Difenhidramin

Difenhidramin
(IUPAC) ime
	2-(difenilmetoksi)-N,N-dimetiletanamin
Klinički podaci
Robne marke	Benadril, Unisom, Somineks
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monografija
MedlinePlus	a682539
Identifikatori
CAS broj	58-73-1
ATC kod	D04AA32 D04AA33, R06AA02
PubChem	3100
DrugBank	DB01075
ChemSpider	2989
UNII	8GTS82S83M
KEGG	D00669
ChEBI	CHEBI:4636
ChEMBL	CHEMBL657
Hemijski podaci
Formula	C17H21NO
Mol. masa	255,355 g/mol
SMILES	eMolekuli & PubHem
InChI
	InChI=1S/C17H21NO/c1-18(2)13-14-19-17(15-9-5-3-6-10-15)16-11-7-4-8-12-16/h3-12,17H,13-14H2,1-2H3 ; Key: ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Farmakokinetički podaci
Bioraspoloživost	40-60%
Vezivanje za proteine plazme	98-99%
Metabolizam	razni citohromi P450: CYP2D6 (80%), 3A4 (10%)
Poluvreme eliminacije	8 sata (deca); 9 to 12 hours (adults); 17 sati (odrasli)
Izlučivanje	94% putem urina, 6% putem fekalija
Farmakoinformacioni podaci
Trudnoća	A(AU) B(US)
Pravni status	na slobodno
Način primene	Oralno, IM, IV, topikalno, supozitorno

Difenhidramin (DPH, DHM, Dimedrol, Daedalon) je prva generacija antihistamina koji su posedovali antiholinergične, antitusivne, antiemetičke, i sedativne osobine, i koji su uglavnom korišteni za tretiranje alergija. Poput većine drugih antihistamina prve generacije, ovaj lek takođe ima jako hipnotičko dejstvo, i iz tog razloga se često koristio kao sredstvo za spavanje dostupno na slobodno; posebno u obliku difenhidramin citrata. On je takođe dostupan kao generički lek. On se može naći u mnogim drugim proizvodima, kao što su Nitol, Unisom, Tajlenol PM, Ekscedrin PM, Midol PM, Zzzquil i Advil PM. Difenhidramin se može koristiti za lečenje ekstrapiramidalnih nuspojava mnogih antipsihotika, kao što su tremori koje možed da uzrokuje haloperidol. Difenhidramin u obliku injekcije se može koristiti za anafilaktičke reakcije) na alergene kao što su ubod pčele, kikiriki, ili lateks, čime se izbegava izlaganje nuspojavama epinefrina. Difenhidramin je član etanolaminske klase antihistaminergičkih agenasa.

Difenhidramin je bio jedan od prvih poznatih antihistamina. On je otkriven 1943.^[10] On je postao prvi antihistamin odobren od strane FDA (1946).^[11]

Reference

↑ Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today 15 (23-24): 1052-7. DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003. PMID 20970519. edit
↑ Evan E. Bolton, Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. DOI:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1.
↑ Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846. edit
↑ Joanne Wixon, Douglas Kell (2000). „Website Review: The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes — KEGG”. Yeast 17 (1): 48–55. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(200004)17:1<48::AID-YEA2>3.0.CO;2-H.
↑ Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP. (2012). „ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery”. Nucleic Acids Res 40 (Database issue): D1100-7. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr777. PMID 21948594. edit
↑ Paton DM, Webster DR (1985). „Clinical pharmacokinetics of H1-receptor antagonists (the antihistamines)”. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 10 (6): 477–97. PMID 2866055.
↑ „Showing Diphenhydramine (DB01075)”. DrugBank. Pristupljeno 5. 9. 2009.
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 Simons KJ, Watson WT, Martin TJ, Chen XY, Simons FE (July 1990). „Diphenhydramine: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in elderly adults, young adults, and children”. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 30 (7): 665–71. PMID 2391399. ^{[mrtav link]}
↑ Garnett, WR (1986). „Diphenhydramine”. Am Pharm (NS26(2)): 35–40.
↑ Hevesi D (29. 09. 2007.). „George Rieveschl, 91, Allergy Reliever, Dies”. The New York Times. Pristupljeno 14. 10. 2008.
↑ Ritchie J (24. 09. 2007.). „UC prof, Benadryl inventor dies”. Business Courier of Cincinnati. Pristupljeno 14. 10. 2008.

Literatura

Charlton BG (2005). „Self-management of psychiatric symptoms using over-the-counter (OTC) psychopharmacology: the S-DTM therapeutic model--Self-diagnosis, self-treatment, self-monitoring”. Med. Hypotheses 65 (5): 823–8. DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.07.013. PMID 16111835.
Lieberman JA (2003). „History of the use of antidepressants in primary care”. Primary Care Companion, J. Clinical Psychiatry 5 (supplement 7).

Povezano

Spoljašnje veze

	Portal Medicina
	Portal Hemija

Prescription Information Arhivirano 2011-07-15 na Wayback Machine-u (PDF)
Diphenhydramine Arhivirano 2013-01-06 na Wayback Machine-u University of Maryland Medical Center Medical References
Diphenhydramine entry for recreational use at Drugs-Wiki^{[mrtav link]}
Man 'took own life' in courtroom – suicide by Diphenhydramine – BBC News

[1] Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today 15 (23-24): 1052-7. DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003. PMID 20970519. edit

[2] Evan E. Bolton, Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. DOI:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1.

[3] Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846. edit

[4] Joanne Wixon, Douglas Kell (2000). „Website Review: The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes — KEGG”. Yeast 17 (1): 48–55. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(200004)17:1<48::AID-YEA2>3.0.CO;2-H.

[5] Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B, Overington JP. (2012). „ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery”. Nucleic Acids Res 40 (Database issue): D1100-7. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr777. PMID 21948594. edit

[pmid2866055-6] Paton DM, Webster DR (1985). „Clinical pharmacokinetics of H1-receptor antagonists (the antihistamines)”. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 10 (6): 477–97. PMID 2866055.

[7] „Showing Diphenhydramine (DB01075)”. DrugBank. Pristupljeno 5. 9. 2009.

[pmid2391399-8] 8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 Simons KJ, Watson WT, Martin TJ, Chen XY, Simons FE (July 1990). „Diphenhydramine: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in elderly adults, young adults, and children”. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 30 (7): 665–71. PMID 2391399. ^{[mrtav link]}

[9] Garnett, WR (1986). „Diphenhydramine”. Am Pharm (NS26(2)): 35–40.

[10] Hevesi D (29. 09. 2007.). „George Rieveschl, 91, Allergy Reliever, Dies”. The New York Times. Pristupljeno 14. 10. 2008.

[BC-11] Ritchie J (24. 09. 2007.). „UC prof, Benadryl inventor dies”. Business Courier of Cincinnati. Pristupljeno 14. 10. 2008.

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