Ulrika Alm Bergvall

Kevin Richard Abbott, Karen Ackroff, Bart Adriaenssens, I. Ahnesjö, John Alcock, Marta Elena Alonso, Luisa Amo, Patricia Amorim, W. Amos, Inger Lise Andersen, Matthew J. Anderson, Bradley R. Anholt, Patrick Anselme, Peter Arcese, Elizabeth Archie, Andrea S. Aspbury, Jonathan Atwell, Thierry Aubin, Jesús Miguel Avilés, Patricia R. Y. Backwell, Aldo Badiani, Jonathon Balcombe, Barbara Ballentine, J. Balthazart, I. Barber, Perry Barboza, Andrew N. Neal Barrass, Clark Barrett, Katherine L. Barry, Zoltan Barta, L. Bartos, Jennifer A. Basil, Alexander Taylor Baugh, Luis M. Bautista, Christopher David Beatty, Guy Beauchamp, Ngaio Jessica Beausoleil, Peter A. Bednekoff, Michael D. Beecher, M. Beekman, Alison Bell, Lauryn Benedict, Michael J. Beran, Fred B. Bercovitch, Emma Berdan, A. Berglund, Martin Bergman, Ulrika Alm Bergvall, Carol M. Berman, Susan M. Bertram, Samuel N. Beshers, David Bignell, T. Bilde, Keith L. Bildstein, Anna Billing, Verner P. Bingman, D. Biro, Pierre Bize, Todd Blackledge, Jessica Blickley, Laurie Lynn Bloomfield, David Andrew Bohan, Sue Boinski, Dan Bolnick, Elisabeth Bolund, Francesco Bonadonna, Alan B. Bond, Russell Bonduriansky, D. Bonte, Neeltje Boogert, Rudy Boonstra, Gerald Borgia, Jordi Bosch, Raphael Boulay, Karen M. Bouwman, Sarah T. Boysen, J. W. S. Bradshaw, Igor Branchi, Oskar Brattström, Thomas Breithaupt, Amanda Bretman, M. Briffa, R. Mark Brigham, Beth Brittan-Powell, A. Brodin, Jakob Bro-Jørgensen, Mollie Brooks, R. Brooks, D. Broom, Brian Brown, Culum Brown, William D. Brown, Henrik Brumm, R. Bshary, Katherine L. Buchanan, Richard Buchholz, Sergey Budaev, Judith Maria Burkart, Nancy T. Burley, Sabrina Burmeister, Catherine Burns, Robert Philip Burriss, Kevin Butt, Bruce Eric Byers, Phillip G. Byrne, N. Cadieu, Ricardo Calado, Josep Call, Stuart Campbell, U. Candolin, John P. Capitanio, Gonçalo Cardoso, C. Carere, Cynthia Carey, J. Carranza, Toby Carter, Erica Cartmill, J. Casas, C. K. Catchpole, Andrea Cavagna, Patricia Celis, F. Cézilly, J. W. Chapman, Benjamin David Charlton, Dorothy L. Cheney, Andre Chiaradia, Chen Chiu, Alberto Civetta, Jennifer A. Clarke, Parry Martin Rhys Clarke, Dale L. Clayton, David F. Clayton, Ethan D. Clotfelter, Reginald Cocroft, Edward A. Codling, Sarah Amanda Collins, L. Conradt, Timothy Coppack, Carlos Cordero, Adolfo Cordero Rivera, Alex Córdoba-Aguilar, Richard G. Coss, Rickey Cothran, P. A. Cotton, Margaret J. Couvillon, Peter F. Credland, E. Creighton, Robin Michael Crewe, Catherine Crockford, Davide Csermely, Clare Louise Cunningham, Gregory B. Cunningham, J. Thomas Curtis, D. Custance, Sasha R. X. Dall, Francesca R. D’Amato, Patrick Danley, James David Darling, J. Davenport, Marian S. Dawkins, Rebecca Dean, Catherine Del Negro, Charles Derby, Andrew Derocher, Emmanuel Desouhant, Cédric Devigne, Donald A. Dewsbury, Marcel Dicke, Janis L. Dickinson, Shannon M. Digweed, Peter Dijkstra, Niels Jeroen Dingemanse, John Dittami, Tobias Dittmann, Laura M. Dixon, Jorge Domı́nguez, Michael Domjan, Robert J. Dooling, Anna Dornhaus, Damian Dowling, Piet J. Drent, Thomas Gregory D’Souza, Matthew Brian Dugas, Reuven Dukas, David Duneau, S. M. Durant, Audrey Dussutour, M. L. Dyson, John M. Eadie, Marion East, Martin Edvardsson, Sandra Edwards, A. K. Eggert, P. Eggleton, John A. Endler, M. R. Evans, Theodore Alfred Evans, Claude Everaerts, Peter J. Fashing, Florencia Fernandez Campon, Maud Chloe Olivia Ferrari, Jeremy P. Field, Linda S. Fink, Ilya Reuben Fischhoff, Tecumseh Fitch, Lauren Patricia Fitzsimmons, Jessica Catherine Flack, Matthias W. Foellmer, Susanne Foitzik, Andrew Foote, J. M. Forbes, Gillian Sebestyen Forrester, W. Forstmeier, W. A. Foster, V. Fourcassié, Dorothy Fragaszy, Michael Fraker, Todd M. Freeberg, Leonard Freed, Rafael Freire, Claudia Fricke, Lutz Fromhage, Joachim G. Frommen, Kazuo Fujita, Caitlin R. Gabor, Márta Gácsi, M. J. G. Gage, Bennett G. Galef, Jr, Gordon G. Gallup, Jr, Marco Gamba, Steven W. Gangestad, Robert P. Gendron, H. C. Gerhardt, Gabriele Gerlach, Thomas Getty, Brett Gibson, Matthew Gifford, F. Gilbert, A. S. Gilburn, Kenneth Glander, Montse Gomendio, Marcelo Gonzaga, Eben Bowditch Goodale, Deborah M. Gordon, Thomas Gosden, L. M. Gosling, Patrick Gouat, Patricia A. Gowaty, James W. Grau, J. A. Graves, Michael D. Greenfield, Emma Greig, Marcos Gridi-Papp, Andrea Sigride Griffin, S. C. Griffith, Matteo Griggio, Matthew Grilliot, Jon Grinnell, Fernando Guerrieri, Matthieu Guillemain, Michael David Gumert, Markus Gusset, Darryl T. Gwynne, Lorenz Gygax, James C. Ha, Kurt Hammerschmidt, R. Hammond, Shala Hankison, Michael Hansell, Ally Rachel Harari, A. H. Harcourt, Robert Harcourt, James F. Hare, Melissa A. Harrington, Anjanette Patricia Harris, W. Edwin Harris, Christopher Harshaw, A. G. Hart, Klaus Hartfelder, Ben J. Hatchwell, Mark E. Hauber, Marc D. Hauser, Eileen A. Hebets, P. Heeb, Bernd Heinrich, S. Held, Fabrice Helfenstein, Barbara Helm, Janos Hennicke, S. P. Henzi, Jens Herberholz, Joan M. Herbers, M. E.…

To understand and reduce the concomitant effects of trapping and handling procedures in wildlife species, it is essential to measure their physiological impact. Here, we examined individual variation in stress levels in non-anesthetized European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), which were captured in box traps and physically restrained for tagging, biometrics and bio-sampling. In winter 2013, we collected venous blood samples from 28 individuals during 28 capture events and evaluated standard measurements for stress (heart rate, body temperature, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lactate and total cortisol). Additionally, we assessed stress using the immunological tool, Leukocyte Coping Capacity (LCC), a real-time proxy for stress measuring oxygen radical production by leukocytes. Finally, the behavioral response to handling was recorded using a scoring system. LCC and therefore stress levels were negatively influenced by the time animals spent in the box trap with human presence at th...

Additional file 2. Capture of four subadult wild boars in a corral-style trap. The films shows how four wild boars got captured (capture event #6) in a corral-style trap (JP-BUR). Three other wild boars were moving around outside the trap. The trapped wild boars were rooting in the ground and eating the wheat that the trap was baited with; the behaviour was categorised as forage.

Additional file 1. Foraging behaviour of a subadult male wild boar captured in a corral-style trap. The film shows how a single captured wild boar (capture event #5) was active and walked with short pauses, exploring the environment within the trap (JP-BUR). The wild boar was rooting in the ground and was eating the wheat that the trap was baited with; this behaviour was categorised as forage in the ethogram for evaluation of live-trap capture of wild boar.

On an evolutionary time scale, competition for food drives species formation by genetic adaptations to the environment and subsequent niche separation. On a short-term scale, animals use different strategies to meet their nutritional requirements, which ultimately influence their fitness. Understanding these adaptations in herbivores is especially important in temperate climates where animals have adapted both physiologically and behaviorally to seasonal variations in order to meet their nutritional requirements. The aim of this project was to investigate temporal variation in chemical composition of rumen content between two coexisting species of large herbivores, the native roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and the introduced fallow deer (Dama dama L.), as well as a potential effect of competition on niche separation (interspecific differences in rumen nutrient composition). We analyzed 345 rumen samples collected from animals at one 95 km2 estate, Koberg, in southwestern Sweden. ...

Objective Our aim was to analyse the chromogranin A-derived peptides vasostatin and catestatin in serum from wild boar (Sus scrofa) captured in a corral trap. Acute capture-related stress quickly leads to a release of adrenalin and noradrenalin, but these hormones have a short half-life in blood and are difficult to measure. Chromogranin A (CgA), a glycoprotein which is co-released with noradrenalin and adrenalin, is relatively stable in circulation and the CgA-derived peptides catestatin and vasostatin have been measured in domestic species, but not yet in wildlife. Results Vasostatin and catestatin could be measured and the median (range) serum concentrations were 0.91 (0.54–2.86) and 0.65 (0.35–2.62) nmol/L, respectively. We conclude that the CgA-derived peptides vasostatin and catestatin can be measured in wild boar serum and may thus be useful as biomarkers of psychophysical stress.

Cloth-dragging is the most widely-used method for collecting and counting ticks, but there are few studies of its reliability. By using cloth-dragging, we applied a replicated line transects survey method, in two areas in Sweden with different Ixodes ricinus tick-densities (low at Grimsö and high at Bogesund) to evaluate developmental stage specific repeatability, agreement and precision in estimates of tick abundance. ‘Repeatability’ was expressed as the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), ‘agreement’ with the Total Deviation Index (TDI) and ‘precision’ by the coefficient of variation (CV) for a given dragging distance. Repeatability (ICC) and agreement (TDI) were higher for the most abundant instar (nymphs) and in the area of higher abundance. At Bogesund tick counts were higher than at Grimsö and so also repeatability, with fair to substantial ICC estimates between 0.22 and 0.75, and TDI ranged between 1 and 44.5 counts of difference (thus high to moderate agreement). At Gr...

Background Wildlife traps are used in many countries without evaluation of their effect on animal welfare. Trap-capture of wild animals should minimise negative effects on animal welfare, irrespective of whether the animals are trapped for hunting, research, or management purposes. Live-trap capture of wild boar (Sus scrofa) followed by killing inside the trap by gunshot is a recently introduced but disputed hunting method in Sweden. Approval of trap constructions is based on gross necropsy findings of 20 trapped and shot wild boars. For improved animal welfare evaluation, our aim was to study wild boar behaviour during live-trapping in a 16 m2 square corral-style trap. Behavioural assessments were conducted after filming 12 capture events of in total 38 wild boars (five adults, 20 subadults, 13 piglets). Selected behavioural traits were compared with pathological changes (trap-related lesions) found at necropsy of the 20 subadults, to determine if these variables were useful proxie...

To understand and reduce the concomitant effects of trapping and handling procedures in wildlife species, it is essential to measure their physiological impact. Here, we examined individual variation in stress levels in non-anesthetized European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), which were captured in box traps and physically restrained for tagging, biometrics and bio-sampling. In winter 2013, we collected venous blood samples from 28 individuals during 28 capture events and evaluated standard measurements for stress (heart rate, body temperature, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lactate and total cortisol). Additionally, we assessed stress using the immunological tool, Leukocyte Coping Capacity (LCC), a real-time proxy for stress measuring oxygen radical production by leukocytes. Finally, the behavioral response to handling was recorded using a scoring system. LCC and therefore stress levels were negatively influenced by the time animals spent in the box trap with human presence at th...

We evaluated impact of the needle length, sex, and body condition on chemical immobilization induction time in 50 (29 males and 21 females) free-ranging fallow deer (Dama dama) in Sweden, 2006-2011. Induction time is probably the single most important factor when immobilizing free-ranging wildlife with the use of a remote drug-delivery system (RDDS). Induction times should be short to minimize stress and risk of injury, and to ensure that immobilized animals can be found and clinically monitored as soon as possible. We measured the distance between the darting location and where we recovered the immobilized animal and also the time occurring between the two events. We used two types of needles: 2.0 × 30- or 2.0 × 40-mm barbed needles with side ports. The most important result is that a 10-mm-longer dart needle can reduce the retrieval time substantially (>20 min) until an animal is under monitoring. On average after the darting, the retrieval time decreased from 51 to 29 min and ...

The fitting of tracking devices to wild animals requires capture and handling which causes stress and can potentially cause injury, behavioural modifications that can affect animal welfare and the output of research. We evaluated post capture and release ranging behaviour responses of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) for five different capture methods. We analysed the distance from the centre of gravity and between successive locations, using data from 14 different study sites within the EURODEER collaborative project. Independently of the capture method, we observed a shorter distance between successive locations and contextual shift away from the home range centre of gravity after the capture and release event. However, individuals converged towards the average behaviour within a relatively short space of time (between 10 days and one month). If researchers investigate questions based on the distance between successive locations of the home range, we recommend (1) initial investigat...

A basic idea of plant defences is that a plant should gain protection from its own defence. In addition, there is evidence that defence traits of the neighbouring plants can influence the degree of protection of an individual plant. These associational effects depend in part on the spatial scale of herbivore selectivity. A strong between-patch selectivity together with a weak within-patch selectivity leads to a situation where a palatable plant could avoid being grazed by growing in a patch with unpalatable plants, which is referred to as associational defence. Quite different associational effects will come about if the herbivore instead is unselective between patches and selective within a patch. We studied these effects in a manipulative experiment where we followed the food choice of fallow deer when they encountered two patches of overall different quality. One of the two patches consisted of pellets with low-tannin concentration in seven out of eight buckets and with high concentration in the remaining bucket. The other patch instead had seven high- and one low-tannin bucket. We performed the experiment both with individuals one at a time and with a group of 16–17 deer. We found that the deer were unselective between patches, but selective within a patch, and that the single low-tannin bucket among seven high-tannin buckets was used more than a low-tannin bucket among other low-tannin buckets. This corresponds to a situation where a palatable plant that grows among unpalatable plants is attacked more than if it was growing among its own kind, and for this effect we suggest the term neighbour contrast susceptibility, which is the opposite of associational defence. We also found that the high-tannin bucket in the less defended patch was less used than the high-tannin buckets in the other patch, which corresponds to neighbour contrast defence. The neighbour contrast susceptibility was present both for individual and group foraging, but the strength of the effect was somewhat weaker for groups due to weaker within-patch selectivity.

... Manly, 1984] and [Min et al., 2003] ). CTs are also suggested to function as antiparasitic compounds ( [Barry et al., 2002] , [Marley et al., 2003] , [Min and Hart, 2003] , [Athanasiadou and Kyriazakis, 2004] and [Max et al., 2005] ). ...