law to protect international (commercial) shipping passing through its waters. This inability to enforce the law has been the primary reason, Somalia was forced to seek legal assistance from the international community. By taking lessons from Somalia and comparing these two crimes, the author seeks to propose a model of how to tackle the problem at hand. To be discussed and analysed is a number of United Nations Security Council Resolutions which provide the international community with a guideline how to handle both crimes.

This paper examines the regulation of piracy jure gentium and armed robbery at sea in international law applicable globally and applicable only in certain region. This research will review the elements of piracy jure gentium and armed robbery at sea then made a distinction between both crimes. It will be found that there are problems that still not legally regulated in existing international regulation concerning piracy jure gentium and armed robbery at sea or it has been regulated but still cause problem in the prosecution of both crimes. It is a normative research which concludes that the regulation of armed robbery at sea is found only in regional international legal rules, unlike the regulation of piracy jure gentium that exist in international rules that applied globally. The existing regulations leave problems concerning the existence of areas where a crime such as piracy-like act will be difficult to categorize as piracy jure gentium or armed robbery at sea.
Keywords : Piracy, Armed Robbery at Sea, Law of the Sea

In this article, the author discusses the issues pertaining to piracy jure gentium and armed robbery at sea. Focus shall be given on the incidence of both crimes occurring offshore Somalia during a certain time period. It is noted that Somalia is unable or unwilling to enforce its law to protect international (commercial) shipping passing through its waters. This inability to enforce the law has been the primary reason, Somalia was forced to seek legal assistance from the international community. By taking lessons from Somalia and comparing these two crimes, the author seeks to propose a model of how to tackle the problem at hand. To be discussed and analysed is a number of United Nations Security Council Resolutions which provide the international community with a guideline how to handle both crimes.

Keywords: piracy jure gentium, armed robbery at sea, international law of the sea

1982 UNCLOS stipulates that Indonesia as the archipelago state only has the enforcement
jurisdiction in its contiguous zone to exercise control to prevent infringement and to punish
infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration and sanitary laws and regulations within its
territory or territorial sea. This is detrimental to Indonesia because it can not reach the
violation of customs, fiscal, immigration, and sanitary laws and regulations within the
contiguous zone itself. Therefore, Indonesia should estabilish Law on The Contiguous Zone
to claim legislative jurisdiction in it a long with the enforcement jurisdiction. Then it could also
regulate as to the violation of customs, fiscal, immigration, and sanitary laws and regulations
within its contiguous zone, not only those conducted within its territory and territorial sea.

Implementation of state defense in Indonesia can be implemented in military and non-military. Civilians can also be involved in state defense including in those conducted militarily, therefore this study is aimed at examining how national law arrangements regulate the involvement of civilians in state defense which may be involved in military defense and how international humanitarian law regulates the involvement of civilians. This research uses normative legal research. The result of the research shows that involvement of civilians in military state defense can affect them losing the protection they should enjoy in armed conflict.

The vulnerable groups often become the victim of adverse party of armed conflict. Women is included in there. Women in armed conflict are affected directly or indirectly by the conflict, including gender based violence like rape, forced impregnation, or forced prostitution. In addition, armed conflict also affects the gender relation related to women, for example women become the breadwinner as the result of lost of husband due to the conflict. this research aimed to discuss on the impact of armed conflict on women, how international humanitarian law protects women in armed conflict and how the implementation of that protection.

Intisari Dalam setiap konflik bersenjata selalu terdapat korban baik dalam bentuk materi maupun korban jiwa, namun hukum humaniter internasional (HHI) menetapkan bahwa dalam setiap konflik bersenjata pihak sipil, terutama anak-anak harus diberikan perlindungan dalam kondisi apapun dan tidak boleh menjadi sasaran militer yang sah. Hal inilah yang menjadi permasalahan dalam konflik bersenjata di Nigeria di mana anak-anak turut menjadi korban dari serangan Boko Haram. Hal ini tentu merupakan pelanggaran HHI. Untuk itu penegakan HHI dapat dilakukan salah satunya melalui mekanisme international criminal court (ICC) dan untuk membantu melindungi anak-anak serta mengatasi kelompok Boko Haram maka bisa ditempuh melalui mekanisme regional yakni melalui peran uni Afrika. Abstract In every armed conflict there is always casualities wheter in form of things or human life loss, but international humanitarian law (IHL) ensures that in every armed conflict, the civilians, especialy the children, should be protected at all time and should not be the legitimate military target. It is the main problem in Nigeria armed conflict which in it, the children be the victim of Boko Haram attacks. It is clearly a violation of IHL, therefore the enforcement of IHL could be done through international criminal court mechanism and to protect the children and handle Boko Haram, it could be done through regional mechanism, which is done by African Union.

The sovereignty is the highest attribute of a state that should be respected by another states. In any situation it must not be violated by others but the result of this research shows that F-18 Hornet air craft is state air craft has done a sovereignty collision over Indonesian air space with fly without permission of Indonesian government and made some manuver in civil flight line that endangered the safety of navigation of civil air craft aviation. This reserch also shows that the military strenght of USA is bigger than Indonesian's, influence the sovereignty colission over Indonesian air space, made by F-18 Hornet. Therefore in the international relationship between states, then diplomatic settlement is the best way to choose. Beside that, it is important to determine the limit between air space and outer space, then coul be knew how far the souvereingty of a state over air space.

The vulnerable groups often become the victim of adverse party of armed conflict. Included in this group is woman. Women in armed conflict are affected directly or indirectly by the conflict, including gender based violence like rape, forced impregnation, or forced prostitution. In addition, armed conflict also affects the gender relation related to women, for example women become the breadwinner as the result of lost of husband due to the conflict. this is a normative research aimed to discuss on the impact of armed conflict on women, how international humanitarian law protects women in armed conflict and how the implementation of that protection.

Key words : Armed Conflict, Gender, International Humanitarian Law

In inter-state relation, armed conflict is a matter that may happen and drone is one of equipment used in it. The use of drone is considered more effective because it can reduce the risk of human casualties and can achive the target specified. However, the use of drones as weapon in armed conflict becomes a dilemma because it contradicts with the rules of international humanitarian law and the absence of rules specifically governing the drone. This is a normative research aimed to discuss about why necessary to estabilish a special rule governing the drone.

Keywords: Drone, International Humanitarian Law

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana kedudukan intervensi kemanusiaan dalam hukum internasional, terutama Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa dan bagaimana pelaksanaannya dalam dunia internasional. Untuk memahami hal tersebut maka penelitian ini dimulai dengan memaparkan mengenai pengertian internvensi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mengkaji mengenai kedudukan intervensi kemanusiaan dalam hukum internasional. Sehubungan dengan pelaksanaan intervensi kemanusiaan, maka dalam tulisan ini dipaparkan mengenai syarat-syarat untuk melakukan intervensi kemanusiaan di dalam suatu Negara serta bagaimana pengaturan penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata (use of armed force) dan prinsip non intervensi dalam Piagam PBB. Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut maka disimpulkan bahwa intervensi kemanusiaan merupakan penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata (armed force) dengan tujuan untuk menghentikan pelaggaran berat terhadap HAM atau hukum humaniter internasional yang terjadi di dalam wilayah suatau negara. Namun hingga saat ini tidak ada suatu instrumen hukum internasional yang secara khusus dan eksplisit mengatur mengenai masalah ini.