Ethogram

We studied capture Eastern Coyotes (Canis latrans) from 27-585 days of age and compiled an ethogram on them. A total of 72247 15-sec samples were taken, amounting to 301 h of field time varying between 59.4–61.3 h per Coyote. A total of 540 behavioral patterns was observed amongst the 16 behaviour categories ranging from 9 (miscellaneous) to 72 (explore/investigate) action patterns per parent category. The 16 parent categories that we believed best described and appropriately sorted the behavioural actions were resting, sitting, sitting1, sitting2, standing, traveling, explore/investigating, hunting, feeding, infantile, greeting, self play, play initiating, playing, agonistic, and miscellaneous. Exploring accounted for >31% of all of the behaviours observed with resting and sitting (combined), standing, traveling, and play as categories decreasing in order of most to least frequent. Despite some omissions in our ethogram and drift associated with its ongoing development, we belie...

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los patrones de comportamiento diurno de Huerequeque Burhinus superciliaris (Tschudi, 1843) en condiciones naturales y elucidar los patrones de comportamiento para esta especie. Los datos de campo fueron obtenidos en remanentes de tierras agrícolas y hábitats modificados en un área de 350 m2 en la ecorregión central del Desierto Pacífico Costero del Perú. Este estudio se realizó de mayo a julio del 2006 totalizando 30 h de observación. Fueron detectadas 32 conductas, agrupadas en nueve categorías de comportamiento. Las tres principales categorías de agrupación de comportamiento en orden porcentual decreciente con relación al tiempo total de observación fueron: acicalamiento (49.7%), alerta (28.3%) y locomoción (13.5%), y otras categorías (8.5%). Se ha encontrado que el Huerequeque con relación al tiempo total de observación realiza principalmente las siguientes cuatro conductas: centinela (24.8%), caminar (10.9%), movimiento de la cola (7.2%)...

Using "scanning sample" methods for qualifying and quantifying behavioral acts of queens and workers belonging to fifteen colonies of Polistes canadensis canadensis, one hundred hours of observation were performed. A behavioral repertoire with twenty-eight acts was described, in which queens perform nineteen acts in the colony, while workers perform twenty-six, and seventeen common acts between the two castes occur. Among those acts, two were exclusive to queen's repertoire and nine to worker's. Chi-square test pointed significant differences between the repertoires of the two castes, where the queens remain longer in the nest and perform the intra-nidal tasks, related to the reproduction, while the workers perform more frequently tasks related to the maintenance of the colonies, such as the foraging, which demands higher risks and high energetic costs.

The study of the behavior of the Lontra longicaudis was conducted from January to April 2010. The main objective was to determine the individual and social patterns of three otters in captivity, correlating the data with average temperatures. The methodology was based on random observations, the ad libitum method, and the focal animal method, during which the animals are observed thanks to standardized spreadsheets. The sampling effort was four hours daily, resulting in a total of 196 hours. Twenty-nine listed activities were divided into two categories and ten subcategories. The adult couple showed a similar pattern of activities. The young female, however, showed a different pattern in the activities, compared with adult animals. There was no difference in activity for day and night. However, on days with lower average temperatures, some activities decreased significantly, such as swimming, diving and rolling in the sand, while resting activities increased.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los patrones de comportamiento diurno de Huerequeque Burhinus superciliaris (Tschudi, 1843) en condiciones naturales y elucidar los patrones de comportamiento para esta especie. Los datos de campo fueron obtenidos en remanentes de tierras agrícolas y hábitats modificados en un área de 350 m2 en la ecorregión central del Desierto Pacífico Costero del Perú. Este estudio se realizó de mayo a julio del 2006 totalizando 30 h de observación. Fueron detectadas 32 conductas, agrupadas en nueve categorías de comportamiento. Las tres principales categorías de agrupación de comportamiento en orden porcentual decreciente con relación al tiempo total de observaciónfueron: acicalamiento (49.7%), alerta (28.3%) y locomoción (13.5%), y otras categorías (8.5%). Se ha encontrado que el Huerequeque con relación al tiempo total de observación realiza principalmente las siguientes cuatro conductas: centinela (24.8%), caminar (10.9%), movimiento de la cola (7.2%) ...