Books by Elena Mikhaylova
Rehren, T., Nikita, E. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Archaeology, 2nd Edition, vol. 4B, pp. 712–732, London: Academic Press., 2024
This entry describes the evolution of material culture in the forest zone of East Europe from the... more This entry describes the evolution of material culture in the forest zone of East Europe from the Urals in the east to Belarus in the west. We distinguish three main phases of cultural development in the area: the 2nd to 5th centuries CE, the 5th to 7th centuries, and the last one, dated from the 7th to 10th centuries, simultaneous to the Pre-Viking Age and the Viking Age in Northern Europe. The starting point of each of these three phases correlates with the collapse of the cultural pattern of the earlier period in the North-West and in the Center of the East European Plain. To the east of the Volga, the local cultures evolved continuously during the first millennium, and the formation of new cultural traditions happened gradually without sharp changes but generally followed the trends of the western regions.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B978032390799600241X?via=ihub
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В сборник включены доклады участников XI-й научно-практической конференции «Наш край в истории Ро... more В сборник включены доклады участников XI-й научно-практической конференции «Наш край в истории России», проходившей 8 апреля 2016 г. в пос. Струги Красные, а также статьи из различных научных изданий и архивные материалы, освещающие археологическое изучение Стругокрасненской земли в период со 2-й половины XIX по начало XXI вв.
Материалы сборника будут полезны всем тем, кто занимается научными проблемами археологического изучения территории Северо-Запада России.
The history of archaeological research of the Strugokrasnensky district of the Pskov region, articles and archival sources are published
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В сборник включены доклады участников XI-й научно-практической конференции «Наш край в истории Ро... more В сборник включены доклады участников XI-й научно-практической конференции «Наш край в истории России», проходившей 8 апреля 2016 г. в пос. Струги Красные, а также статьи из различных научных изданий и архивные материалы, освещающие археологическое изучение Стругокрасненской земли в период со 2-й половины XIX по начало XXI вв.
Материалы сборника будут полезны всем тем, кто занимается научными проблемами археологического изучения территории Северо-Запада России.
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in Russian with English absract
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Papers by Elena Mikhaylova
Stratum plus., 2024
The Udosolovo Stone Burial Ground: Research Results
The Udosolovo burial ground is located in th... more The Udosolovo Stone Burial Ground: Research Results
The Udosolovo burial ground is located in the Far North-West of Russia, south of the coast of the Gulf of Finland on the western outskirts of the Izhora plateau. The site belongs to the culture of stone burial grounds and dates from the end of the 1st millennium BC to the 6th/7th centuries AD. In 2008—2013, it was intensively destroyed as a result of treasure hunting and agricultural activity, so in 2013 and 2016—2017, the authors led there rescue excavations. Several stages in the functioning of the burial ground have been identified. The burials of the pre-Roman Iron Age are represented by corpses in stone boxes (“cysts”), made on a stone layer and partly circled in a boulder fence 1. Burials are directed with the heads of the skeletons to the north. The Roman Iron Age burials include a slanting rectangular fence 2 with a blade filling, typical for the Tarandgräber culture. The major rite of this period was cremation; however, in a layer with the destruction of the fence, no burned items were found. After the partial destruction of the fence, an inhumation directed to the south was made on its limestone pavement. Finds of the middle — the third quarter of the 1st mil. AD come from a layer of crushed stone covering both fences. They are probably associated with the rite of dispersed cremations. Analogs studied by the burial structures
and found objects (brooches, rings, bracelets, knives-kosari, belt buckles) are known in the archaeological sites in Estonia, northern Latvia, southern Finland, and the western part of Leningrad region in Russia.
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Археология и история Пскова и Псковской земли. Ежегодник Семинара имени академика В. В. Седова. Выпуск 37. Материалы 67-го заседания (2022 г.) / Отв. ред. Н.В. Лопатин. М., Псков: ИА РАН, 2022.
The Luga-Oredezh Interfluve as a Border Micro-region
of the Culture of Pskov Long Barrows.
Abstr... more The Luga-Oredezh Interfluve as a Border Micro-region
of the Culture of Pskov Long Barrows.
Abstract. The article analyzes information about the sites of the compact boundary micro-region of the Pskov long barrow culture in the interfluve of the Luga and Oredezh rivers. The history of the study of the sites in the microregion and their spatial distribution are considered. The data about the finds is analyzed. Some materials are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
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Бюллетень ИИМК РАН (охранная археология). № 144, 2023
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Археология Владимиро-Суздальской земли. Материалы научного семинара. Вып. 13, 2023
The article is devoted to the interpretation of the materials of G.S. Lebedev's excavations in th... more The article is devoted to the interpretation of the materials of G.S. Lebedev's excavations in the village Gorodets, Luga district, Leningrad region, in 1970–1973. Two periods of life can be distinguished at the settlement located here: a fortified settlement of the X–XIII centuries and a monastery of the XVI–XVIII centuries. The same complex of sites includes an unfortified settlement to the south of the hillfort and a burial mound (possibly a remnant of a larger burial ground). The early medieval settlement emerged no later than the 10th century on the western edge of the densely populated Vryovo–Cheremenets Lakeland, which is characterized by the presence of several hillforts, non fortified settlements with handmade pottery, high burial mounds (sopkas) and a dense network of sites from the early 2nd millennium. The fortified settlement of Gorodets near Luga probably marks the gradual expansion from the original micro-region. However, it is no less probable that the densely built up fort on an isolated hill, surrounded by a ring rampart, could be connected with the emerging structures of state power, interested in control over local routes and local population.
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Мир Средневековья. Проблемы вещеведения. Материалы научной конференции к 70-летию отдела средневековой археологии, 2022
The article deals with a forged iron object with a sickle-shaped blade, which originated from the... more The article deals with a forged iron object with a sickle-shaped blade, which originated from the excavations of G.S. Lebedev at the hillfort Gorodets near Luga. The object comes from the layer of the 11th century and has no reliable analogies. According to the author, it is a specialized chopping tool that could be used for household work or serve as a weapon.
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Михайловская Пушкиниана. Вып. 12, 2000
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Ладожские чтения. История, археология, искусство. Выпуск 1, 2022
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Археология Владимиро-Суздальской земли. Материалы научного семинара, 2022
The article discusses the metal ornaments, which in the Russian archaeological literature are usu... more The article discusses the metal ornaments, which in the Russian archaeological literature are usually associated with the culture of the Smolensk long mounds; they have often been interpreted as «Baltic», «Balto-Slavic» or «Slavic». Some of these items found in the North-West of the Russian Plain are indeed connected by their origin with the culture of the Smolensk long mounds (so called sickle-shaped temporal rings, a round plaque with a punched ornament from Staraya Ladoga). However, most of the «Smolensk type» items belong to the set of metal ornaments that developed in the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD and is common for the forest zone of Eastern Europe (ring-shaped temporal rings with a curl outside, headband from rows of metal tube beads and clips, trapezoidal pendants with a punched ornament). There is a clear parallelism of the types of jewelry used in the South-Eastern Baltic and the Volga-Oka basin.
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Археология и история Пскова и Псковской земли: Ежегодник Семинара имени академика В.В. Седова. Выпуск 36. Материалы 66-го заседания (2021 г.) / Отв. ред. Н.В. Лопатин, Е.В. Салмина. М.; Псков: ИА РАН, 2021., 2021
The article introduces a number of new finds from the territory of the kurgan-zhalnik burial grou... more The article introduces a number of new finds from the territory of the kurgan-zhalnik burial ground near the village of Kalikhnovshchina, Gdov region. The analyzed finds fall into two chronological groups, one of which dates back to the Middle Ages and is associated with the functioning of the kurgan-pit burial ground, and the other re presents several iron items dated by the first centuries AD. The possibility of the existence of a number of other archaeological sites in the neighborhood is also being considered.
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Записки ИИМК РАН, 2021
Ключевые слова: Ижорская возвышенность (Ижорское плато), Ленинградская обл., курганы, случайные н... more Ключевые слова: Ижорская возвышенность (Ижорское плато), Ленинградская обл., курганы, случайные находки. В статье анализируются сведения о памятниках I-начала II тыс. в восточной части Ижорского плато как возможных свидетельствах ранних этапов освоения данного региона. К ним можно отнести некоторые курганы и курганные группы (Белогорка, Заозерье-1, Вырица, Тайцы-2, Дятлицы-2), а также ряд случайных находок. По мнению автора, массив курганных кладбищ Ижорского плато сформировался в основном на основе местных древностей предшествующего времени-последние очень трудно выявить в зоне интенсивного хозяйственного и рекреационного освоения, которой является западная часть Ленинградской области. Тем не менее имеющиеся в нашем распоряжении разрозненные данные позволяют прогнозировать здесь наличие погребальных памятников с кремациями, скорее всего бескурганных, и культурных слоев поселений.
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Археология и история Пскова и Псковской земли, 2020
Stone burials of second half of 1st – the beginning of 2nd millenium, located to the east from La... more Stone burials of second half of 1st – the beginning of 2nd millenium, located to the east from Lake Peipsi (Pskov-Chudskoe) in the zone of intensive cultural contacts between territories of the Russian North-West and Estonia are considered. Two groups of monuments are distinguished: on the western outskirts of Izhora Plateau and
in Pskov-Izborsk region. Graves of Izhora plateau, similarly to stone burials of North-Eastern Estonia, are so called fenced burials (tarands), built in Roman time and used for burials in middle – third quarter of the 1st millennium. Graves of Pskov-Izborsk region date from the Viking Age (with the exception of Vybuty burial ground) and represent a separate cultural phenomenon. Stone burial grounds of both groups are often topographically connected with later barrow-zhalnik cemeteries, in which fences similar to stone burial grounds are found.
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Seasonal settlement in the medieval and early modern countryside (Ruralia XIII) / Edited by Piers Dixon & Claudia Theune, 2021
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Финно-угорские древности второй половины I – начала II тысячелетия н.э. Материалы научного семинара «Подболотьевский могильник. 100 лет исследования» / Ред.-составитель О.В. Зеленцова, 2021
From the History of Studies of the Slavic-Finnish Relations in Ingermanland and the Vod Land
The... more From the History of Studies of the Slavic-Finnish Relations in Ingermanland and the Vod Land
The article is devoted to the history of archaeological study of contacts and relations of the Finno-speaking peoples of the North-West of Russia with Russian (Slavic) population sharing the same territories during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. According to the author,
by and large the con- cepts that developed in historiography trace back the ideas of the 19th century and need to be significantly adjusted taking into account the materials and ideas accumulated to date. The views on the possibility and methods of archaeological study of ethnocultural development and interethnic relations need to be revised. It is also necessary to abandon the usual straightforward identification of the culture of medieval Rus (the culture of early statehood) with the Slavic one.
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Stratum plus, 2021
A Rare Type Fibula from the Nikolskoye XVII Burial Ground on the Suda River
The article discusses... more A Rare Type Fibula from the Nikolskoye XVII Burial Ground on the Suda River
The article discusses an iron pincer fibula, originating from the excavations led by A. N. Bashenkin on the Suda river. The
fibula comes from a partially destroyed burial ground with cremations Nikolskoye XVII, dating from the 2nd—3rd centuries up
to 9th—10th centuries. Pincer fibulae are a rather rare variety of Roman provincial hinged brooches, most common in Northern
Italy, Eastern Gaul and the Balkans. On the territory of Eastern Europe, finds of pincer fibulae are rare. According to the
author, pincer fibulae could have entered the Sheksna basin from the south, from the side of the Oka basin, most likely in
the 3rd century.
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Books by Elena Mikhaylova
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B978032390799600241X?via=ihub
Материалы сборника будут полезны всем тем, кто занимается научными проблемами археологического изучения территории Северо-Запада России.
The history of archaeological research of the Strugokrasnensky district of the Pskov region, articles and archival sources are published
Материалы сборника будут полезны всем тем, кто занимается научными проблемами археологического изучения территории Северо-Запада России.
Papers by Elena Mikhaylova
The Udosolovo burial ground is located in the Far North-West of Russia, south of the coast of the Gulf of Finland on the western outskirts of the Izhora plateau. The site belongs to the culture of stone burial grounds and dates from the end of the 1st millennium BC to the 6th/7th centuries AD. In 2008—2013, it was intensively destroyed as a result of treasure hunting and agricultural activity, so in 2013 and 2016—2017, the authors led there rescue excavations. Several stages in the functioning of the burial ground have been identified. The burials of the pre-Roman Iron Age are represented by corpses in stone boxes (“cysts”), made on a stone layer and partly circled in a boulder fence 1. Burials are directed with the heads of the skeletons to the north. The Roman Iron Age burials include a slanting rectangular fence 2 with a blade filling, typical for the Tarandgräber culture. The major rite of this period was cremation; however, in a layer with the destruction of the fence, no burned items were found. After the partial destruction of the fence, an inhumation directed to the south was made on its limestone pavement. Finds of the middle — the third quarter of the 1st mil. AD come from a layer of crushed stone covering both fences. They are probably associated with the rite of dispersed cremations. Analogs studied by the burial structures
and found objects (brooches, rings, bracelets, knives-kosari, belt buckles) are known in the archaeological sites in Estonia, northern Latvia, southern Finland, and the western part of Leningrad region in Russia.
of the Culture of Pskov Long Barrows.
Abstract. The article analyzes information about the sites of the compact boundary micro-region of the Pskov long barrow culture in the interfluve of the Luga and Oredezh rivers. The history of the study of the sites in the microregion and their spatial distribution are considered. The data about the finds is analyzed. Some materials are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
in Pskov-Izborsk region. Graves of Izhora plateau, similarly to stone burials of North-Eastern Estonia, are so called fenced burials (tarands), built in Roman time and used for burials in middle – third quarter of the 1st millennium. Graves of Pskov-Izborsk region date from the Viking Age (with the exception of Vybuty burial ground) and represent a separate cultural phenomenon. Stone burial grounds of both groups are often topographically connected with later barrow-zhalnik cemeteries, in which fences similar to stone burial grounds are found.
The article is devoted to the history of archaeological study of contacts and relations of the Finno-speaking peoples of the North-West of Russia with Russian (Slavic) population sharing the same territories during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. According to the author,
by and large the con- cepts that developed in historiography trace back the ideas of the 19th century and need to be significantly adjusted taking into account the materials and ideas accumulated to date. The views on the possibility and methods of archaeological study of ethnocultural development and interethnic relations need to be revised. It is also necessary to abandon the usual straightforward identification of the culture of medieval Rus (the culture of early statehood) with the Slavic one.
The article discusses an iron pincer fibula, originating from the excavations led by A. N. Bashenkin on the Suda river. The
fibula comes from a partially destroyed burial ground with cremations Nikolskoye XVII, dating from the 2nd—3rd centuries up
to 9th—10th centuries. Pincer fibulae are a rather rare variety of Roman provincial hinged brooches, most common in Northern
Italy, Eastern Gaul and the Balkans. On the territory of Eastern Europe, finds of pincer fibulae are rare. According to the
author, pincer fibulae could have entered the Sheksna basin from the south, from the side of the Oka basin, most likely in
the 3rd century.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B978032390799600241X?via=ihub
Материалы сборника будут полезны всем тем, кто занимается научными проблемами археологического изучения территории Северо-Запада России.
The history of archaeological research of the Strugokrasnensky district of the Pskov region, articles and archival sources are published
Материалы сборника будут полезны всем тем, кто занимается научными проблемами археологического изучения территории Северо-Запада России.
The Udosolovo burial ground is located in the Far North-West of Russia, south of the coast of the Gulf of Finland on the western outskirts of the Izhora plateau. The site belongs to the culture of stone burial grounds and dates from the end of the 1st millennium BC to the 6th/7th centuries AD. In 2008—2013, it was intensively destroyed as a result of treasure hunting and agricultural activity, so in 2013 and 2016—2017, the authors led there rescue excavations. Several stages in the functioning of the burial ground have been identified. The burials of the pre-Roman Iron Age are represented by corpses in stone boxes (“cysts”), made on a stone layer and partly circled in a boulder fence 1. Burials are directed with the heads of the skeletons to the north. The Roman Iron Age burials include a slanting rectangular fence 2 with a blade filling, typical for the Tarandgräber culture. The major rite of this period was cremation; however, in a layer with the destruction of the fence, no burned items were found. After the partial destruction of the fence, an inhumation directed to the south was made on its limestone pavement. Finds of the middle — the third quarter of the 1st mil. AD come from a layer of crushed stone covering both fences. They are probably associated with the rite of dispersed cremations. Analogs studied by the burial structures
and found objects (brooches, rings, bracelets, knives-kosari, belt buckles) are known in the archaeological sites in Estonia, northern Latvia, southern Finland, and the western part of Leningrad region in Russia.
of the Culture of Pskov Long Barrows.
Abstract. The article analyzes information about the sites of the compact boundary micro-region of the Pskov long barrow culture in the interfluve of the Luga and Oredezh rivers. The history of the study of the sites in the microregion and their spatial distribution are considered. The data about the finds is analyzed. Some materials are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
in Pskov-Izborsk region. Graves of Izhora plateau, similarly to stone burials of North-Eastern Estonia, are so called fenced burials (tarands), built in Roman time and used for burials in middle – third quarter of the 1st millennium. Graves of Pskov-Izborsk region date from the Viking Age (with the exception of Vybuty burial ground) and represent a separate cultural phenomenon. Stone burial grounds of both groups are often topographically connected with later barrow-zhalnik cemeteries, in which fences similar to stone burial grounds are found.
The article is devoted to the history of archaeological study of contacts and relations of the Finno-speaking peoples of the North-West of Russia with Russian (Slavic) population sharing the same territories during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. According to the author,
by and large the con- cepts that developed in historiography trace back the ideas of the 19th century and need to be significantly adjusted taking into account the materials and ideas accumulated to date. The views on the possibility and methods of archaeological study of ethnocultural development and interethnic relations need to be revised. It is also necessary to abandon the usual straightforward identification of the culture of medieval Rus (the culture of early statehood) with the Slavic one.
The article discusses an iron pincer fibula, originating from the excavations led by A. N. Bashenkin on the Suda river. The
fibula comes from a partially destroyed burial ground with cremations Nikolskoye XVII, dating from the 2nd—3rd centuries up
to 9th—10th centuries. Pincer fibulae are a rather rare variety of Roman provincial hinged brooches, most common in Northern
Italy, Eastern Gaul and the Balkans. On the territory of Eastern Europe, finds of pincer fibulae are rare. According to the
author, pincer fibulae could have entered the Sheksna basin from the south, from the side of the Oka basin, most likely in
the 3rd century.
Eastern Europe. In 2013, a single cremation Rosson 11 was found in a rather untypical landscape in the Narva–Luga Klint Bay area, by the Russian–Estonian border. The burial was located at the foot of Kudruküla palaeospit, 1 km away from the shoreline of the Baltic Sea, in a plain and marshy area. Burnt bones might have belonged to one individual, presumably 15–45 years old, most likely female, as judged from anthropological evidence and assemblage of the preserved burial goods. Cremation was done elsewhere, and the remains were afterwards placed in an urn and a shallow pit. Besides the burnt bones, the contents included fragments of bronze ornamented plates, of a narrow cast bracelet with a longitudinal rib, a fragment of an iron artefact, and fragments of handbuilt pottery. The chronology of typologically pronounced finds allows to date the burial within 5th–6th c. AD. A burnt bone fragment was dated by AMS, within the interval from 420 to 560 cal AD. The Rosson 11 burial differs from burials with stone constructions known in the Izhora Plateau, as well as from Pskov Long Barrows and eastern Lithuanian barrows, although there are many parallels to the bracelet and other finds from the site. This burial can be considered as an evidence that the population of Ingeria did use the coastal landscape in the second half of the 1st millennium AD.
Струго-Красненского района Псковской области, где были изучены могильники культуры псковских
длинных курганов, а также курганный некрополь с ранними древнерусскими ингумациями.
Комплекс археологических памятников у дер. Березица (Стругокрасненский район Псковской области)
включает в себя несколько разнотипных погребальных памятников, датируемых от раннего средневековья
до рубежа Нового времени. Наиболее ранние - курганные группы, оставленные населением культуры
Псковских (псковско-новгородских или псковско-боровичских) длинных курганов. Население этой
культуры - одна из двух основных составляющих формирования древнерусской культуры на территории
Новгородской земли.
Христианский курганный некрополь Березицы III возникает в середине XI в. и наследует часть черт,
присущих погребальной обрядности предшествующего (дохристианского) времени.