WO2025072417A1

WO2025072417A1 - Polysaccharide derivatives

Info

Publication number: WO2025072417A1
Application number: PCT/US2024/048528
Authority: WO
Inventors: Zhengzheng HUANG; Ikenna EZENWAJIAKU; Natnael Behabtu; Helen Lu; David L. Frattarelli
Original assignee: Nutrition and Biosciences USA 4 Inc
Current assignee: Nutrition and Biosciences USA 4 Inc
Priority date: 2023-09-29
Filing date: 2024-09-26
Publication date: 2025-04-03
Anticipated expiration: 2026-03-29

Abstract

Disclosed herein are compositions that comprise at least one acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative. Such a derivative can be produced by contacting acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) up to about 3.0 with at least one group formed by the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid. Further disclosed are methods of producing acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives, as well as their use in various applications and products.

Description

TITLE

POLYSACCHARIDE DERIVATIVES

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 63/587,014 (filed September 29, 2023), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure is in the field of polysaccharide derivatives. For example, the disclosure pertains to acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-derivatized polysaccharides, and use of this material in various applications.

BACKGROUND

Multifunctional detergent compositions have been produced that provide cleaning, water-softening, and rinsing benefits. To illustrate, detergent formulations for automatic dishwashers and other appliances have been designed to function under hardwater conditions. Hardwater cations such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ can crystalize with carbonate and form insoluble salts that form deposits (also known as scaling) on surfaces such as dishware or appliance internal components (e.g., pipes, sprayers). Hardwater cations also play a role in soap scum formation. Bio-based ingredients such as sodium citrate, methylglycinediacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA), and L-glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) can help prevent these unwanted deposits by sequestering hardwater cations and keeping them in solution. However, none of these ingredients are sufficient at preventing hardwater surface deposits after repetitive washing steps. Inhibition of hardwater deposit formation has more successfully been addressed by incorporating completely synthetic polymers (often 100% petroleumbased) such as polyacrylates (e.g., sulfonated polyacrylates) or diphosphonates (e.g., 1- hydroxyethylidene-1 ,1-diphosphonic acid [HEDP]) in detergent compositions. These ingredients are non-renewable and not readily biodegradable; due to such environmental concerns, these and related ingredients are the subject of increasing governmental regulation.

Several detergent products have been developed that comprise one or more environmentally friendly components, but these products often fail to deliver acceptable cleaning performance to consumers (e.g., the aforementioned bio-based agents). Thus, there remains a need for cleaning composition ingredients that are renewable and/or biodegradable, and that provide cleaning performance that is equal to, or better than, the performance of products with synthetic components. Polysaccharide derivatives and detergent compositions comprising one or more of these polysaccharide derivatives, for example, are disclosed herein that address this need. SUMMARY

In one embodiment, the present disclosure concerns a composition/product comprising at least one acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative (acrylic acid-grafted and/or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide), wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by contacting acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide or a polysaccharide that has already been derivatized with an organic group, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid- polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) up to about 3.0 with at least one group formed by the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid (i.e. , DoS up to about 3.0 with at least one acrylic acid-derived group).

In another embodiment, the present disclosure concerns a method of washing or treating a hard surface, the method comprising: (a) contacting the hard surface with a washing/treating composition that comprises an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid- polysaccharide derivative as presently disclosed, and (b) removing all of, or a portion of, the washing/treating composition from the hard surface; thereby washing or treating the hard surface, wherein the washed/treated hard surface has reduced filming, spotting, haze, or other deposition, optionally wherein the hard surface is that of glass, plastic, ceramic, porcelain, metal, or stone.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure concerns a method of producing an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative as presently disclosed, the method comprising: (a) contacting acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide or a polysaccharide that has already been derivatized with an organic group, thereby producing an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) up to about 3.0 with at least one group formed by the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid, and (b) optionally isolating the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid- polysaccharide derivative.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The disclosures of all cited patent and non-patent literature are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Unless otherwise disclosed, the terms “a” and “an” as used herein are intended to encompass one or more (i.e., at least one) of a referenced feature.

Where present, all ranges are inclusive and combinable, except as otherwise noted. For example, when a range of “1 to 5” (i.e., 1-5) is recited, the recited range should be construed as including ranges “1 to 4”, “1 to 3”, “1-2”, “1-2 & 4-5”, “1-3 & 5”, and the like. The numerical values of the various ranges in the present disclosure, unless expressly indicated otherwise, are stated as approximations as though the minimum and maximum values within the stated ranges were both proceeded by the word “about”. In this manner, slight variations above and below the stated ranges can typically be used to achieve substantially the same results as values within the ranges. Also, the disclosure of these ranges is intended as a continuous range including each and every value between the minimum and maximum values.

It is intended that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.

It is to be appreciated that certain features of the present disclosure, which are, for clarity, described above and below in the context of aspects/embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single element. Conversely, various features of the disclosure that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single aspect/embodiment, can also be provided separately or in any sub-combination.

The term “polysaccharide” (or “glycan”) means a polymeric carbohydrate molecule composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages and on hydrolysis gives the polysaccharide’s constituent monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides. A polysaccharide herein can be linear or branched, and/or can be a homopolysaccharide (comprised of only one type of constituent monosaccharide) or heteropolysaccharide (comprised of two or more different constituent monosaccharides). Examples of polysaccharides herein include glucan (polyglucose), fructan (polyfructose), galactan (polygalactose), mannan (polymannose), arabinan (polyarabinose), xylan (polyxylose), alginate (alginic acid) and soy polysaccharide.

A “glucan” herein is a type of polysaccharide that is a polymer of glucose (polyglucose). A glucan can be comprised of, for example, about, or at least about, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% by weight glucose monomeric units. Examples of glucans herein are alpha-glucan and beta-glucan. The terms “alpha-glucan”, “alpha-glucan polymer” and the like are used interchangeably herein. An alpha-glucan is a polymer comprising glucose monomeric units linked together by alpha-glycosidic linkages. In typical aspects, the glycosidic linkages of an alpha-glucan herein are about, or at least about, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% alpha-glycosidic linkages. Examples of alpha-glucan polymers herein include alpha-1 , 3-glucan, alpha-1 ,4-glucan, and alpha-1 ,6-glucan.

The terms “beta-glucan”, “beta-glucan polymer” and the like are used interchangeably herein. A beta-glucan is a polymer comprising glucose monomeric units linked together by beta-glycosidic linkages. In typical aspects, the glycosidic linkages of a beta-glucan herein are about, or at least about, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% beta-glycosidic linkages. Examples of beta-glucan polymers herein include beta- 1 , 3-glucan, beta-1 ,4-glucan, and beta-1 , 6-glucan.

The term “saccharide” and other like terms herein refer to monosaccharides and/or disaccharides/oligosaccharides, unless otherwise noted. A “disaccharide” herein refers to a carbohydrate having two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage. An “oligosaccharide” herein can refer to a carbohydrate having 3 to 15 monosaccharides, for example, joined by glycosidic linkages. An oligosaccharide can also be referred to as an “oligomer”. Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose and/or fructose) comprised within disaccharides/oligosaccharides can be referred to as “monomeric units”, “monosaccharide units”, or other like terms.

The terms “alpha-1 , 3-glucan”, “poly alpha-1 , 3-glucan”, “alpha-1 , 3-glucan polymer” and the like are used interchangeably herein. Alpha-1 , 3-glucan is an alphaglucan comprising glucose monomeric units linked together by glycosidic linkages, wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic linkages are alpha-1 ,3. Alpha-1 , 3-glucan in some aspects comprises about, or at least about, 90%, 95%, or 100% alpha-1 ,3 glycosidic linkages. Most or all of the other linkages, if present, in alpha-1 , 3-glucan herein typically are alpha-1 ,6, though some linkages may also be alpha-1 ,2 and/or alpha-1 ,4. Alpha-1 , 3-glucan herein is typically water-insoluble.

The terms “alpha-1 , 6-glucan”, “poly alpha-1 ,6-glucan”, “alpha-1 ,6-glucan polymer”, “dextran”, and the like herein refer to a water-soluble alpha-glucan comprising glucose monomeric units linked together by glycosidic linkages, wherein at least about 40% of the glycosidic linkages are alpha-1 ,6. Alpha-1 , 6-glucan in some aspects comprises about, or at least about, 90%, 95%, or 100% alpha-1 ,6 glycosidic linkages. Other linkages that can optionally be present in alpha-1 , 6-glucan include alpha-1 ,2, alpha-1 ,3, and/or alpha-1 ,4 linkages.

The terms “alpha-1 , 4-glucan”, “poly alpha-1 ,4-glucan”, “alpha-1 ,4-glucan polymer” and the like are used interchangeably herein. Alpha-1 , 4-glucan is an alphaglucan comprising glucose monomeric units linked together by glycosidic linkages, wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic linkages are alpha-1 ,4. Alpha-1 ,4-glucan in some aspects comprises about, or at least about, 90%, 95%, or 100% alpha-1 ,4 glycosidic linkages. Most or all of other linkages (if present) in alpha-1 ,4-glucan herein typically are alpha-1 ,6 (typically forming a branch), but can also be alpha-1 ,2 and/or alpha-1 ,3. Examples of alpha-1 ,4-glucan herein include amylose, amylopectin, and starch.

The terms “beta-1 ,4-glucan”, “poly beta-1 , 4-glucan”, “beta-1 ,4-glucan polymer”, “cellulose”, and the like are used interchangeably herein. Beta-1 ,4-glucan is a waterinsoluble beta-glucan comprising glucose monomeric units linked together by glycosidic linkages, wherein about 100% of the glycosidic linkages are beta-1 ,4. Beta-1 , 4-glucan can be as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2018/0334696

The terms “beta-1 , 3-glucan”, “poly beta-1 , 3-glucan”, “beta-1 , 3-glucan polymer” and the like are used interchangeably herein. Beta-1 , 3-glucan is a beta-glucan comprising glucose monomeric units linked together by glycosidic linkages, wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic linkages are beta-1 ,3. Beta-1 , 3-glucan in some aspects comprises about, or at least about, 90%, 95%, or 100% beta-1 ,3 glycosidic linkages. Most or all of other linkages (if present) in beta-1 , 3-glucan herein typically are beta-1 ,6 (typically forming a branch). Beta-1 , 3-glucan can be as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2014/0287919 and Stone, B. A. (2009, Chemistry of Beta- Glucans, In Antony Bacic et al., Eds., Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology of 1-3 Beta Glucans and Related Polysaccharides, Academic Press, Burlington, MA), which are incorporated herein by reference.

The terms “soy polysaccharide” and “soy fiber” are used interchangeably herein, and refer to high molecular weight, water-insoluble polysaccharide material that can be obtained from soybeans. Typically, soy polysaccharide is obtained from cell wall structural components of soybeans. Soy polysaccharide herein can be as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2018/0079832, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The terms “alginate”, “alginic acid”, “algin” and the like are used interchangeably herein. Alginate is a linear copolymer with homopolymeric blocks of (1 ,4)-linked beta-D- mannuronate (Ma) and alpha-L-guluronate (Gu) residues, respectively, linked together in different sequences or blocks. The monomers may appear in homopolymeric blocks of consecutive Gu residues (Gu-blocks), consecutive Ma residues (Ma-blocks), or alternating Ma and Gu residues (MaGu-blocks).

An “alpha-1 ,2 branch” (and like terms) as referred to herein typically comprises a glucose that is alpha-1 , 2-linked to a dextran backbone; thus, an alpha-1 ,2 branch herein can also be referred to as an alpha-1 ,2,6 linkage. An alpha-1 ,2 branch herein typically has one glucose group (can optionally be referred to as a pendant glucose).

An “alpha-1 ,3 branch” (and like terms) as referred to herein typically comprises a glucose that is alpha-1 , 3-linked to a dextran backbone; thus, an alpha-1 ,3 branch herein can also be referred to as an alpha-1 ,3,6 linkage. An alpha-1 ,3 branch herein typically has one glucose group (can optionally be referred to as a pendant glucose).

The term “copolymer” in some aspects refers to a polymer comprising at least two different types of alpha-glucan, such as dextran and alpha-1 ,3-glucan.

The terms “graft copolymer”, “branched copolymer” and the like herein generally refer to a copolymer comprising a “backbone” (or “main chain”) and one or more side chains branching from the backbone. The side chains are structurally distinct from the backbone.

Examples of graft copolymers herein are “dextran-alpha-1 ,3-glucan graft copolymers” (and like terms) that comprise a backbone comprising dextran, and one or more side chains of alpha-1 , 3-glucan. A backbone in some aspects can itself be a branched dextran as disclosed herein; the addition of alpha-1 ,3-glucan side chains to such a backbone (thereby forming a graft copolymer herein) can be, for example, via enzymatic extension from non-reducing ends presented by short branches (alpha-1 ,2, - 1 ,3, or -1 ,4 branch, each typically comprised of a single glucose monomer; i.e., pendant glucose). Short branches (that can be enzymatically extended into an alpha-1 ,3-glucan side chain) can be present on an otherwise linear or mostly linear dextran, or can be present on a branching dextran. In some aspects, alpha-1 , 3-glucan can also be synthesized from non-reducing ends of dextran main chains, such as in embodiments in which the dextran backbone is linear or mostly linear, or embodiments in which the dextran backbone is branching (e.g., dendritic, or not dendritic [branches do not emanate from a core] but has branch-on-branch structure); such alpha-1 , 3-glucan is not, technically-speaking, a side chain to the dextran, but rather an extension from the dextran main chain(s). The percent branching in a polysaccharide herein refers to that percentage of all the linkages in the polysaccharide that represent branch points. For example, the percent of alpha-1 ,2 branching in an alpha-glucan herein refers to that percentage of all the linkages in the glucan that represent alpha-1 ,2 branch points. Except as otherwise noted, linkage percentages disclosed herein are based on the total linkages of a polysaccharide, or the portion of a polysaccharide for which a disclosure specifically regards.

The terms “linkage”, “glycosidic linkage”, “glycosidic bond” and the like refer to the covalent bonds connecting the sugar monomers within a saccharide compound (oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides). Examples of glycosidic linkages include 1 ,6- alpha-D-glycosidic linkages (herein also referred to as “alpha-1 ,6” linkages), 1 ,3-alpha- D-glycosidic linkages (herein also referred to as “alpha-1 ,3” linkages), 1 ,4-alpha-D- glycosidic linkages (herein also referred to as “alpha-1 ,4” linkages), and 1 ,2-alpha-D- glycosidic linkages (herein also referred to as “alpha-1 ,2” linkages).

The glycosidic linkage profile of a polysaccharide or derivative thereof can be determined using any method known in the art. For example, a linkage profile can be determined using methods using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (e.g., ¹³C NMR and/or ¹H NMR). These and other methods that can be used are disclosed in, for example, Food Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Physical Properties, and Applications (S. W. Cui, Ed., Chapter 3, S. W. Cui, Structural Analysis of Polysaccharides, Taylor & Francis Group LLC, Boca Raton, FL, 2005), which is incorporated herein by reference.

The “molecular weight” of a polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative herein can be represented as weight-average molecular weight (Mw) or number-average molecular weight (Mn), the units of which are in Daltons (Da) or grams/mole. Alternatively, molecular weight can be represented as DPw (weight average degree of polymerization) or DPn (number average degree of polymerization). The molecular weight of smaller polysaccharide polymers such as oligosaccharides can optionally be provided as “DP” (degree of polymerization), which simply refers to the number of monomers comprised within the polysaccharide; “DP” can also characterize the molecular weight of a polymer on an individual molecule basis. Various means are known in the art for calculating these various molecular weight measurements such as with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), or gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

As used herein, Mw can be calculated as Mw = ZNiMi² 1 ZNiMi; where Mi is the molecular weight of an individual chain i and Ni is the number of chains of that molecular weight. Besides SEC, the Mw of a polymer can be determined by other techniques such as static light scattering, mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight), small angle X-ray or neutron scattering, or ultracentrifugation. As used herein, Mn can be calculated as Mn = ZNiMi I ZNi where Mi is the molecular weight of a chain i and Ni is the number of chains of that molecular weight. Besides SEC, the Mn of a polymer can be determined by various colligative property methods such as vapor pressure osmometry, end-group determination by spectroscopic methods such as proton NMR, proton FTIR, or UV-Vis. As used herein, DPw and DPn can be calculated from Mw and Mn, respectively, by dividing them by molar mass of the one monomer unit Mi. In the case of unsubstituted glucan polymer, Mi = 162. In the case of a substituted (derivatized) glucan polymer, Mi = 162 + M_f x DoS, where M_f is molar mass of the substituting group, and DoS is degree of substitution (average number of substituted groups per one glucose unit of the glucan polymer).

“Acrylic acid”, “acrylate” “propenoic acid”, “propenoate”, “prop-2-enoic acid” and like terms herein refer to the compound having the formula/structure:

, salt thereof (e.g., sodium salt), or anion form thereof. This formula regards acrylic acid/acrylate as it exists before being derivatized to a polysaccharide.

“Itaconic acid”, “itaconate” and like terms herein refer to the compound having the formula/structure:

, salt thereof (e.g., sodium salt), or anionic form thereof. This formula regards itaconic acid/itaconate as it exists before being derivatized to a polysaccharide.

An “acrylic acid polysaccharide derivative” (and like terms such as “acrylic acid- grafted polysaccharide”) herein (e.g., an acrylic acid glucan derivative) typically refers to a polysaccharide that has been substituted with acrylic acid or acrylic acid-derived group, and optionally further substituted with at least one other type of organic group (i.e. , the acrylic acid group is also considered to be an organic group). The degree of substitution (DoS) of a polysaccharide derivative herein can be up to about 3.0 (e.g., about 0.001 to about 3.0). "Acrylic acid group”, “acrylate group” and like terms herein refer to a group that is formed on (substituted onto) a polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative when derivatizing it with acrylic acid (by contacting/reacting the polysaccharide with the acrylic acid under suitable conditions for derivatizing the polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative with the acrylic acid). Examples of an acrylic acid group herein include acrylate and polyacrylate groups. While an acrylic acid group typically is linked to an acrylic acid polysaccharide derivative herein via an ether linkage (or possibly an ester linkage), an organic group (aside from the acrylic group) can be linked to a polysaccharide derivative herein via an ether, ester, carbamate/carbamoyl, sulfonyl, or carbonate linkage, for example.

An “itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative” (and like terms such as “itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide”) herein (e.g., an itaconic acid glucan derivative) typically refers to a polysaccharide that has been substituted with itaconic acid or itaconic acid- derived group, and optionally further substituted with at least one other type of organic group (i.e. , the itaconic acid group is also considered to be an organic group). The degree of substitution (DoS) of a polysaccharide derivative herein can be up to about 3.0 (e.g., about 0.001 to about 3.0). “Itaconic acid group”, “itaconate group” and like terms herein refer to a group that is formed on (substituted onto) a polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative when derivatizing it with itaconic acid (by contacting/reacting the polysaccharide with the itaconic acid under suitable conditions for derivatizing the polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative with the itaconic acid). Examples of an itaconic acid group herein include itaconate and polyitaconate groups. While a polyitaconate acid group typically is linked to a polyitaconate acid polysaccharide derivative herein via an ether linkage (or possibly an ester linkage), an organic group (aside from the polyitaconate group) can be linked to a polysaccharide derivative herein via an ether, ester, carbamate/carbamoyl, sulfonyl, or carbonate linkage, for example.

An organic group herein typically is uncharged (nonionic) or anionic; generally, such charge can be as it exists when the organic group is in an aqueous composition herein, further taking into account the pH of the aqueous composition (in some aspects, the pH can be 4-10 or 5-9, or any pH as disclosed herein). As present in a polysaccharide derivative herein, an organic group that comprises a carboxylic acid or carboxylate group can be a carboxylic acid or carboxylate group by itself (e.g., carbon 6 of glucose can be -COOH or -COO j, or can be an organic group that is (i) ether-, ester-, carbamate-, sulfonyl-, or carbonate-l inked to a polysaccharide and (ii) comprises a carboxylic acid or carboxylate group (e.g., a carboxy alkyl group such as carboxymethyl). Acrylic acid and itaconic acid groups herein typically comprise carboxylic acid and/or carboxylate groups.

The term “degree of substitution” (DoS, or DS) as used herein refers to the average number of hydroxyl groups that are substituted with one or more acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid groups and optionally one or more other organic groups (e.g., via an ether, ester, or other linkage herein) in each monomeric unit of a polysaccharide derivative. The DoS of a polysaccharide derivative herein can be stated with reference to the DoS of a specific substituent, or the overall DoS, which is the sum of the DoS values of different substituent types. Unless otherwise disclosed, when DoS is not stated with reference to a specific substituent type, the overall DoS is meant.

The term “molar substitution” (M.S.) as used herein refers to the moles of acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid group and optionally another organic group per monomeric unit of a polysaccharide derivative herein. It is noted that the molar substitution value for a polysaccharide derivative, for example, may have a very high upper limit, for example in the hundreds or even thousands. For example, if an organic group is a hydroxylcontaining alkyl group, via the addition of ethylene oxide to one of the hydroxyl groups of a polysaccharide, then the so-formed hydroxyl group from the ethylene oxide can then be further etherified to form a polyether.

Terms used herein regarding “ethers” (e.g., polysaccharide ether derivative) can be as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. 2014/179913, 2016/0304629, 2015/0239995, 2018/0230241 , 2018/0237816, 2020/0002646, 2023/0212325, 2023/0235097, or 2024/0301325, or Int. Patent Appl. Publ. No. WO2021/257786, which are each incorporated herein by reference. The terms “polysaccharide ether derivative”, “polysaccharide ether compound”, “polysaccharide ether”, and the like are used interchangeably herein. A polysaccharide ether derivative herein is polysaccharide that has been etherified with one or more organic groups (e.g., uncharged, anionic) (optionally in addition to being derivatized with acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid) such that the derivative has a DoS with one or more acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid groups and organic groups of up to about 3.0. Typically, an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid group as derivatized to a polysaccharide is in ether linkage with the polysaccharide, and thus can optionally be considered as ether groups. A polysaccharide ether derivative is termed an “ether” herein by virtue of comprising the substructure -CG-O-C-, where “-CG-” represents a carbon atom of a monomeric unit (e.g., glucose) of the polysaccharide ether derivative (where such carbon atom was bonded to a hydroxyl group [-OH] in the polysaccharide precursor of the ether), and where “-C-” is a carbon atom of an organic group.

Terms used herein regarding “esters” (e.g., polysaccharide ester derivative) can be as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. 2014/0187767, 2018/0155455, 2020/0308371 , or 2023/0287148, or Int. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. WO2021252575 or WO2023/287684, which are each incorporated herein by reference. The terms “polysaccharide ester derivative”, “polysaccharide ester compound”, “polysaccharide ester”, and the like are used interchangeably herein. A polysaccharide ester derivative herein is polysaccharide that has been esterified with one or more organic groups (i.e. , acyl groups) (optionally in addition to being derivatized with acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid) such that the derivative has a DoS with one or more acrylic acid groups (and/or itaconic acid groups) and organic groups of up to about 3.0. In some aspects, an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid group as derivatized to a polysaccharide is in ester linkage with the polysaccharide, and thus can optionally be considered as ester groups. A polysaccharide ester derivative is termed an “ester” herein by virtue of comprising the substructure -CG-O-CO-C-, where “-CG-” represents a carbon atom of a monomeric unit (e.g., glucose) of the polysaccharide ester derivative (where such carbon atom was bonded to a hydroxyl group [-OH] in the polysaccharide precursor of the ester), and where “-CO-C-” is comprised in the acyl group.

The terms “polysaccharide carbamate derivative”, “polysaccharide carbamate”, “carbamoyl polysaccharide” and the like are used interchangeably herein. A polysaccharide carbamate derivative contains (optionally in addition to being derivatized 2 i with acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid) the linkage moiety -OCONH- or — O-C-N— _anc| thus comprises the substructure -CG-OCONH-CR- or -CG-OCON-CR2-, where “-CG-” represents a carbon of a monomer unit (e.g., glucose) of the polysaccharide carbamate derivative, and “-CR-” is comprised in the organic group. In some aspects, the nitrogen atom of a carbamate/carbamoyl moiety is linked to a hydrogen atom and an organic group. In some aspects, however, the nitrogen atom of a carbamate/carbamoyl moiety is linked to two organic groups (as indicated by “-CR2-” above), which can be the same (e.g., two methyl groups, two ethyl groups) or different (e.g., a methyl group and an ethyl group).

The terms “polysaccharide sulfonyl derivative”, “sulfonyl polysaccharide” and the like are used interchangeably herein. A polysaccharide sulfonyl derivative contains (optionally in addition to being derivatized with acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid) the linkage moiety -OSO2-, and thus comprises the substructure -CG-O-SC>2-CR-, where “-CG-” represents a carbon of a monomer unit (e.g., glucose) of the polysaccharide sulfonyl derivative, and “-CR-” is comprised in the organic group. A sulfonyl linkage herein is not ionizable. Sulfonyl groups of a polysaccharide sulfonyl derivative herein can be as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. No. 2023/0212325, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The terms “polysaccharide carbonate derivative”, “carbonate polysaccharide” and the like are used interchangeably herein. A polysaccharide carbonate derivative contains (optionally in addition to being derivatized with acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid) the linkage moiety -OCOO- and thus comprises the substructure -CG-O-COO-CR-, where “-CG-” represents a carbon of a monomer unit (e.g., glucose) of the polysaccharide carbonate derivative, and where “-CR-” is comprised in the organic group. A carbonate linkage herein is not ionizable. Carbonate groups of a polysaccharide carbonate derivative herein can be as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. No. 2023/0212325, which is incorporated herein by reference.

A “sulfonate” group herein can be as disclosed, for example, in I nt. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. WO2019/246228, or U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2021/0253977, which are each incorporated herein by reference.

An “oxidized polysaccharide derivative” (and like terms) herein refers to a compound resulting from oxidation of a polysaccharide derivative such as presently disclosed. Such oxidation can occur, for example, at one or more hydroxyl groups of monomeric units of a polysaccharide derivative, and/or at one or more hydroxyl groups of substituting organic groups of the polysaccharide derivative. Oxidation can independently convert hydroxyl groups to an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic group. A polysaccharide derivative herein can be oxidized by contacting it with one or more oxidizing/oxidation agents under aqueous conditions, for example. In some aspects, a polysaccharide derivative herein can be oxidized before, or after, it has been acrylic acid-derivatized (and/or itaconic acid-derivatized) and optionally further organic group- derivatized. An oxidation reaction herein can be performed, for example, as disclosed in the below Examples or as disclosed in Int. Pat. Appl. Publ. Nos. WO2022/178073 or WO2022/178075, or U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. Nos. 2024/0199766 or 2024/0150497, which are each incorporated herein by reference.

The terms “aqueous liquid”, “aqueous fluid”, “aqueous conditions”, “aqueous reaction conditions”, “aqueous setting”, “aqueous system” and the like as used herein can refer to water or an aqueous solution. An “aqueous solution” herein can comprise one or more dissolved salts, where the maximal total salt concentration can be about 3.5 wt% in some aspects. Although aqueous liquids herein typically comprise water as the only solvent in the liquid, an aqueous liquid can optionally comprise one or more other solvents (e.g., polar organic solvent) that are miscible in water. Thus, an aqueous solution can comprise a solvent having at least about 10 wt% water.

An “aqueous composition” herein has a liquid component that comprises about, or at least about, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 99, or 100 wt% water, for example. Examples of aqueous compositions include mixtures, solutions, dispersions (e.g., suspensions, colloidal dispersions) and emulsions, for example.

Compositions of the present disclosure can provide stability to a dispersion or emulsion in some aspects. The “stability” (or the quality of being “stable”) of a dispersion or emulsion herein is, for example, the ability of dispersed particles of a dispersion, or liquid droplets dispersed in another liquid (emulsion), to remain dispersed (e.g., about, or at least about, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100 wt% of the particles of the dispersion or liquid droplets of the emulsion are in a dispersed state) for a period of about, or at least about, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, or 36 months following initial preparation of the dispersion or emulsion. A stable dispersion or emulsion in some aspects can resist total sedimentation, flocculation, and/or coalescence of dispersed/emulsified material.

A polysaccharide derivative herein that is “soluble”, “aqueous-soluble”, or “water- soluble” (and like terms) herein dissolves (or appreciably dissolves) in water or other aqueous conditions, optionally where the aqueous conditions are further characterized to have a pH of 4-9 (e.g., pH 6-8) and/or temperature of about 1 to 130 °C (e.g., 20-25 °C). In some aspects, an aqueous-soluble polysaccharide derivative is soluble at 1% by weight or higher in pH 7 water at 25 °C. In contrast, a polysaccharide derivative that is “insoluble”, “aqueous-insoluble”, or “water-insoluble” (and like terms) does not dissolve under these conditions. In some aspects, less than 1 .0 gram (e.g., no detectable amount) of an aqueous-insoluble polysaccharide derivative dissolves in 1000 milliliters of such aqueous conditions (e.g., water at 23 °C).

The term “household care product” and like terms typically refer to products, goods and services relating to the treatment, cleaning, caring and/or conditioning of a home and its contents. The foregoing include, for example, chemicals, compositions, products, or combinations thereof having application in such care.

The terms “fabric”, “textile”, “cloth” and the like are used interchangeably herein to refer to a woven material having a network of natural and/or artificial fibers. Such fibers can be in the form of thread or yam, for example. A “fabric care composition” and like terms refer to any composition suitable for treating fabric in some manner. Examples of such a composition include laundry detergents and fabric softeners, which are examples of laundry care compositions.

A “detergent composition” herein typically comprises at least a surfactant (detergent compound) and/or a builder. A “surfactant” herein refers to a substance that tends to reduce the surface tension of a liquid in which the substance is dissolved. A surfactant may act as a detergent, wetting agent, emulsifier, foaming agent, and/or dispersant, for example.

The terms “heavy duty detergent”, “all-purpose detergent” and the like are used interchangeably herein to refer to a detergent useful for regular washing of white and/or colored textiles at any temperature. The terms “low duty detergent”, “fine fabric detergent” and the like are used interchangeably herein to refer to a detergent useful for the care of delicate fabrics such as viscose, wool, silk, microfiber, or other fabric requiring special care. “Special care” can include conditions of using excess water, low agitation, and/or no bleach, for example.

The terms “builder”, “builder agent” and the like herein refer to compositions that, for example, can complex with hard water cations such as calcium and magnesium cations. Such complex formation is believed to prevent the formation of water-insoluble salts and/or other complexes by the cation(s). In the context of a detergent composition for cleaning or maintenance applications, a builder added thereto typically can enhance or maintain the cleaning efficiency of a surfactant present in the detergent composition. The terms “builder capacity”, “builder activity” and the like are used interchangeably herein and refer to the ability of an aqueous composition to exhibit features endowed by one or more builders present in the aqueous composition. An acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative in some aspects herein can be used as a builder.

The terms “flocculant”, “flocculation agent”, “flocculation composition”, “agglomeration agent”, and the like herein refer to substances that can promote agglomeration/clumping/coalescence of insoluble particles suspended in water or other aqueous liquid, thereby rendering the particles more easy to remove by settling/sedimentation, filtration, pelleting, and/or other suitable means. Flocculation of particles typically can be performed in a process of removing/separating particles from an aqueous suspension. An acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative in some aspects herein can be used as a flocculant.

The term “personal care product” and like terms typically refer to products, goods and services relating to the treatment, cleaning, cleansing, caring or conditioning of a person. The foregoing include, for example, chemicals, compositions, products, or combinations thereof having application in such care.

The terms “ingestible product”, “ingestible composition” and the like refer to any substance that, either alone or together with another substance, may be taken orally (i.e. , by mouth). “Non-edible products” (“non-edible compositions”) refer to any composition that can be taken by the mouth for purposes other than food or beverage consumption. Examples of non-edible products herein include supplements, nutraceuticals, functional food products, pharmaceutical products, oral care products (e.g., dentifrices, mouthwashes), and cosmetic products such as sweetened lip balms.

The term “medical product” and like terms typically refer to products, goods and services relating to the diagnosis, treatment, and/or care of patients.

A “pharmaceutical product”, “medicine”, “medication”, “drug” or like term herein refers to a composition used to treat disease or injury, and can be administered enterally or parenterally.

The term “industrial product” and like terms typically refer to products, goods and services used in industrial and/or institutional settings, but typically not by individual consumers.

The term “viscosity” as used herein refers to the measure of the extent to which a fluid (aqueous or non-aqueous) resists a force tending to cause it to flow. Various units of viscosity that can be used herein include centipoise (cP, cps) and Pascal-second (Pa s), for example. A centipoise is one one-hundredth of a poise; one poise is equal to 0.100 kg m-¹ s-¹. Viscosity can be reported as “intrinsic viscosity” (IV, r|, units of dL/g) in some aspects; this term refers to a measure of the contribution of a glucan polymer to the viscosity of a liquid (e.g., solution) comprising the glucan polymer. IV measurements herein can be obtained, for example, using any suitable method such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. Nos. 2017/0002335, 2017/0002336, or 2018/0340199, or Weaver et al. (J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 35:1631-1637) or Chun and Park (Macromol. Chem. Phys. 195:701-711), which are all incorporated herein by reference. IV can be measured, in part, by dissolving glucan polymer (optionally dissolved at about 100 °C for at least 2, 4, or 8 hours) in DMSO with about 0.9 to 2.5 wt% (e.g., 1 , 2, 1-2 wt%) LiCI, for example. IV herein can optionally be used as a relative measure of molecular weight.

The terms “sequence identity”, “identity” and the like as used herein with respect to a polypeptide amino acid sequence (e.g., that of a glucosyltransferase) are as defined and determined in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. No. 2017/0002336, which is incorporated herein by reference. A composition herein that is “dry” or “dried” typically has less than 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 , 0.5, or 0.1 wt% water comprised therein.

The terms “percent by volume”, “volume percent”, “vol %”, “v/v %” and the like are used interchangeably herein. The percent by volume of a solute in a solution can be determined using the formula: [(volume of solute)/(volume of solution)] x 100%.

The terms “percent by weight”, “weight percentage (wt%)”, “weight-weight percentage (% w/w)” and the like are used interchangeably herein. Percent by weight refers to the percentage of a material on a mass basis as it is comprised in a composition, mixture, or solution.

The terms “weight/volume percent”, “w/v%” and the like are used interchangeably herein. Weight/volume percent can be calculated as: ((mass [g] of material)/(total volume [mL] of the material plus the liquid in which the material is placed)) x 100%. The material can be insoluble in the liquid (i.e. , be a solid phase in a liquid phase, such as with a dispersion), or soluble in the liquid (i.e., be a solute dissolved in the liquid).

The term “isolated” means a substance (or process) in a form or environment that does not occur in nature. A non-limiting example of an isolated substance includes any polysaccharide derivative disclosed herein. It is believed that the embodiments disclosed herein are synthetic/man-made (could not have been made or practiced except for human intervention/involvement), and/or have properties that are not naturally occurring.

The term “increased” as used herein can refer to a quantity or activity that is at least about 1 %, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 50%, 100%, or 200% more than the quantity or activity for which the increased quantity or activity is being compared. The terms “increased”, “elevated”, “enhanced”, “greater than”, “improved” and the like are used interchangeably herein.

Some aspects of the present disclosure concern a composition (product) that comprises an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (acrylic acid- grafted and/or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide). Typically, an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative of the present disclosure is produced by contacting acrylic acid (acrylate) and/or itaconic acid (itaconate) with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide that has already been derivatized with an organic group) (under suitable conditions, typically including aqueous conditions, for the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid to react with and derivatize the polysaccharide/derivative), wherein the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) up to about 3.0 with at least one group formed by the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid (i.e. , with at least one acrylic acid-derived group and/or itaconic acid-derived group). Thus, a composition (product) is disclosed comprising an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (acrylic acid-grafted and/or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide), wherein the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative has a DoS up to about 3.0 with at least one acrylic acid-derived group and/or itaconic acid-derived group. Acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives as presently disclosed have several advantageous features, such as being able to prevent/reduce the formation of unwanted deposits resulting from the interaction of hard water cations (e.g., Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) with anionic compounds (e.g., carbonate, stearate) in various aqueous applications.

In some aspects, acrylic acid can derivatize a polysaccharide herein by etherifying the polysaccharide to form an etherified acrylate group or polyacrylate group (a polyacrylate group is an example of an acrylate group herein). An etherified acrylate group can be ether-linked to the polysaccharide via its central CH carbon or its terminal CH₂ carbon, for example.

In some aspects, acrylic acid can derivatize a polysaccharide herein through the carboxyl group of the acrylic acid. Such derivatization typically comprises the carboxyl group of acrylic acid forming an ester linkage with a polysaccharide.

In some aspects, one or more acrylic acid monomers (acrylate monomers) can iteratively link from (stem from) an acrylic acid-derived group that is already linked (e.g., ether-linked) to the polysaccharide, thereby forming a poly acrylic acid (polyacrylate), which typically comprises two or more repeats of -CH(COOH)-CH₂- and/or -CH(COO’)-CH₂- (latter optionally repeat associated with a salt cation such as sodium). A poly acrylic acid I polyacrylate group herein can have about, at least about, or up to about, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 10-200, 20-200, 10-250, or 20-250 residues of constituent acrylic acid and/or acrylate monomers, for example. In some aspects, the total molecular weight of all the poly acrylic acid I polyacrylate groups of a polysaccharide derivative can be about, or up to about, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, or 15-25 kDa in molecular weight. An acrylic acid polysaccharide derivative having at least one polyacrylate (poly acrylic acid) group herein can optionally be characterized as a polysaccharide poly acrylic acid (polyacrylate) copolymer or polysaccharide poly acrylic acid (polyacrylate) graft copolymer (and like terms). In some aspects, an acrylate polysaccharide derivative or polyacrylate polysaccharide derivative herein can comprise a salt cation such as sodium, where this cation is in ionic linkage with the acrylate I polyacrylate carboxylic anion group(s); such can optionally also be referred to in terms of a salt form of polyacrylic acid (e.g., poly sodium acrylate). The synthesis of a poly acrylic acid chain or polyacrylate chain herein can optionally be characterized as being through condensation. The weight percent of the poly acrylic acid content and/or polyacrylate content of an acrylic acid polysaccharide derivative (copolymer) herein can be about, at least about, or up to about, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%, for example.

The foregoing text regarding how acrylic acid can derivatize a polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative provides examples characterizing a “group formed by acrylic acid” or “acrylic acid-derived group” (and like language) as used to describe an acrylic acid polysaccharide derivative herein. Unless otherwise disclosed herein, use of the terms acrylic acid polysaccharide derivative or poly acrylic acid polysaccharide derivative (and the like) herein can optionally be interchanged with the terms acrylate polysaccharide derivative or polyacrylate polysaccharide derivative (and the like).

In some aspects, itaconic acid can derivatize a polysaccharide herein by etherifying the polysaccharide to form an etherified itaconate group or polyitaconate group (a polyitaconate group is an example of an itaconate group herein). An etherified itaconate group can be ether-linked to the polysaccharide via its vinyl CH₂ carbon, for example.

In some aspects, itaconic acid can derivatize a polysaccharide herein through one of its carboxyl groups. Such derivatization typically comprises a carboxyl group of itaconic acid forming an ester linkage with a polysaccharide.

In some aspects, one or more itaconic acid monomers (itaconate monomers) can iteratively link from (stem from) an itaconic acid-derived group that is already linked (e.g., ether-linked) to the polysaccharide, thereby forming a poly itaconic acid (polyitaconate). A poly itaconic acid I polyitaconate group herein can have about, at least about, or up to about, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 10-200, 20-200, 10-250, or 20-250 residues of constituent itaconic acid and/or itaconate monomers, for example. In some aspects, the total molecular weight of all the poly itaconic acid I polyitaconate groups of a polysaccharide derivative can be about, or up to about, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 2-30, 2-25, 2-20, 5-30, 5-25, or 5-20 kDa. An itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative having at least one polyitaconate (poly itaconic acid) group herein can optionally be characterized as a polysaccharide poly itaconic acid (polyitaconate) copolymer or polysaccharide poly itaconic acid (polyitaconate) graft copolymer (and like terms). In some aspects, an itaconate polysaccharide derivative or polyitaconate polysaccharide derivative herein can comprise a salt cation such as sodium, where this cation is in ionic linkage with the itaconate I polyitaconate carboxylic anion group(s); such can optionally also be referred to in terms of a salt form of polyitaconic acid (e.g., poly sodium itaconate). The synthesis of a poly itaconic acid chain or polyitaconate chain herein can optionally be characterized as being through condensation. The weight percent of the poly itaconic acid content and/or polyitaconate content of an itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (copolymer) herein can be about, at least about, or up to about, 0.5%, 1 %, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%, for example.

The foregoing text regarding how itaconic acid can derivatize a polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative provides examples characterizing a “group formed by itaconic acid” or “itaconic acid-derived group” (and like language) as used to describe an itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein. Unless otherwise disclosed herein, use of the terms itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative or poly itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (and the like) herein can optionally be interchanged with the terms itaconate polysaccharide derivative or polyitaconate polysaccharide derivative (and the like).

In some aspects, a polymer group comprising both acrylate and itaconate residues (e.g., both polyacrylate and polyitaconate) can be a substitution group of a polysaccharide derivative herein. Such a copolymer can be a block copolymer of polyacrylate and polyitaconate, for example, and/or comprise a graft copolymer of these two polymers. Such an acrylate itaconate polysaccharide derivative can be produced, for example, by including both acrylic acid and itaconic acid in a derivatization reaction of the disclosure. Any of the above molecular weights and/or monomer unit numbers for either an acrylate group or itaconate group can likewise characterize an acrylate itaconate copolymer group herein. Any other features herein used to characterize acrylic acid groups and itaconic acid groups can likewise characterize an acrylate itaconate copolymer group herein, as appropriate.

A polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative in some aspects for producing an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can be a glucan, fructan, galactan, mannan, arabinan, xylan, alginate, or soy polysaccharide (or a derivative of any of these). A glucan herein can be an alpha-glucan or a beta-glucan, for example. The glycosidic linkages of an alpha-glucan or acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid derivative thereof typically are about, or at least about, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% alpha-glycosidic linkages. Examples of suitable alpha-glucans include alpha-

1.3-glucan, alpha-1 ,6-glucan, and alpha-1 , 4-glucan.

Alpha-1 , 3-glucan can be used herein to provide an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid alpha-1 , 3-glucan derivative), for example. Such alpha-1 , 3-glucan in some aspects can comprise about, or at least about, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, or 100% alpha-1 ,3 glycosidic linkages. In some aspects, accordingly, an alpha-1 , 3-glucan has about, or less than about, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0% glycosidic linkages that are not alpha-1 ,3. Typically, the glycosidic linkages that are not alpha-1 ,3 are mostly or entirely alpha-1 ,6. It should be understood that the higher the percentage of alpha-1 ,3 linkages present in an alpha-1 , 3-glucan, the greater the probability that the glucan is linear, since there are lower occurrences of certain linkages that might be part of branch points. In some aspects, alpha-1 , 3-glucan has no branch points or less than about 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1% branch points as a percent of the glycosidic linkages in the alpha-

1.3-glucan.

The DPw, DPn, or DP of the alpha-1 , 3-glucan portion of an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid alpha-1 , 3-glucan derivative in some aspects can be about, or at least about, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, or 4000. DPw, DPn, or DP can optionally be expressed as a range between any two of these values. Merely as examples, the DPw, DPn, or DP of alpha-1 , 3-glucan can be about 50- 1600, 100-1600, 200-1600, 300-1600, 400-1600, 500-1600, 600-1600, 700-1600, 50- 1250, 100-1250, 200-1250, 300-1250, 400-1250, 500-1250, 600-1250, 700-1250, 50- 1000, 100-1000, 200-1000, 300-1000, 400-1000, 500-1000, 600-1000, 700-1000, 50- 900, 100-900, 200-900, 300-900, 400-900, 500-900, 600-900, 700-900, 600-800, or 600- 750. Any of these DPw, DPn, or DP values can also be used in reference to a polysaccharide derivative herein, where such reference is used with respect to the polysaccharide portion of the derivative. The alpha-1 , 3-glucan portion of an alpha-1 ,3- glucan derivative in some aspects can have a high molecular weight as reflected by high intrinsic viscosity (IV); e.g., IV can be about, or at least about 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 6-8, 6-7, 6-22, 6-20, 6-17, 6-15, 6-12, 10-22, 10-20, 10-17, 10-15, 10-12, 12-22, 12-20, 12-17, or 12-15 dL/g. For comparison purposes, note that the IV of alpha-glucan with at least 90% (e.g., about 99% or 100%) alpha-1 ,3 linkages and a DPw of about 800 has an IV of about 2-2.5 dL/g. IV herein can be as measured with alpha-glucan polymer dissolved in DMSO with about 0.9 to 2.5 wt% (e.g., 1, 2, 1-2 wt%) LiCI, for example.

The alpha-1 , 3-glucan portion of an alpha-1 , 3-glucan derivative herein can be as disclosed (e.g., molecular weight, linkage profile, production method), for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 7000000, 8871474, 10301604, or 10260053, or U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. 2019/0112456, 2019/0078062, 2019/0078063, 2018/0340199, 2018/0021238, 2018/0273731 , 2017/0002335, 2015/0232819, 2015/0064748, 2020/0165360, 2019/0276806, or 2019/0185893, which are each incorporated herein by reference.

Alpha-1 , 6-glucan (dextran) can be used herein to provide a polysaccharide derivative (an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid alpha-1 , 6-glucan derivative, or an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid dextran derivative), for example. Such alpha-1 , 6-glucan can comprise about 100% alpha-1 ,6-glycosidic linkages (i.e., be completely linear dextran), or about, or at least about, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 99.5% alpha-1 ,6-glycosidic linkages, for example. In some aspects, a substantially linear alpha-1 , 6-glucan can comprise 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% or less branches. If present, branches from alpha-1 , 6-glucan typically are short, being one (pendant), two, or three glucose monomers in length. In some aspects, alpha-1 , 6-glucan can comprise, about, at least about, or less than about, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1 %, 0.5%, or 0% alpha-1 ,4, alpha-1 ,3, and/or alpha-1 ,2 glycosidic linkages. Typically, such linkages exist entirely, or almost entirely, as branch points from alpha-1 , 6-glucan.

The alpha-1 , 6-glucan portion of an alpha-1 , 6-glucan derivative herein can have alpha-1 ,2, alpha-1 ,3, and/or alpha-1 ,4 branches, for example. In some aspects, about, at least about, or less than about, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11 %, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 2-25%, 2-20%, 2-15%, 2-10%, 3-25%, 3-20%, 3-15%, 3-10%, 5- 30%, 5-25%, 5-20%, 5-15%, 5-10%, 7-13%, 8-12%, 9-11 %, 10-30%, 10-25%, 10-22%, 10-20%, 10-15%, 12-20%, 12-18%, 14-20%, 14-18%, 15-30%, 15-25%, 15-20%, 15- 18%, 15-17%, 20-45%, 20-40%, 20-35%, 20-30%, 20-25%, 30-45%, or 30-40% of all the glycosidic linkages of a branched alpha-1 , 6-glucan are alpha-1 ,2, alpha-1 ,3, and/or alpha-1 ,4 glycosidic branch linkages (in some aspects, alpha-1 ,2 branches or alpha-1 ,3 branches are the only type of branches present). Such branches typically are mostly (>90% or >95%), or all (100%), a single glucose monomer in length. In some aspects, alpha-1 , 6-glucan with alpha-1 ,2-branching can be produced enzymatically according to the procedures in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. 2017/0218093 or 2018/0282385 (both incorporated herein by reference) where, for example, an alpha-1 ,2-branching enzyme such as GTFJ18T 1 or GTF9905 can be added during or after the production of the dextran. In some aspects, any other enzyme known to produce alpha-1 ,2-branching can be used. Alpha-1 ,6-glucan with alpha-1 ,3-branching can be prepared, for example, as disclosed in Vuillemin et al. (2016, J. Biol Chem. 291 :7687-7702) or U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. No. 2022/0267745, which are incorporated herein by reference.

The alpha-1 ,6-glucan portion of an alpha-1 , 6-glucan derivative herein can have a DPw, DPn, or DP of about, at least about, or less than about, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 8-20, 8-30, 8-100, 8-500, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7, 3-8, 4-5, 4-6, 4-7, 4-8, 5- 6, 5-7, 5-8, 6-7, 6-8, 7-8, 90-120, 95-120, 100-120, 105-120, 110-120, 115-120, 90-115, 95-115, 100-115, 105-115, 110-115, 90-110, 95-110, 100-110, 105-110, 90-105, 95-105, 100-105, 90-100, 95-100, 90-95, 85-95, 85-90, 5-100, 5-250, 5-500, 5-1000, 5-1500, 5- 2000, 5-2500, 5-3000, 5-4000, 5-5000, 5-6000, 10-100, 10-250, 10-500, 10-1000, IQ- 1500, 10-2000, 10-2500, 10-3000, 10-4000, 10-5000, 10-6000, 25-100, 25-250, 25-500, 25-1000, 25-1500, 25-2000, 25-2500, 25-3000, 25-4000, 25-5000, 25-6000, 50-100, 50- 250, 50-500, 50-1000, 50-1500, 50-2000, 50-2500, 50-3000, 50-4000, 50-5000, 50- 6000, 100-250, 100-400, 100-500, 100-1000, 100-1500, 100-2000, 100-2500, 100-3000, 100-4000, 100-5000, 100-6000, 200-300, 250-500, 250-1000, 250-1500, 250-2000, 250- 2500, 250-3000, 250-4000, 250-5000, 250-6000, 300-2800, 300-3000, 350-2800, 350- 3000, 500-1000, 500-1500, 500-2000, 500-2500, 500-2800, 500-3000, 500-4000, 500- 5000, 500-6000, 600-1550, 600-1850, 600-2000, 600-2500, 600-3000, 750-1000, 750- 1250, 750-1500, 750-2000, 750-2500, 750-3000, 750-4000, 750-5000, 750-6000, 900- 1250, 900-1500, 900-2000, 1000-1250, 1000-1400, 1000-1500, 1000-2000, 1000-2500, 1000-3000, 1000-4000, 1000-5000, 1000-6000, or 1100-1300, for example. The Mw of alpha-1 , 6-glucan in some aspects can be about, at least about, or less than about, 0.1 , 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.2, 0.24, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 0.1-0.2, 0.125- 0.175, 0.13-0.17, 0.135-0.165, 0.14-0.16, 0.145-0.155, 10-80, 20-70, 30-60, 40-50, 50- 200, 60-200, 70-200, 80-200, 90-200, 100-200, 110-200, 120-200, 50-180, 60-180, 70- 180, 80-180, 90-180, 100-180, 110-180, 120-180, 50-160, 60-160, 70-160, 80-160, 90- 160, 100-160, 110-160, 120-160, 50-140, 60-140, 70-140, 80-140, 90-140, 100-140, 110-140, 120-140, 50-120, 60-120, 70-120, 80-120, 90-120, 90-110, 100-120, 110-120, 50-110, 60-110, 70-110, 80-110, 90-110, 100-110, 50-100, 60-100, 70-100, 80-100, 90- 100, or 95-105 million Daltons. The Mw of alpha-1 , 6-glucan in some aspects can be about, at least about, or less than about, 1 , 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 1-2000, 1-1000, 1-500, 1-400, 1-300, 1-200, 1-100, 1-50, 5-30, 5-25, 5-20, 5-250, 5-200, 10-2000, 10-1000, 10-500, 10-400, 10-300, IQ- 250, 10-200, 10-100, 10-50, 10-30, 10-25, 10-20, 20-2000, 20-1000, 20-500, 20-400, 20-300, 20-200, 20-100, 20-50, 30-2000, 30-1000, 30-500, 30-400, 30-300, 30-200, 30- 100, 30-50, 40-2000, 40-1000, 40-500, 40-400, 40-300, 40-200, 40-100, 40-50, 50-2000, 50-1000, 50-500, 50-400, 50-300, 50-200, 100-2000, 100-1000, 100-500, 100-400, 100- 300, 100-200, 150-225, 150-200, 165-225, 165-200, 175-225, 175-200, 180-190, 200- 2000, 20-1000, 200-500, 200-400, 200-300, 7.5-10, 7.5-12.5, 7.5-15, 7.5-20, 7.5-30, IQ- 12.5, 10-15, 10-20, 10-30, 15-25, 15-30, 40-60, 45-55, 190-210, or 290-310 kDa, for example. The molecular weight of alpha-1 , 6-glucan can be calculated, if desired, based on any of the foregoing alpha-1 , 6-glucan DPw, DPn, or DP values. Any of the forgoing DPw, DPn, DP, or Dalton values/ranges can characterize an alpha-1 , 6-glucan herein before, or after, it has optionally been branched (e.g., alpha-1 ,2 and/or alpha-1 ,3), for instance. In some aspects, any of the forgoing DPw, DPn, DP, or Dalton values or ranges can characterize an alpha-1 , 6-glucan derivative herein. The molecular weight of an alpha-1 , 6-glucan derivative herein can be calculated, for example, based on any of the foregoing alpha-1 , 6-glucan DPw, DPn, DP, or Dalton values, further taking into account the derivative’s DoS and type of substituting group(s).

The alpha-1 , 6-glucan portion of an alpha-1 , 6-glucan derivative herein can be as disclosed (e.g., molecular weight, linkage/branching profile, production method), for example, in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. 2016/0122445, 2017/0218093, 2018/0282385, 2020/0165360, or 2019/0185893, which are each incorporated herein by reference. In some aspects, an alpha-1 , 6-glucan for derivatization herein can be one produced in a suitable reaction comprising glucosyltransferase (GTF) 0768 (SEQ ID NO:1 or 2 of US2016/0122445), GTF 8117, GTF 6831 , or GTF 5604 (these latter three GTF enzymes are SEQ ID NOs:30, 32 and 33, respectively, of US2018/0282385), or a GTF comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of GTF 0768, GTF 8117, GTF 6831 , or GTF 5604.

An alpha-glucan graft copolymer can be used herein to provide an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative, for example. The alpha-glucan graft copolymer portion of a graft copolymer derivative herein can be as disclosed (e.g., molecular weight, linkage/branching profile, production method), for example, in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. 2020/0165360, 2019/0185893, or 2020/0131281 , which are incorporated herein by reference. A graft copolymer can comprise alpha-1 ,6-glucan (as backbone) and alpha-1 , 3-glucan (as one or more side chains), where the latter component has been grafted onto the former component; typically, this graft copolymer is produced by using alpha-1 ,6-glucan or alpha-1 ,2- and/or alpha-1 , 3-branched alpha- 1 ,6-glucan as a primer for alpha-1 , 3-glucan synthesis by an alpha-1 , 3-glucan-producing glucosyltransferase. Alpha-1 , 3-glucan side chain(s) of an alpha-glucan graft copolymer herein can be alpha-1 , 3-glucan as presently disclosed. Alpha-1 ,6-glucan backbone of an alpha-glucan graft copolymer herein can be alpha-1 ,6-glucan or alpha-1 ,2- and/or alpha-1 , 3-branched alpha-1 , 6-glucan as presently disclosed. In some aspects, an alpha-glucan graft copolymer can comprise: (A) an alpha-1 , 6-glucan backbone (100% alpha-1 , 6-linked before alpha-1 ,2 and/or alpha-1 ,3 branching) that (i) has been branched with about 10-22% (e.g., about 12-20%, 12-18%, 14-20%, 14-18%, 15-18%, 15-17%, or 16%) alpha-1 ,2 and/or alpha-1 ,3 linkages (i.e., alpha-1 ,2,6 and/or alpha-1 ,3,6) (e.g., the backbone in total comprises about 82-86% or 84% alpha-1 ,6 linkages and about 14-18% or 16% alpha-1 ,2 and/or alpha-1 ,3 linkages) and (ii) has an Mw of about 15-25, 15-22.5, 17-25, 17-22.5, 18-22, or 20 kDa, and (B) one or more (e.g., two, three, four, five, or six) alpha-1 , 3-glucan side chains that have been extended from one or more of the alpha-1 ,2 and/or alpha-1 ,3 branches; such a graft copolymer typically is water-insoluble.

Alpha-1 , 4-glucan can be used herein to provide an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid alpha-1 , 4-glucan derivative), for example. Such alpha-1 , 4-glucan in some aspects can comprise about, or at least about, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, or 100% alpha-1 ,4 glycosidic linkages. In some aspects, accordingly, an alpha-1 , 4-glucan has about, or less than about, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0% glycosidic linkages that are not alpha-1 ,4. Examples of alpha-1 , 4-glucan herein include amylose, amylopectin, and starch. Alpha-1 , 4-glucan such as starch can be derived from vegetable (e.g., potato, tapioca, peas, palm) or grain (e.g., com, wheat, rice, barley) sources, for example.

The DPw, DPn, or DP of the alpha-1 , 4-glucan portion of an alpha-1 , 4-glucan derivative in some aspects can be about, or at least about, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, or 4000. DPw, DPn, or DP can optionally be expressed as a range between any two of these values.

A polysaccharide in some aspects for producing an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can be a beta-glucan derivative. The glycosidic linkages of a beta-glucan derivative herein typically are about, or at least about, 80%, 81 %, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91 %, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% beta-glycosidic linkages. Examples of suitable betaglucans include beta-1 , 3-glucan (e.g., laminarin, paramylon, curdlan) and beta-1 ,4- glucan (cellulose).

Beta-1 ,4-glucan can be used herein to provide an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid beta-1 , 4-glucan derivative), for example. Such beta-1 , 4-glucan typically comprises about 100% beta-1 ,4 glycosidic linkages. The DPw, DPn, or DP of the beta-1 , 4-glucan portion of an beta-1 , 4- glucan derivative in some aspects can be about, or at least about, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, or 4000. DPw, DPn, or DP can optionally be expressed as a range between any two of these values (e.g., 1000-2000, 1300-1700, 1400-1600).

A polysaccharide in some aspects for producing an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can be a soy polysaccharide or alginate. The soy polysaccharide portion of a soy polysaccharide derivative in some aspects can be as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2018/0079832 or Int. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. WO2016/133734, which are incorporated herein by reference. The alginate portion of an alginate derivative in some aspects can be as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2014/0193712 or 2009/0010983, which are incorporated herein by reference.

An acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative in some aspects can have a degree of substitution (DoS) up to about 3.0 (e.g., 0.001 to 3.0) with at least one group formed by acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid (i.e. , with at least one acrylic acid- derived and/or itaconic acid-derived group) as presently disclosed. The DoS can be about, at least about, or up to about, 0.001 , 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01 , 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 , 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 , 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1 , 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, or 3.0 (DoS can optionally be expressed as a range between any two of these values), for example. Some examples of DoS ranges herein include 0.005-2.0, 0.005-1.6, 0.005-1.5, 0.005-1.25, 0.005-1.0, 0.005-0.9, 0.005- 0.8, 0.005-0.7, 0.005-0.6, 0.005-0.5, 0.005-0.25, 0.005-0.1 , 0.04-0.1 , 0.05-2.0, 0.05-1.6, 0.05-1.5, 0.05-1.25, 0.05-1.0, 0.05-0.9, 0.05-0.8, 0.05-0.7, 0.05-0.6, 0.05-0.5, 0.1-2.0, 0.1-1 .6, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1.25, 0.1-1.0, 0.1-0.9, 0.1-0.8, 0.1-0.7, 0.1-0.6, 0.1-0.5, 0.15-2.0, 0.15-1.6, 0.15-1.5, 0.15-1.25, 0.15-1.0, 0.15-0.9, 0.15-0.8, 0.15-0.7, 0.15-0.6, 0.15-0.5, 0.2-2.0, 0.2-1 .6, 0.2-1.5, 0.2-1.25, 0.2-1.0, 0.2-0.9, 0.2-0.8, 0.2-0.7, 0.2-0.6, 0.2-0.5, 0.25-2.0, 0.25-1.6, 0.25-1.5, 0.25-1.25, 0.25-1.0, 0.25-0.9, 0.25-0.8, 0.25-0.7, 0.25-0.6, 0.25-0.5, 0.3-2.0, 0.3-1.6, 0.3-1.5, 0.3-1.25, 0.3-1.0, 0.3-0.9, 0.3-0.8, 0.3-0.7, 0.3-0.6, 0.3-0.5, 0.4-2.0, 0.4-1 .6, 0.4-1.5, 0.4-1.25, 0.4-1.0, 0.4-0.9, 0.4-0.8, 0.4-0.7, 0.4-0.6, and 0.4-0.5. In some aspects, a mixed polysaccharide derivative herein such as one having one or more acrylic acid-derived and/or itaconic acid-derived groups along with one or more other distinct organic groups (e.g., ether-, ester-, carbamate/carbamoyl-, sulfonyl-, or carbonate-linked group) and/or other substituent groups (e.g., sulfonate or carboxylate group), can be characterized to have any of the foregoing DoS values/ranges (where this DoS value/range regards the total DoS of all the substituents combined, or the DoS of any one particular substituent [i.e., on an individual basis]).

Regarding polysaccharide derivatives herein that are glucan derivatives, for example, since there are at most three hydroxyl groups in a glucose monomeric unit of a glucan, the overall DoS of a glucan derivative can be no higher than 3.0. It would be understood that, since a glucan derivative as presently disclosed has a DoS with at least one acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-derived group and optionally with at least another organic group (e.g., between about 0.001 to about 3.0), all the substituents of a glucan derivative cannot only be hydroxyl.

A polysaccharide derivative in some aspects, either for use as a substrate for being derivatized with acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid, and/or as it could exist following acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid derivatization, can be substituted with at least one organic group. Optionally, an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative can be:

(i) produced by contacting acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide that has already be derivatized with another organic group (under suitable conditions for the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid to react with and derivatize the organic group- derivatized polysaccharide), or

(ii) produced by further derivatizing an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative with the other organic group (under suitable conditions for the organic group to react with and derivatize the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative).

In some aspects, an organic group can be linked to a polysaccharide derivative via an ether linkage, ester linkage, carbamate/carbamoyl linkage, carbonate linkage, or sulfonyl linkage.

A polysaccharide derivative herein can include one or more ether groups in some aspects. An organic group that is in ether-linkage to a polysaccharide derivative can be an alkyl group, for example. An alkyl group can be a linear, branched, or cyclic (“cycloalkyl” or “cycloaliphatic”) in some aspects. In some aspects, an alkyl group is a Ci to C alkyl group, such as a C4 to C18 alkyl group, or a Ci to C10 alkyl group (in “C#”, # refers to the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group). An alkyl group can be, for example, a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, or octadecanyl group; such alkyl groups typically are linear. One or more carbons of an alkyl group can be substituted with another alkyl group in some aspects, making the alkyl group branched. Suitable examples of branched chain isomers of linear alkyl groups include isopropyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, isohexyl, neohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-propylheptyl, and isooctyl. In some aspects, an alkyl group is a cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, or cyclodecyl group.

In some aspects, an organic group that is in ether-linkage to a polysaccharide derivative herein can be a substituted alkyl group in which there is a substitution on one or more carbons of the alkyl group. The substitution(s) can be one or more hydroxyl, aldehyde, ketone, and/or carboxyl groups. For example, a substituted alkyl group may be a hydroxy alkyl group, dihydroxy alkyl group, or carboxy alkyl group. Examples of suitable hydroxy alkyl groups are hydroxymethyl (-CH₂OH), hydroxyethyl (e.g., -CH2CH2OH, -CH(OH)CH₃), hydroxypropyl (e.g., -CH₂CH₂CH₂OH, -CH₂CH(OH)CH₃, -CH(OH)CH₂CH₃), hydroxybutyl and hydroxypentyl groups. Other examples include dihydroxy alkyl groups (diols) such as dihydroxymethyl, dihydroxyethyl (e.g., -CH(OH)CH₂OH), dihydroxypropyl (e.g., -CH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH, -CH(OH)CH(OH)CH₃), dihydroxybutyl and dihydroxypentyl groups. Examples of suitable carboxy alkyl groups are carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH), carboxyethyl (e.g., -CH2CH2COOH, -CH(COOH)CH₃), carboxypropyl (e.g., -CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH, -CH₂CH(COOH)CH₃, -CH(COOH)CH₂CH₃), carboxybutyl and carboxypentyl groups. In some aspects, one or more carbons of an alkyl group that is in ether-linkage to a polysaccharide derivative herein can have a substitution(s) with another alkyl group. Examples of such substituent alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl and propyl groups. To illustrate, an organic group can be -CH(CH₃)CH₂CH3 or -CH₂CH(CH₃)CH3, for example, which are both propyl groups having a methyl substitution.

As should be clear from the above examples of various substituted alkyl groups, a substitution (e.g., hydroxy or carboxy group) on an alkyl group in some aspects can be at the terminal carbon atom of the alkyl group, where the terminal carbon group is opposite the side of the alkyl group that is in ether linkage to a monomeric unit (e.g., glucose) of a polysaccharide ether compound. An example of this terminal substitution is the hydroxypropyl group -CH₂CH₂CH₂OH. Alternatively, a substitution can be on an internal carbon atom of an alkyl group. An example of an internal substitution is the hydroxypropyl group -CH₂CH(OH)CH₃. An alkyl group can have one or more substitutions, which may be the same (e.g., two hydroxyl groups [dihydroxy]) or different (e.g., a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group).

Optionally, an etherified alkyl group herein can contain one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, and/or nitrogen within the hydrocarbon chain. Examples include alkyl groups containing an alkyl glycerol alkoxylate moiety (-alkylene- OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH), a moiety derived from ring-opening of 2-ethylhexl glycidyl ether, and a tetrahydropyranyl group (e.g., as derived from dihydropyran). Further examples include alkyl groups substituted at their termini with a cyano group (-C=N); such a substituted alkyl group can optionally be referred to as a nitrile or cyanoalkyl group. Examples of a cyanoalkyl group herein include cyanomethyl, cyanoethyl, cyanopropyl and cyanobutyl groups.

In some aspects, an etherified organic group is a C₂ to C (e.g., C4 to C ) alkenyl group, and the alkenyl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. As used herein, the term “alkenyl group” refers to a hydrocarbon group containing at least one carboncarbon double bond. Examples of alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexyl, and allyl groups. In some aspects, one or more carbons of an alkenyl group can have substitution(s) with an alkyl group, hydroxyalkyl group, or dihydroxy alkyl group such as disclosed herein. Examples of such a substituent alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, and propyl groups. Optionally, an alkenyl group herein can contain one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, and/or nitrogen within the hydrocarbon chain; for example, an alkenyl group can contain a moiety derived from ring-opening of an allyl glycidyl ether. In some aspects, an etherified organic group is a C2 to C alkynyl group. As used herein, the term “alkynyl” refers to linear and branched hydrocarbon groups containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. An alkynyl group herein can be, for example, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl. An alkynyl group can optionally be substituted, such as with an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and/or dihydroxy alkyl group. Optionally, an alkynyl group can contain one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, and/or nitrogen within the hydrocarbon chain.

In some aspects, an etherified organic group is a polyether comprising repeat units of (-CH2CH2O-), (-CH₂CH(CH3)O-), or a mixture thereof, wherein the total number of repeat units is in the range of 2 to 100. In some aspects, an organic group is a polyether group comprising (-CH₂CH₂0-)3-IOO or (-CH₂CH₂0-)4-IOO. In some aspects, an organic group is a polyether group comprising (-CH₂CH(CH₃)0-)3-IOO or (-CH₂CH(CH₃)0-)4-IOO. AS used herein for a polyether group, the subscript designating a range of values designates the potential number of repeat units; for example, (CH₂CH₂0)₂-IOO means a polyether group containing 2 to 100 repeat units. In some aspects, a polyether group herein can be capped such as with a methoxy, ethoxy, or propoxy group.

In some aspects, an etherified organic group comprises an aryl group. As used herein, the term “aryl” means an aromatic/carbocyclic group having a single ring (e.g., phenyl), multiple rings (e.g., biphenyl), or multiple condensed rings in which at least one is aromatic, (e.g., 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl, anthryl, or phenanthryl), which is optionally mono-, di-, or trisubstituted with alkyl groups, such as a methyl, ethyl, or propyl group. In some aspects, an aryl group is a Ce to C20 aryl group. In some aspects, an aryl group is a methyl-substituted aryl group such as a tolyl (-C6H4CH3) or xylyl [- C₆H₃(CH₃)2] group. A tolyl group can be a p-tolyl group, for instance. In some aspects, an aryl group is a benzyl group (-CH₂-phenyl). A benzyl group herein can optionally be substituted (typically on its phenyl ring) with one or more of a halogen, cyano, ester, amide, ether, alkyl (e.g., Ci to Ce), aryl (e.g., phenyl), alkenyl (e.g., C2 to Ce), or alkynyl (e.g., C2 to Ce) group.

A polysaccharide derivative that has an ether group in some aspects can contain one type of etherified organic group. Examples of such compounds contain a carboxy alkyl group (e.g., carboxymethyl) as the only etherified organic group. Further examples include polysaccharide ethers containing an alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl) as the only etherified organic group. Further examples include polysaccharide ethers containing a dihydroxyalkyl (e.g., dihydroxypropyl) as the only etherified organic group. A polysaccharide derivative that has an ether group in some aspects can contain two or more different types of etherified organic groups (i.e. , mixed ether of the polysaccharide). Examples of such polysaccharide ethers contain (i) two different alkyl groups as etherified organic groups, (ii) an alkyl group and a hydroxy alkyl group as etherified organic groups (alkyl hydroxyalkyl polysaccharide), (iii) an alkyl group and a carboxy alkyl group as etherified organic groups (alkyl carboxyalkyl polysaccharide), (iv) a hydroxy alkyl group and a carboxy alkyl group as etherified organic groups (hydroxyalkyl carboxyalkyl polysaccharide), (v) two different hydroxy alkyl groups as etherified organic groups, (vi) two different carboxy alkyl groups as etherified organic groups, or (vii) a carboxy alkyl group (e.g., carboxymethyl) and an aryl (e.g., benzyl) group. Non-limiting examples of some of these types of mixed ethers include ethyl hydroxyethyl polysaccharide, hydroxyalkyl methyl (e.g., hydroxypropyl methyl) polysaccharide, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl polysaccharide, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl polysaccharide, and carboxymethyl benzyl polysaccharide. The ether groups of a mixed polysaccharide ether can be, in some instances, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. No. 2020/0002646, which is incorporated herein by reference.

A polysaccharide derivative herein can include one or more ester groups in some aspects. An ester group of a polysaccharide derivative can comprise, for example, at least one acyl group -CO-R’, wherein R’ comprises a chain of 1 to 26 carbon atoms. R’ can be linear, branched, or cyclic, for example. Examples of acyl groups herein that are linear include ethanoyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl, octanoyl, nonanoyl, decanoyl, undecanoyl, dodecanoyl, tridecanoyl, tetradecanoy I, pentadecanoy I, hexadecanoyl, heptadecanoy I, octadecanoyl, nonadecanoyl, eicosanoyl, uneicosanoyl, docosanoyl, tricosanoyl, tetracosanoyl, pentacosanoyl, and hexacosanoyl. Common names for some of the above-listed acyl groups are acetyl (ethanoyl group), propionyl (propanoyl group), butyryl (butanoyl group), valeryl (pentanoyl group), caproyl (hexanoyl group); enanthyl (heptanoyl group), caprylyl (octanoyl group), pelargonyl (nonanoyl group), capryl (decanoyl group), lauroyl (dodecanoyl group), myristyl (tetradecanoyl group), palmityl (hexadecanoyl group), stearyl (octadecanoyl group), arachidyl (eicosanoyl group), behenyl (docosanoyl group), lignoceryl (tetracosanoyl group), and cerotyl (hexacosanoyl group).

In some aspects, an acyl group of a polysaccharide derivative comprises an aryl group. An aryl acyl group can comprise a benzoyl group (-CO-CeHs), for example, which can also be referred to as a benzoate group. An aryl acyl group in some aspects can comprise a benzoyl group substituted with at least one halogen (“X”; e.g., Cl, F), alkyl, halogenated alkyl, ether, cyano, or aldehyde group, or combinations thereof, such as represented by the following Structures 111 (a) through lll(r):

Structures 111(a) - II l(r)

In some aspects, an acyl group of a polysaccharide derivative can be -CO-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH=CH-COOH, -CO-CH=CH-CH₂-COOH, -CO-CH=CH-CH₂-CH₂-COOH, -CO-CH=CH-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-COOH, -CO-CH=CH-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-COOH, -CO-CH₂-CH=CH-COOH, -CO-CH₂-CH=CH-CH₂-COOH,

-CO-CH₂-CH=CH-CH₂-CH₂-COOH, -CO-CH₂-CH=CH-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-COOH, -CO-CH₂-CH₂-CH=CH-COOH, -CO-CH₂-CH₂-CH=CH-CH₂-COOH,

-CO-CH₂-CH₂-CH=CH-CH₂-CH₂-COOH, -CO-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH=CH-COOH, -CO-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH=CH-CH₂-COOH, -CO-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH=CH-COOH,

-CO-CH₂-CH-COOH

CH₂-CH=CH-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃, -CO-CH-CH₂-COOH

CH₂-CH=CH-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃, or any other acyl group that can be formed using a cyclic organic anhydride, for example, as an esterification agent.

A polysaccharide derivative that has an ester group in some aspects can contain one type of esterified acyl group. An example of such a derivative contains an acetyl group as the only esterified acyl group. Yet, in some aspects, a polysaccharide derivative can contain two or more different types of esterified acyl groups (i.e. , mixed ester of the polysaccharide). Examples of such mixed esters include those with at least (i) acetyl and propionyl groups, (ii) acetyl and butyryl groups, and (iii) propionyl and butyryl groups.

Acyl groups of a polysaccharide ester derivative herein can be as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. 2014/0187767, 2018/0155455, 2020/0308371 , or 2023/0287148, or Int. Patent Appl. Publ. No. WO2021/252575, which are each incorporated herein by reference.

A polysaccharide derivative herein can include one or more carbamate/carbamoyl groups in some aspects. A carbamate group of a polysaccharide derivative can be derived from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic monoisocyanate. In some aspects, a substituent of a polysaccharide derivative can be a carbamate-linked phenyl, benzyl, diphenyl methyl, or diphenyl ethyl group; these groups can optionally be derived, respectively, using an aromatic monoisocyanate such as phenyl, benzyl, diphenyl methyl, or diphenyl ethyl isocyanate. In some aspects, a substituent of a polysaccharide derivative can be a carbamate-linked ethyl, propyl, butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, or octadecyl group; these groups can optionally be derived, respectively, using an aliphatic monoisocyanate such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, or octadecyl isocyanate. In some aspects, a substituent of a polysaccharide derivative can be a carbamate-linked cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, or cyclododecyl group; these groups can optionally be derived, respectively, using a cycloaliphatic monoisocyanate such as cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, or cyclododecyl isocyanate.

Carbamate groups of a polysaccharide derivative herein can be as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. Nos. 2022/0033531 or 2023/0212325, or lnt. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. WO2021/252569, which are each incorporated herein by reference.

A polysaccharide derivative herein can include one or more sulfonyl groups in some aspects. Sulfonyl groups of a polysaccharide derivative herein can be as disclosed, for example, in Int. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. WO2021/252569 or U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2023/0212325, which are incorporated herein by reference.

The present disclosure also concerns a method of producing an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (acrylic acid-grafted and/or itaconic acid- grafted polysaccharide). Such a method typically comprises:

(a) contacting acrylic acid (acrylate) and/or itaconic acid (itaconate) with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide that has already been derivatized with an organic group) (under suitable conditions, typically including aqueous conditions, for the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid to react with and derivatize the polysaccharide/derivative) thereby producing an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative, wherein the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) up to about 3.0 with at least one group formed by the acrylic acid (e.g., a polyacrylate group) and/or itaconic acid (e.g., polyitaconate group) (e.g., a group comprising acrylate and itaconate monomers), and

(b) optionally isolating the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative. Any of the features described herein regarding an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative can characterize this derivatization method. Methodology parameters (e.g., incubation time, temperature, reagent [e.g., acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid, solvent, pH modifier/buffer], reagent concentration, polysaccharide/derivative type, polysaccharide/derivative substrate concentration, and/or step order) for acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-derivatizing a polysaccharide/derivative can be any of those as disclosed in the below Examples, or be within 5%-10% of any of those parameters, as appropriate. An acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-derivatized polysaccharide produced in a derivatization reaction herein can optionally be isolated. In some aspects, such a product can first be precipitated from the aqueous conditions of the reaction. Precipitation, and/or washing of a solid product (regardless of whether it was initially precipitated or not), can be performed by adding an excess amount (e.g., at least 2-3 times the volume of the reaction volume) of an alcohol (e.g., 100% or 95% concentration) such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol to the reaction. A product can then be isolated using a filtration funnel, centrifuge, press filter, or any other method or equipment that allows for removal of liquids from solids. The isolated product can be dried, such as by vacuum drying, air drying, or freeze drying.

In some aspects, a polysaccharide derivative product can instead be isolated by including a step in which the completed reaction, or a water-diluted form thereof, is filtered by ultrafiltration (e.g., with a 5 or 10 molecular weight cut-off filter). Optionally, a complete reaction or diluted form thereof can first be regularly filtered (i.e. , not ultrafiltration), and then the filtrate can be subjected to ultrafiltration. The concentrated liquid obtained by ultrafiltration can then be dried down to its constituent solids such as by freeze-drying, or the solids can be precipitated from the liquid and then dried (e.g., freeze-drying).

A polysaccharide derivatization reaction can be repeated using an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative product herein as the starting material for further modification. A polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative for derivatization with acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid in some aspects is water-insoluble, whereas it is water-soluble in some aspects. An acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative product in some aspects is water-insoluble, whereas it is water-soluble in some aspects.

An acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative disclosed herein can be present in a composition/system, such as an aqueous composition/system or dry composition/system, at about, at least about, or less than about, 0.01 , 0.05, 0.1 , 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.25, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.75, 1.8, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 , 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43, 44, 45,

46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 , 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 , 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69,

70, 71 , 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 , 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91 , 92,

93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 0.01-0.1 , 0.01-0.08, 0.01-0.06, 0.01-0.05, 0.03-0.1 , 0.03-0.08, 0.03-0.06, 0.03-0.05, 4-12, 4-10, 4-8, 5-12, 5-10, 5-8, 6-12, 6-10, or 6-8 wt% or w/v%, for example, or a range between any two of these values. The liquid component of an aqueous composition herein can be an aqueous fluid such as water or aqueous solution, for instance. The solvent of an aqueous solution typically is water, or can comprise about, or at least about, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 98, or 99 wt% water, for example. Reference herein to an aqueous composition or dry composition can also be with respect to an aqueous system or dry system, respectively. In some aspects, a composition herein can comprise, or be in the form of, a solution, dispersion (e.g., emulsion), mixture, wet cake or wet powder, or dry powder.

A solvent of a composition herein can, in some aspects, comprise water and at least about 40% (v/v or w/w) of one or more polar organic solvents, for example. In some aspects, a solvent comprises about, or at least about, 40, 41 , 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,

47, 48, 49, 50, 51 , 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 , 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70,

71 , 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 , 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91 , 92, 93,

94, 95, 96, 97, 40-90, 40-80, 40-70, 40-60, 50-90, 50-80, 50-70, 50-60, 60-90, 60-80,

60-70, 70-90, 70-80, 40-70, 40-60, 75-85, or 85-95 v/v% or w/w% of one or more polar organic solvents. The balance of a solvent typically is water only (e.g., a solvent with about 75 v/v% polar organic solvent has about 25 v/v% water), but can optionally comprise (e.g., less than 2, 1 , 0.5, or 0.25 v/v%) one or more other liquids aside from a polar organic solvent. A solvent herein can optionally be characterized as an aqueous solvent given its having water. While a solvent herein typically comprises one type of polar organic solvent, two, three, or more polar organic solvents can optionally be included; in such aspects, the polar organic solvent concentration typically is that of the combination of the polar organic solvents.

A polar organic solvent in some aspects can be protic. Examples of protic polar organic solvents herein include an alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 1- propanol, tert-butyl alcohol, n-butanol, iso-butanol), methyl formamide and formamide. Additional examples of protic polar organic solvents herein include n-butanol, ethylene glycol, 2-methoxyethanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, glycerol, 1 ,2-propanediol, and 1 ,3- propanetriol.

A polar organic solvent in some aspects can be aprotic. Examples of aprotic polar organic solvents herein include acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, N,N- dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, propylene carbonate, and sulfolane. Additional examples of aprotic polar organic solvents herein include hexamethylphosphoramide, dimethylimidazolidinone (1 ,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone), dioxane, nitromethane, and butanone. In general, ester, ketone and aldehyde solvents having no acidic hydrogen atom are other examples of aprotic polar organic solvents herein.

An aqueous composition herein can have a viscosity of about, at least about, or less than about, 1 , 5, 10, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 15000, 1-300, 10-300, 25-300, 50-300, 1-250, 10-250, 25-250, 50-250, 1-200, 10-200, 25-200, 50-200, 1-150, 10-150, 25-150, 50-150, 1-100, 10-100, 25-100, or 50-100 centipoise (cps), for example. Viscosity can be as measured with an aqueous composition herein at any temperature between about 3 °C to about 80 °C, for example (e.g., 4-30 °C, 15-30 °C, 15-25 °C). Viscosity typically is as measured at atmospheric pressure (about 760 torr) or a pressure that is ±10% thereof. Viscosity can be measured using a viscometer or rheometer, for example, and can optionally be as measured at a shear rate (rotational shear rate) of about 0.1 , 0.5, 1.0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 0.1-500, 0.1-100, 1.0-500, 1.0-1000, or 1.0-100 S’¹ (1/s), or about 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 250 rpm (revolutions per minute), for example.

A composition as presently disclosed can have a turbidity of about, or less than about, 1500, 1400, 1300, 1200, 1100, 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 280, 260, 240, 220, 200, 190, 180, 170, 160, 150, 140, 130, 120, 110, 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 , 1-250, 1-200, 1-150, 1- 100, 1-50, 1-20, 1-15, 1-10, 1-5, 2-250, 2-200, 2-150, 2-100, 2-50, 2-20, 2-15, 2-10, 2-5, 10-250, 10-200, 10-150, 10-100, 10-50, or 10-20 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units), for example. Any of these NTU values can optionally be with respect to an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative and solvent ingredients portion of a composition herein. In some aspects, any of these NTU levels is contemplated to be (to persist) for a time (typically beginning from initial preparation) of about, at least about, or up to about, 0.5, 1 , 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, or 360 days, or 1 , 2, or 3 years. Any suitable method can be used to measure turbidity, such as the methodology disclosed in Progress in Filtration and Separation (Edition: 1 , Chapter 16. Turbidity: Measurement of Filtrate and Supernatant Quality?, Publisher: Academic Press, Editors: E.S. Tarleton, July 2015), which is incorporated herein by reference, or as described in the below Examples.

An aqueous composition in some aspects comprising an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative can have one or more salts/buffers (e.g., Na⁺, Cl; NaCI, phosphate, tris, citrate) (e.g., < 0.1 , 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 wt%) and/or a pH of about 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, 11.0, 11.5, 12.0, 12.5, 13.0, 13.5, 4.0-10.0, 4.0-9.0, 4.0-8.0, 5.0-10.0, 5.0-9.0, 5.0-8.0, 6.0-10.0, 6.0-9.0, 6.0- 8.0, 9.0-13.5, 10.0-13.5, 10.5-13.5, 11.0-13.5, 9.0-13.0, 10.0-13.0, 10.5-13.0, or 11.0- 13.0, for example. An acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein typically is anionic, particularly if the polysaccharide has only been derivatized with acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid (no other organic group derivatized to the polysaccharide). The charge of an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can be as it exists when the polysaccharide derivative is in an aqueous composition herein, for example, further taking into account the pH of the aqueous composition (in some aspects, the pH can be 4-10 or 5-9, or any pH as disclosed above).

In some aspects, with an aqueous composition that is an aqueous dispersion (e.g., emulsion) of particles of an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative of the present disclosure, the particles are dispersed through about, or at least about, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or 100% of the volume of the dispersion. In some aspects, such a level of dispersion (e.g., emulsion) is contemplated to be for a time (typically beginning from initial preparation of the dispersion) of about, at least about, or up to about, 0.5, 1 , 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, or 360 days, or 1 , 2, or 3 years.

The temperature of a composition herein comprising an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (e.g., aqueous composition) can be about, or up to about, or less than about, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150, 155, 160, 0-160, 0-150, 0-140, 0-130, 0-120, 0-110, 0-100, 0-90, 0-80, 0-70, 0-60, 10-160, 10-150, IQ- 140, 10-130, 10-120, 10-110, 10-100, 10-90, 10-80, 10-70, 10-60, 50-80, 50-75, 50-70, 50-65, 55-80, 55-75, 55-70, 55-65, 60-80, 60-75, 60-70, 60-65, 5-50, 15-25, 20-25, 20- 30, or 20-40 °C, for example.

A composition herein comprising an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative can, in some aspects, be non-aqueous (e.g., a dry composition). Examples of such embodiments include powders, granules, microcapsules, flakes, or any other form of particulate matter. Other examples include larger compositions such as pellets, bars, kernels, beads, tablets, sticks, or other agglomerates, or ointment or lotion (or any other form herein of a non-aqueous or dry composition). A non-aqueous or dry composition typically has about, or no more than about, 12, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.10, 0.05, or 0.01 wt% water comprised therein. In some aspects (e.g., those directed to laundry or dish washing detergents), a dry composition herein can be provided in a sachet, pouch, water- dispersible composition/camer (e.g., fiber-containing composition such as a non-woven or other fibrous structure, a sponge or foam, an agglomerate), water-dissolvable composition/camer (e.g., sheet or film, fiber-containing composition such as a nonwoven or other fibrous structure, a sponge or foam, an agglomerate), or any other suitable unit dose form.

A composition herein comprising an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative can, in some aspects, be a detergent composition. Examples of such compositions are disclosed herein as detergents for dishwashing and detergents for fabric care.

A composition herein comprising an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative can, in some aspects, comprise one or more salts such as a sodium salt (e.g., NaCI, Na₂SC>4). Other examples of salts include those having (i) an aluminum, ammonium, barium, calcium, chromium (II or III), copper (I or II), iron (II or III), hydrogen, lead (II), lithium, magnesium, manganese (II or III), mercury (I or II), potassium, silver, sodium strontium, tin (II or IV), or zinc cation, and (ii) an acetate, borate, bromate, bromide, carbonate, chlorate, chloride, chlorite, chromate, cyanamide, cyanide, dichromate, dihydrogen phosphate, ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, fluoride, hydrogen carbonate, hydrogen phosphate, hydrogen sulfate, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen sulfite, hydride, hydroxide, hypochlorite, iodate, iodide, nitrate, nitride, nitrite, oxalate, oxide, perchlorate, permanganate, peroxide, phosphate, phosphide, phosphite, silicate, stannate, stannite, sulfate, sulfide, sulfite, tartrate, or thiocyanate anion. Thus, any salt having a cation from (i) above and an anion from (ii) above can be in a composition, for example. A salt can be present in an aqueous composition herein at a wt% of about, or at least about, .01 , .025, .05, .075, .1 , .25, .5, .75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, .01-3.5, .5-3.5, .5-2.5, or .5-1 .5 wt% (such wt% values typically refer to the total concentration of one or more salts), for example.

A composition herein comprising an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative can optionally contain one or more enzymes (active enzymes). Examples of suitable enzymes include proteases, cellulases, hemicellulases, peroxidases, lipolytic enzymes (e.g., metallolipolytic enzymes), xylanases, lipases, phospholipases, esterases (e.g., arylesterase, polyesterase), perhydrolases, cutinases, pectinases, pectate lyases, mannanases, keratinases, reductases, oxidases (e.g., choline oxidase), phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, beta-glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidases, chondroitinases, laccases, metalloproteinases, amadoriases, glucoamylases, arabinofuranosidases, phytases, isomerases, transferases, nucleases, and amylases. If an enzyme(s) is included, it can be comprised in a composition herein at about 0.0001- 0.1 wt% (e.g., 0.01-0.03 wt%) active enzyme (e.g., calculated as pure enzyme protein), for example. In fabric care or automatic dishwashing applications, an enzyme (e.g., any of the above such as cellulase, protease, amylase, nuclease, and/or lipase) can be present in an aqueous composition in which a fabric or dish is treated (e.g., wash liquor, grey water) at a concentration that is minimally about 0.01-0.1 ppm total enzyme protein, or about 0.1-10 ppb total enzyme protein (e.g., less than 1 ppm), to maximally about 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, or 5000 ppm total enzyme protein, for example.

An acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative and/or a composition comprising such a derivative is biodegradable in some aspects. Such biodegradability can be, for example, as determined by the Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test Method (OECD Guideline 301 B, incorporated herein by reference), to be about, at least about, or at most about, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 5-60%, 5-80%, 5-90%, 40-70%, 50-70%, 60-70%, 40-75%, 50-75%, 60-75%, 70-75%, 40-80%, 50-80%, 60-80%, 70-80%, 40- 85%, 50-85%, 60-85%, 70-85%, 40-90%, 50-90%, 60-90%, or 70-90%, or any value between 5% and 90%, after 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, or 90 days of testing. It is contemplated that such biodegradability can be about, at least about, or at most about, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 500%, 750%, or 1000% higher than the biodegradability of an incumbent material.

An acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative in some aspects can be crosslinked, typically by chemical (covalent) crosslinking. Crosslinks formed using a crosslinking agent herein can be between two or more polysaccharide derivative molecules (i.e. , intermolecular crosslinks), for example. It is contemplated that EGDE- based crosslinks in some aspects can also be intramolecular, i.e., crosslinking at different points within a single polysaccharide derivative molecule.

A crosslinked acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can comprise a homogenous or heterogenous polysaccharide derivative component. A crosslinked polysaccharide derivative with a homogenous polysaccharide derivative component can be prepared using one form/type, lot, or preparation of polysaccharide derivative, for example, such as that made using a particular enzymatic reaction and/or derivatization. A crosslinked polysaccharide derivative with a heterogenous polysaccharide derivative component typically can be prepared using two or more different forms/types, lots, or preparations of polysaccharide derivatives, for example. For example, a heterogenous crosslinked polysaccharide derivative can comprise two or more acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives differing in substitution groups, DoS, molecular weight, and/or glycosidic linkage profile.

A crosslinking agent herein for crosslinking an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative in some aspects can be a di- or poly-carboxylic acid, aldehyde, or polyphenol. One or more crosslinking agents useful for crosslinking a polysaccharide derivative herein are contemplated to include phosphoryl chloride (POCI3), polyphosphate, sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), boron-containing compounds (e.g., boric acid, diborates, tetraborates such as tetraborate decahydrate, pentaborates, polymeric compounds such as Polybor®, alkali borates), polyvalent metals (e.g., titanium-containing compounds such as titanium ammonium lactate, titanium triethanolamine, titanium acetylacetonate, or polyhydroxy complexes of titanium; zirconium-containing compounds such as zirconium lactate, zirconium carbonate, zirconium acetylacetonate, zirconium triethanolamine, zirconium diisopropylamine lactate, or polyhydroxy complexes of zirconium), glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, aldehyde, polyphenol, divinyl sulfone, epichlorohydrin, polyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE), di- or poly-carboxylic acids (e.g., citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid), dichloro acetic acid, polyamines, 1 ,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), a diglycidyl ether (e.g., diglycidyl ether itself, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether [EGDE], 1 ,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether [BDGE], polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether [PEGDE, such as PEG2000DGE], bisphenol A diglycidyl ether [BADGE]), bis-guaiacol diepoxide and triglycidyl ether (e.g., trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether). Additional examples of crosslinking agents contemplated to be useful herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4462917, 4464270, 4477360, or 4799550, or U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. No. 2008/0112907, which are all incorporated herein by reference. Yet, in some aspects, a crosslinking agent is not a boron-containing compound (e.g., as described above).

A composition can comprise one, two, three, four or more different acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives herein and, optionally, at least one non- derivatized polysaccharide (e.g., as disclosed herein). For example, a composition can comprise at least one type of acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid glucan derivative and at least one type of glucan; in some aspects, the latter can be (or can be capable of being) a precursor compound of the former. In some aspects, a non-derivatized alpha-glucan (e.g., precursor compound) is not present. In some aspects, an aqueous composition herein comprising an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative further comprises at least one cation, and the polysaccharide derivative is bound to the cation. Such binding is typically via ionic bonding. Examples of a cation include one or more hard water cations such as Ca²⁺ and/or Mg²⁺. The binding of an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein to a cation in an aqueous composition/system can act to soften the water (act as a builder) of the aqueous composition/system, for instance.

An aqueous composition/system in which an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can bind to at least one cation can be wash liquor I grey water being used to wash dishware herein (e.g., in an automatic dishwashing machine) or fabric-containing articles herein (e.g., clothes, such as in a laundry machine), or any other aqueous composition/system to which a detergent has been added for washing and/or providing maintenance, for example; such an aqueous composition/system typically can benefit from the ability of the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative to prevent/reduce negative effects (e.g., scale deposition and/or scum formation) caused by the presence of one or more cations. In some aspects, an aqueous composition/system in which an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative can bind to at least one cation can be any system disclosed herein in which water or an aqueous solution is circulated, transited, and/or stored (a detergent does not necessarily need to be present); such a system typically can also benefit for the same reasons as disclosed above. Typically, an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can act as a builder/softener by sequestering/chelating and/or precipitating cations. An aqueous-soluble acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can, in some aspects, bind cations and remain aqueous-soluble. An aqueous-insoluble acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein that is dispersed (e.g., stably dispersed) can, in some aspects, bind cations and remain dispersed. The binding (or other interaction, whatever the case may be) between an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein with a cation can prevent/reduce formation (e.g., by about, or at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80%, as compared to not using the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative) of undesired insoluble salts (e.g., carbonates such as CaCCh or MgCCh, hydroxides such as Mg(OH)₂ or Ca(OH)₂, sulfates such a CaSC ) and/or other insoluble compounds (e.g., calcium and/or magnesium salts of fatty acids such as stearate), and/or their deposits (e.g., scale, scum such as soap scum) that can form in aqueous systems having hard water cations. In some aspects, scale can comprise CaCOs, MgCCh, CaSC>4, Fe₂C>3, FeS, and/or FeS₂.

In addition to those mentioned above, some examples of aqueous systems herein that can be treated with an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative include those of an industrial setting. Examples of industrial settings herein include those of an energy (e.g., fossil fuel such as petroleum or natural gas), water (e.g., water treatment and/or purification, industrial water, wastewater treatment), agriculture (e.g., grain, fruits/vegetables, fishing, aquaculture, dairy, animal farming, timber, plants), chemical (e.g., pharmaceutical, chemical processing), food processing/manufacturing, mining, or transportation (e.g., fresh water and/or maritime shipping, train or truck container) industry. Further examples of aqueous systems herein that can be treated with an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein include those for water treatment, water storage, and/or other water-bearing system (e.g., piping/conduits, heat exchangers, condensers, filters/filtration systems, storage tanks, water cooling towers, water cooling systems/apparati, pasteurizers, boilers, sprayers, nozzles, ship hull, ballast water). Further examples of aqueous systems herein that can be treated with an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein include those of a medical/dental/healthcare setting (e.g., hospital, clinic, examination room, nursing home; e.g., instrument cleaning), food service setting (e.g., restaurant, commissary kitchen, cafeteria), retail setting (e.g., grocery, soft drink machine/dispenser), hospital ity/travel setting (e.g., hotel/motel), sports/recreational setting (e.g., aquatics/tubs, spa), or office/home setting (e.g., bathroom, tub/shower, kitchen, appliances [e.g., laundry machine, automatic dishwashing machine, fridge, freezer], sprinkler system, home/building water piping, water storage tank, water heater). Further examples of aqueous systems herein that can be treated with an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein include those as disclosed in any of U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. 2013/0029884, 2005/0238729, 2010/0298275, 2016/0152495, 2013/0052250, 2015/009891 , 2016/0152495, 2017/0044468, 2012/0207699, 2020/0308592, 2024/0199766, or 2024/0150497, or U.S. Patent Nos. 4552591 , 4925582, 6478972, 6514458, 6395189, 7927496, or 8784659, or Int. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. WO2022/178073 or WO2022/178075, which are all incorporated herein by reference. In some aspects, an aqueous system that can be treated herein comprises (i) salt water such as seawater, or (ii) an aqueous solution having about 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0, 3.25. 3.5, 3.75, 4.0, 2.5- 4.0, 2.75-4.0, 3.0-4.0, 2.5-3.5, 2.75-3.5, 3.0-3.5, 3.0-4.0, or 3.0-3.5 wt% of one or a combination of salts (e.g., including at least NaCI).

In some aspects, an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative can form a complex with a hard water salt herein (e.g., a carbonate such as CaCCh). Such a complex can, for example, comprise a hard water salt that is enveloped/covered (e.g., 100%, or at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 99% enveloped/covered) by the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative. Such a complex typically is water-insoluble; because of this feature, such a complex can be readily removed from an aqueous composition. Thus, further disclosed herein is a method comprising treating an aqueous composition having at least one hard water salt (e.g., a carbonate such as CaCOs or MgCCh, a hydroxide such as Ca(OH)₂ or Mg(OH)₂, a sulfate such a CaSC>4) with at least one acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein, where the treatment results in the formation of a water-insoluble complex comprising the hard water salt and the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative. Such a water-insoluble complex can be stably dispersed or stably dispersible in some aspects. This method can optionally further comprise removing all or most of the water-insoluble complexes (that formed during the treatment step) from the aqueous composition. To the extent that this method removes a water-insoluble hard water salt, such a method can optionally be considered as a flocculation method. A water-insoluble complex herein comprising at least one acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative and at least one hard water salt can be used as an ingredient in various products, such as a paper product. Thus, a product such as paper is disclosed herein comprising a complex that comprises an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative and a hard water salt.

A composition/product comprising at least one acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein, such as an aqueous composition or a non-aqueous composition, can be in the form of a household care product, personal care product, industrial product, ingestible product, medical product, or pharmaceutical product, for example, such as described in any of U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. 2018/0022834, 2018/0237816, 2018/0230241 , 20180079832, 2016/0311935, 2016/0304629, 2015/0232785, 2015/0368594, 2015/0368595, 2016/0122445, 2019/0202942, or 2019/0309096, or International Patent Appl. Publ. No. WO2016/133734, which are all incorporated herein by reference. In some aspects, a composition can comprise at least one component/ingredient of a household care product, personal care product, industrial product, medical product, pharmaceutical product, or ingestible product as disclosed in any of the foregoing publications and/or as presently disclosed.

A composition in some aspects is believed to be useful for providing one or more of the following physical properties to a personal care product, pharmaceutical product, household product, industrial product, medical product, or ingestible product: thickening, freeze/thaw stability, lubricity, moisture retention and release, texture, consistency, shape retention, emulsification, binding, suspension, dispersion, gelation, reduced mineral hardness, for example.

Personal care products herein are not particularly limited and include, for example, skin care compositions, cosmetic compositions, antifungal compositions, and antibacterial compositions. Personal care products herein may be in the form of, for example, lotions, creams, foams, pastes, balms, ointments, pomades, gels, liquids, serums, combinations of these and the like. The personal care products disclosed herein can include at least one active ingredient, if desired. An active ingredient is generally recognized as an ingredient that causes an intended pharmacological effect.

A personal care product in some aspects can be a skin care product. A skin care product can be used on, and/or be designed for, general body application or targeted application (e.g., to hands or feet), for example. A skin care product in some aspects can be used on hair and/or nails (or exclusively for nails) in some aspects. In some aspects, a skin care product can be applied to skin for addressing skin damage related to a lack of moisture. A skin care product may also be used to address the visual appearance of skin (e.g., reduce the appearance of flaky, cracked, and/or red skin) and/or the tactile feel of the skin (e.g., reduce roughness and/or dryness of the skin while improved the softness and subtleness of the skin). A skin care product typically may include at least one active ingredient for the treatment or prevention of skin ailments, providing a cosmetic effect, or for providing a moisturizing benefit to skin, such as zinc oxide, petrolatum, white petrolatum, mineral oil, cod liver oil, lanolin, dimethicone, hard fat, vitamin A, allantoin, calamine, kaolin, glycerin, or colloidal oatmeal, and combinations of these. A skin care product may include one or more natural moisturizing factors such as ceramides, hyaluronic acid, glycerin, squalane, amino acids, cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, glycosphingolipids, urea, linoleic acid, glycosaminoglycans, mucopolysaccharide, sodium lactate, or sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate, for example. Other ingredients that may be included in a skin care product include, without limitation, glycerides, apricot kernel oil, canola oil, squalane, squalene, coconut oil, corn oil, jojoba oil, jojoba wax, lecithin, olive oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, shea butter, soybean oil, sweet almond oil, sunflower oil, tea tree oil, shea butter, palm oil, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, wax esters, fatty acids, and orange oil. A skin care product can be an ointment, lotion, or sanitizer (e.g., hand sanitizer) in some aspects. A skin care product/formulation that can be adapted to be an aqueous composition herein can be as disclosed in, for example, US20100189669, US20200093799, US20080014162, US20050002889, US20020039565, US20080213323, US20040022822, US20070166249, US20080152606, US20080008668, US20140256830, US20030206932, US20030114323, US20110152335, US20150202139, US20040180026, US4595586, US4268526, US4272519, US4285967, US4368189, US4372944, US4699780, US4816271 , US4839164, US4464362, US5552135, US5693255, US5976555, US5607921 , US5618523, US5798108, US5356627, US5811083, US5939085, US6280714, US8465973, US9867774, US11110049, US10546658, US11033480, EP0321929, or WO201 3092872, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. A skin care product can comprise one or more ingredients/additives as disclosed in any of the foregoing references, for example.

A personal care product herein can also be in the form of makeup, lipstick, mascara, rouge, foundation, blush, eyeliner, lip liner, lip gloss, other cosmetics, sunscreen, sun block, nail polish, nail conditioner, bath gel, shower gel, body wash, face wash, lip balm, skin conditioner, cream, foam, cold cream, moisturizer, body spray, soap, body scrub, exfoliant, astringent, scruffing lotion, depilatory, permanent waving solution, antidandruff formulation, antiperspirant composition, deodorant, shaving product, pre-shaving product, after-shaving product, cleanser, skin gel, serum (skin serum), rinse, dentifrice composition, toothpaste, or mouthwash, for example. An example of a personal care product (e.g., a cleanser, soap, scrub, cosmetic) comprises a carrier or exfoliation agent (e.g., jojoba beads [jojoba ester beads]) (e.g., about 1-10, 3-7, 4-6, or 5 wt%); such an agent may optionally be dispersed within the product.

A personal care product in some aspects can be a hair care product. Examples of hair care products herein include shampoo, hair conditioner (leave-in or rinse-out), cream rinse, hair dye, hair coloring product, hair shine product, hair serum, hair anti-frizz product, hair split-end repair product, mousse, hair spray, and styling gel. A hair care product can be in the form of a liquid, paste, gel, cream, foam, solid, or powder in some embodiments. A hair care product as presently disclosed typically comprises one or more of the following ingredients, which are generally used to formulate hair care products: anionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylenelauryl ether sodium sulfate; cationic surfactants such as stearyltrimethylammonium chloride and/or distearyltrimethylammonium chloride; nonionic surfactants such as glyceryl monostearate, sorbitan monopalmitate and/or polyoxyethylenecetyl ether; wetting agents such as propylene glycol, 1 ,3-butylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, pyroglutamic acid salts, amino acids and/or trimethylglycine; hydrocarbons such as liquid paraffins, petrolatum, solid paraffins, squalane and/or olefin oligomers; higher alcohols such as stearyl alcohol and/or cetyl alcohol; superfatting agents; antidandruff agents; disinfectants; anti-inflammatory agents; crude drugs; water-soluble polymers such as methyl cellulose, hydroxycellulose and/or partially deacetylated chitin; antiseptics such as paraben; ultra-violet light absorbers; pearling agents; pH adjustors; perfumes; and pigments.

An personal care product in some aspects can be a hair care composition such as a hair styling or hair setting composition (e.g., hair gel or lotion, hair mousse/foam, hair serum) (e.g., foam, creme, paste, non-runny gel, mousse, pomade, lacquer, hair wax). A hair styling/setting composition/formulation that can be adapted to be an aqueous composition herein can be as disclosed in, for example, US20090074697, WO1999048462, US20130068849, JPH0454116A, US5304368, AU667246B2, US5413775, US5441728, US5939058, JP2001302458A, US6346234, US20020085988, US7169380, US20090060858, US20090326151, US20160008257, W02020164769, or US20110217256, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. A hair care composition such as a hair styling/setting composition can comprise one or more ingredients/additives as disclosed in any of the foregoing references, and/or one or more of a fragrance/perfume, aroma therapy essence, herb, infusion, antimicrobial, stimulant (e.g., caffeine), essential oil, hair coloring, dying or tinting agent, anti-gray agent, antifoam agent, sunscreen/UV-blocker (e.g., benzophenone-4), vitamin, antioxidant, surfactant or other wetting agent, mica, silica, metal flakes or other glitter-effect material, conditioning agent (e.g., a volatile or non-volatile silicone fluid), anti-static agent, opacifier, detackifying agent, penetrant, preservative (e.g., phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, benzoate, diazolidinyl urea, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate), emollient (e.g., panthenol, isopropyl myristate), rheology-modifying or thickening polymer (e.g., acrylates/methacrylamide copolymer, polyacrylic acid [e.g., CARBOMER]), emulsified oil phase, petrolatum, fatty alcohols, diols and polyols, emulsifier (e.g., PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, Oleth-20), humectant (e.g., glycerin, caprylyl glycol), silicone derivative, protein, amino acid (e.g., isoleucine), conditioner, chelant (e.g., EDTA), solvent (e.g., see below), monosaccharide (e.g., dextrose), disaccharide, oligosaccharide, pH-stabilizing compound (e.g., aminomethyl propanol), film former (e.g., acrylates/hydroxyester acrylate copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer, triethyl acetate), and/or any other suitable material herein. Optional hair fixing/styling agents herein include PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, vinyl caprolactam/PVP/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, AMPHOMER, or any film former such as listed above.

A hair styling/setting composition can comprise a solvent comprising water and optionally a water-miscible (typically polar) organic compound (e.g., liquid or gas) such as an alcohol (e.g., ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, tert-butanol), an alkylene glycol alkyl ether, and/or a monoalkyl or dialkyl ether (e.g., dimethyl ether), for example. If an organic compound is included, it can constitute about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60% by weight or volume of the solvent (balance is water), for example. The amount of solvent in a hair styling/setting composition herein can be about 50-90, 60-90, 70-90, 80-90, 50-95, 60-95, 70-95, 80-95, or 90-95 wt%, for example.

A pharmaceutical product herein can be in the form of an emulsion, liquid, elixir, gel, suspension, solution, cream, foam, serum, or ointment, for example. Also, a pharmaceutical product herein can be in the form of any of the personal care products disclosed herein, such as an antibacterial or antifungal composition. A pharmaceutical product can further comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts. A composition herein can also be used in capsules, encapsulants, tablets, tablet coatings, and as an excipients for medicaments and drugs.

A household care and/or industrial product herein can be in the form of drywall tape-joint compounds; mortars; grouts; cement plasters; spray plasters; cement stucco; adhesives; pastes; wall/ceiling texturizers; binders and processing aids for tape casting, extrusion forming, injection molding and ceramics; spray adherents and suspending/dispersing aids for pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers; fabric care products such as fabric softeners and laundry detergents; hard surface cleaners; air fresheners; polymer emulsions; latex; gels such as water-based gels; surfactant solutions; paints such as water-based paints; protective coatings; adhesives; sealants and caulks; inks such as water-based ink; metal-working fluids; films or coatings; or emulsion-based metal cleaning fluids used in electroplating, phosphatizing, galvanizing and/or general metal cleaning operations, for example. In some aspects, a composition herein is comprised in a fluid as a viscosity modifier and/or friction reducer; such uses include downhole operations/fluids (e.g., in hydraulic fracturing and enhanced oil recovery).

Examples of ingestible products herein include a human and/or animal health and/or nutrition product, and/or pharmaceutical product. The intended use of a composition as presently disclosed in an ingestible product can be to provide texture, add volume, and/or thicken, for example. Further examples of using a composition of the present disclosure for ingestible products include use as: a bulking, binding and/or coating ingredient; a carrier for coloring agents, flavors/fragrances, and/or high intensity sweeteners; a spray drying adjunct; a bulking, bodying, dispersing and/or emulsification agent; and an ingredient for promoting moisture retention (humectant). Illustrative examples of products that can be prepared having a composition herein include pharmaceutical products and nutritional I nutraceutical products.

Some aspects herein regard (i) salt water such as seawater, or (ii) an aqueous solution having about 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0, 3.25. 3.5, 3.75, 4.0, 2.5-4.0, 2.75-4.0, 3.0- 4.0, 2.5-3.5, 2.75-3.5, 3.0-3.5, 3.0-4.0, or 3.0-3.5 wt% of one or a combination of salts (e.g., including at least NaCI), having at least one acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as presently disclosed. The concentration of an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative in such water of (i) or (ii) can be about, at least about, or below about, 0.1 , 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 0.1-0.6, 0.1-0.5, 0.1 -0.4, 0.1 -0.3, or 0.1 -0.2 wt%, for example. Despite the relatively high salt concentration in such aqueous compositions, it is contemplated that an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative in some aspects can remain completely or mostly in solution or dispersion and provide viscosity. Such a solution or dispersion of (i) or (ii) as viscosity-modified by an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can be as it is used within a system that utilizes such a solution or dispersion (e.g., any herein, such as a downhole operation).

In some aspects, a composition comprising at least one acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can be in the form of a fabric care composition. A fabric care composition can be used for hand wash, machine wash and/or other purposes such as soaking and/or pretreatment of fabrics, for example. A fabric care composition may take the form of, for example, a laundry detergent; fabric conditioner; any wash-, rinse-, or dryer-added product; unit dose or spray. Fabric care compositions in a liquid form may be in the form of an aqueous composition. In other embodiments, a fabric care composition can be in a dry form such as a granular detergent or dryer-added fabric softener sheet. Other non-limiting examples of fabric care compositions can include: granular or powder-form all-purpose or heavy-duty washing agents; liquid, gel or paste-form all-purpose or heavy-duty washing agents; liquid or dry fine-fabric (e.g. delicates) detergents; cleaning auxiliaries such as bleach additives, “stain-stick”, or pre-treatments; substrate-laden products such as dry and wetted wipes, pads, or sponges; sprays and mists; water-soluble unit dose articles; water-dispersible unit dose articles (e.g., article comprising dispersible fiber). As further examples, a composition herein can be in the form of a liquid, a gel, a powder, a hydrocolloid, an aqueous solution, a granule, a tablet, a capsule, a bead or pastille, a single compartment sachet, a multi-compartment sachet, a single compartment pouch, or a multi-compartment pouch.

A detergent composition herein may be in any useful form, e.g., as powders, granules, pastes, bars, unit dose, or liquid. A liquid detergent may be aqueous, typically containing up to about 70 wt% of water and 0 wt% to about 30 wt% of organic solvent. It may also be in the form of a compact gel type containing only about 30 wt% water.

A detergent composition (e.g., of a fabric care product or any other product herein) typically comprises one or more surfactants, wherein the surfactant is selected from nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, ampholytic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, semi-polar nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the surfactant is present at a level of from about 0.1 % to about 60%, while in alternative embodiments the level is from about 1% to about 50%, while in still further embodiments the level is from about 5% to about 40%, by weight of the detergent composition. A detergent will usually contain 0 wt% to about 50 wt% of an anionic surfactant such as linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS), alpha-olefinsulfonate (AOS), alkyl sulfate (fatty alcohol sulfate) (AS), alcohol ethoxysulfate (AEOS or AES), secondary alkanesulfonates (SAS), alpha-sulfo fatty acid methyl esters, alkyl- or alkenylsuccinic acid, or soap. In addition, a detergent composition may optionally contain 0 wt% to about 40 wt% of a nonionic surfactant such as alcohol ethoxylate (AEO or AE), carboxylated alcohol ethoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylate, alkylpolyglycoside, alkyldimethylamineoxide, ethoxylated fatty acid monoethanolamide, fatty acid monoethanolamide, or polyhydroxy alkyl fatty acid amide (as described for example in WO92/06154, which is incorporated herein by reference). However, in some aspects, a detergent composition does not comprise a surfactant, or has less than 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 , 0.5, 0.25, 0.1 , 0.05, or 0.025 wt% of a surfactant (such a “detergent composition” can optionally be referred to as a “composition”, “washing composition”, or “treating composition”, for example; any disclosure herein of a detergent composition does not necessarily need to comprise a surfactant in some aspects).

A detergent composition herein can optionally comprise one or more detergent builders or builder systems, in addition to an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative disclosed herein that can function as a builder. In some aspects, oxidized alpha-1 , 3-glucan can be included as a co-builder; oxidized alpha-1 , 3- glucan compounds for use herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. No. 2015/0259439. In some aspects incorporating at least one builder, the cleaning compositions comprise at least about 1 %, from about 3% to about 60%, or even from about 5% to about 40%, builder by weight of the composition. Examples of builders include alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates, alkali metal silicates, alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates, aluminosilicates, polycarboxylate compounds, ether hydroxypolycarboxylates, copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1 ,3,5-trihydroxy benzene-2,4,6-trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, as well as polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1 ,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof. Additional examples of a detergent builder or complexing agent include zeolite, diphosphate, triphosphate, phosphonate, diphosphonate (e.g., 1-hydroxyethylidene-1 ,1-diphosphonic acid [HEDP]), citrate, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTMPA), alkyl- or alkenylsuccinic acid, soluble silicates or layered silicates (e.g., SKS-6 from Hoechst).

In some embodiments, builders form water-soluble hardness ion complexes (e.g., sequestering builders), such as citrates and polyphosphates (e.g., sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphospate hexahydrate, potassium tripolyphosphate, and mixed sodium and potassium tripolyphosphate, etc.). It is contemplated that any suitable builder will find use in the present disclosure, including those known in the art (See, e.g., EP2100949).

In some embodiments, suitable builders can include phosphate builders and nonphosphate builders. In some embodiments, a builder is a phosphate builder. In some embodiments, a builder is a non-phosphate builder. A builder can be used in a level of from 0.1 % to 80%, or from 5% to 60%, or from 10% to 50%, by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the product comprises a mixture of phosphate and non-phosphate builders. Suitable phosphate builders include mono-phosphates, diphosphates, tri-polyphosphates or oligomeric-polyphosphates, including the alkali metal salts of these compounds, including the sodium salts. In some embodiments, a builder can be sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Additionally, the composition can comprise carbonate and/or citrate, preferably citrate that helps to achieve a neutral pH composition. Other suitable non-phosphate builders include homopolymers and copolymers of polycarboxylic acids and their partially or completely neutralized salts, monomeric polycarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids and their salts. In some embodiments, salts of the above mentioned compounds include ammonium and/or alkali metal salts, i.e. , lithium, sodium, and potassium salts, including sodium salts. Suitable polycarboxylic acids include acyclic, alicyclic, hetero-cyclic and aromatic carboxylic acids, wherein in some embodiments, they can contain at least two carboxyl groups which are in each case separated from one another by, in some instances, no more than two carbon atoms.

A detergent composition herein can comprise at least one chelating agent. Suitable chelating agents include, but are not limited to copper, iron and/or manganese chelating agents and mixtures thereof. In embodiments in which at least one chelating agent is used, the composition comprises from about 0.1 % to about 15%, or even from about 3.0% to about 10%, chelating agent by weight of the composition.

A detergent composition herein can comprise at least one deposition aid. Suitable deposition aids include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polycarboxylate, soil release polymers such as polytelephthalic acid, clays such as kaolinite, montmorillonite, atapulgite, illite, bentonite, halloysite, and mixtures thereof.

A detergent composition herein can comprise one or more dye transfer inhibiting agents. Suitable polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N- vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles or mixtures thereof. Additional dye transfer inhibiting agents include manganese phthalocyanine, peroxidases, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles and/or mixtures thereof; chelating agents examples of which include ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA); diethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonic acid (DTPMP); 1-hydroxyethylidene-1 ,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP); ethylenediamine N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS); methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA); diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA); propylene diamine tetraacetic acid (PDT A); 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide (HPNO); or methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA); glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (N,N-dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid tetrasodium salt (GLDA); nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA); 4,5-dihydroxy-m-benzenedisulfonic acid; citric acid and any salts thereof; N-hydroxyethyl ethylenediaminetri-acetic acid (HEDTA), triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid (TTHA), N-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid (HEIDA), dihydroxyethylglycine (DHEG), ethylenediaminetetrapropionic acid (EDTP) and derivatives thereof, which can be used alone or in combination with any of the above. In embodiments in which at least one dye transfer inhibiting agent is used, a composition herein may comprise from about 0.0001 % to about 10%, from about 0.01% to about 5%, or even from about 0.1 % to about 3%, by weight of the composition.

A detergent composition herein can comprise silicates. In some of these embodiments, sodium silicates (e.g., sodium disilicate, sodium metasilicate, and/or crystalline phyllosilicates) find use. In some embodiments, silicates are present at a level of from about 1 % to about 20% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, silicates are present at a level of from about 5% to about 15% by weight of the composition.

A detergent composition herein can comprise dispersants. Suitable water- soluble organic materials include, but are not limited to the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.

A detergent composition herein may additionally comprise one or more enzymes as disclosed above, for example. In some aspects, a detergent composition can comprise one or more enzymes, each at a level from about 0.00001% to about 10% by weight of the composition and the balance of cleaning adjunct materials by weight of composition. In some other aspects, a detergent composition can also comprise each enzyme at a level of about 0.0001 % to about 10%, about 0.001 % to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 2%, or about 0.005% to about 0.5%, by weight of the composition. Enzymes comprised in a detergent composition herein may be stabilized using conventional stabilizing agents, e.g., a polyol such as propylene glycol or glycerol; a sugar or sugar alcohol; lactic acid; boric acid or a boric acid derivative (e.g., an aromatic borate ester).

A detergent composition in some aspects may comprise one or more other types of polymer in addition to an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as disclosed herein. Examples of other types of polymers useful herein include carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), dextran, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), polycarboxylates such as polyacrylates, maleic/acrylic acid copolymers and lauryl methacrylate/acrylic acid copolymers.

A detergent composition herein may contain a bleaching system. For example, a bleaching system can comprise an H2O2 source such as perborate or percarbonate, which may be combined with a peracid-forming bleach activator such as tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) or nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS). Alternatively, a bleaching system may comprise peroxyacids (e.g., amide, imide, or sulfone type peroxyacids). Alternatively still, a bleaching system can be an enzymatic bleaching system comprising perhydrolase, for example, such as the system described in W02005/056783.

A detergent composition herein may also contain conventional detergent ingredients such as fabric conditioners, clays, foam boosters, suds suppressors, anticorrosion agents, soil-suspending agents, anti-soil redeposition agents, dyes, bactericides, tarnish inhibitors, optical brighteners, or perfumes. The pH of a detergent composition herein (measured in aqueous solution at use concentration) is usually neutral or alkaline (e.g., pH of about 7.0 to about 11 .0).

Examples of suitable anti-redeposition and/or clay soil removal agents for a fabric care product herein include polyethoxy zwitterionic surfactants, water-soluble copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid with acrylic or methacrylic acid-ethylene oxide condensates (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 3719647), cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose (e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 3597416 and 3523088), and mixtures comprising nonionic alkyl polyethoxy surfactant, polyethoxy alkyl quaternary cationic surfactant and fatty amide surfactant (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 4228044). Non-limiting examples of other suitable anti-redeposition and clay soil removal agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4597898 and 4891160, and International Patent Appl. Publ. No. WO95/32272, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Particular forms of detergent compositions that can be adapted for purposes disclosed herein are disclosed in, for example, US20090209445A1 , US20100081598A1 , US7001878B2, EP1504994B1 , W02001085888A2, W02003089562A1 , W02009098659A1 , W02009098660A1 , W02009112992A1 , W02009124160A1 , W02009152031 A1 , W02010059483A1 , WO2010088112A1 , WO2010090915A1 , WO201 0135238A1 , WO2011094687A1 , WO2011094690A1 , WO2011127102A1 , WO201 1163428A1 , W02008000567A1 , W02006045391A1 , W02006007911A1 , W02012027404A1 , EP1740690B1, WO2012059336A1 , US6730646B1 , W02008087426A1 , W02010116139A1 , and W02012104613A1 , all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Laundry detergent compositions herein can optionally be heavy duty (all purpose) laundry detergent compositions. Exemplary heavy duty laundry detergent compositions comprise a detersive surfactant (10%-40% wt/wt), including an anionic detersive surfactant (selected from a group of linear or branched or random chain, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl sulphates, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl alkoxylated sulphate, alkyl phosphates, alkyl phosphonates, alkyl carboxylates, and/or mixtures thereof), and optionally non-ionic surfactant (selected from a group of linear or branched or random chain, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl alkoxylated alcohol, e.g., C8-C18 alkyl ethoxylated alcohols and/or C6-C12 alkyl phenol alkoxylates), where the weight ratio of anionic detersive surfactant (with a hydrophilic index (HIc) of from 6.0 to 9) to non-ionic detersive surfactant is greater than 1 :1. Suitable detersive surfactants also include cationic detersive surfactants (selected from a group of alkyl pyridinium compounds, alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl quaternary phosphonium compounds, alkyl ternary sulphonium compounds, and/or mixtures thereof); zwitterionic and/or amphoteric detersive surfactants (selected from a group of alkanolamine sulphobetaines); ampholytic surfactants; semi-polar non-ionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.

A detergent herein such as a heavy duty laundry detergent composition may optionally include, a surfactancy boosting polymer consisting of amphiphilic alkoxylated grease cleaning polymers (selected from a group of alkoxylated polymers having branched hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, such as alkoxylated polyalkylenimines in the range of 0.05 wt% - 10 wt%) and/or random graft polymers (typically comprising of hydrophilic backbone comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of: unsaturated C1-C6 carboxylic acids, ethers, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, sugar units, alkoxy units, maleic anhydride, saturated polyalcohols such as glycerol, and mixtures thereof; and hydrophobic side chain(s) selected from the group consisting of: C4-C25 alkyl group, polypropylene, polybutylene, vinyl ester of a saturated C1-C6 monocarboxylic acid, C1-C6 alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof.

A detergent herein such as a heavy duty laundry detergent composition may optionally include additional polymers such as soil release polymers (include anionically end-capped polyesters, for example SRP1 , polymers comprising at least one monomer unit selected from saccharide, dicarboxylic acid, polyol and combinations thereof, in random or block configuration, ethylene terephthalate-based polymers and co-polymers thereof in random or block configuration, for example REPEL-O-TEX SF, SF-2 AND SRP6, TEXCARE SRA100, SRA300, SRN100, SRN170, SRN240, SRN300 AND SRN325, MARLOQUEST SL), anti-redeposition agent(s) herein (0.1 wt% to 10 wt%), include carboxylate polymers, such as polymers comprising at least one monomer selected from acrylic acid, maleic acid (or maleic anhydride), fumaric acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, methylenemalonic acid, and any mixture thereof, vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer, and/or polyethylene glycol, molecular weight in the range of from 500 to 100,000 Da); and polymeric carboxylate (such as maleate/acrylate random copolymer or polyacrylate homopolymer).

A detergent herein such as a heavy duty laundry detergent composition may optionally further include saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, preferably saturated or unsaturated C12-C24 fatty acids (0 wt% to 10 wt%); deposition aids (examples for which include polysaccharides, cellulosic polymers, poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium halides (DADMAC), and co-polymers of DAD MAC with vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamides, imidazoles, imidazolinium halides, and mixtures thereof, in random or block configuration, cationic guar gum, cationic starch, cationic polyacrylamides, and mixtures thereof.

A detergent herein such as a heavy duty laundry detergent composition may optionally further include dye transfer inhibiting agents, examples of which include manganese phthalocyanine, peroxidases, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N- oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles and/or mixtures thereof; chelating agents, examples of which include ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonic acid (DTPMP), 1-hydroxyethylidene-1 ,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), ethylenediamine N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA), diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA), propylene diamine tetraacetic acid (PDTA), 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide (HPNO), or methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA), glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (N,N-dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid tetrasodium salt (GLDA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), 4,5-dihydroxy-m-benzenedisulfonic acid, citric acid and any salts thereof, N-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid (TTHA), N-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid (HEIDA), dihydroxyethylglycine (DHEG), ethylenediaminetetrapropionic acid (EDTP), and derivatives thereof. A detergent herein such as a heavy duty laundry detergent composition may optionally include silicone or fatty-acid based suds suppressors; hueing dyes, calcium and magnesium cations, visual signaling ingredients, anti-foam (0.001 wt% to about 4.0 wt%), and/or a structurant/thickener (0.01 wt% to 5 wt%) selected from the group consisting of diglycerides and triglycerides, ethylene glycol distearate, microcrystalline cellulose, microfiber cellulose, biopolymers, xanthan gum, gellan gum, and mixtures thereof). A structural can also be referred to as a structural agent.

A detergent herein can be in the form of a heavy duty dry/solid laundry detergent composition, for example. Such a detergent may include: (i) a detersive surfactant, such as any anionic detersive surfactant disclosed herein, any non-ionic detersive surfactant disclosed herein, any cationic detersive surfactant disclosed herein, any zwitterionic and/or amphoteric detersive surfactant disclosed herein, any ampholytic surfactant, any semi-polar non-ionic surfactant, and mixtures thereof; (ii) a builder, such as any phosphate-free builder (e.g., zeolite builders in the range of 0 wt% to less than 10 wt%), any phosphate builder (e.g., sodium tri-polyphosphate in the range of 0 wt% to less than 10 wt%), citric acid, citrate salts and nitrilotriacetic acid, any silicate salt (e.g., sodium or potassium silicate or sodium meta-silicate in the range of 0 wt% to less than 10 wt%); any carbonate salt (e.g., sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate in the range of 0 wt% to less than 80 wt%), and mixtures thereof; (iii) a bleaching agent, such as any photobleach (e.g., sulfonated zinc phthalocyanines, sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanines, xanthenes dyes, and mixtures thereof), any hydrophobic or hydrophilic bleach activator (e.g., dodecanoyl oxybenzene sulfonate, decanoyl oxybenzene sulfonate, decanoyl oxybenzoic acid or salts thereof, 3,5,5-trimethy hexanoyl oxybenzene sulfonate, tetraacetyl ethylene diamine-TAED, nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate-NOBS, nitrile quats, and mixtures thereof), any source of hydrogen peroxide (e.g., inorganic perhydrate salts, examples of which include mono or tetra hydrate sodium salt of perborate, percarbonate, persulfate, perphosphate, or persilicate), any preformed hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic peracids (e.g., percarboxylic acids and salts, percarbonic acids and salts, perimidic acids and salts, peroxymonosulfuric acids and salts, and mixtures thereof); and/or (iv) any other components such as a bleach catalyst (e.g., imine bleach boosters examples of which include iminium cations and polyions, iminium zwitterions, modified amines, modified amine oxides, N-sulphonyl imines, N- phosphonyl imines, N-acyl imines, thiadiazole dioxides, perfluoroimines, cyclic sugar ketones, and mixtures thereof), and a metal-containing bleach catalyst (e.g., copper, iron, titanium, ruthenium, tungsten, molybdenum, or manganese cations along with an auxiliary metal cations such as zinc or aluminum and a sequestrate such as EDTA, ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid).

A detergent herein such as that for fabric care (e.g., laundry) can be comprised in a unit dose (e.g., sachet or pouch), for example. A unit dose form can comprise a water- soluble outer film that completely envelopes a liquid or solid detergent composition. A unit dose can comprise a single compartment, or at least two, three, or more (multiple) compartments. Multiple compartments can be arranged in a superposed orientation or a side-by-side orientation. A unit dose herein is typically a closed structure of any form/shape suitable for holding and protecting its contents without allowing contents release prior to contact with water. In some aspects, a unit dose can comprise water- dispersible fiber or water-dissolvable fiber.

In some aspects, a composition comprising at least one acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can be in the form of, or comprise, a fabric softener (liquid fabric softener). An example of such a composition is a rinse used in laundering a fabric-comprising material herein typically following cleaning of the fabriccomprising material with a laundry detergent composition (e.g., laundry rinse such as used in a laundry rinse cycle in a washing machine). The concentration of an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative in a composition comprising fabric softener (e.g., a rinse) can be about, or at least about, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 20-80, 20-70, 20-60, 30-80, 30-70, 30-60, 40-80, 40-70, or 40-60 ppm, for example. The concentration of a fabric softener in a composition (e.g., a rinse) can be about, or at least about, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 50-600, 50-500, 50-400, 50-300, 50-200, 100-600, 100-500, 100-400, 100-300, 100-200, 10-600, 50-500, 50-400, 50-300, 50-200, 200-600, 200-500, 200-400, or 200-300 ppm, for example. Fabric softener concentration can be based on the total fabric softener composition added (not necessarily based on an individual component of the fabric softener), or based on one or more fabric softening agents(s) in the fabric softener formulation. A fabric softener herein can further comprise, for example, one or more of a fabric softening agent (e.g., diethyl ester dimethyl ammonium chloride), anti-static agent, perfume, wetting agent, viscosity modifier (e.g., calcium chloride), pH buffer/buffering agent (e.g., formic acid), antimicrobial agent, anti-oxidant, radical scavenger (e.g., ammonium chloride), chelant/builder (e.g., diethylenetriamine pentaacetate), anti-foaming agent/lubricant (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane), preservative (e.g., benzisothiazolinone) and colorant. In some aspects, a fabric softener can further comprise one or more of a fabric softening agent, viscosity modifier, pH buffer/buffering agent, radical scavenger, chelant/builder and anti-foaming agent/lubricant. A fabric softener can be perfume-free and/or dye-free, or have less than about 0.1 wt% of a perfume and/or dye in some aspects. In some aspects, a fabric softener that can be adapted for use herein can be as disclosed in any of U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. 2014/0366282, 2001/0018410, 2006/0058214, 2021/0317384, or 2006/0014655, or I nt. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. W02007/078782, W0 1998/016538, WO1998/012293, W01998007920, W02000/070004,

W02009/146981 , W02000/70005, or WO2013087366, which are incorporated herein by reference. Some brands of fabric softeners that can be adapted for use herein, if desired, include DOWNY, DOWNY ULTRA, DOWNY INFUSIONS, ALL, SNUGGLE, LENOR and GAIN. A liquid fabric softener product (e.g., as it exists before being used in a laundry rinse cycle) can be formulated to include one or more acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives in some aspects. A fabric softener in some aspects can be in a unit dose, such as disclosed herein for a detergent.

Compositions disclosed herein comprising at least one acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative can be in the form of a dishwashing detergent composition, for example. Examples of dishwashing detergents include automatic dishwashing detergents (typically used in dishwasher machines) and hand-washing dish detergents. A dishwashing detergent composition can be in any dry or liquid/aqueous form as disclosed herein, for example. Components that may be included in some aspects of a dishwashing detergent composition include, for example, one or more of a phosphate; oxygen- or chlorine-based bleaching agent; non-ionic surfactant; alkaline salt (e.g., metasilicates, alkali metal hydroxides, sodium carbonate); any active enzyme disclosed herein; anti-corrosion agent (e.g., sodium silicate); anti-foaming agent; additives to slow down the removal of glaze and patterns from ceramics; perfume; anticaking agent (in granular detergent); starch (in tablet-based detergents); gelling agent (in I iquid/gel based detergents); and/or sand (powdered detergents).

Dishwashing detergents such as an automatic dishwasher detergent or liquid dishwashing detergent can comprise (i) a non-ionic surfactant, including any ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant, alcohol alkoxylated surfactant, epoxy-capped poly(oxyalkylated) alcohol, or amine oxide surfactant present in an amount from 0 to 10 wt%; (ii) a builder, in the range of about 5-60 wt%, including any phosphate builder (e.g., monophosphates, di-phosphates, tri-polyphosphates, other oligomeric-polyphosphates, sodium tripolyphosphate-STPP), any phosphate-free builder (e.g., amino acid-based compounds including methyl-glycine-diacetic acid [MGDA] and salts or derivatives thereof, glutamic-N,N-diacetic acid [GLDA] and salts or derivatives thereof, iminodisuccinic acid (IDS) and salts or derivatives thereof, carboxy methyl inulin and salts or derivatives thereof, nitrilotriacetic acid [NTA], diethylene triamine penta acetic acid [DTPA], B-alaninediacetic acid [B-ADA] and salts thereof), homopolymers and copolymers of poly-carboxylic acids and partially or completely neutralized salts thereof, monomeric polycarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids and salts thereof in the range of 0.5 wt% to 50 wt%, or sulfonated/carboxylated polymers in the range of about 0.1 wt% to about 50 wt%; (iii) a drying aid in the range of about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% (e.g., polyesters, especially anionic polyesters, optionally together with further monomers with 3 to 6 functionalities - typically acid, alcohol or ester functionalities which are conducive to polycondensation, polycarbonate-, polyurethane- and/or polyurea- polyorganosiloxane compounds or precursor compounds thereof, particularly of the reactive cyclic carbonate and urea type); (iv) a silicate in the range from about 1 wt% to about 20 wt% (e.g., sodium or potassium silicates such as sodium disilicate, sodium meta-silicate and crystalline phyllosilicates); (v) an inorganic bleach (e.g., perhydrate salts such as perborate, percarbonate, perphosphate, persulfate and persilicate salts) and/or an organic bleach (e.g., organic peroxyacids such as diacyl- and tetraacylperoxides, especially diperoxydodecanedioic acid, diperoxytetradecanedioic acid, and diperoxyhexadecanedioic acid); (vi) a bleach activator (e.g., organic peracid precursors in the range from about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt%) and/or bleach catalyst (e.g., manganese triazacyclononane and related complexes; Co, Cu, Mn, and Fe bispyridylamine and related complexes; and pentamine acetate cobalt(lll) and related complexes); (vii) a metal care agent in the range from about 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% (e.g., benzatriazoles, metal salts and complexes, and/or silicates); (viii) a glass corrosion inhibitor in the range of about 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% (e.g., a salt and/or complex of magnesium, zinc, or bismuth); and/or (ix) any active enzyme disclosed herein in the range from about 0.01 to 5.0 mg of active enzyme per gram of automatic dishwashing detergent composition, and an enzyme stabilizer component (e.g., oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and inorganic divalent metal salts). In some aspects, a dishwashing detergent ingredient or entire composition (but adapted accordingly to comprise an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein) can be as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 8575083 or 9796951 , U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2017/0044468, or Int. Pat. Appl. Publ. Nos. W02023/111170, WO2023/156427, WO2023/105006, WO2022/214385, or WO2022189536, which are each incorporated herein by reference. For example, an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can replace or partially replace a builder ingredient(s) (e.g., acrylate compound[s], and/or any other non-renewable or non-biodegradable builder ingredient) in an automatic dishwashing detergent such as disclosed in any of the foregoing references or as embodied in a product brand disclosed herein. In some aspects, a dish detergent can comprise at least one other builder (e.g., any as disclosed in a laundry or dish detergent herein, e.g., HEDP) in addition to an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein.

A detergent herein such as that for dish care can be comprised in a unit dose (e.g., sachet or pouch) (e.g., water-soluble unit dose article, water-dispersible unit dose comprising fiber), for example, and can be as described above for a fabric care detergent, but rather comprise a suitable dish detergent composition.

It is believed that numerous commercially available detergent formulations can be adapted to include at least one acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as disclosed herein. Examples of commercially available detergent formulations include PUREX® ULTRAPACKS (Henkel), FINISH® QUANTUM (Reckitt Benckiser), CLOROX™ 2 PACKS (Clorox), OXICLEAN MAX FORCE POWER PAKS (Church & Dwight), TIDE® STAIN RELEASE, CASCADE® ACTIONPACS, and TIDE® PODS™ (Procter & Gamble).

Compositions disclosed herein comprising at least one acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative can be in the form of an oral care composition, for example. Examples of oral care compositions include dentifrices, toothpaste, mouth wash, mouth rinse, chewing gum, and edible strips that provide some form of oral care (e.g., treatment or prevention of cavities [dental caries], gingivitis, plaque, tartar, and/or periodontal disease). An oral care composition can also be for treating an “oral surface”, which encompasses any soft or hard surface within the oral cavity including surfaces of the tongue, hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa, gums and dental surfaces. A “dental surface” herein is a surface of a natural tooth or a hard surface of artificial dentition including a crown, cap, filling, bridge, denture, or dental implant, for example.

An oral care composition herein can comprise about 0.01-15.0 wt% (e.g., -0.1-10 wt% or -0.1 -5.0 wt%, -0.1 -2.0 wt%) of an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as disclosed herein, for example. An acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative comprised in an oral care composition can sometimes be provided therein as a thickening agent and/or dispersion agent, which may be useful to impart a desired consistency and/or mouth feel to the composition. One or more other thickening or dispersion agents can also be provided in an oral care composition herein, such as a carboxyvinyl polymer, carrageenan (e.g., L-carrageenan), natural gum (e.g., karaya, xanthan, gum arabic, tragacanth), colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate, or colloidal silica, for example.

An oral care composition herein may be a toothpaste or other dentifrice, for example. Such compositions, as well as any other oral care composition herein, can additionally comprise, without limitation, one or more of an anticaries agent, antimicrobial or antibacterial agent, anticalculus or tartar control agent, surfactant, abrasive, pH- modifying agent, foam modulator, humectant, flavorant, sweetener, pigment/colorant, whitening agent, and/or other suitable components. Examples of oral care compositions to which an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can be added are disclosed in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. 2006/0134025, 2002/0022006 and 2008/0057007, which are incorporated herein by reference.

An anticaries agent herein can be an orally acceptable source of fluoride ions. Suitable sources of fluoride ions include fluoride, monofluorophosphate and fluorosilicate salts as well as amine fluorides, including olaflur (N’-octadecyltrimethylendiamine- N,N,N’- tris(2-ethanol)-dihydrofluoride), for example. An anticaries agent can be present in an amount providing a total of about 100-20000 ppm, about 200-5000 ppm, or about 500-2500 ppm, fluoride ions to the composition, for example. In oral care compositions in which sodium fluoride is the sole source of fluoride ions, an amount of about 0.01-5.0 wt%, about 0.05-1 .0 wt%, or about 0.1 -0.5 wt%, sodium fluoride can be present in the composition, for example.

An antimicrobial or antibacterial agent suitable for use in an oral care composition herein includes, for example, phenolic compounds (e.g., 4-allylcatechol; p- hydroxybenzoic acid esters such as benzylparaben, butylparaben, ethylparaben, methylparaben and propylparaben; 2-benzylphenol; butylated hydroxyanisole; butylated hydroxytoluene; capsaicin; carvacrol; creosol; eugenol; guaiacol; halogenated bisphenolics such as hexachlorophene and bromochlorophene; 4-hexy I resorcinol; 8- hydroxyquinoline and salts thereof; salicylic acid esters such as menthyl salicylate, methyl salicylate and phenyl salicylate; phenol; pyrocatechol; salicylanilide; thymol; halogenated diphenylether compounds such as triclosan and triclosan monophosphate), copper (II) compounds (e.g., copper (II) chloride, fluoride, sulfate and hydroxide), zinc ion sources (e.g., zinc acetate, citrate, gluconate, glycinate, oxide, and sulfate), phthalic acid and salts thereof (e.g., magnesium monopotassium phthalate), hexetidine, octenidine, sanguinarine, benzalkonium chloride, domiphen bromide, alkylpyridinium chlorides (e.g. cetylpyridinium chloride, tetradecylpyridinium chloride, N-tetradecyl-4- ethylpyridinium chloride), iodine, sulfonamides, bisbiguanides (e.g., alexidine, chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine digluconate), piperidino derivatives (e.g., delmopinol, octapinol), magnolia extract, grapeseed extract, rosemary extract, menthol, geraniol, citral, eucalyptol, antibiotics (e.g., augmentin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, metronidazole, neomycin, kanamycin, clindamycin), and/or any antibacterial agents disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5776435, which is incorporated herein by reference. One or more antimicrobial agents can optionally be present at about 0.01- 10 wt% (e.g., 0.1-3 wt%), for example, in the disclosed oral care composition.

An anticalculus or tartar control agent suitable for use in an oral care composition herein includes, for example, phosphates and polyphosphates (e.g., pyrophosphates), polyaminopropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), zinc citrate trihydrate, polypeptides (e.g., polyaspartic and polyglutamic acids), polyolefin sulfonates, polyolefin phosphates, diphosphonates (e.g., azacycloalkane-2, 2-diphosphonates such as azacycloheptane-2,2- diphosphonic acid), N-methyl azacyclopentane-2,3-diphosphonic acid, 1- hydroxyethylidene-1 , 1 -diphosphonic acid (HEDP), ethane-1 -amino-1 , 1 -diphosphonate, and/or phosphonoalkane carboxylic acids and salts thereof (e.g., their alkali metal and ammonium salts). Useful inorganic phosphate and polyphosphate salts include, for example, monobasic, dibasic and tribasic sodium phosphates, sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrapolyphosphate, mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-sodium pyrophosphates, disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, or any of these in which sodium is replaced by potassium or ammonium. Other useful anticalculus agents in certain embodiments include anionic polycarboxylate polymers (e.g., polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic, and maleic anhydride such as polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers). Still other useful anticalculus agents include sequestering agents such as hydroxycarboxylic acids (e.g., citric, fumaric, malic, glutaric and oxalic acids and salts thereof) and aminopolycarboxylic acids (e.g., EDTA). One or more anticalculus or tartar control agents can optionally be present at about 0.01-50 wt% (e.g., about 0.05-25 wt% or about 0.1-15 wt%), for example, in the disclosed oral care composition.

A surfactant suitable for use in an oral care composition herein may be anionic, non-ionic, or amphoteric, for example. Suitable anionic surfactants include, without limitation, water-soluble salts of Cs-2o alkyl sulfates, sulfonated monoglycerides of Cs-2o fatty acids, sarcosinates, and taurates. Examples of anionic surfactants include sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium coconut monoglyceride sulfonate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauryl isoethionate, sodium laureth carboxylate and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate. Suitable non-ionic surfactants include, without limitation, poloxamers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, tertiary amine oxides, tertiary phosphine oxides, and dialkyl sulfoxides. Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, without limitation, derivatives of Cs-20 aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines having an anionic group such as a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate or phosphonate. An example of a suitable amphoteric surfactant is cocoamidopropyl betaine. One or more surfactants are optionally present in a total amount of about 0.01-10 wt% (e.g., about 0.05-5.0 wt% or about 0.1-2.0 wt%), for example, in the disclosed oral care composition.

An abrasive suitable for use in an oral care composition herein may include, for example, silica (e.g., silica gel, hydrated silica, precipitated silica), alumina, insoluble phosphates, calcium carbonate, and resinous abrasives (e.g., a urea-formaldehyde condensation product). Examples of insoluble phosphates useful as abrasives herein are orthophosphates, polymetaphosphates and pyrophosphates, and include dicalcium orthophosphate dihydrate, calcium pyrophosphate, beta-calcium pyrophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium polymetaphosphate and insoluble sodium polymetaphosphate. One or more abrasives are optionally present in a total amount of about 5-70 wt% (e.g., about 10-56 wt% or about 15-30 wt%), for example, in the disclosed oral care composition. The average particle size of an abrasive in certain embodiments is about 0.1-30 microns (e.g., about 1-20 microns or about 5-15 microns).

An oral care composition in certain embodiments may comprise at least one pH- modifying agent. Such agents may be selected to acidify, make more basic, or buffer the pH of a composition to a pH range of about 2-10 (e.g., pH ranging from about 2-8, 3- 9, 4-8, 5-7, 6-10, or 7-9). Examples of pH-modifying agents useful herein include, without limitation, carboxylic, phosphoric and sulfonic acids; acid salts (e.g., monosodium citrate, disodium citrate, monosodium malate); alkali metal hydroxides (e.g. sodium hydroxide, carbonates such as sodium carbonate, bicarbonates, sesquicarbonates); borates; silicates; phosphates (e.g., monosodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, pyrophosphate salts); and imidazole.

A foam modulator suitable for use in an oral care composition herein may be a polyethylene glycol (PEG), for example. High molecular weight PEGs are suitable, including those having an average molecular weight of about 200000-7000000 (e.g., about 500000-5000000 or about 1000000-2500000), for example. One or more PEGs are optionally present in a total amount of about 0.1-10 wt% (e.g. about 0.2-5.0 wt% or about 0.25-2.0 wt%), for example, in the disclosed oral care composition.

An oral care composition in certain embodiments may comprise at least one humectant. A humectant in certain embodiments may be a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin, sorbitol, xylitol, or a low molecular weight PEG. Most suitable humectants also may function as a sweetener herein. One or more humectants are optionally present in a total amount of about 1 .0-70 wt% (e.g., about 1 .0-50 wt%, about 2-25 wt%, or about 5- 15 wt%), for example, in the disclosed oral care composition.

A natural or artificial sweetener may optionally be comprised in an oral care composition herein. Examples of suitable sweeteners include dextrose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, invert sugar, mannose, xylose, ribose, fructose, levulose, galactose, corn syrup (e.g., high fructose com syrup or com syrup solids), partially hydrolyzed starch, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, isomalt, aspartame, neotame, saccharin and salts thereof, dipeptide-based intense sweeteners, and cyclamates. One or more sweeteners are optionally present in a total amount of about 0.005-5.0 wt%, for example, in the disclosed oral care composition.

A natural or artificial flavorant may optionally be comprised in an oral care composition herein. Examples of suitable flavorants include vanillin; sage; marjoram; parsley oil; spearmint oil; cinnamon oil; oil of Wintergreen (methylsalicylate); peppermint oil; clove oil; bay oil; anise oil; eucalyptus oil; citrus oils; fruit oils; essences such as those derived from lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit, apricot, banana, grape, apple, strawberry, cherry, or pineapple; bean- and nut-derived flavors such as coffee, cocoa, cola, peanut, or almond; and adsorbed and encapsulated flavorants. Also encompassed within flavorants herein are ingredients that provide fragrance and/or other sensory effect in the mouth, including cooling or warming effects. Such ingredients include, without limitation, menthol, menthyl acetate, menthyl lactate, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eucalyptol, anethole, eugenol, cassia, oxanone, Irisone®, propenyl guaiethol, thymol, linalool, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, N-ethyl-p-menthan-3-carboxamine, N,2,3- trimethyl-2-isopropylbutanamide, 3-(1 -menthoxy)-propane-1 ,2-diol, cinnamaldehyde glycerol acetal (CGA), and menthone glycerol acetal (MGA). One or more flavorants are optionally present in a total amount of about 0.01-5.0 wt% (e.g., about 0.1 -2.5 wt%), for example, in the disclosed oral care composition.

An oral care composition in certain embodiments may comprise at least one bicarbonate salt. Any orally acceptable bicarbonate can be used, including alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium or potassium bicarbonate, and ammonium bicarbonate, for example. One or more bicarbonate salts are optionally present in a total amount of about 0.1-50 wt% (e.g., about 1-20 wt%), for example, in the disclosed oral care composition.

An oral care composition in certain embodiments may comprise at least one whitening agent and/or colorant. A suitable whitening agent is a peroxide compound such as any of those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8540971 , which is incorporated herein by reference. Suitable colorants herein include pigments, dyes, lakes and agents imparting a particular luster or reflectivity such as pearling agents, for example. Specific examples of colorants useful herein include talc; mica; magnesium carbonate; calcium carbonate; magnesium silicate; magnesium aluminum silicate; silica; titanium dioxide; zinc oxide; red, yellow, brown and black iron oxides; ferric ammonium ferrocyanide; manganese violet; ultramarine; titaniated mica; and bismuth oxychloride. One or more colorants are optionally present in a total amount of about 0.001-20 wt% (e.g., about 0.01-10 wt% or about 0.1 -5.0 wt%), for example, in the disclosed oral care composition.

Additional components that can optionally be included in an oral composition herein include one or more enzymes (above), vitamins, and anti-adhesion agents, for example. Examples of vitamins useful herein include vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B5, and folic acid. Examples of suitable anti-adhesion agents include solbrol , ficin, and quorum-sensing inhibitors.

Additional examples of personal care, household care, and other products and ingredients herein can be any as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8796196, which is incorporated herein by reference. Examples of personal care, household care, and other products and ingredients herein include perfumes, fragrances, air odor-reducing agents, insect repellents and insecticides, bubble-generating agents such as surfactants, pet deodorizers, pet insecticides, pet shampoos, disinfecting agents, hard surface (e.g., floor, tub/shower, sink, toilet bowl, door handle/panel, glass/window, car/automobile exterior or interior) treatment agents (e.g., cleaning, disinfecting, and/or coating agents), wipes and other non-woven materials, colorants, preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, emollients, oils, medicaments, flavors, and suspending agents.

The present disclosure also concerns a method of treating a material. This method typically comprises contacting a material with an aqueous composition comprising at least one acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as disclosed herein. A material contacted with an aqueous composition in a contacting method herein can comprise a fabric in some aspects. A fabric herein can comprise natural fibers, synthetic fibers, semi-synthetic fibers, or any combination thereof. A semi-synthetic fiber herein is produced using naturally occurring material that has been chemically derivatized, an example of which is rayon. Non-limiting examples of fabric types herein include fabrics made of (i) cellulosic fibers such as cotton (e.g., broadcloth, canvas, chambray, chenille, chintz, corduroy, cretonne, damask, denim, flannel, gingham, jacquard, knit, matelasse, oxford, percale, poplin, plisse, sateen, seersucker, sheers, terry cloth, twill, velvet), rayon (e.g., viscose, modal, lyocell), linen, and Tencel®; (ii) proteinaceous fibers such as silk, wool and related mammalian fibers; (iii) synthetic fibers such as polyester, acrylic, nylon, and the like; (iv) long vegetable fibers from jute, flax, ramie, coir, kapok, sisal, henequen, abaca, hemp and sunn; and (v) any combination of a fabric of (i)-(iv). Fabric comprising a combination of fiber types (e.g., natural and synthetic) include those with both a cotton fiber and polyester, for example. Materials/articles containing one or more fabrics herein include, for example, clothing, curtains, drapes, upholstery, carpeting, bed linens, bath linens, tablecloths, sleeping bags, tents, car interiors, etc. Other materials comprising natural and/or synthetic fibers include, for example, non-woven fabrics, paddings, paper, and foams.

An aqueous composition that is contacted with a fabric can be, for example, a fabric care composition (e.g., laundry detergent, fabric softener). Thus, a treatment method in certain embodiments can be considered a fabric care method or laundry method if employing a fabric care composition therein. A fabric care composition herein is contemplated to effect one or more of the following fabric care benefits (i.e. , surface substantive effects): wrinkle removal, wrinkle reduction, wrinkle resistance, fabric wear reduction, fabric wear resistance, fabric pilling reduction, extended fabric life, fabric color maintenance, fabric color fading reduction, reduced dye transfer, fabric color restoration, fabric soiling reduction, fabric soil release, fabric shape retention, fabric smoothness enhancement, anti-redeposition of soil on fabric, anti-greying of laundry, improved fabric hand/handle, and/or fabric shrinkage reduction.

Examples of conditions (e.g., time, temperature, wash/rinse volumes) for conducting a fabric care method or laundry method herein are disclosed in W01997/003161 and U.S. Patent Nos. 4794661 , 4580421 and 5945394, which are incorporated herein by reference. In other examples, a material comprising fabric can be contacted with an aqueous composition herein: (i) for at least about 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, or 120 minutes; (ii) at a temperature of at least about 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95 °C (e.g., for laundry wash or rinse: a “cold” temperature of about 15-30 °C, a “warm” temperature of about 30-50 °C, a “hot” temperature of about 50-95 °C); (Hi) at a pH of about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , or 12 (e.g., pH range of about 2-12, or about 3-11); (iv) at a salt (e.g., NaCI) concentration of at least about 0.5, 1.0, 1 .5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, or 4.0 wt%; or any combination of (i)-(iv).

The contacting step in a fabric care method or laundry method can comprise any of washing, soaking, and/or rinsing steps, for example. Contacting a material or fabric in still further embodiments can be performed by any means known in the art, such as dissolving, mixing, shaking, spraying, treating, immersing, flushing, pouring on or in, combining, painting, coating, applying, affixing to, and/or communicating an effective amount of an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein with the fabric or material. In still further embodiments, contacting may be used to treat a fabric to provide a surface substantive effect. As used herein, the term “fabric hand” or “handle” refers to a person’s tactile sensory response towards fabric which may be physical, physiological, psychological, social or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the fabric hand may be measured using a PhabrOmeter® System for measuring relative hand value (available from Nu Cybertek, Inc. Davis, CA) (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists [AATCC test method “202-2012, Relative Hand Value of Textiles: Instrumental Method”]).

In some aspects of treating a material comprising fabric, an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative component of the aqueous composition can adsorb to the fabric. This feature is believed to render an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein useful as anti-redeposition agents and/or antigreying agents in fabric care compositions disclosed (in addition to their viscositymodifying and/or builder effects). An anti-redeposition agent or anti-greying agent herein helps keep soil from redepositing onto clothing in wash water after the soil has been removed. It is further contemplated that adsorption of an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein to a fabric enhances mechanical properties of the fabric in some aspects.

Adsorption of an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative to a fabric herein can be measured using a colorimetric technique (e.g., Dubois et al., 1956, Anal. Chem. 28:350-356; Zemljic et al., 2006, Lenzinger Berichte 85:68-76; both incorporated herein by reference), for example, or any other method known in the art. Other materials that can be contacted in the above treatment method include surfaces that can be treated with a dish detergent (e.g., automatic dishwashing detergent or hand dish detergent). Examples of such materials include surfaces of dishes, glasses, pots, pans, baking dishes, utensils and flatware made from ceramic material, china, metal, glass, plastic (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, melamine, etc.) and wood (collectively referred to herein as “tableware”). Thus, the treatment method in certain embodiments can be considered a dishwashing method or tableware washing method, for example. Other surfaces that can be contacted in a dishwashing method include those of internal dishwashing machine components such as of a washing chamber/compartment, piping/blades, pump(s), racks/holders, and sensors. Examples of conditions (e.g., time, temperature, wash volume) for conducting a dishwashing or tableware washing method herein are disclosed herein and in U.S. Patent No. 8575083 and U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2017/0044468, which are incorporated herein by reference. In some aspects, a tableware article can be contacted with an aqueous composition herein under a suitable set of conditions such as any of those disclosed above with regard to contacting a fabric-comprising material.

Other materials that can be contacted in the above treatment method include oral surfaces such as any soft or hard surface within the oral cavity including surfaces of the tongue, hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa, gums and dental surfaces (e.g., natural tooth or a hard surface of artificial dentition such as a crown, cap, filling, bridge, denture, or dental implant). Thus, a treatment method in certain embodiments can be considered an oral care method or dental care method, for example. Conditions (e.g., time, temperature) for contacting an oral surface with an aqueous composition herein should be suitable for the intended purpose of making such contact. Other surfaces that can be contacted in a treatment method also include a surface of the integumentary system such as skin, hair or nails.

Thus, some aspects of the present disclosure concern material (e.g., fabric, or a fiber-comprising product as disclosed herein) that comprises an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein. Such material can be produced following a material treatment method as disclosed herein, for example. A material may comprise an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative in some aspects if the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative is adsorbed to, or otherwise in contact with, the surface of the material.

Some aspects of a method of treating a material herein further comprise a drying step, in which a material is dried after being contacted with the aqueous composition. A drying step can be performed directly after the contacting step, or following one or more additional steps that might follow the contacting step (e.g., drying of fabric or tableware after being rinsed, in water for example, following a wash in an aqueous composition herein). Drying can be performed by any of several means known in the art, such as air drying (e.g., -20-25 °C), or at a temperature of at least about 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, 170, 175, 180, or 200 °C, for example. A material that has been dried herein typically has less than 3, 2, 1 , 0.5, or 0.1 wt% water comprised therein. Fabric is a preferred material for conducting an optional drying step.

An aqueous composition used in a treatment method herein can be any aqueous composition disclosed herein. Examples of aqueous compositions include detergents (e.g., laundry detergent or dish detergent), fabric softeners, and water-containing dentifrices such as toothpaste.

A hard surface that is washed or treated in a washing/treating composition comprising an anti-deposition detergent composition herein can have reduced filming, spotting, haze, or other deposition. A washing/treating composition in some aspects can be a wash liquor (grey water) to which an anti-deposition detergent composition has been added (e.g., the detergent can be provided in a concentrated form and diluted into a washing/treating composition when washing is to be performed). A washing/treating composition herein can be that used in an automatic dishwasher or a laundry machine, for example; features of such a washing/treating composition can be as disclosed herein for dishwashing and fabric care compositions. In some aspects, a washing/treating composition comprises at least one cation, and an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative is bound to the cation; this aspect can have any feature disclosed herein with respect to cation binding.

An anti-deposition detergent composition can be formulated according to any automatic dishwashing or fabric care composition as disclosed herein or in an incorporated reference, for example, and/or contain any disclosed ingredient (e.g., surfactant, enzyme, etc.), and/or be in any form disclosed herein (e.g., powder, flakes, liquid, unit dose, etc.). The amount of an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can be about, or at least about 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 4-12, 4-10, 4- 8, 5-12, 5-10, 5-8, 6-12, 6-10, or 6-8 wt%, for example. In some aspects, an antideposition detergent composition has each of the ingredients listed in Table A below; the amount (wt%) of each ingredient in such a composition can be within (plus/minus) 5%, 10%, 15%, 5-10%, or 5-15% of the respective value in Table A. Table A

Some aspects of the present disclosure concern a method of washing/cleaning or treating a hard surface. Such a washing/cleaning or treating method can comprise:

(a) contacting the hard surface with a washing/treating composition that comprises an anti-deposition detergent composition herein, and

(b) removing all of, or a portion of, the washing/treating composition from the hard surface (e.g., by rinsing with water with, or without, a rinse aid [water/liquid-removing aid] and/or added salts); thereby washing/cleaning or treating the hard surface, wherein the washed/cleaned/treated hard surface has reduced filming, spotting, haze, or other deposition. Such a method can include any condition (e.g., temperature, pH, time, salt/buffer, etc.) (e.g., those for automatic dishwashing machine) disclosed herein, for example, that are suitable for washing, treating a material/surface, and/or cation binding.

A hard surface treated by a washing/cleaning method can be any hard surface, such as a hard surface of, or that is associated/interacting with, an aqueous composition or system as disclosed herein. Examples of a hard surface comprise or consist of glass, plastic (e.g., styrene-acrylonitrile, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, melamine), ceramic, porcelain, metal (e.g., steel, stainless steel, aluminum), or stone (e.g., marble, granite); any of these surfaces can be of a piece of dishware disclosed herein, for example. A hard surface in some aspects can be a surface found within (e.g., body/housing of) an automatic dishwasher, laundry machine, or similar device, and/or an internal component thereof (e.g., piping, sprayer, nozzle, rack, agitator). In some aspects in which a washing/cleaning method is performed in an automatic dishwasher, a wash cycle can comprise the following sequential periods: (i) optionally at least one pre-wash period during which water (e.g., at -40-70, 45-70, 50- 70, or 60-70 °C) is circulated (e.g., for about 3-15, 3-10, or 3-6 minutes) to loosen food material on dishware; (ii) a main wash period during which an anti-deposition detergent composition herein (e.g., about 10-30 10-25, 10-20, 15-30, 15-25, or 15-20 g, dry weight) is added (e.g., via automatic dispenser) to water (e.g., at -40-70, 45-70, or 50- 70 °C) (e.g., about 1-2.5, 1-2, 1.5-2.5, or 1.5-2 gallons) for circulation (thereby rendering a washing composition) for a suitable amount of time (e.g., about 3-20, 3-15, 3-10, 5-20, 5-15, or 5-10 minutes); (iii) at least one rinse period during which water (e.g., at -40-70, 45-70, 50-70, or 60-70 °C) is circulated (e.g., for about 3-15, 3-10, or 3-6 minutes); and (iv) optionally a drying period. After each of periods (ii) and (iii) (and optionally after optional period [i]) of a wash cycle, the circulated liquid typically is removed, such as by pumping and/or draining.

A washing/cleaning method herein can be performed to wash dishware (e.g., using an automatic dishwasher, or manual/hand dishwashing). Dishware, for example, can be as disclosed herein or in U.S. Patent No. 8575083 or U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2017/0044468, which are incorporated herein by reference. Dishware can include, for example, plates, cups, glasses, bowls, pots, cutlery, spoons, knives, forks, serving utensils, ceramics, plastics, cutting boards, china, chinaware, glassware, tableware, utensilware, and kitchenware.

A hard surface washed by a washing/cleaning method herein has reduced filming, spotting, haze and/or other deposition. In some aspects, such reduction is by about, or at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% as compared to what would be observed with a washing/cleaning method using a detergent composition that does not have an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein; all other features of the comparative washing/cleaning method can otherwise be the same. Filming, spotting, haze, and related depositions typically contain one or more insoluble salts (e.g., carbonates such as CaCOs or MgCCh, hydroxides such as Mg(OH)₂ or Ca(OH)₂, sulfates such a CaSC ) and/or other insoluble compounds (e.g., calcium and/or magnesium salts of fatty acids such as stearate). Filming and/or spotting can optionally also be referred to as deposits of scale and/or scum (e.g., soap scum).

A rinse aid can optionally be used during or after removing a washing/treating composition from a hard surface, such as in an automatic dishwashing process herein. A rinse aid generally is intended to remove remaining water/liquid from a hard surface, and thus can optionally be referred to as a water/liquid-removing aid. In this vein, a rinse aid can improve removal, from a hard surface, of water/liquid containing any dissolved and/or dispersed compounds such as minerals and/or acrylic acid/itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative-containing complexes. A rinse aid I water/liquid-removing aid in some aspects can be as disclosed in any of U.S. Patent Nos. 6630440, 5739099, 5516452, 8685911 , 9567551 , or 11118140, which are each incorporated herein by reference. A rinse aid in some aspects can comprise an oxoalcohol (fatty alcohol alkoxylate); an example of such a rinse aid is GENAPOL EP 2564 (CAS no. 120313-48- 6).

The present disclosure also concerns a method of preparing an aqueous composition having increased builder capacity. This method comprises, for instance, contacting at least one acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as disclosed herein with an aqueous composition, wherein the builder capacity of the aqueous composition is increased by the derivative as compared to the builder capacity of the aqueous composition as it existed before the contacting step. Such a method can optionally be characterized as a water (or any other aqueous composition) softening method.

An aqueous composition in this method can be any aqueous composition as disclosed herein, for example, such as a household care product, personal care product, industrial product, pharmaceutical product, medical product, or ingestible product. Examples of suitable household care products include household care or industrial care products such as laundry detergent or fabric softener, and automatic dishwashing detergent. Examples of suitable personal care items include hair care products (e.g. shampoos, conditioners), dentifrice compositions (e.g., toothpaste, mouthwash), and skin care products (e.g., hand or body soap, lotion, cosmetics).

In some aspects, an aqueous composition in this method is a detergent and/or surfactant composition. Such a composition herein can comprise at least one detergent/surfactant ingredient, such as any of the present disclosure, at about 0.01-10 wt% (e.g., about 0.05-5.0 wt% or about 0.1 -2.0 wt%), for example. A skilled artisan would recognize all the various products disclosed herein that constitute examples of detergent/surfactant-comprising compositions such as certain household care products (e.g., laundry detergent, dishwashing detergent) and personal care products (e.g., hand/body soap, dentifrices), particularly those used in cleaning applications. Contacting an aqueous composition with one or more acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives in some aspects can increase the builder capacity of the aqueous composition. This increase can be by about, or at least about 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%, 500%, or 1000% (or any integer between 1 % and 1000%), for example, compared to the builder capacity of the aqueous composition before the contacting step. The degree of increased builder capacity achieved can be measured following any number of methods. For example, increased builder capacity effected by an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can be estimated by determining the extent to which the derivative supplies alkalinity to an aqueous composition, or buffers an aqueous composition to maintain alkalinity. As another example, increased builder capacity effected by an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein can be estimated by determining the extent to which the derivative reduces hardness in an aqueous composition (by sequestering or chelating hard water cations) and/or helps to remove soil in suspension (this feature typically applies to fabric care compositions). As other examples, increased builder capacity can be determined following methodology (e.g., calcium dispersing capacity, NTU assay, film reduction assay) disclosed in the below Examples and/or in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. Nos. 2018/0022834, 2024/0199766, or 2024/0150497, or Int. Patent Appl. Publ. Nos. WO2022/178073 or WO2022/178075, which are incorporated herein by reference. Contacting an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative herein with an aqueous composition can be done by dissolving, or dispersing, the derivative into the aqueous composition, for example.

Non-limiting examples of compositions and methods disclosed herein include: 1. A composition (product) comprising an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid- polysaccharide derivative (acrylic acid-grafted and/or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide), wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by contacting acrylic acid (acrylate) and/or itaconic acid (itaconate) with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide that has already been derivatized with an organic group) (under suitable conditions [typically including aqueous conditions] for the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid to react with and derivatize the polysaccharide/derivative), wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) up to about 3.0 with at least one group formed by the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid (i.e. , DoS up to about 3.0 with at least one acrylic acid-derived group and/or itaconic acid-derived group). 1b. A composition (product) comprising an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid- polysaccharide derivative (acrylic acid-grafted and/or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide), wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) up to about 3.0 with at least one acrylic acid-derived group and/or itaconic acid-derived group.

2. The composition of embodiment 1 or 1b, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-glucan derivative.

3. The composition of embodiment 2, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid- glucan derivative is an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-alpha-glucan derivative (e.g., wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic linkages of the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-alpha-glucan derivative are alpha-1 ,3, alpha-1 ,4, or alpha-1 ,6 linkages) (or the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-glucan derivative is an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid- beta-glucan derivative [e.g., wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic linkages of the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-beta-glucan are beta-1 ,3 linkages or beta-1 ,4 linkages]).

4. The composition of embodiment 3, wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic linkages of the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-alpha-glucan derivative are alpha-1 ,6 linkages.

5. The composition of embodiment 3 or 4, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-alpha-glucan derivative comprises at least 1 % alpha-1 ,2 and/or alpha-1 ,3 branches.

6. The composition of embodiment 3, wherein at least about 50% (or at least about 90%, or about 100%) of the glycosidic linkages of the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid- alpha-glucan derivative are alpha-1 ,3 linkages.

7. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the polysaccharide (or polysaccharide derivative) from which the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative was derived has a weight-average degree of polymerization (DPw) of at least 6 (e.g., DPw is at least ~50, -100, or -200).

8. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, wherein the DoS is at least about 0.005 (e.g., DoS is 0.005 to 1.5, 0.005 to 1.0, 0.005 to 0.5, 0.005 to 0.1 , or 0.04 to about 0.1).

9. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein: (i) the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by contacting the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide that has already be derivatized with an organic group (under suitable conditions [typically including aqueous conditions] for the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid to react with and derivatize the organic group- derivatized polysaccharide), or (ii) the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by further derivatizing an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid- polysaccharide derivative with the organic group (under suitable conditions [typically including aqueous conditions] for the organic group to react with and derivatize the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative).

10. The composition of embodiment 9, wherein the organic group is in ether linkage to the polysaccharide derivative.

11 . The composition of embodiment 9 or 10, wherein the organic group comprises a carboxyalkyl, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aryl group.

12. The composition of embodiment 9 or 10, wherein the organic group comprises a carboxymethyl group.

13. The composition of embodiment 9, wherein the organic group is in ester linkage, carbamate linkage, carbonate linkage, or sulfonyl linkage to the polysaccharide derivative.

13b. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, or 13, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-soy polysaccharide derivative or acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-alginate derivative.

13c. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, or 13b, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a biodegradability as determined by a carbon dioxide evolution test method of at least 10% after 15, 60, or 90 days.

13d. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, or 13c, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is oxidized (e.g., oxidized before or after acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid derivatization of the polysaccharide/derivative).

13e. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, 13c, or 13d, wherein (i) the group formed by the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid is in ether linkage to the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative, or (ii) the group formed by the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid is in ester linkage to the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative.

13f. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, or 13e, wherein (i) the group formed by the acrylic acid is/are a poly acrylic acid group(s) and/or polyacrylate group(s) (or salt of such polyacrylate group[s]), (ii) the group formed by the itaconic acid is/are a poly itaconic acid group(s) and/or polyitaconate group(s) (or salt of such polyitaconate group[s]), or (iii) the group formed by the acrylic acid and the itaconic acid is/are a poly acrylic acid I poly itaconic acid group(s) and/or polyacrylate/polyitaconate group(s) (or salt of such polyacrylate/polyitaconate group[s]) (the group comprises a copolymer of polyacrylate and polyitaconate), optionally wherein one or more of these groups of (i), (ii), or (iii) comprises about 2 to 200 monomeric units.

14. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, or 13f, wherein the composition is an aqueous composition.

15. The composition of embodiment 14, wherein the aqueous composition further comprises at least one cation, and the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is bound to the cation.

16. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, or 15, wherein the composition is a household care product, personal care product, industrial product, medical product, or pharmaceutical product.

17. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, or 16, wherein the composition is in the form of, or comprised in, a liquid, gel, powder, hydrocolloid, granule, tablet, capsule, bead or pastille, singlecompartment sachet, multi-compartment sachet, single-compartment pouch, multicompartment pouch, water-dispersible unit dose (e.g., a fiber-containing composition such as a non-woven or other fibrous structure, a sponge or foam, an agglomerate), or water-dissolvable unit dose (e.g., a sheet or film, a fiber-containing composition such as a non-woven or other fibrous structure, a sponge or foam, an agglomerate).

18. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, 16, or 17, further comprising at least one surfactant (i.e., the composition can optionally be considered to be a detergent composition).

19. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18, further comprising at least one enzyme.

20. The composition of embodiment 19, wherein the enzyme is a cellulase, protease, amylase, lipase, or nuclease.

21. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, further comprising at least one of a complexing agent, soil release polymer, surfactancy-boosting polymer, bleaching agent, bleach activator, bleaching catalyst, fabric conditioner, clay, foam booster, suds suppressor, anti-corrosion agent, soil-suspending agent, anti-soil re-deposition agent, dye, bactericide, tarnish inhibitor, optical brightener, perfume, saturated or unsaturated fatty acid, dye transfer-inhibiting agent, chelating agent, hueing dye, visual signaling ingredient, anti-foam, structural, thickener, anti-caking agent, starch, sand, or gelling agent.

22. The composition of embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 , wherein the composition is in the form of, or comprised in, a dishwashing detergent composition or fabric care composition.

23. A method of washing or treating a hard surface, the method comprising: (a) contacting the hard surface with a washing/treating composition that comprises the composition of embodiment 1 , 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , or 22, and (b) removing all of, or a portion of, the washing/treating composition from the hard surface; thereby washing or treating the hard surface, wherein the washed/treated hard surface has reduced filming, spotting, haze, or other deposition, optionally wherein the hard surface is that of glass, plastic, ceramic, porcelain, metal, or stone.

24. The method of embodiment 23, wherein step (b) comprises rinsing the hard surface.

25. The method of embodiment 23 and 24 wherein the hard surface is that of dishware.

26. The method of embodiment 23, 24, or 25, performed in an automatic dishwasher or a laundry machine.

27. A method of producing an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative (acrylic acid-grafted and/or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide) (e.g., as recited in embodiment 1 , 1 b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, or 13f), the method comprising: (a) contacting acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide that has already been derivatized with an organic group) (under suitable conditions [typically including aqueous conditions] for the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid to react with and derivatize the polysaccharide/derivative) thereby producing an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) up to about 3.0 with at least one group formed by the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid, and (b) optionally isolating the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid- polysaccharide derivative. EXAMPLES

The present disclosure is further exemplified in the following Examples. It should be understood that these Examples, while indicating certain aspects herein, are given by way of illustration only. From the above discussion and these Examples, one skilled in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics of the disclosed embodiments, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications to adapt the disclosed embodiments to various uses and conditions. Materials/Methods

Representative Preparation of Alpha-1 , 3-Glucan:

Alpha-1 , 3-glucan with -100% alpha-1 ,3 glycosidic linkages can be synthesized, for example, following the procedures disclosed in U.S. Appl. Publ. No. 2014/0179913 (see Example 12 therein, for example), which is incorporated herein by reference.

As another example, a slurry of alpha-1 , 3-glucan with -100% alpha-1 ,3 glycosidic linkages was prepared from an aqueous solution (0.5 L) containing Streptococcus salivarius gtfJ enzyme (100 unit/L) as described in U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. No. 2013/0244288 (incorporated herein by reference), sucrose (100 g/L), potassium phosphate buffer (10 mM), and FermaSure® antimicrobial agent (100 ppm) adjusted to pH 5.5. The resulting enzyme reaction was maintained at 20-25 °C for 24 hours. A slurry was formed since the alpha-1 , 3-glucan synthesized in the reaction was aqueous- insoluble. The alpha-1 , 3-glucan solids were then collected using a Buchner funnel fitted with a 325-mesh screen over 40-micrometer filter paper.

Representative Preparation of Alpha-1 , 6-Glucan with Alpha-1 ,2 Branching

Each alpha-1 ,2-branched alpha-1 ,6-glucan listed below comprises a 100%-alpha- 1 ,6-linked backbone upon which pendant (single) glucosyls have been linked via alpha- 1 ,2 linkages; thus, each pendant glucosyl is attached to the backbone via an alpha-1 ,2 linkage/branch-point. An example of an alpha-1 ,2-branched alpha-1 ,6-glucan herein has 40% alpha-1 ,2-branching and 60% alpha-1 ,6 linkages. In this example, 60% of all the linkages of the alpha-glucan are alpha-1 ,6 linkages that are in the backbone, while the balance of the linkages (40%) are alpha-1 ,2 linkages to pendant glucosyls along the backbone.

Methods to prepare alpha-1 , 6-glucan containing various amounts of alpha-1 ,2 branching are disclosed in U.S. Appl. Publ. No. 2018/0282385, which is incorporated herein by reference. Reaction parameters such as sucrose concentration, temperature, and pH can be adjusted to provide alpha-1 , 6-glucan having various levels of alpha-1 ,2- branching and molecular weight. A representative procedure for the preparation of alpha-1 , 2-branched alpha-1 , 6-glucan is provided below (containing 19% alpha-1 , 2- branching [i.e., 19% alpha-1 ,2 linkages] and 81 % alpha-1 ,6 linkages). The 1 D ¹H-NMR spectrum was used to quantify glycosidic linkage distribution. Additional samples of alpha-1 , 6-glucan with alpha-1 ,2-branching were prepared similarly. For example, one sample contained 32% alpha-1 , 2-branching and 68% alpha-1 ,6 linkages, and another contained 10% alpha-1 , 2-branching and 90% alpha-1 ,6 linkages.

Soluble alpha-1 , 6-glucan with about 19% alpha-1 ,2 branching was prepared using stepwise combination of glucosyltransferase (dextransucrase) GTF8117 and alpha-1 ,2 branching enzyme GTFJ18T1 , according to the following procedure. A reaction mixture (2 L) comprised of sucrose (450 g/L), GTF8117 (9.4 U/mL), and 50 mM sodium acetate was adjusted to pH 5.5 and stirred at 47 °C. Aliquots (0.2-1 mL) were withdrawn at predetermined times and quenched by heating at 90 °C for 15 minutes. The resulting heat-treated aliquots were passed through a 0.45-pm filter. The flow- through was analyzed by HPLC to determine the concentration of sucrose, glucose, fructose, leucrose, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. After 23.5 hours, the reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 30 minutes. An aliquot of the heat-treated reaction mixture was passed through a 0.45-pm filter and the flow-through was analyzed for soluble mono/disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. A major product was linear dextran (i.e., 100% alpha-1 ,6 linkages) with a DPw of 93.

A second reaction mixture was prepared by adding 238.2 g of sucrose and 210 mL of alpha-1 , 2-branching enzyme GTFJ18T1 (5.0 U/mL) to the leftover heat-treated reaction mixture that was obtained from the GTF8117 reaction described immediately above. The mixture was stirred at 30 °C with a volume of ~2.2 L. Aliquots (0.2-1 mL) were withdrawn at predetermined times and quenched by heating at 90 °C for 15 minutes. The resulting heat-treated aliquots were passed through a 0.45-pm filter. The flow-through was analyzed by HPLC to determine the concentration of sucrose, glucose, fructose, leucrose, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. After 95 hours, the reaction mixture was heated to 90 °C for 30 minutes. An aliquot of the heat-treated reaction mixture was passed through a 0.45-pm filter and the flow-through was analyzed for soluble mono/disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Leftover heat- treated mixture was centrifuged using 1-L centrifugation bottles. The supernatant was collected and cleaned more than 200-fold using an ultrafiltration system with 1- or 5-kDa MWCO cassettes and deionized water. The cleaned oligo/polysaccharide product solution was dried. Dry sample was then analyzed by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy to determine the anomeric linkages of the oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Various water-soluble alpha-1 , 2-branched alpha-1 ,6-glucans can be made following the above (or similar) enzymatic reaction strategy, for example. This type of alpha-glucan material can also be produced according to methodology disclosed in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2018/0282385, for example, which is incorporated herein by reference. Examples of different alpha-1 , 2-branched alpha-1 ,6-glucans that have been produced are listed in Table 1. In each of these alpha-glucans, the alpha-1 , 6-glucan backbone (from which there are alpha-1 ,2 branches) has 100% alpha-1 ,6 glycosidic linkages; the listed molecular weight is that of the alpha-1 , 6-glucan backbone. Each alpha-1 , 2-branch consists of a single (pendant) glucose unit.

Table 1

Alpha-1 ,2-Branched Alpha-1 ,6-Glucan

Any alpha-1 , 2-branched alpha-1 , 6-glucan as disclosed herein (e.g., Table 1) can be used as a substrate for an acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid derivatization procedure as described below, for example.

Example 1

Synthesis of Polyacrylate-Grafted Alpha-1 , 6-Glucan

Alpha-1 , 6-glucan starting material (43 kDa with 16% alpha-1 ,2 branching, 90 g) was dissolved in deionized water (210 g) overnight under stirring to obtain a syrup. The syrup (137.8 g) was added to 115.5 g of water in a jacketed reaction flask to obtain an aqueous solution. The pH of the aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 7.15 ± 0.05 for carrying out the reaction of this Example. The reaction flask, which was equipped with an agitator, was then preheated to a reaction temperature of 70 °C for about 5-10 minutes for equilibration (200 rpm agitator speed). Hydrogen peroxide (30%, 3.445 g) was then added. This preparation was stirred for 120 minutes before adding 0.539 g of potassium persulfate (KPS). The solution was stirred for another 30 minutes, after which an equimolar amount of acrylic acid (AA, 41 .340 g) and NaOH (25%, 114.729 g) was fed at a constant flow rate for 120 minutes. The NaOH was used to achieve complete neutralization of the carboxylic units of the AA. After complete feed of the AA monomers and KPS, the reaction was allowed to continue for another 30 minutes to consume any unreacted monomer in the reactor. Finally, the reaction flask was removed from the oil bath and the final product (alpha-1 , 2-branched alpha-1 , 6-glucan acrylate, which was considered to have polyacrylate groups in ether-linkage to the glucan) was then washed and recovered.

Example 2

Synthesis of Polyacrylate-Grafted Alpha-1 , 6-Glucan

Alpha-1 , 6-glucan starting material (43 kDa with 16% alpha-1 ,2 branching, 45 g) was dissolved in deionized water (105 g) overnight under stirring to obtain a syrup. The syrup (34.5 g) was added to 29.0 g of water in a reaction flask to obtain an aqueous solution. The pH of the aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 6.35 ± 0.15 for carrying out the reaction of this Example. The reaction flask, which was equipped with an agitator, was then immersed in an oil bath preheated to a reaction temperature of 90 °C under an inert atmosphere for about 5-10 minutes for equilibration (200 rpm agitator speed). Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (0.046 g) was added followed by adding citric acid (50%, 4.134 g). Hydrogen peroxide (30%, 0.861 g) was then added after 60 minutes. This preparation was stirred for 60 minutes, after which an equimolar premixed amount of 10.335 g of acrylic acid (AA) and 22.946 g of NaOH (to achieve complete neutralization of the carboxylic units of AA) was fed at a constant flow rate for 90 minutes. After complete feeding of the AA monomers, 2.067 g of 4.5% potassium persulfate (KPS) was fed to the reactor for 90 minutes. Then, the reaction was allowed to continue for another 30 minutes to consume any unreacted monomer in the reactor. Finally, the reaction flask was removed from the oil bath and the final product (alpha-1 , 2-branched alpha-1 ,6- glucan acrylate, which was considered to have polyacrylate groups in ether-linkage to the glucan) was then washed and recovered.

Example 3

Synthesis of Polyacrylate-Grafted Alpha-1 , 6-Glucan

Alpha-1 , 6-glucan starting material (43 kDa with 16% alpha-1 ,2 branching, 45 g) was dissolved in deionized water (105 g) overnight under stirring to obtain a syrup. The syrup (34.4 g) was added in a reaction flask. The pH of the aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 6.35 ± 0.15 for carrying out the reaction of this Example. The reaction flask, which was equipped with an agitator, was then immersed in an oil bath preheated to a reaction temperature of 90 °C under an inert atmosphere for about 5-10 minutes for equilibration (200 rpm agitator speed). Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (0.027 g) was added followed by adding citric acid (50%, 5.168 g). Hydrogen peroxide (5%, 10.335 g) was then fed for 60 minutes, after which 46.672 g of partially ionized AA (degree of ionization=0.90-0.95) was fed at a constant flow rate for 225 minutes. After complete feeding of the AA monomers, 5.742 g of 4.5% potassium persulfate (KPS) was fed to the reactor for 90 minutes. Then, the reaction was allowed to continue for another 30 minutes to consume any unreacted monomer in the reactor. Finally, the reaction flask was removed from the oil bath and the final product (alpha-1 ,2-branched alpha-1 , 6- glucan acrylate, which was considered to have polyacrylate groups in ether-linkage to the glucan) was then washed and recovered.

Example 4

Synthesis of Acrylic Acid/ltaconic Acid-Derivatized Alpha-1 ,6-Glucan

Alpha-1 , 6-glucan starting material (43 kDa with 16% alpha-1 ,2-branching, 45 g) was dissolved in deionized water (105 g) overnight under stirring to obtain a syrup. The syrup (34.5 g) was added to 43.0 g of water in a reaction flask to obtain an aqueous solution. The pH of the aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 6.35 ± 0.15 for carrying out the reaction of this Example. The reaction flask, which was equipped with an agitator, was then immersed in an oil bath preheated to a reaction temperature of 90 °C under an inert atmosphere for about 5-10 minutes for equilibration (200 rpm agitator speed). Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (0.046 g) was added followed by adding citric acid (50%, 4.134 g). Hydrogen peroxide (30%, 0.861 g) was then added after 60 minutes. Thereafter, 6.645 g of itaconic acid was to the reactor and left to react for 60 minutes, after which an equimolar premixed amount of 10.335 g of acrylic acid (AA) and 22.946 g of NaOH (to achieve complete neutralization of the carboxylic units of AA) was fed at a constant flow rate for 90 minutes. After complete feeding of the AA monomers, 2.698 g of 4.5% potassium persulfate (KPS) was fed for 90 minutes. Then, the reaction was allowed to continue for another 30 minutes to consume any unreacted monomer in the reactor. Finally, the reaction flask was removed from the oil bath and the final product (alpha-1 ,2- branched alpha-1 , 6-glucan acrylate itaconate, which was considered to have polyacrylate/polyitaconate copolymer groups in ether-linkage to the glucan) was then washed and recovered. Example 5

Alpha-1 , 6-Glucan Polyacrylate Derivative Can Reduce the Effect of Hard Water Cations in Aqueous Compositions

The calcium dispersion capacity of the alpha-1 , 6-glucan polyacrylate derivative prepared in Example 1 was tested using the following procedure.

Alpha-1 , 2-branched alpha-1 , 6-glucan polyacrylate derivative prepared above (20 mg) was dissolved overnight in an aqueous solution (50 mL) of 440 ppm HEDP (1- hydroxyethylidene-1 ,1-diphosphonic acid) and 1160 ppm citrate. Negative and positive control samples were also prepared having the above HEDP and citrate content, but lacking the alpha-1 , 6-glucan polyacrylate derivative. The positive control received 20 mg ACUSOL™ 588, whereas the negative control did not receive any additional compound. To 5 mL of each solution was added 2 mL of 2000 ppm citrate aqueous solution and 7 mL of buffer solution containing 1855 ppm sodium carbonate and 210 ppm sodium bicarbonate. Each preparation (14 mL) was titrated with an 8830 ppm calcium chloride solution (1 mL) at 10 pL/second over 90 seconds while stirring (600 rpm) at 55 °C. T urbidity was then measured for each sample at 75 minutes using a calibrated turbidimeter (HACH 21 OOP). This test was repeated at least once for each preparation and an average turbidity was reported in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU, Table 2). The data provided in Table 2 show that using the preparation containing alpha-1 , 6-glucan polyacrylate resulted in a lower NTU measurement compared to the negative control, thereby indicating that the polyacrylate-grafted alphaglucan better binds to calcium cations. This binding forms soluble polysaccharidecalcium complexes that can be easily removed (e.g., by rinsing), with concomitant reduction of formation of calcium carbonate (and other insoluble hard water cation salts, when applicable) that could otherwise form undesired deposits. Also, it is believed that the polyacrylate-grafted polysaccharide derivative can exhibit beneficial effects by interacting with insoluble calcium carbonate, thereby better stabilizing, dispersing, and/or preventing deposition of this salt; this benefit likewise applies to other hard water cationcarbonate salts. Thus, polysaccharide derivatives of the present disclosure can exert beneficial effects by (i) blocking/reducing hard water cation carbonate salt production, and/or (ii) interacting with any hard water cation carbonate salt that forms.

Table 2

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A composition comprising an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by contacting acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide that has already been derivatized with an organic group), wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) up to about 3.0 with at least one group formed by the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid.

2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid- polysaccharide derivative is an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-glucan derivative.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-glucan derivative is an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-alpha-glucan derivative.

4. The composition of claim 3, wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic linkages of the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-alpha-glucan derivative are alpha-1 ,6 linkages.

5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-alpha- glucan derivative comprises at least 1 % alpha-1 ,2 and/or alpha-1 ,3 branches.

6. The composition of claim 3, wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic linkages of the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-alpha-glucan derivative are alpha-1 ,3 linkages.

7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide from which the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative was derived has a weightaverage degree of polymerization (DPw) of at least 6.

8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the DoS is at least about 0.005.

9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein: (i) the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by contacting the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide that has already be derivatized with an organic group, or

(ii) the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by further derivatizing an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative with the organic group.

10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the organic group is in ether linkage to the polysaccharide derivative.

11 . The composition of claim 10, wherein the organic group comprises a carboxyalkyl, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aryl group.

12. The composition of claim 10, wherein the organic group comprises a carboxymethyl group.

13. The composition of claim 9, wherein the organic group is in ester linkage, carbamate linkage, carbonate linkage, or sulfonyl linkage to the polysaccharide derivative.

14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is an aqueous composition.

15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the aqueous composition further comprises at least one cation, and the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is bound to the cation.

16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is a household care product, personal care product, industrial product, medical product, or pharmaceutical product.

17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is in the form of, or comprised in, a liquid, gel, powder, hydrocolloid, granule, tablet, capsule, bead or pastille, single-compartment sachet, multi-compartment sachet, singlecompartment pouch, or multi-compartment pouch.

18. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one surfactant.

19. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one enzyme.

20. The composition of claim 19, wherein the enzyme is a cellulase, protease, amylase, lipase, or nuclease.

21 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a complexing agent, soil release polymer, surfactancy-boosting polymer, bleaching agent, bleach activator, bleaching catalyst, fabric conditioner, clay, foam booster, suds suppressor, anti-corrosion agent, soil-suspending agent, anti-soil re-deposition agent, dye, bactericide, tarnish inhibitor, optical brightener, perfume, saturated or unsaturated fatty acid, dye transfer-inhibiting agent, chelating agent, hueing dye, visual signaling ingredient, anti-foam, structural, thickener, anti-caking agent, starch, sand, or gelling agent.

22. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is in the form of, or comprised in, a dishwashing detergent composition.

23. A method of washing or treating a hard surface, said method comprising:

(a) contacting the hard surface with a washing/treating composition that comprises the composition of claim 1 , and

(b) removing all of, or a portion of, the washing/treating composition from the hard surface; thereby washing or treating the hard surface, wherein the washed/treated hard surface has reduced filming, spotting, haze, or other deposition, optionally wherein the hard surface is that of glass, plastic, ceramic, porcelain, metal, or stone.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein step (b) comprises rinsing the hard surface.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the hard surface is that of dishware.

26. The method of claim 23, performed in an automatic dishwasher.

27. A method of producing an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative, said method comprising:

(a) contacting acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide that has already been derivatized with an organic group), thereby producing an acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative, wherein the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) up to about 3.0 with at least one group formed by the acrylic acid and/or itaconic acid, and

(b) optionally isolating the acrylic acid- and/or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative.