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WO2024104643A1 - Use of isotianil for controlling plasmodiophora brassica - Google Patents

Use of isotianil for controlling plasmodiophora brassica Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024104643A1
WO2024104643A1 PCT/EP2023/076709 EP2023076709W WO2024104643A1 WO 2024104643 A1 WO2024104643 A1 WO 2024104643A1 EP 2023076709 W EP2023076709 W EP 2023076709W WO 2024104643 A1 WO2024104643 A1 WO 2024104643A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seeds
plant
methyl
isotianil
strain
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Ceased
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PCT/EP2023/076709
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French (fr)
Inventor
Susanne KRETSCHMANN
Michael Agostinos KLÜKEN
Andreas LÖCHEL
Friedrich Kerz-Moehlendick
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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Priority to EP23776995.5A priority Critical patent/EP4618745A1/en
Publication of WO2024104643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024104643A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/10—Seeds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/20—Brassicaceae, e.g. canola, broccoli or rucola
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P3/00—Fungicides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of the formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particluar winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, or canola.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of the formula (I) in combination with Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particular winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, or canola.
  • Isotianil is a fungicide and known from, e.g., WO 99/024413, WO 2006/098128, and WO 96/29871.
  • Isotianil derivatives are described for controlling selected fungal pathogens in plants, i.e. rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) in rice (WO 99/24413), or Black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella ftjii) in banana (WO 2010/037482.).
  • WO 2014/095826 describes fungicidal and/or indescticidal and/or bactericidal compositions comprising Isotianil and at least one further active ingredient selected from tiadinil, probenazole, isopyrazam, and propiconazole.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 has been deposited as Accession No. NRRL B-21661. Bacillus subtilis QST713, its mutants, its supernatants, and its lipopeptide metabolites, and methods for their use to control plant pathogens and insects are fully described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,060,051; 6,103,228; 6,291,426; 6,417,163 and 6,638,910. In these patents, the strain is referred to as AQ713, which is synonymous with QST713. Any references in this specification to QST713 refer to Bacillus subtilis QST713.
  • Bacillus subtilis QST713 e.g., Bacillus subtilis AQ30002 and AQ30004, deposited as Accession Numbers NRRL B-50421 and NRRL B-50455
  • Bacillus subtilis QST713 e.g., Bacillus subtilis AQ30002 and AQ30004, deposited as Accession Numbers NRRL B-50421 and NRRL B-50455
  • NRRL B-50421 deposited as Accession Numbers NRRL B-50421 and NRRL B-50455
  • subtilis 168 are 85% or greater identical to proteins in QST713.
  • a pesticidal product based on B. subtilis strain FZB24 which is as closely related to QST713 as FZB42, is classified in documents of the U.S. EPA as B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens . Due to these complexities in nomenclature, this particular Bacillus species is variously designated, depending on the document, as B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. subtilis var.
  • SERENADE® ASO (Aqueous Suspension-Organic) contains 1.34% of dried QST713 as an active ingredient and 98.66% of other ingredients. SERENADE® ASO is formulated to contain a minimum of 1 x 10 9 cfu/g of QST713 while the maximum amount of QST713 has been determined to be 3.3 x IO 10 cfu/g. Alternate commercial names for SERENADE® ASO include SERENADE BIOFUNGICIDE®, SERENADE SOIL® and SERENADE® GARDEN DISEASE. For further information, see the U.S. EPA Master Labels for SERENADE® ASO dated January 4, 2010 and SERENADE SOIL®, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • SERENADE® MAX contains 14.6% of dried QST713 as an active ingredient and 85.4% of other ingredients. SERENADE® MAX is formulated to contain a minimum of 7.3 x 109 cfu/g of QST713 while the maximum amount of QST713 has been determined to be 7.9 x 1010 cfu/g. For further information, see the U.S. EPA Master Label for SERENADE® MAX, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • SERENADE® OPTIMUM (or OPTI) contains 26.2% of dried QST713 as an active ingredient and 73.8% of other ingredients.
  • SERENADE® OPTIMUM (or OPTI) is formulated to contain a minimum of 1.31 x 1010 cfu/g of QST713.
  • U.S. EPA Master Label for SERENADE® OPTIMUM (or OPTI), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • QST713 Other products containing QST713 are available as MINUETTM or SUSTEED® from Bayer CropScience LP, US.
  • Clubroot is a plant disease caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae (https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/41865 (Accessed on 06.12.2021, 1:22 pm)). It is a unicellular protist of the Rhizaria group (Nikolaev SI, Berney C, Fahrni JF, Bolivar I, Polet S, Mylnikov AP, Aleshin W, Petrov NB, Pawlowski J: The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes.
  • oilseed rape is planted in a short crop rotation on 70% of the fields (Nazanin Zamani- Noor et al.: Overview of the clubroot incidence and variation in the pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae populations in Europe. Integrated Control in Oilseed Crops IOBC-WPRS Bulletin Vol. 136 (2016)), which could increase the number and severity of clubroot incidents.
  • 124 new oilseed rape fields affected by clubroot were discovered between 2013 and 2017 (Zamani-Noor, N.: Effects of calcium cyanamide, burnt lime and cultivar resistance on suppression of clubroot disease in oilseed rape cultivation.
  • Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient are particularly suitable for controlling clubroot in plants of the Brassica family.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants selected from Brassica napus.
  • the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the plant is canola.
  • the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the plant is a canola hybrid.
  • Isotianil is used in combination with QST713.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of applying Isotianil to a plant, plant parts, or to the soil in which plants in need of treatment grow, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a plant selected from Brassica napus.
  • Isotianil is applied to seeds or fruits of the plants in need of treatment.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, and spring oilseed rape.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from canola.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from canola hybrids.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica napus plant or a plant part of a Brassica napus plant with Isotianil.
  • seeds or fruits of a Brassica napus plant are treated with Isotianil.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from canola.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from canola hybrids.
  • Brassica napus plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants may be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation.
  • Yield may furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance.
  • Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content and composition for example cotton or starch, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of applying Isotianil and/or a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress, to a plant, plant parts, seeds, fruits or to the soil in which plants in need of treatment grow, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a Brassicacea napus plant.
  • Isotianil and/or a combination of Isotianil and the one or more further active ingredients is applied to seeds or fruits of the plants in need of treatment.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from canola hybrids.
  • Isotianil is applied in combination with QST713, preferably to the seeds or fruits. This includes the application of Isotianil in combination with QST713 in a single step, as well as applying Isotianil and QST713 in two separate steps.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassiccie comprising the step of treating a Brassica napus plant or plant part of a Brassica napus plant with a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
  • seeds or fruits of a Brassica napus plant are treated with a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from canola hybrids.
  • Isotianil is used in combination with QST713, preferably on the seeds or fruits. This includes the use of Isotianil in combination with QST713 in a single step, as well as applying Isotianil and QST713 in two separate steps.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica napus plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
  • Isotianil is used in combination with QST713. This includes the use of Isotianil in combination with QST713 in a single step, as well as applying Isotianil and QST713 in two separate steps.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the seeds are canola seeds.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids. In another embodiment, the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
  • the seeds are treated with Isotianil at a dose range from O.lg/dt seeds to lOOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds, even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica napus plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
  • Isotianil is used in combination with QST713. This includes the use of Isotianil in combination with QST713 in a single step, as well as applying Isotianil and QST713 in two separate steps.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the seeds are canola seeds.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
  • the seeds are treated with Isotianil at a dose range from O.lg/dt seeds to lOOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds , even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds.
  • the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil, wherein the seeds are seeds of Brassica napus.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape. In another embodiment, the seeds are canola seeds.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
  • the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil and QST713, wherein the seeds are seed of Brassica napus.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the seeds are canola seeds.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particluar canola, cabbage, mustard and radish.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of applying Isotianil to a plant, plant parts, preferably to seeds or fruits, or to the soil in which plants in need of treatment grow, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a Brassicacae plant, more preferably the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard and radish, more preferably oilseed rape.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or a plant part of a Brassica plant, preferably seeds or fruits of a Brassica plant, with Isotianil, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard and radish, more preferably oilseed rape.
  • Brassica plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants may be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation.
  • Yield may furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance.
  • Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content and composition for example cotton or starch, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of applying Isotianil and/or a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress, to a plant, plant parts, seeds, fruits or to the soil in which plants in need of treatment grow, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a Brassicaceae plant, more preferably the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard and radish, more preferably oilseed rape.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or plant part of a Brassica plant, preferably seeds or fruits of a Brassica plant, with a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a Brassica plant selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard and radish, more preferably oilseed rape.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
  • the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil, wherein the seeds are seed of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola, winter oilseed rape or spring oilseed rape.
  • the present invention relates the use of Isotianil of formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from the group consisting of Brassicaceae sp.: Brassica carinata'. Abyssinian mustard or Abyssinian cabbage; Brassica elongata'. elongated mustard; Brassica fruticulosa. Mediterranean cabbage; Brassica juncea. Indian mustard, brown and leaf mustards, Sarepta mustard; Brassica napus comprising winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, rutabaga (Brassica napus subsp rapifera swede/Swedish tumip/swede turnip); Brassica narinosa'.
  • Brassicaceae sp. Brassica carinata'. Abyssinian mustard or Abyssinian cabbage
  • Brassica elongata' elongated mustard
  • Brassica fruticulosa Mediterranean cabbage
  • Brassica juncea
  • Brassica nigra' black mustard
  • Brassica oleracea comprising cultivars like kale, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kai-lan, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi
  • Brassica rapa (syn B. campe stris) comprising Chinese cabbage, turnip, rapini, komatsuna, mizuna; Brassica rupestris'. brown mustard; Brassica septiceps'. seventop turnip; Brassica toumefortii'. Asian mustard
  • Brassica alba (syn Sinapis alba, white mustard); Armoracia rusticana. horseradish; Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis, Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus'. radish; and Canola varieties.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from the group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, and canola.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from Brassica napus.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is canola.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is a canola hybrid.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassiccie comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or a plant part of a Brassica plant with Isotianil.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora hrassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or plant part of a Brassica plant with combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora hrassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
  • the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the Brassica plant is selected from the group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, and canola.
  • the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the Brassica plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the seeds are canola seeds.
  • the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
  • the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the seeds are treated with Isotianil at a dose range from 0. Ig/dt seeds to 1 OOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds , even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
  • the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil, wherein the seeds are seeds of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola, winter oilseed rape or spring oilseed rape.
  • Resistance is the ability of a plant variety to restrict the growth and development of a specified pest or pathogen and/or the damage they cause when compared to susceptible plant varieties under similar environmental conditions and pest or pathogen pressure. Resistant varieties may exhibit some disease symptoms or damage under heavy pest or pathogen pressure.
  • High resistance plant varieties that highly restrict the growth and development of the specified pest or pathogen under normal pest or pathogen pressure when compared to susceptible varieties. These plant varieties may, however, exhibit some symptoms or damage under heavy pest or pathogen pressure.
  • Intermediate resistance plant varieties that restrict the growth and development of the specified pest or pathogen, but may exhibit a greater range of symptoms or damage compared to highly resistant varieties. Intermediate resistant plant varieties will still show less severe symptoms or damage than susceptible plant varieties when grown under similar environmental conditions and/or pest or pathogen pressure.
  • Plants mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants).
  • Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the genetically modified plants (GMO or transgenic plants) and the plant cultivars which are protectable and non-protectable by plant breeders’ rights.
  • Plant cultivars are understood to mean plants which have new properties ("traits”) and have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.
  • Plant parts are understood to mean all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes.
  • the plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seeds.
  • crop species, cultivars and varieties belonging to the plant genus Brassica which may be treated in accordance with the methods of the invention include the following Brassicaceae sp.: Brassica carinata: Abyssinian mustard or Abyssinian cabbage; Brassica elongata. elongated mustard; Brassica fruticulosa: Mediterranean cabbage; Brassica juncea.
  • Brassica napus comprising winter rapeseed, also known as winter oilseed rape, spring rapeseed, also known as spring oilseed rape, rutabaga (Brassica napus subsp rapifera swede/Swedish tumip/swede turnip); Brassica narinosa: broadbeaked mustard; Brassica nigra black mustard; Brassica oleracea comprising cultivars like kale, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kai-lan, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi; Brassica perviridis: tender green, mustard spinach; Brassica rapa (syn B.
  • campe st ris comprising Chinese cabbage, turnip, rapini, komatsuna, mizuna; Brassica rupestris: brown mustard; Brassica septiceps: seventop turnip; Brassica toumefortii'. Asian mustard; Brassica alba (syn Sinapis alba, white mustard); Armoracia rusticana: horseradish; Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis,Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus: radish; and Canola varieties.
  • an oilseed plant must meet the following internationally regulated standard: "Seeds of the genus Brassica (Brassica napus, Brassica rapa or Brassica juncea) from which the oil shall contain less than 2% erucic acid in its fatty acid profile and the solid component shall contain less than 30 micromoles of any one or any mixture of 3-butenyl glucosinolate, 4-pentenyl glucosinolate, 2-hydroxy-3 butenyl glucosinolate, and 2-hydroxy- 4-pentenyl glucosinolate per gram of air-dry, oil-free solid.”
  • oilseed rape is understood to include Brassica napus, canola, winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • Preferred Brassica plants are oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus), Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea. More preferred Brassica plants according to the present invention are oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus), more preferred winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape and canola plants (Brassica napus).
  • the Brassica napus, or Brassica juncea plants, or cultivars are also understood to be hybrids.
  • spring oilseed rapes are also understood to be hybrids.
  • winter oilseed rapes or canola particularly hybrids of winter oildseed rape, spring oilseed rape and canola, especially Canola hybrids.
  • These hybrids may have in addition new properties ("traits"), which may have been obtained by conventional biological methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion.
  • transgenic plants and plant cultivars of Brassica are obtained by genetic engineering, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms).
  • Particularly useful transgenic Brassica plants are plants containing transformation events, or a combination of transformation events, and that are listed for example in the databases for various national or regional regulatory agencies including Event BLR1 (oilseed rape, restoration of male sterility, deposited as NCIMB 41193, described in WO 2005/074671), Event M0N88302 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-10955, described in WO 2011/153186), Event MS 11 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-850 or PTA- 2485, described in WO 01/031042); Event MS8 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in WO 01/041558 or US-A 2003- 188347); Event RF3 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in WO 01/041558 or US-
  • the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola.
  • the Brassica is Brassica napus.
  • the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrid, spring oilseed rape hybrid, and canola hybrid.
  • the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrid and spring oilseed rape hybrid.
  • the Brassica is spring oilseed rape.
  • the Brassica is winter oilseed rape.
  • the Brassica is spring oilseed rape hybrid.
  • the Brassica is winter oilseed rape hybrid.
  • the Brassica is Canola.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is herbicide-resistant.
  • the Brassica is a herbicide-resistant Canola hybrid, wherein the herbicide-resistant canola hybrid is selected from the group consisting of a canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glyphosate, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glufosinate, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of sulfonylureas, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of imidazolinones, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of pyrimidines, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glyphosate.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glufosinate.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of sulfonylureas.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of imidazolinones.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of pyrimidines.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide 3,6-dichloro-2- methoxybenzoic acid (Dicamba).
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid selected from the group consisting of Invigor L140P (Bayer CropScience), L160S (Bayer CropScience), L252 (Bayer CropScience), L261 (Bayer CropScience), L120 (Bayer CropScience), L130 (Bayer CropScience), L135C (Bayer CropScience), 5440 (Bayer CropScience), L156H (Bayer CropScience), L150 (Bayer CropScience), L154 (Bayer CropScience), L159 (Bayer CropScience), 45H31 (Pioneer), 43E01 (Pioneer), 43E02 (Pioneer), 43E03 (Pioneer), 45S56 (Pioneer), 45S54 (Pioneer), 45S52 (Pioneer), 45S53 (Pioneer), 45H33 (Pioneer), 45H29 (Pioneer), 45H76 (Pioneer), 46H75 (Pi).
  • the Canola Hybrids InVigor L252, L261, L160S and L140P are registered varieties under the Canadian Seeds Act with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency as Canola, Brassica napus L., Spring hybrid under the respective names L252, L261, L160S and L140P.
  • the list of registered variety is published online on the homepage of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency under the subsection “Registered Varieties and Notifications”. They are commercially available at the time of filing.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant or intermediately resistant to clubroot.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid selected from the group consisting of 6076 CR** (Brett Young), 6090 RR (Brett Young), 4187 RR (previously SY 4187) (Brett Young), CS2000 (Canterra), CS2600 CR-T (Canterra), 75-42 CR (DeKalb (Bayer)), DKTF 94 CR (DeKalb (Bayer)), InVigor L241C (BASF), InVigor L241C (BASF), InVigor L234PC** (BASF), InVigor L255PC (BASF), InVigor L258HPC (BASF), 45CS40 (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 45CM36** (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 45H37 (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 45CM39** (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)
  • Isotianil can therefore be employed for protecting oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard or radish against attack or delaying the attack/symptoms by the above-mentioned pathogens within a certain post-treatment period.
  • the period within which protection is afforded generally extends from 1 to 48 days, preferably 1 to 35 days, after the treatment of the plants with the active ingredient(s).
  • the accessibility of the active ingredient(s) to the plant can be controlled in a targeted manner.
  • the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive effects.
  • the following effects are possible, which extend beyond the effects which are actually to be expected: reduced application rates and/or a widened spectrum of action and/or an increased efficacy of the active ingredient(s) and compositions which can be employed in accordance with the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, improved flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher yields, larger fruit, greater plant height, more intensive green colour of the leaf, earlier flowering, better quality and/or higher nutritional value of the harvested crops, higher sugar concentration in the fruits, better storability and/or processability of the harvested crops.
  • Isotianil can also exert a strengthening effect on plants. They are therefore suitable for mobilizing the plant defence system against attack by microbial and animal pathogens. This may be one of the reasons for the increased efficacy of the combinations according to the invention, for example against fungi.
  • Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances in the present context are also to be understood as meaning those substances or substance combinations which are capable of stimulating the plant defence system such that the treated plants, when subsequently inoculated with microbial and animal pathogens, have a considerable degree of resistance to these microbial and animal pathogens.
  • the substances according to the invention can therefore be employed for protecting plants against attack by the abovementioned pathogens within a certain post-treatment period.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants selected from Brassica napus, in particular winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil (1ST) of formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particluar oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard or radish.
  • the plant or plant part is selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard or radish.
  • the plant or plant part is oilseed rape.
  • Isotianil of formula (I) and the composition of the invention may also be used to protect seeds from Plasmodiophora brassicae.
  • seed(s) as used herein includes dormant seeds, primed seeds, pregerminated seeds and seeds with emerged roots and leaves.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae which comprises the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant, wherein the Brassica plant is selected in accordance with the embodiments for the uses and methods as cited above.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae which comprises the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae which comprises the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress, wherein the Brassica plant is selected in accordance with the embodiments for the uses and methods as cited above.
  • the treatment of seeds with Isotianil or the composition of the invention protects the seeds from Plasmodiophora brassicae, but also protects the germinating seeds, the emerging seedlings and the plants after emergence from the treated seeds from Plasmodiophora brassicae. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds, germinating seeds and emerging seedlings.
  • the seed treatments may be performed prior to sowing, at the time of sowing or thereafter.
  • the seed treatment may be performed as follows: the seeds may be placed into a mixer with a desired amount of Isotianil or the composition of the invention, the seeds and Isotianil or the composition of the invention are mixed until a homogeneous distribution on the surface of seeds is achieved. If appropriate, the seeds may then be dried. If desired, the seeds may be pelleted by, for example, adding inert materials to the seed’s surface to adapt its weight, size, shape and/or other properties to the desired characteristics. Then Isotianil or the composition of the invention are applied on the pelleted seeds.
  • the invention also relates to seeds coated with Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
  • such seeds are seeds of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola, preferably seeds of canola, winter oilseed rape or spring oilseed rape.
  • the seeds are treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable for no damage to occur in the course of treatment. In general, seeds can be treated at any time between harvest and after sowing.
  • seeds which have been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits For example, it is possible to use seeds which have been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seeds which, after drying, for example, have been treated with water and then dried again, or seeds just after priming, or seeds stored in primed conditions or pre-germinated seeds, or seeds sown on nursery trays, tapes or paper.
  • the amount of Isotianil or the composition of the invention applied to the seeds is typically such that the germination of the seed is not impaired, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be ensured particularly in case Isotianil would exhibit phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.
  • the intrinsic phenotypes of transgenic plants should also be taken into consideration when determining the amount of Isotianil to be applied to the seed in order to achieve optimum seed and germinating plant protection with a minimum amount of compound being employed.
  • Isotianil can be applied as such, directly to seeds, i.e. without the use of any other components and without having been diluted. Also the composition of the invention can be applied to seeds.
  • Isotianil and the composition of the invention are suitable for protecting seeds of the Brassica family.
  • Preferred seeds are that of oilseed rape.
  • the treatment according to the invention especially of Brassica plants and/or plant parts, in particular oilseed rape, cabbage, radish and mustard plants and plant parts and of the propagation material with Isotianil is carried out directly or by acting on their environment, habitat or store by the customary treatment methods, for example by drip, spraying, atomizing, nebulizing, scattering, painting on, injecting.
  • Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress is used for application for the treatment of vegetative propagation material, such as seeds (seed treatment).
  • Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress is/are applied as a seed treatment to seeds.
  • a more preferred embodiment of the instant invention is the use and the methods cited above, wherein the method of use is a seed treatment and the range of Isotianil is within the range of from O.lg/dt seeds to lOOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds , even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the instant invention is the use and the methods cited above, wherein the method of use is by foliar spray application is within the range of from Ig/ha to 900g/ha such as 50g/hato 800g/ha, or 200g/hato 500g/ha Isotianil.
  • Isotianil can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, sachets, aerosols, microencapsulations in polymeric substances, and ULV cold- and hot-fogging formulations.
  • formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing Isotianil with extenders, that is to say liquid solvents, pressurized liquefied gases and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam formers. If water is used as the extender, it is possible for example also to use organic solvents as cosolvents.
  • Liquid solvents which are suitable in the main are: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, alcohols such as butanol or glycol, and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulphoxide, and water, and also mineral, animal and vegetable oils such as, for example, palm oil or other plant seed oils.
  • aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes
  • chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlor
  • Liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are understood as meaning those liquids which are gaseous at normal temperature and under normal pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons and butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • Suitable solid carriers are: for example ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals such as highly disperse silica, alumina and silicates.
  • Suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, pumice, marble, sepiolite, dolomite, and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks.
  • Emulsifiers and/or foam formers which are suitable are: for example nonionic, cationic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates, and protein hydrolysates.
  • Suitable dispersants are: for example, lignosulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
  • Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids, may be used in the formulations. Further additives may be mineral and vegetable oils.
  • colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • inorganic pigments for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian Blue
  • organic dyestuffs such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs
  • trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • the formulations contain between 5 and 95% by weight of active ingredient, preferably between 10 and 70% by weight of active ingredient, more preferred between 15 and 30% by weight of active ingredient, and most preferred 20% by weight of active ingredient.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the compositions according to the invention for the treatment of vegetative propagation material for protecting the vegetative propagation material and the germinating plant from microbial and animal pathogens.
  • the compounds which can be used in accordance with the invention and which are selected from among compounds according to formula (I) can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams and ULV formulations.
  • formulations are prepared in the known manner by mixing the compounds selected from among the compounds of the formula (I) with customary additives, such as, for example, customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetters, dispersants, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins, mineral and vegetable oils, and also water.
  • customary additives such as, for example, customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetters, dispersants, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins, mineral and vegetable oils, and also water.
  • Colorants which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all colorants which are customary for such purposes. In this context, both pigments, which are sparingly soluble in water, and dyes, which are soluble in water, may be used. Examples which may be mentioned are the colorants known by the names Rhodamin B, C.I. Pigment Red 112 and C.I. Solvent Red 1.
  • Weters which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all substances which are customary for formulating agrochemical active ingredients and which promote wetting. Alkylnaphthalenesulphonates, such as diisopropyl- or diisobutylnaphthalenesulphonates, may preferably be used.
  • Suitable dispersants and/or emulsifiers which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants which are conventionally used for the formulation of agrochemical active ingredients. The following may be used by preference: nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants.
  • Suitable nonionic dispersants which may be mentioned are, in particular, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristyrylphenol polyglycol ethers and their phosphated or sulphated derivatives.
  • Suitable anionic dispersants are, in particular, lignosulphonates, salts of polyacrylic acid, and arylsulphonate/formaldehyde condensates.
  • Antifoams which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all foam-inhibitor substances which are conventionally used for the formulation of agrochemical active ingredients. Silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate may be used by preference.
  • Preservatives which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all substances which can be employed for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples which may be mentioned are dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.
  • Secondary thickeners which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all substances which can be employed for such purposes in agrochemical compositions.
  • Cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and highly disperse silica are preferably suitable.
  • Adhesives which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all customary binders which can be used in mordants.
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose may be mentioned by preference.
  • Gibberellins which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are preferably Gibberellin Al, Gibberellin A3 (gibberellic acid), Gibberellin A4, Gibberellin A7. Especially preferred is gibberellic acid.
  • the compound according to formula (I), Isotianil can be employed as such or, in formulations, also in a combination with known fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, biological control agents. Mixtures with fertilizers, growth regulators, safeners, nitrification inhibitors, semiochemicals and/or other agriculturally beneficial agents are also possible. This may allow to broaden the activity spectrum or to prevent development of resistance.
  • the active compounds identified here by their common names are known and are described, for example, in the pesticide handbook (“The Pesticide Manual” 17th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2015) or can be found on the Internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).
  • fungicides which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
  • Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis for example (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenbuconazole, (1.005) fenhexamid, (1.006) fenpropidin, (1.007) fenpropimorph, (1.008) fenpyrazamine, (1.009) Fluoxytioconazole, (1.010) fluquinconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.012) hexaconazole, (1.013) imazalil, (1.014) imazalil sulfate, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.020) paclobutrazol, (1.021) penconazole, (1.022) prochloraz,
  • Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II for example (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen,
  • Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III for example (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) fenpicoxamid, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.013) flufenoxystrobin, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.015) kresoxim-methyl, (3.016) mandestrobin, (3.017) metarylpicoxamid, (3.018) metominostrobin, (3.019) metyltetraprole, (3.020) orysastrobin, (3.021) picoxystrobin, (3.022) pyraclostrobin, (3.021) pic
  • Inhibitors ofthe mitosis and cell division for example (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) fluopimomide, (4.006) metrafenone, (4.007) pencycuron, (4.008) pyridachlometyl, (4.009) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (4.010) thiabendazole, (4.011) thiophanate-methyl, (4.012) zoxamide, (4.013) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.014)
  • Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis for example (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil
  • Inhibitors of the ATP production for example (8.001) silthiofam.
  • Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis for example (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4- tert-butylphenyl)-3 -(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)- 1 -(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en- 1 -one.
  • Inhibitors of the lipid synthesis ortransport, ormembrane synthesis for example (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (10.004) propamocarb, (10.005) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.006) propamocarb-fosetylate, (10.007) tolclofos-methyl, (10.008) l-(4- ⁇ 4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difhrorophenyl)- 4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl ⁇ piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol- 1-yl] ethanone, (10.009) l-(4- ⁇ 4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difhiorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-methyl
  • Inhibitors of the melanin biosynthesis for example (11.001) tolprocarb, (11.002) tricyclazole.
  • Inhibitors ofthe nucleic acid synthesis for example (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam).
  • Inhibitors of the signal transduction for example (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may also be combined with one or more biological control agents.
  • biological control is defined as control of harmful organisms such as phytopathogenic fungi and/or insects and/or acarids and/or nematodes by the use or employment of a biological control agent.
  • biological control agent is defined as an organism other than the harmful organisms and / or proteins or secondary metabolites produced by such an organism for the purpose of biological control. Mutants of the second organism shall be included within the definition of the biological control agent.
  • mutant refers to a variant of the parental strain as well as methods for obtaining a mutant or variant in which the pesticidal activity is greater than that expressed by the parental strain.
  • the ’’parent strain“ is defined herein as the original strain before mutagenesis.
  • the parental strain may be treated with a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Known mechanisms of biological control agents comprise enteric bacteria that control root rot by out-competing fungi for space on the surface of the root.
  • Bacterial toxins, such as antibiotics have been used to control pathogens.
  • the toxin can be isolated and applied directly to the plant or the bacterial species may be administered so it produces the toxin in situ.
  • a ’’variant is a strain having all the identifying characteristics of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers as indicated in this text and can be identified as having a genome that hybridizes under conditions of high stringency to the genome of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers.
  • Hybridization refers to a reaction in which one or more polynucleotides react to form a complex that is stabilized via hydrogen bonding between the bases of the nucleotide residues.
  • the hydrogen bonding may occur by Watson-Crick base pairing, Hoogstein binding, or in any other sequence-specific manner.
  • the complex may comprise two strands forming a duplex structure, three or more strands forming a multistranded complex, a single self-hybridizing strand, or any combination of these.
  • Hybridization reactions can be performed under conditions of different “stringency”. In general, a low stringency hybridization reaction is carried out at about 40 °C in 10 X SSC or a solution of equivalent ionic strength/temperature. A moderate stringency hybridization is typically performed at about 50 °C in 6 X SSC, and a high stringency hybridization reaction is generally performed at about 60 °C in 1 X SSC.
  • a variant of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number may also be defined as a strain having a genomic sequence that is greater than 85%, more preferably greater than 90% or more preferably greater than 95% sequence identity to the genome of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number.
  • a polynucleotide or polynucleotide region (or a polypeptide or polypeptide region) has a certain percentage (for example, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%) of “sequence identity” to another sequence means that, when aligned, that percentage of bases (or amino acids) are the same in comparing the two sequences. This alignment and the percent homology or sequence identity can be determined using software programs known in the art, for example, those described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (F. M. Ausubel et al., eds., 1987).
  • NRRL is the abbreviation for the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North university Street, Peroira, Illinois 61604 USA.
  • ATCC is the abbreviation for the American Type Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address ATCC Patent Depository, 10801 University Boulevard., Manassas, VA 10110 USA.
  • biological control agents which may be combined with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
  • Antibacterial agents selected from the group of:
  • (Al) bacteria such as (A1.01) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE® OPTI, SERENADE® ASO or MINUETTM from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661, U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (A1.02) Bacillus sp., in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKEL® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), having Accession No. FERM BP-8234, U.S. Patent No. 7,094,592; (A1.03) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (A 1.07) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (Al.08) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (Al.09) Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g.
  • Pseudomonas proradix e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena
  • Pantoea agglomerans in particular strain E325 (Accession No. NRRL B-21856) (available as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICALTM FD BIOPESTICIDE from Northwest Agri Products); and
  • (A2) fungi such as (A2.01) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941 ormixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR® and BLOSSOM PROTECT®from bio-ferm, CH); (A2.02) Pseudozyma aphidis (as disclosed in WO2011/151819 by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem); (A2.03) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strains CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. I- 3937, CNCM No. 1-3938 or CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR;
  • Aureobasidium pullulans in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941 ormixtures
  • (Bl) bacteria for example (Bl.01) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (Bl.02) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having Accession No. NRRL B- 30087 and described in U.S. Patent No.
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain GB34 (available as Yield Shield® from Bayer AG, DE);
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain D747 (available as Double NickelTM from from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., having accession number FERM BP-8234, US Patent No.
  • Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.07) Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600 (available as SUBTILEX from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061,495; (B1.08) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as Kodiak® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.09) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No.
  • DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5)); (B1.10) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J , having Accession No. B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI® or WG and LifeGardTM from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); (BL 11) Bacillus licheniformis, in particular strain SB3086 , having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003/000051 (available as ECOGUARD® Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAFTM from Novozymes); (Bl.12) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE);
  • Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.;
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 also known as strain MBH 10) (NRRL Accession No.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No. DSM 23117 (available as RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE); (B 1.17) Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (Bl.18) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No.
  • NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (Bl.19) Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp. plantarum (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B1.20) Paenibacillus epiphyticus (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (Bl.21) Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, having Accession No.
  • NRRL B-50897, WO 2017/019448 e.g., HOWLERTM and ZIO® from AgBiome Innovations, US
  • Pseudomonas chlororaphis in particular strain MA342 (e.g. CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® by Bioagri and Koppert)
  • Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US
  • ACTINO-IRON® and ACTINOVATE® from Novozymes B1.24)
  • Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 e.g.
  • (B2) fungi for example: (B2.01) Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660; e.g. Contans ® from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (B2.02) Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752; (f3TQ3>) Microsphaeropsis ochracea,' (B2.04) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SCI (having Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009/116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431,120 (from Bi-PA)), strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol) or strain LU132 (e.g.
  • Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert
  • strain Cepa Simb-T5 from Simbiose Agro
  • Gliocladium roseum also known as Clonostachys rosea f. rosea
  • strain 321U from Adjuvants Plus
  • strain ACM941 as disclosed in Xue (Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root tot complex of field pea, Can Jour Plant Sci 83(3): 519-524), or strain IK726 (Jensen DF, et al.
  • Trichoderma atroviride Trichoderma atroviride, strain ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040); (B2.17) Trichoderma atroviride, strain Ti l (IMI352941/ CECT20498); (B2.18) Trichoderma harmaturrr, (B2.19) Trichoderma harzianum,' (B2.20) Trichoderma harzianum rifai T39 (e.g. Trichodex® from Makhteshim, US); (B2.21) Trichoderma asperellum, in particular, strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (B2.22) Trichoderma harzianum, strain ITEM 908 (e.g.
  • Trianum-P Trianum-P from Koppert
  • B2.23 Trichoderma harzianum, strain TH35 (e.g. Root-Pro by Mycontrol);
  • Trichoderma virens also known as Gliocladium Virens' , in particular strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard by Certis, US);
  • B2.25 Trichoderma viride, strain TVl(e.g. Trianum-P by Koppert);
  • Ampelomyces quisqualis in particular strain AQ 10 (e.g.
  • NM 99/06216 e.g., BOTRY- ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.f (B2.43) Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae).
  • strain WCS850 having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® by Tree Care Innovations); (B2.44) Verticillium chlamydosporiurm, (B2.45) mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No.
  • CABI CC IMI 392716 and Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080 having Accession No. IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAMTM from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V .); (B2.46) Trichoderma asperelloides IM41R (Accession No. NRRL B-50759) (TRICHO PLUS® from BASF SE); (B2.47) Aspergillus lavus strain NRRL 21882 (products known as AFLA-GU ARD® from Syngenta/ChemChina); (B2.48) Chaetomium cupreum (Accession No.
  • IMI 392151 e.g., BIO-TAMTM from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V .
  • B2.46 Trichoderma asperelloides IM41R (Accession No.
  • CABI 353812 (e.g. BIOKUPRUMTM by AgriLife); (B2.49) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strain LASO2 (from Agro-Levures et Derives), strain LAS 117 cell walls (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre; ROMEO® from BASF SE), strains CNCM No. I- 3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938, CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR; (B2.50) Trichoderma virens strain G-41, formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No.
  • ATCC 20906 (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US); (B2.51) Trichoderma hamatum, having Accession No. ATCC 28012; (B2.52) Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10, having Accession No.
  • CNCM I-807 e.g., AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia
  • Penicillium steckii DM 27859; WO 2015/067800) from BASF SE;
  • B2.55 Chaetomium globosum available as RIVADIOM® by Rivale
  • B2.56 Cryptococcus flavescens strain 3C (NRRL Y-50378);
  • B2.57 Dactylaria Candida,' (B2.58) Dilophosphora alopecuri (available as TWIST FUNGUS®);
  • B2.60 Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available as SPORODEX® L by Plant Products Co., CA); (B2.61)
  • strain ICC 080 IMI CC 392151 CABI
  • BIODERMA® AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.
  • B2.62 Trichoderma fertile (e.g. product TrichoPlus from BASF);
  • B2.63 Muscodor roseus, in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548);
  • B2.64 Simplicillium lanosoniveunr
  • (Cl) bacteria selected from the group consisting of (C 1.01) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (having Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087); (Cl.02) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US); (Cl.03) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain AQ30002 (having Accession Nos. NRRL B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No.
  • Bacillus subtilis in particular strain AQ30004 (and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); (C.1.05) Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN® GOLD from Bayer CropScience); (C.1.06) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS® from BASF SE); (C1.07) Bacillus subtilis rm303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofilm Crop Protection); (C1.08) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI- PEPTA® from Biofdm Crop Protection); (C1.09) Bacillus mycoides BT155 (NRRL No.
  • Bacillus mycoides EE118 (NRRL No. B-50918), (Cl.l 1) Bacillus mycoides EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916), (C1.12) Bacillus mycoides BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922), (Cl .13) Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B-50917), (C1.14) Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No. B-50924) also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7, (CL 15) Bacillus cereus family member EE349 (NRRL No.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3281 ATCC # PTA-7542; WO 2017/205258
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 available as QUIKROOTS® from Novozymes
  • YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer Crop Science, DE
  • C1.20 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain IN937a
  • C1.21 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain FZB42 (e.g. RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE)
  • C1.22 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS27 (Accession No.
  • NRRL B-5015 a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (C1.24) Bacillus cereus, in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675; e.g. MEPICHLOR® from Arysta Lifescience, US); (C1.25) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain MBI 600 (e.g. SUBTILEX® from BASF SE); (C1.26) Bradyrhizobium japonicum (e.g.
  • PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena
  • C1.33 Azospirillum brasilense e.g., VIGOR® from KALO, Inc.
  • C1.34 Azospirillum lipoferum e.g., VERTEX-IFTM from TerraMax, Inc.
  • C1.35 a mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum (available as INVIGORATE® from Agrinos);
  • C1.36 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular strain PN1;
  • C2.01 Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550; e.g. BioAct from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH);
  • C2.02) Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC 22348 (e.g. JumpStart® from Acceleron BioAg),
  • C2.04 Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g.
  • Equive® WP from Agrauxine, FR (C2.05) Trichoderma viride, e.g. strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137); (C2.06) Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132; e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited); (C2.07) Trichoderma atroviride strain SCI described in International Application No. PCT/IT2008/000196); (C2.08) Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g.
  • Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (C2.09) Trichoderma asperellum strain Eco-T (Plant Health Products, ZA); (C2.10) Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert); (C2.11) Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g. DiTeraTM from Valent Biosciences); (C2.12) Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851; (C2.13) Pythium oligandrum strain Ml (ATCC 38472; e.g. Polyversum from Bioprepraty, CZ); (C2.14) Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g.
  • (DI) bacteria selected from the group consisting of (DI.01) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372; e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences); (DI.02) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J. (e.g. BmJ from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); (DI.03) Bacillus sphaericus, in particular Serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (strain ABTS-1743) (e.g. VECTOLEX® from Valent BioSciences, US); (DI.04) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
  • DI.01 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372; e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences)
  • DI.02 Bacillus mycoides
  • israelensis strain BMP 144 Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis strain BMP 144 (e.g.
  • Burkholderia spp. in particular Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia rinojensis strain MBI 305) (Accession No. NRRL B- 50319; WO 2011/106491 and WO 2013/032693; e.g. MBI-206 TGAI and ZELTO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (DI.10) Chromobacterium subtsugae, in particular strain PRAA4-1T (MBI-203; e.g. GRANDEVO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (DI.
  • Paenibcicillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae; e.g. MILKY SPORE POWDERTM and MILKY SPORE GRANULARTM from St. Gabriel Laboratories); (DI.12) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276) (e.g. VECTOBAC® by Valent BioSciences, US); (DI.13) Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain EVB- 113-19 (e.g., BIOPROTEC® from AEF Global); (DI.14) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
  • tenebrionis strain NB 176 SD-5428; e.g. NOVODOR® FC from BioFa DE; (DI.15) Bacillus thuringiensis var. japonensis strain Buibui; (DI.16) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ABTS 351; (DI. 17) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain PB 54; (DI. 18) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 11; (DI.19) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 12; (DI.20) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
  • israeltaki strain EG 2348 Bacillus thuringiensis var. Colmeri (e.g. TIANBAOBTC by Changzhou Jianghai Chemical Factory); (D 1.22) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain GC-91; (DI.23) Serratia entomophila (e.g. INVADE® by Wrightson Seeds); (DI.24) Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708); and (D 1.25) Wolbachia pipientis ZAP strain (e.g., ZAP MALES® from MosquitoMate); and
  • (D2) fungi selected from the group consisting of (D2.01) Isaria fumosorosea (previously known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strain apopka 97; (D2.02) Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 (e.g. NATURALIS® from Intrachem Bio Italia); (D2.03) Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (Accession No. ATCC74250; e.g.
  • viruses selected from the group consisting of Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis virus (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, and Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV;
  • (F) bacteria and fungi which can be added as 'inoculant' to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health.
  • Examples are: Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp.
  • Symphytum officinale Tanacetum vulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, Veratrin, Viscum album, Brassicaceae extract, in particular oilseed rape powder or mustard powder, as well as bioinsecticidal / acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLiPPER®.
  • Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.013) imazalil, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfen- trifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.022) prochloraz, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (1.028) tetraconazole, (1.031) triticonazole, (1.067) methyl 2- [2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propanoate, (2.001) benzovindi- flupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid
  • B21661 U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051
  • G plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which can be used as biological control agents, such as Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), (Group N-UNB) Bacterial agents (non-/h) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium -derived, selected from Pasteuria spp., e.g.
  • Penetrans or nishizawae, Sl a compounds of the dichlorophenylpyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid type (Sl a ), preferably compounds such as (Sl-1) ("mefenpyr-diethyl"), biostimulants such as fulvic acids, myoinositol, and/or glycine, protein hydrolysates and amino-acids both from animal BAYFOLAN AMBITION & BAYFOLAN cobre, SICIT, Italy), one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P.
  • Penicillium extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P.
  • LCOs such as OPTIMIZE® (commercially available from Bayer Company) contains a culture of Bradyrhizobium japonicum that produces LCO.
  • Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.013) imazalil, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (1.028) tetraconazole, (1.031) triticonazole, (1.067) methyl 2-[2- chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl] -2-hydroxy-3 -( 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)propanoate, (2.001) benzovindiflu- pyr, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) cyclobutria,
  • Bacillus subtilis in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL AccessionNo. B21661, U.S. PatentNo. 6,060,051), (Group N-UNB) Bacterial agents (nonPt) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium-derived, selected from Pasteuria spp., e.g.
  • Penicillium extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P. bilaiae ATCC 22348, P. bilaiae NRRL 50162, P. bilaiae NRRL 50169, . bilaiae NRRL 50776. /'.
  • bilaiae NRRL 50777 . bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50779, P. bilaiae NRRL 50780, P. bilaiae NRRL 50781, P. bilaiae NRRL 50782, P. bilaiae NRRL 50783, P. bilaiae NRRL 50784, P. bilaiae NRRL 50785, P. bilaiae NRRL 50786, P. bilaiae NRRL 50787, P. bilaiae NRRL 50788, P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1.
  • Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (2.004) carboxin, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.015) isopyrazam, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.021) sedaxane, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.025) trifloxystrobin, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.007) pencycuron, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.0
  • Bacterial agents (non-/L) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium -derived, selected from Pasteuria spp., e.g. penetrans or nishizawae, one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P. bilaiae ATCC 22348, P. bilaiae NRRL 50162, P. /v/ ⁇ 7 NRRL 50169. P.
  • bacterium or bacterium -derived selected from Pasteuria spp., e.g. penetrans or nishizawae, one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P. bilaiae ATCC 22
  • Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.021) sedaxane, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.025) trifloxystrobin, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.007) pencycuron, (5.020) thiram, (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefe
  • Isotianil and further active ingredients can be present in a broad range of effective weight ratio for example from 1000: 1 to 1: 10000, more preferably from 1000: 1 to 1: 1000, more preferably from 100: 1 to 1: 100, such as from 50: 1 to 1:50, from 1:20 to 20: 1 or from 10: 1 to 1: 10.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more active ingredients selected from insecticides, acaricides and nematicides.
  • Insecticides as well as the term “insecticidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term “insects” comprises all organisms in the class “Insecta”. “Nematicide” and “nematicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes. In general, the term “nematode” comprises eggs, larvae, juvenile and mature forms of said organism.
  • Acaricide and “acaricidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnida, sub-class Acari.
  • insecticides examples include insecticides, acaricides and nematicides, respectively, which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors preferably carbamates selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb, or organophosphates selected from acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cous
  • GABA-gated chloride channel blockers preferably cyclodiene-organochlorines selected from chlordane and endosulfan, or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) selected from ethiprole and fipronil.
  • Sodium channel modulators preferably pyrethroids selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer, biore smethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(lR)-isomer], esf
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators preferably neonicotinoids selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, or nicotine, or sulfoximines selected from sulfoxaflor, or butenolids selected from flupyradifurone, or mesoionics selected from triflumezopyrim.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators Site I, preferably spinosyns selected from spinetoram and spinosad.
  • Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators preferably avermectins/milbemycins selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
  • Juvenile hormone mimics preferably juvenile hormone analogues selected from hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene, or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.
  • Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors preferably alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or chloropicrine or sulphuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators selected from diazomet and metam.
  • Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators preferably pyridine azomethanes selected from pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazone, or pyropenes selected from afidopyropen.
  • Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membranes selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenehrionis, and B. t. plant proteins selected from CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry 1A. 105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34Abl/35Abl.
  • Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase preferably ATP disruptors selected from diafenthiuron, or organotin compounds selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide, or propargite or tetradifon.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam and thiosultap-sodium.
  • Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1 selected from buprofezin.
  • Moulting disruptor in particular for Diptera, i.e. dipterans selected from cyromazine.
  • Ecdysone receptor agonists preferably diacylhydrazines selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
  • Octopamine receptor agonists selected from amitraz.
  • Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors selected from hydramethylnone, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim and bifenazate.
  • Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors preferably METI acaricides and insecticides selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris).
  • Voltage -dependent sodium channel blockers preferably oxadiazines selected from indoxacarb, or semicarbazones selected from metaflumizone.
  • Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion and spirotetramat.
  • Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors preferably phosphides selected from aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors preferably 6eto-ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, or carboxanilides selected from pyflubumide.
  • Ryanodine receptor modulators preferably diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole.
  • GABA-gated chlorid channel allosteric modulators preferably meta-diamides selected from broflanilide, or isoxazoles selected from fluxametamide.
  • Baculoviruses preferably Granuloviruses (GVs) selected from Cydia pomonella GV and Thaumatotibia leucotreta (GV), or Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) selected from Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV, Flucypyriprole and Helicoverpci armigera NPV.
  • GVs Granuloviruses
  • NPVs Nucleopolyhedroviruses
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators selected from GS-omega/kappa HXTX-Hvla peptide.
  • (33) further active compounds selected from Acynonapyr, Afoxolaner, Azadirachtin, Benclothiaz,
  • Benzoximate Benzpyrimoxan, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Chloroprallethrin, Cryolite, Cyclobutrifluram, Cycloxaprid, Cyetpyrafen, Cyhalodiamide, Cyproflanilide (CAS 2375110-88-4), Dicloromezotiaz, Dicofol, Dimpropyridaz, epsilon-Metofluthrin, epsilon-Momfluthrin, Flometoquin, Fluazaindolizine, Flucypyriprole (CAS 1771741-86-6), Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufenoxystrobin, Flufiprole, Fluhexafon, Fluopyram, Flupyrimin, Fluralaner, Fufenozide, Flupentiofenox, Guadipyr, Heptafluthrin, Imidaclothiz, Iprod
  • nematicides which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors preferably (N-1A) carbamates selected from aldicarb, benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan and thiodicarb, or (N-1B) organophosphates selected from cadusafos, ethoprofos, fenamiphos, fosthiazate, imicyafos, phorate and terbufos.
  • Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators preferably avermectins selected from abamectin and emamectin benzoate.
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors especially inhibitors of succinatecoenzyme Q reductase, preferably pyridinylmethyl-benzamides selected from fluopyram.
  • Lipid synthesis/growth regulation modulators especially inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirotetramat.
  • Group N-UN Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action with various chemistries, selected from fluensulfone, fluazaindolizine, furfural, iprodione and tioxazafen.
  • Group N-UNX Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action: Presumed multi-site inhibitors, preferably volatile sulphur generators selected from carbon disulphide and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), or carbon disulphide liberators selected from sodium tetrathiocarbonate, or alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and methyl iodide (iodomethane), or halogenated hydrocarbons selected from 1,2- dibromo-3 -chloropropane (DBCP) and 1,3-dichloropropene, or chloropicrin, or methyl isothiocyanate generators selected from allyl isothiocyanate, diazomet, metam potassium and metam sodium.
  • DMDS carbon disulphide and dimethyl disulphide
  • iodomethane alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and methyl iodide (iodomethane)
  • halogenated hydrocarbons selected from 1,2- dibromo-3 -
  • Bacterial agents (non-/h) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium-derived, selected from Burkholderia spp., e.g. rinojensis A396, Bacillus spp., e.g. firmus, licheniformis, amyloliquefaciens or subtilis, Pasteuria spp., e.g. penetrans or nishizawae, Pseudomonas spp., e.g. chlororaphis or fluorescens, and Streptomyces spp., e.g.
  • fungus or fungus-derived selected from Actinomyces spp., e.g. streptococcus, Arthrobotrys spp., e.g. oligospora, Aspergillus spp., e.g. niger, Muscodor spp., e.g. albus, Myrothecium spp., e.g. verrucaria, Paecilomyces spp., e.g.
  • ⁇ ilcicinus Purpureocillium lilacinum
  • carneus or fumosoroseus Pochonia spp., e.g. chlamydosporici
  • Trichoderma spp. e.g. harzianum
  • virens atroviride or viride.
  • Botanical or animal derived agents including synthetic extracts and unrefined oils, with unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably botanical or animal derived agents selected from azadirachtin, camellia seed cake, essential oils, garlic extract, pongamia oil, terpenes, e.g. carvacrol, and Quillajci saponcirici extract.
  • Isotianil of formula (I) or a composition of the invention can be combined with at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of Acetamiprid, beta-Cyfluthrin, B. firmus, Bifenthrin, Carbofuran, Chlorphyriphos, Clothianidin, Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Cypermethrin, Fipronil, Fluopyram, Flupyradifurone, Furathiocarb, Imidacloprid, Sulfoxaflor, Tefluthrin, Tetraniliprole, Thia- methoxam.
  • herbicides which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are: acetochlor, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-methyl, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, alloxydim-sodium, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidochlor, amidosulfuron, 4-amino-3-chloro-6- (4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylic acid, aminocyclopyrachlor, amino- cyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminopyralid, aminopyralid-dimethyl- ammonium, aminopyralid-tripromine, amitrole, ammoniumsulfamate, anilofos, asulam, asulam- potassium, asulam sodium, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron
  • dicamba-biproamine dicamba-N,N-Bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine, dicamba-butotyl, dicamba-choline, dicamba-digly colamine, dicamba-dimethylammonium, dicamba- diethanolamine ammonium, dicamba-diethylammonium, dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba- methyl, dicamba-monoethanolamine, dicamba-olamine, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, dicamba- triethanolamine, dichlobenil, 2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4,4-dimethyl- l,2-oxazolidin-3-one, 2-(2,5-dichloro- benzyl)-4,4-dimethyl-l,2-oxazolidin-3-one, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-butotyl, dichlorprop-dimethyl- ammonium
  • 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-(pyridazin-3-yl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-l-(2-sulfoethyl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), 4-(pyridazin-3-yl)-l-(2-sulfoethyl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), l-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), l-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrida
  • plant growth regulators which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
  • Abscisic acid and related analogues [e.g. (2Z,4E)-5-[6-Ethynyl-l-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-
  • COs sometimes referred to as N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, are also composed of GlcNAc residues but have side chain decorations that make them different from chitin molecules [(CsHnNOsjn, CAS No. 1398-61-4] and chitosan molecules [(CsHnNO ⁇ n, CAS No.
  • chitinous compounds chlormequat chloride, cloprop, cyclanilide, 3 -(Cycloprop- l-enyl)propionic acid, l-[2-(4-cyano-3,5-dicyclopropylphenyl)acet- amido] cyclohexanecarboxy lie acid, l-[2-(4-cyano-3-cyclopropylphenyl)acetamido]cyclohexane- carboxylic acid, daminozide, dazomet, dazomet-sodium, n-decanol, dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, endothal, endothal-dipotassium, -disodium, and mono(N,N-dimethylalkylammonium), ethephon, flumetralin, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurenol-methyl, flurprimidol, forch
  • LCO lipo- chitooligosaccharides
  • Nod symbiotic nodulation
  • Myc factors consist of an oligosaccharide backbone of P-l,4-linked JV-acetyl-D-glucosamine (“GlcNAc”) residues with an N-linked fatty acyl chain condensed at the non-reducing end.
  • LCOs differ in the number of GlcNAc residues in the backbone, in the length and degree of saturation of the fatty acyl chain and in the substitutions of reducing and non-reducing sugar residues), linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate, 1 -methylcyclopropene, 3 -methylcyclopropene, 1 -ethylcyclopropene, 1- n-propylcyclopropene, 1 -cyclopropenylmethanol, methoxyvinylglycin (MVG), 3’-methyl abscisic acid, 1 -(4-methylphenyl)-N-(2-oxo- 1 -propyl- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)methanesulfonamide and related substituted tetrahydro
  • Sl a Compounds ofthe dichlorophenylpyrazoline -3 -carboxylic acid type (Sl a ), preferably compounds such as l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid, ethyl 1- (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylate (S 1-1) ("mefenpyr- diethyl”), and related compounds as described in WO-A-91/07874;
  • S l b Derivatives of dichlorophenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid (S l b ), preferably compounds such as ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (Sl-2), ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5- isopropylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S 1-3), ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(l,l-dimethylethyl)pyrazole-3- carboxylate (S 1-4) and related compounds as described in EP-A-333131 131 and EP-A-269806;
  • Sl d Compounds of the triazolecarboxylic acid type (Sl d ), preferably compounds such as fenchlorazole (ethyl ester), i.e. ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-lH-l,2,4-triazole-3- carboxylate (S 1-7), and related compounds, as described in EP-A-174562 and EP-A-346620;
  • 2 -isoxazoline-3 -carboxylic acid type (S 1 e ), preferably compounds such as ethyl 5-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)- 2 -isoxazoline-3 -carboxylate (Sl-8) or ethyl 5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (Sl-9) and related compounds as described in WO-A-91/08202, or 5, 5 -diphenyl -2 -isoxazolinecarboxylic acid (Sl-10) or ethyl 5, 5 -diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3 -carboxylate (Sl-11) ("isoxadifen-ethyl") or n-propyl 5,5-diphenyl-2- isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (Sl-12) or ethyl 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate
  • S2 a Compounds of the 8-quinolinoxyacetic acid type (S2 a ), preferably 1-methylhexyl (5-chloro-8- quinolinoxy)acetate ("cloquintocet-mexyl") (S2-1), 1,3-dimethylbut-l-yl (5-chloro-8- quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-2), 4-allyloxybutyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-3), l-allyloxyprop-2-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-4), ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-5), methyl 5-chloro-8- quinolinoxyacetate (S2-6), allyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-7), 2-(2-propylideneiminoxy)-l- ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-8),
  • S2 b Compounds of the (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonic acid type (S2 b ), preferably compounds such as diethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, diallyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, methyl ethyl (5- chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate and related compounds, as described in EP-A-0 582 198.
  • S3 Active compounds of the dichloroacetamide type (S3), which are frequently used as pre- emergence safeners (soil-acting safeners), for example
  • R-29148 (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-l,3-oxazolidine) from Stauffer (S3-2),
  • PPG-1292 N-allyl-N-[(l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl]dichloroacetamide
  • AD-67 or "MON 4660” (3 -dichloroacetyl- l-oxa-3 -azaspiro [4.5] decane) from Nitrokemia or Monsanto (S3-7),
  • TI-35 (1-dichloroacetylazepane) from TRI-Chemical RT (S3-8), "Diclonon” (Dicyclonon) or "BAS145138” or “LAB145138” (S3-9)
  • S4 C Compounds from the class of the benzoylsulfamoylphenylureas as described in EP-A-365484, for example l-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methylurea, 1 -[4-(N-2 -methoxybenzoyl - sulfamoyl)phenyl] -3 ,3 -dimethylurea and 1 - [4-(N-4,5 -dimethylbenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl] -3 -methylurea; S4 d ) Compounds of the N-phenylsulfonylterephthalamide type and salts thereof, which are known, for example, from CN 101838227.
  • Active compounds from the class of the hydroxyaromatics and the aromatic-aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives (S5) for example ethyl 3,4,5-triacetoxybenzoate, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3, 5 -dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxysalicylic acid, 4-fluorosalicyclic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,4-dichlorocinnamic acid, as described in WO-A-2004/084631, WO-A -2005/015994, WO-A- 2005/016001.
  • Active compounds from the class of the l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones for example 1- methyl-3 -(2 -thienyl)- l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one, l-methyl-3 -(2 -thienyl)- l,2-dihydroquinoxaline-2- thione, l-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one hydrochloride, l-(2- methylsulfonylaminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one, as described in WO-A- 2005/112630.
  • active compounds from the class of the 3 -(5 -tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2 -quinolones (S9), for example l,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-l-ethyl-3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolone (CAS Reg. No. 219479-18-2), 1,2- dihydro-4-hydroxy- l-methyl-3 -(5 -tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2 -quinolone (CAS Reg. No. 95855-00-8), as described in WO-A- 199/000020;
  • N-acylsulfonamides as described in WO-A-2007/023719 and WO-A-2007/023764.
  • oxabetrinil ((Z)-l,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile) (SI 1-1), which is known as a seed-dressing safener for millet/sorghum against metolachlor damage,
  • S12 active compounds from the class of the isothiochromanones (S12), for example methyl [(3-oxo- lH-2-benzothiopyran-4(3H)-ylidene)methoxy]acetate (CAS Reg. No. 205121-04-6) (S 12-1) and related compounds from WO-A-1998/13361.
  • naphthalic anhydride (1,8 -naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride) (S13-1), which is known as a seeddressing safener for com against thiocarbamate herbicide damage,
  • flurazole (benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-l, 3 -thiazole-5 -carboxylate) (S13-3), which is known as a seed-dressing safener for millet/sorghum against alachlor and metolachlor damage,
  • MG 191 (CAS Reg. No. 96420-72-3) (2 -dichloromethyl -2 -methyl- 1,3 -dioxolane) (S13-5) from Nitrokemia, which is known as a safener for com,
  • active compounds which, in addition to herbicidal action against weeds, also have safener action on crop plants such as rice, for example
  • nitrification inhibitors wich can be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are selected from the group consisting of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)succinic acid, 2-(4,5- dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)succinic acid, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium glycolate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium citrate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium lactate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium mandelate, 1,2,4-triazole, 4-Chloro-3- methylpyrazole, N-((3(5)-methyl-lH-pyrazole-l-yl)methyl)acetamide, N-((3(5)-methyl-l H-pyrazole-1- yl)methyl)formamide, N-((3(5),4-dimethylpyrazole-l-yl)methyl)formamide, N-((4-chloro-3(5)-methyl-methyl-
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more agriculturally beneficial agents.
  • agriculturally beneficial agents include biostimulants, plant growth regulators, plant signal molecules, growth enhancers, microbial stimulating molecules, biomolecules, soil amendments, nutrients, plant nutrient enhancers, etc., such as lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), chitinous compounds, flavonoids, jasmonic acid or derivatives thereof (e.g., jasmonates), cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, absiscic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, salicylates, macro- and micro-nutrients, linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, karrikins, and beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Rhizobium spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Sinorhizobium spp., Azorhizobium spp., Glomus spp., Gigaspora
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more biostimulants.
  • Biostimulants may enhance metabolic or physiological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, nucleic acid uptake, ion uptake, nutrient delivery, or a combination thereof.
  • biostimulants may include seaweed extracts (e.g., ascophyllum nodosum; BAYFOL AN ALGAE, Aglukon gmbH, Germany), bacterial extracts (e.g., extracts of one or more diazotrophs, phosphate-solubilizing microorgafjaponisms and/or biopesticides), fungal extracts, humic acids (e.g., potassium humate), fulvic acids, myo-inositol, and/or glycine, protein hydrolysates and amino-acids both from animal BAYFOLAN AMBITION & BAYFOLAN cobre, SICIT, Italy) and plant origin, inorganic compounds (e.g silica) and any combinations thereof.
  • seaweed extracts e.g., ascophyllum nodosum; BAYFOL AN ALGAE, Aglukon gmbH, Germany
  • bacterial extracts e.g., extracts of one or more diazo
  • the biostimulants may comprise one or more Azospirillum extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising A. brasilense INTA Az-39), one or more Bradyrhizobium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising B. elkanii SEMIA 501, B. elkanii SEMIA 587, B. elkanii SEMIA 5019, B. japonicum NRRL B-50586 (also deposited as NRRL B-59565), B. japonicum NRRL B-50587 (also deposited as NRRL B-59566), B. japonicum NRRL B-50588 (also deposited as NRRL B-59567), B.
  • Azospirillum extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising A. brasilense INTA Az-39
  • one or more Bradyrhizobium extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising B. elkanii SEMIA 501
  • japonicum NRRL B-50589 also deposited as NRRL B-59568
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50590 also deposited as NRRL B-59569
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50591 also deposited as NRRL B-59570
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50592 also deposited as NRRL B-59571
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50593 also deposited as NRRL B-59572
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50594 also deposited as NRRL B-50493
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50608 also deposited as NRRL B-50608, B. japonicum NRRL B-50609, B.
  • japonicum NRRL B-50610 B. japonicum NRRL B-50611, B. japonicum NRRL B-50612, B. japonicum NRRL B- 50726, B. japonicum NRRL B-50727, B. japonicum NRRL B-50728, B. japonicum NRRL B-50729, B. japonicum NRRL B-50730, B. japonicum SEMIA 566, B. japonicum SEMIA 5079, B. japonicum SEMIA 5080, B. japonicum USDA 6, B. japonicum USDA 110, B. japonicum USDA 122, B. japonicum USDA 123, B. japonicum USDA 127, B.
  • japonicum USDA 129 and/ or B. japonicum USDA 532C one or more Rhizobium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising R. leguminosarum SO12A-2), one or more Sinorhizobium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising .S', fredii CCBAU 114 and/or .S', fredii USDA 205), one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851,/’. bilaiae ATCC 22348. /’.
  • Rhizobium extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising R. leguminosarum SO12A-2
  • Sinorhizobium extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising .S', fredii CCBAU 114 and/or .S
  • bilaiae NRRL 50162 /’. bilaiae NRRL 50169,/’. bilaiae NRRL 50776, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50779, P. bilaiae NRRL 50780, P. bilaiae NRRL 50781, P. bilaiae NRRL 50782, P. bilaiae NRRL 50783, P. bilaiae NRRL 50784, P.
  • bilaiae NRRL 50785 P. bilaiae NRRL 50786, P. bilaiae NRRL 50787, P. bilaiae NRRL 50788, P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1, P. brevicompactum AgRF18, P. canescens ATCC 10419, P. expansum ATCC 24692, P. expansum YT02, P.fellatanum ATCC 48694, P. gaestrivorus NRRL 50170, P. glabrum DAOM 239074, P. glabrum CBS 229.28, P. janthinellum ATCC 10455, P.
  • Pseudomonas extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising P.
  • acaricidal, insecticidal and/or nematicidal extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising Bacillus firmus 1-1582, Bacillus mycoides AQ726, NRRL B-21664; Beauveria bassiana ATCC-74040, Beauveria bassiana ATCC-74250, Burkholderia sp. A396 sp. nov.
  • rinojensis NRRL B-50319, Chromobacterium subtsugae NRRL B-30655, Chromobacterium vaccinii NRRL B-50880, Flavobacterium H492, NRRL B-50584, Metarhizium anisopliae F52 (also known as Metarhizium anisopliae strain 52, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 7, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 43 and Metarhizium anisopliae BIO- 1020, TAE-001; deposited as DSM 3884, DSM 3885, ATCC 90448, SD 170 and ARSEF 7711) and/or Paecilomyces fumosoroseus FE991), and/or one or more fungicidal extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising Ampelomyces quisqualis AQ 10® (Intrachem Bio GmbH & Co.
  • fungicidal extracts e.g., an extract of
  • catenulata also referred to as Gliocladium catenulatum J1446 (PRESTOP®, Verdera, Finland), Coniothyrium minitans CONTANS® (Prophyta, Germany), Cryphonectria parasitica (CNICM, France), Cryptococcus albidus YIELD PLUS® (Anchor Bio-Technologies, South Africa), Fusarium oxysporum BIOFOX® (from S.I.A.P.A., Italy) and FUSACLEAN® (Natural Plant Protection, France), Metschnikowia fructicola SHEMER® (Agrogreen, Israel), Microdochium dimerum ANTIBOT® (Agrauxine, France), Muscodor albus NRRL 30547, Muscodor roseus NRRL 30548, Phlebiopsis gigantea ROTSOP® (Verdera, Finland), Pseudozyma flocculosa SPORODEX® (Plant Products Co.
  • Trichoderma viride TV 1 Agribiotec srl, Italy
  • Trichoderma viride ICC080 Trichoderma viride ICC080
  • Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3 BOTRY-ZEN®, Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ
  • Isotianil of formula (I) or a composition of the invention may be combined with at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of Bacillus suhtilis AQ713 (NRRL B-21661), Bacillus suhtilis AQ743 (NRRL B-21665), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-50349, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (also known as 1BE, isolate ATCC BAA-390), (C1.01) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (having Accession No. NRRL No.
  • Bacillus suhtilis in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US); (C1.03) Bacillus suhtilis, in particular strain AQ30002 (having Accession Nos. NRRL B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); (C1.04) Bacillus suhtilis, in particular strain AQ30004 (and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No.
  • C.1.06 Bacillus suhtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS® from BASF SE); (C1.07) Bacillus suhtilis rm303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofdm Crop Protection); (C1.08) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI-PEPTA® from Biofdm Crop Protection).
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), chitooligosaccharides (COs), and/or chitinous compounds.
  • LCOs sometimes referred to as symbiotic nodulation (Nod) signals (or Nod factors) or as Myc factors, consist of an oligosaccharide backbone of P-l,4-linked '-acctyl-D-glucosam inc (“GlcNAc”) residues with an N-linked fatty acyl chain condensed at the non-reducing end.
  • LCOs differ in the number of GlcNAc residues in the backbone, in the length and degree of saturation of the fatty acyl chain and in the substitutions of reducing and non-reducing sugar residues. See, e.g., Denarie et al., Ann. Rev. Biochem. 65:503 (1996); Diaz et al., Mol. Plant-Microbe Interactions 13:268 (2000); Hungria et al., Soil Biol. Biochem. 29:819 (1997); Hamel et al. , Planta 232:787 (2010); and Prome et al., Pure & Appl. Chem. 70(l):55 (1998).
  • LCOs may be included or utilized in various forms of purity and can be used alone or in the form of a culture of LCO-producing bacteria or fungi.
  • OPTIMIZE® commercially available from Bayer Company
  • Methods to provide substantially pure LCOs include removing the microbial cells from a mixture of LCOs and the microbe, or continuing to isolate and purify the LCO molecules through LCO solvent phase separation followed by HPLC chromatography as described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,549,718. Purification can be enhanced by repeated HPLC and the purified LCO molecules can be freeze-dried for long-term storage.
  • compositions and methods of the present disclosure may comprise analogues, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, salts and/or solvates of LCOs.
  • LCOs may be incorporated into the composition according to the inventionin any suitable amount(s)/concentration(s).
  • the composition according to the invention comprise about 1 x IO’ 20 M to about 1 x 10 1 M LCO(s).
  • the amount/concentration of LCO may be an amount effective to impart a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied.
  • the LCO amount/concentration is not effective to enhance the yield of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other constituents of the composition, such as CO and/or one or more pesticides.
  • COs differ from LCOs in that they lack the pendant fatty acid chain that is characteristic of LCOs.
  • COs sometimes referred to as N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, are also composed of GlcNAc residues but have side chain decorations that make them different from chitin molecules [(CSHBNOS) ⁇ CAS No. 1398-61-4] and chitosan molecules [(CsHnNO ⁇ n, CAS No. 9012-76-4], See, e.g., D’Haeze et al., Glycobiol.
  • COs may be obtained from any suitable source.
  • the CO may be derived from an LCO.
  • the composition according to the invention comprise one or more COs derived from an LCO obtained (i.e., isolated and/or purified) from a strain of Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium (e.g., B. japonicum), Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium (e.g., R.
  • the CO may be synthetic. Methods for the preparation of recombinant COs are known in the art. See, e.g., Cottaz et al., Meth. Eng. 7(4) :311 (2005); Samain et al., Carbohydrate Res. 302:35 (1997.); and Samain et al., J. Biotechnol. 72:33 (1999), the contents and disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more suitable chitinous compounds, such as, for example, chitin, chitosan, and isomers, salts and solvates thereof.
  • Chitins and chitosans which are major components of the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans, are composed of GlcNAc residues. Chitins and chitosans may be obtained commercially or prepared from insects, crustacean shells, or fungal cell walls. Methods for the preparation of chitin and chitosan are known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos.
  • Flavonoid compounds are commercially available. Flavonoid compounds may be isolated from plants or seeds, e.g., as described in U.S. Patents 5,702,752; 5,990,291; and 6,146,668. Flavonoid compounds may also be produced by genetically engineered organisms, such as yeast. See, e.g., Ralston et al., Plant Physiol. 137: 1375 (2005).
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more flavanones, such as one or more of butin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, hesperidin, homoeriodictyol, isosakuranetin, naringenin, naringin, pinocembrin, poncirin, sakuranetin, sakuranin, and/or sterubin, one or more flavanonols, such as dihydrokaempferol and/or taxifolin, one or more flavans, such as one or more flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin (C), catechin 3-gallate (Cg), epicatechins (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC) epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), epigallcatechin 3-gallate (EGCg), epiafzelechin, fisetinidol, gallocatechin (GC), gallcatechin 3-gallate
  • Flavonoids and their derivatives may be included in the present composition in any suitable form, including, but not limited to, polymorphic and crystalline forms. Flavonoids may be included in the composition according to the invention in any suitable amount(s) or concentration(s).
  • the amount/concentration of a flavonoid(s) may be an amount effective to impart a benefit to a plant, which may be indirectly through activity on soil microorganisms or other means, such as to enhance plant nutrition and/or yield. According to some embodiments, a flavonoid amount/concentration may not be effective to enhance the nutrition or yield of the plant without the beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as LCO, CO, and/or one or more pesticides.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more suitable nonflavonoid nod-gene inducer(s), including, but not limited to, jasmonic acid ([lR-[la,2P(Z)]]-3-oxo-2- (pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid; JA), linoleic acid ((Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid) and/or linolenic acid ((Z,Z,Z)-9, 12, 15 -octadecatrienoic acid), and analogues, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, polymers, salts and solvates thereof.
  • suitable nonflavonoid nod-gene inducer(s) including, but not limited to, jasmonic acid ([lR-[la,2P(Z)]]-3-oxo-2- (pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid; JA), linoleic acid (
  • Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), collectively known as jasmonates, are octadecanoid-based compounds that occur naturally in some plants (e.g., wheat), fungi (e.g., Botryodiplodia theobromae, Gibbrella fujikuroi), yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli). Linoleic acid and linolenic acid may be produced in the course of the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid.
  • fungi e.g., Botryodiplodia theobromae, Gibbrella fujikuroi
  • yeast e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • bacteria e.g., Escherichia coli.
  • Jasmonates, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (and their derivatives) are reported to be inducers of nod gene expression or LCO production by rhizobacteria. See, e.g., Mabood et al., PLANT PHYSIOL. BIOCHEM. 44(11): 759 (2006); Mabood et al., AGR. J. 98(2):289 (2006); Mabood et al., FIELD CROPS RES.95(2-3):412 (2006); and Mabood & Smith, Linoleic and linolenic acid induce the expression of nod genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 3, PLANT BIOL. (2001).
  • esters are compounds in which the carboxyl group of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid has been replaced with a —COR group, where R is an —OR 1 group, in which R 1 is: an alkyl group, such as a Ci-Cs unbranched or branched alkyl group, e.g., a methyl, ethyl or propyl group; an alkenyl group, such as a C2-C8 unbranched or branched alkenyl group; an alkynyl group, such as a C2-C8 unbranched or branched alkynyl group; an aryl group having, for example, 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl group
  • Representative amides are compounds in which the carboxyl group of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid has been replaced with a —COR group, where R is an NR 2 R 3 group, in which R 2 and R 3 are each independently: a hydrogen; an alkyl group, such as a Ci-Cs unbranched or branched alkyl group, e.g., a methyl, ethyl or propyl group; an alkenyl group, such as a C2-C8 unbranched or branched alkenyl group; an alkynyl group, such as a C2-C8 unbranched or branched alkynyl group; an aryl group having, for example, 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl group having, for example, 4 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatoms in the heteroaryl group can be, for example, N, O, P, or S.
  • R is an NR 2 R
  • Esters may be prepared by known methods, such as acid-catalyzed nucleophilic addition, wherein the carboxylic acid is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a mineral acid.
  • Amides may also be prepared by known methods, such as by reacting the carboxylic acid with the appropriate amine in the presence of a coupling agent, such as dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC), under neutral conditions.
  • Suitable salts of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and jasmonic acid include, for example, base addition salts.
  • the bases that may be used as reagents to prepare metabolically acceptable base salts of these compounds include those derived from cations such as alkali metal cations (e.g., potassium and sodium) and alkaline earth metal cations (e.g., calcium and magnesium). These salts may be readily prepared by mixing a solution of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid with a solution of the base. The salts may be precipitated from solution and collected by filtration, or may be recovered by other means such as by evaporation of the solvent.
  • alkali metal cations e.g., potassium and sodium
  • alkaline earth metal cations e.g., calcium and magnesium
  • Non-flavonoid nod-gene inducers may be used in combination with the compound and the composition according to the invention in any suitable amount(s)/concentration(s).
  • the amount/concentration of non-flavonoid nod-gene inducers may be an amount effective to impart or confer a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied.
  • the amount/concentration of non-flavonoid nodgene inducers may not be effective to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as a LCO, CO and/or one or more pesticides.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with karrakins, including but not limited to 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-ones, as well as analogues, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, polymers, salts and solvates thereof.
  • biologically acceptable salts of karrakins include acid addition salts formed with biologically acceptable acids, examples of which include hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulphate or bisulphate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate, acetate, benzoate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, lactate, citrate, tartrate, gluconate; methanesulphonate, benzenesulphonate and p-toluenesulphonic acid.
  • Additional biologically acceptable metal salts may include alkali metal salts, with bases, examples of which include the sodium and potassium salts.
  • Karrakins may be incorporated into the composition according to the invention in any suitable amount(s) or concentration(s).
  • the amount/concentration of a karrakin may be an amount or concentration effective to impart or confer a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied.
  • a karrakin amount/concentration may not be effective to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as a LCO, CO and/or one or more pesticides.
  • anthocyanidins and/or anthoxanthins such as one or more of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, flavones (e.g., apigenin, baicalein, chrysin, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, diosmin, flavoxate, 6- hydroxyflavone, luteolin, scutellarein, tangeritin and/or wogonin) and/or flavonols (e.g., amurensin, astragalin, azaleatin, azalein, fisetin, furanoflavonols galangin, gossypetin, 3-hydroxyflavone, hyperoside, icariin, isoquercetin, kaempferide, kaempferitrin, kaempferol, isor
  • flavones e.g., apigen
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with gluconolactone and/or an analogue, derivative, hydrate, isomer, polymer, salt and/or solvate thereof.
  • Gluconolactone may be incorporated into the composition according to the inventionin any suitable amount(s)/concentration(s).
  • the amount/concentration of a gluconolactone amount/concentration may be an amount effective to impart or confer a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied.
  • the gluconolactone amount/concentration may not be effective to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as a LCO, CO and/or one or more pesticides.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more suitable nutrient(s) and/or fertilizer(s), such as organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, taurine, etc.), macrominerals (e.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, etc.), trace minerals (e.g., boron, cobalt, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, etc.), vitamins, (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bi, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin Bg, vitamin B7, vitamin B x . vitamin B ⁇ >, vitamin B
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with macro- and micronutrients of plants or microbes, including phosphorous, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and/or zinc. According to some embodiments, the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more beneficial micronutrients.
  • Non-limiting examples of micronutrients for use in compositions described herein may include vitamins, (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B9, vitamin B 12, choline) vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B9, vitamin B 12, choline) vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B9, vitamin B 12, choline) vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B9, vitamin B 12, choline) vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6,
  • E vitamin K
  • carotenoids a-carotene, P-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin, etc.
  • macrominerals e.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, etc.
  • trace minerals e.g., boron, cobalt, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, etc.
  • organic acids e.g., acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, taurine, etc.
  • combinations thereof BAYFOLAN secure, BAYFOLAN complete, BAYFOLAN energy, BAYFOLAN power, Aglukon GmbH, Germany).
  • compositions may comprise phosphorous, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and/or zinc, and combinations thereof.
  • phosphorous may be derived from a rock phosphate source, such as monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, super phosphate, triple super phosphate, and/or ammonium polyphosphate, an organic phosphorous source, or a phosphorous source capable of solubilization by one or more microorganisms (e.g., Penicillium bilaiae).
  • the term "mixture” means various combinations of at least two of the abovementioned active ingredients which are possible, such as, for example, ready mixes, tank mixes (which is understood as meaning spray slurries prepared from the formulations of the individual active ingredients by combining and diluting prior to the application) or combinations of these (for example, a binary ready mix of two of the abovementioned active ingredients is made into a tank mix by using a formulation of the third individual substance).
  • the individual active ingredients may also be employed sequentially, i.e. one after the other, at a reasonable interval of a few hours or days, in the case of the treatment of seed for example also by applying a plurality of layers which contain different active ingredients.
  • the active ingredients are applied simultaneously to their target, e.g. the combination is a tank mix or a formulation comprising the active ingredients.
  • the compounds according to formula (I) can be employed as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use solutions, suspensions, wettable powders, pastes, soluble powders, dusts and granules. They are applied in the customary manner, for example by pouring, spraying, atomizing, scattering, dusting, foaming, painting on and the like. It is furthermore possible to apply the compounds according to formula (I) by the ultra-low-volume method or to inject the active ingredient preparation, or the active ingredient itself, into the soil.
  • the vegetative propagation material of the plants may also be treated.
  • the application rates may be varied within a substantial range, depending on the type of application.
  • the application rates of active ingredient are preferably between 0.1 and 10 OOOg/ha, more preferred between 10 and 1 OOOg/ha.
  • the application rates of active ingredient are preferably between 0.001 and 50g per kilogram of vegetative propagation material, more preferred between 0.01 and 10g per kilogram of vegetative propagation material.
  • the application rates of active ingredient are preferably between 0.1 and 10 OOOg/ha, more preferred between 1 and 5 OOOg/ha.
  • Bacillus subtilis sp. strain QST713 is generally applied at a rate of between 3,00E+05 colony forming units (cfu)/ha and 5,00E+10 cfu/ha when treated in furrow or between 5,00E+08 cfu/ton tubers and l,00E+l l cfu/ton tubers when dipped or sprayed or l,00E+5 - l,00E+8 cfu/ 1000 grams of botanical seeds
  • Application rates per row meter depend on row distance and accordingly the number of rows per hectare as the application rate per hectare remains the same regardless of row distance.
  • application rates also depend on the product comprising Bacillus subtilis QST713.
  • Bacillus subtilis sp. strain QST713 is generally applied at a rate of between 3,00E+09 colony forming units (cfu)/ha and 5,00E+9 cfu/ha when treated as full field application prior to planting.
  • rates for the product Serenade ASO comprising B. subtilis QST713 range between 3,00E+07 cfu/ha and l,00E+10 cfu/ha, preferably between 3,00E+08 cfu/ha and 8,00E+09 cfu/ha, more preferably between 3,00E+09 cfu/ha and 5,00E+09.
  • this most preferred range corresponds to between l,98E+05 and 3,30E+05 cfu/m row, for 75 cm to between 2,25E+05 and 3,75E+05 cfu/m row and for 90 cm to between 2,70E+05 and 4,50E+05 cfu/m row.
  • QST713 HiCFU rates range between l,50E+09 cfu/ha and 3,00E+l l cfu/ha, preferably between l,00E+10 cfu/ha and 5,00E+10 cfu/ha, more preferably between l,50E+10 cfu/ha and 3,00E+10 when treated in furrow.
  • this most preferred range corresponds to between 9,90E+05 and l,98E+06 cfu/m row, for 75 cm to between l,13E+06 and 2,25E+06 cfu/m row and for 90 cm to between l,35E+06 and 2,70E+06 cfu/m row.
  • the Bacillus strain in particular B. subtilis strain QST713 or a mutant thereof, may also be applied to soil and/or plants in plug trays or to seedlings prior to transplanting to a different plant locus.
  • the strain When applied to the soil in contact with the plant roots, to the base of the plant, or to the soil within a specific distance around the base of the plant, including as a soil drench treatment, the strain may be applied as a single application or as multiple applications.
  • the strain may be applied at the rates set forth above for drench treatments or a rate of about 1 x 10 5 to about 1 x 10 8 cfu per gram of soil, 1 x 10 5 to about 1 x 10 7 cfu per gram of soil, 1 x
  • the strain is applied as a single application at a rate of about 7 x 10 5 to about 1 x 10 7 cfu per gram of soil. In another embodiment, the strain is applied as a single application at a rate of about 1 x 10 6 to about 5 x 10 6 cfu per gram of soil. In other embodiments, the strain is applied as multiple applications at a rate of 10 about 1 x 10 5 to about 3 x 10 6 cfu per gram of soil.
  • Fig. 1 shows the resulting infection rate, shoot index and disease index of different drench and seed treatments according to present Example 3 in a comparative way.
  • Fig. 2A shows the mean percentage of plants in the individual disease classes (cf. Table 3) at P. brassicae (P.b.) concentrations of 10 6 spores / mb for “seed treatments” vs. “drench treatments” vs. “infected controls”.
  • Fig. 2B shows the mean percentage of plants in the individual disease classes (cf. Table 3) at P. brassicae (P.b.) concentrations of 10 7 spores / mb for “seed treatments” vs. “drench treatments” vs. “infected controls”.
  • Example 1 in vivo-Test for clubroot disease growth chamber conditions in Canada
  • the test is performed under growth chamber conditions.
  • Hybrid DKTF 96 SC doesn’t carry any clubroot resistance QTL.
  • Hybrid X49732G1 carrying Tosca- originated resistance gene is moderately resistant to pathotypes 3H (Canadian Clubroot Differential, CCD, Strelkov et al. 2018).
  • Canola seeds were treated with Isotianil FS 200 G at three different dose rates (1g ai/dt, 10g ai/dt, 100g ai/dt). The causal agent of clubroot Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotype 3H was used.
  • This pathotype is the predominant pathotype in western Canada since the outbreak of the disease on canola in 2003.
  • Four spore concentrations were used in experiments: 1 x 10 5 spores/mL, 1 x 10 6 spores/mL, 1 x 10 7 spores/mL and 1 x 10 8 spores/mL.
  • untreated control and water-inoculated control were included in the experiment.
  • Completely randomized block design was used in experiments. For each hybrid/treatment combination, there were four replicates. Because small pots were used, four pots were considered as one replicate and each pot comprising 6 plants. Therefore, total number of plants per hybrid/treatment combination was 96 (4 replicate x 4 pots x 6 plants).
  • clubroot galls (stored at -20 °C freezer to room temperature) were soaked in water for 2 h. Galls were grinded into a fine suspension with water using a coffee grinder and the slurry was filtered through 4 layers of cheesecloth. Spore concentrations were counted using a Hemacytometer and diluted to the final concentrations.
  • Canola seedlings were inoculated six days after seeding. The pots were thoroughly watered before inoculating. Seedlings were inoculated by pipetting spore suspension or water into growth mix around the roots (2 mb per plant). After inoculation, the 10” x 20” tray was covered with a humidity dome and pots were incubated at a constant temperature of 21 °C /16°C and a 16 h/8 h day/night shift for 7 days, or until the soil appears to be drying out. After that, plants were watered and fertilized as required.
  • disease incidence Number of susceptible plants/total number of plants assessed.
  • Table 1 Clubroot rating classes for Brassica
  • test is performed under greenhouse conditions. Winter rapeseeds Brassica napus L., treated with water (untreated) or with the active compound Isotianil (c.f. Table 4). Formulated product was seed treated at desired dose rates by adjusting volumes to a total slurry of 2000 ml/dt adding distilled water (aqua dest.).
  • Seeds were sown in 13 x 13 x 13 cm pots (2 seedlings/pot) filled with soil mixture consistent of standard soil type (“Einheits Erde Classic”), which was sieved and mixed with sand (“Sahara Spielsand”) in the ratio soil:sand (4: 1) and hot steamed for 120 min. Pots were adequately watered and put in a tray to ease irrigation and water supply. Plants grew in the green house with a temperature range from (16.4 to 29.7°C) and a relative humidity of 19 to 75%.
  • Rapeseed plants were infected 5 days after drench treatments and 10 days of sowing with 2 ml inoculum pipetted per plant. Plasmodiophora brassicae e 3 single spore isolate at different concentrations were used. In addition, an untreated, non-inoculated control was treated with 2 ml phosphate buffer (50 mmol KH2PO4, pH 5.5).
  • Table 3 Clubroot rating classes for Brassica according to Yoshikawa et al. (1977).
  • DI Disease index
  • DI ((Ini+2n2+3n3+4n4)* 100)/N to tai ni to n4 is the number of plants in the indicated disease class
  • Ntotai is the total number of plants tested The percent of plants in each disease class was calculated as well as the infection rate (as the percent value of infected plants in each treatment).
  • Biomass indicators provide evidence reverses the general status of plants in the treatment, and they are positively related to expected yields and maturity indices.
  • Plant index and dry-matter index were calculated for all treatments according to the non-infected control.
  • the shoot index is the weight of infected / control shoots.
  • the shoot index and the dry-matter index small values indicate that the plants perform well, despite of infection.
  • the plant index is the value that shows how much better a plant is doing for shoot fresh weight (infected vs control), here high values (>1) indicate that the upper parts of infected plants perform well, despite infection.
  • Isotianil (alone or in combination with other compounds) is reducing clubroot disease when applied either as seed treatments or as drench treatments.
  • the test is performed under greenhouse conditions.
  • Seeds were sown in 13 x 13 x 13 cm pots (2 seedlings/pot) filled with soil mixture consistent of standard soil type (“Einheits Erde Classic”), which was sieved and mixed with sand (“Sahara Spielsand”) in the ratio soil:sand (4: 1) and hot steamed for 120 min. Pots were adequately watered and put in a tray to ease irrigation and water supply. Plants grew in the green house with a temperature range from (16.4 to 29.7°C) and a relative humidity of 19 to 75%.
  • Rapeseed plants were infected 5 days after drench treatments and 10 days of sowing with 2 ml inoculum pipetted per plant. Plasmodiophora brassicae e 3 single spore isolate at different concentrations were used. In addition, an untreated, non-inoculated control was treated with 2 ml phosphate buffer (50 mmol KH2PO4, pH 5.5).
  • DI Disease index
  • Biomass indicators provide evidence reverses the general status of plants in the treatment, and they are positively related to expected yields and maturity indices.
  • Table 9 Treatment list per study time and experiment.
  • Control no treatments;
  • HiCFU Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713-HiCFU. The concentrations and methods for seed coating are given in the methods. Mean values for 3 individual experiments including 20 plants per treatment are shown. The statistically significant differences for p ⁇ 0.5 are indicated by different letters per inoculation density.
  • Figs. 2A and 2B illustrate the mean percentage of plants in the individual disease classes (for the disease classe, cf. Table 3), considering different spore concentrations of P. brassicae (Fig 2A at 10 6 spores / m , Fig. 2B at 10 7 spores / mb) and for the different treatment ways (seed treatment, drench treatment and infected controls).
  • Figs. 1, 2A, and 2B clearly indicate that Isotianil (alone or in combination with QST713) is reducing clubroot disease when applied either as seed treatments or as drench treatments.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of the formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particluar oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard or radish.

Description

Use of Isotianil for Plasmodiophora brassica
Figure imgf000002_0001
The present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of the formula (I)
Figure imgf000002_0002
for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particluar winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, or canola.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of the formula (I) in combination with Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particular winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, or canola.
Isotianil is a fungicide and known from, e.g., WO 99/024413, WO 2006/098128, and WO 96/29871. Isotianil derivatives are described for controlling selected fungal pathogens in plants, i.e. rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) in rice (WO 99/24413), or Black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella ftjii) in banana (WO 2010/037482.). WO 2014/095826 describes fungicidal and/or indescticidal and/or bactericidal compositions comprising Isotianil and at least one further active ingredient selected from tiadinil, probenazole, isopyrazam, and propiconazole.
Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 has been deposited as Accession No. NRRL B-21661. Bacillus subtilis QST713, its mutants, its supernatants, and its lipopeptide metabolites, and methods for their use to control plant pathogens and insects are fully described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,060,051; 6,103,228; 6,291,426; 6,417,163 and 6,638,910. In these patents, the strain is referred to as AQ713, which is synonymous with QST713. Any references in this specification to QST713 refer to Bacillus subtilis QST713. Particular variants of Bacillus subtilis QST713 (e.g., Bacillus subtilis AQ30002 and AQ30004, deposited as Accession Numbers NRRL B-50421 and NRRL B-50455) that would also be suitable for the present invention are described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0231951.
Atthe time of filing U.S. Patent Application No. 09/074,870 in 1998, which corresponds to the above patents, the strain was designated as Bacillus subtilis based on classical, physiological, biochemical and morphological methods. Taxonomy of the Bacillus species has evolved since then, especially in light of advances in genetics and sequencing technologies, such that species designation is based largely on DNA sequence rather than the methods used in 1998. After aligning protein sequences from B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, B. subtilis 168 and QST713, approximately 95% of proteins found in B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 are 85% or greater identical to proteins found in QST713; whereas only 35% of proteins in B. subtilis 168 are 85% or greater identical to proteins in QST713. However, even with the greater reliance on genetics, there is still taxonomic ambiguity in the relevant scientific literature and regulatory documents, reflecting the evolving understanding of Bacillus taxonomy over the past years. For example, a pesticidal product based on B. subtilis strain FZB24, which is as closely related to QST713 as FZB42, is classified in documents of the U.S. EPA as B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens . Due to these complexities in nomenclature, this particular Bacillus species is variously designated, depending on the document, as B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens. Recent efforts are in addition aimed at characterizing the present strain QST713 as belonging to B. velenzis. Therefore, we have retained the B. subtilis designation of QST713 rather than changing it to B. amyloliquefaciens or B. velenzis, as would be expected currently based solely on sequence comparison and inferred taxonomy.
SERENADE® ASO (Aqueous Suspension-Organic) contains 1.34% of dried QST713 as an active ingredient and 98.66% of other ingredients. SERENADE® ASO is formulated to contain a minimum of 1 x 109 cfu/g of QST713 while the maximum amount of QST713 has been determined to be 3.3 x IO10 cfu/g. Alternate commercial names for SERENADE® ASO include SERENADE BIOFUNGICIDE®, SERENADE SOIL® and SERENADE® GARDEN DISEASE. For further information, see the U.S. EPA Master Labels for SERENADE® ASO dated January 4, 2010 and SERENADE SOIL®, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
SERENADE® MAX contains 14.6% of dried QST713 as an active ingredient and 85.4% of other ingredients. SERENADE® MAX is formulated to contain a minimum of 7.3 x 109 cfu/g of QST713 while the maximum amount of QST713 has been determined to be 7.9 x 1010 cfu/g. For further information, see the U.S. EPA Master Label for SERENADE® MAX, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
SERENADE® OPTIMUM (or OPTI) contains 26.2% of dried QST713 as an active ingredient and 73.8% of other ingredients. SERENADE® OPTIMUM (or OPTI) is formulated to contain a minimum of 1.31 x 1010 cfu/g of QST713. For further information, see the U.S. EPA Master Label for SERENADE® OPTIMUM (or OPTI), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Other products containing QST713 are available as MINUET™ or SUSTEED® from Bayer CropScience LP, US.
Clubroot is a plant disease caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae (https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/41865 (Accessed on 06.12.2021, 1:22 pm)). It is a unicellular protist of the Rhizaria group (Nikolaev SI, Berney C, Fahrni JF, Bolivar I, Polet S, Mylnikov AP, Aleshin W, Petrov NB, Pawlowski J: The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:8066-8071 (2004)) that can attack the roots of most cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae) (Dixon, G.R. The Occurrence and Economic Impact of Plasmodiophora brassicae and Clubroot). Particularly warm and moist soils with a pH value of less than 6.5 offer good conditions for the pathogen, which is why the probability of a more severe infection of the plants is higher there. At the beginning of the infection cycle, the pathogen is found in the soil in the form of permanent spores. Under favorable conditions (soil moisture), the pathogen first penetrates the root hair zone. From there, the root is colonized by a strong multiplication of the pathogen. As a result, cell division and the growth of the root are stimulated, resulting in the bulbous galls that are characteristic of clubroot. These galls require a lot of energy and at the same time make it more difficult for the plant to absorb water and nutrients, which inhibits or even stunts growth, especially above ground. Thus, an infestation with P. brassicae greatly reduces the yield of the useful plants and their quality. After the plant dies, the galls also decompose, leaving millions of spores in the soil (https://www.canolacouncil.Org/canola-encyclopedia/diseases/clubroot/#disease-cycle (Accessed on 06.12.2021, 2:36 pm).
It is particularly important to find a solution for clubroot, as the infection of cruciferous plants affects many crops, such as oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard or radish, and can have severe consequences that reduce yield and quality (Piao, Z., Ramchiary, N. & Lim, Y.P.: Genetics of Clubroot Resistance in Brassica Species. J Plant Growth Regul 28, 252-264 (2009)). In addition, the permanent spores of the soil-borne pathogen can survive in the soil for more than 15 years and thus contaminate it in the long-term. Furthermore, there exists no physical or chemical solution to the problem so far. Work is being carried out on clubroot-resistant varieties on the most important cruciferous plants (e.g. oilseed rape), but in almost all varieties, resistance is based on one or a few genes. To make matters worse, the resistance is mostly only partially specific to certain pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae (Diederichsen, E., Frauen, M., Linders, E. G. A., Hatakeyama, K., & Hirai, M.: Status and perspectives of clubroot resistance breeding in crucifer crops. J. Plant Growth Regul. 28: 265-281 (2009)).
Clubroot in North America
The plant disease has a major impact on major crops in North America, particularly canola in Canada. Clubroot was first discovered in Alberta in 2003 (Curtis B. Rempel, Samara N. Hutton & Clinton J. Jurke: Abstract of “Clubroot and the importance of canola in Canada”, Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology (2014)). In 2020, 3,000 fields were infected in the province of Alberta alone and the pathogen is spreading more and more in other regions of Canada. Canola cultivation in Canada has a major impact on the Canadian economy, contributing nearly $ 30 billion annually. The pathogen was found in the soil in 6 of Canada's 10 provinces and is now found in most areas where oilseed rape is grown (https://www.canolacouncil.Org/canola-encyclopedia/diseases/clubroot/#affected-regions (Accessed on 07.12.2021, 09:03 am)).
In the northern states of the United States, e.g. in North Dakota, clubroot was first discovered in oilseed rape fields in 2013, and the number of infected fields has been increasing since then (Chapara V., Kalwar N., Lubenow L. and Chirumamilla A.: Prevalence of Clubroot on Canola in North Dakota. HSOA Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Science (2019)).
Clubroot in Europe
According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), more than 9.6 millions ha of cruciferous plants were harvested in Europe in 2019, including 8.8 millions ha of oilseed rape (htps://www.fa0.0rg/fa0stat/en/#data/QCL (Accessed on 13.12.2021, 12:32 am)). This shows that cruciferous vegetables are also a significant part of European agriculture. The risk of severe clubroot infestation increases when oilseed rape is grown in short crop rotation cycles (2-3 years). Based on a survey of farmers in Europe, oilseed rape is planted in a short crop rotation on 70% of the fields (Nazanin Zamani- Noor et al.: Overview of the clubroot incidence and variation in the pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae populations in Europe. Integrated Control in Oilseed Crops IOBC-WPRS Bulletin Vol. 136 (2018)), which could increase the number and severity of clubroot incidents. In Germany, for example, 124 new oilseed rape fields affected by clubroot were discovered between 2013 and 2017 (Zamani-Noor, N.: Effects of calcium cyanamide, burnt lime and cultivar resistance on suppression of clubroot disease in oilseed rape cultivation. Integrated Control in Oilseed Crops IOBC-WPRS Bulletin Vol. 136, 2018, pp. 164-165). But also from the example of Poland you can see that the clubroot is a big problem for Europe. According to a report from 2012, the disease can be found there on around 250,000 hectares of the oilseed rape area (Konieczny, W.: Clubroot is present on 250 thousand hectares [in Polish], Farmer 5: 38-42 (2012)), which makes up about a third of the total oilseed rape area harvested in Poland (mean of data from 2011 and 2012: htps://www.fa0.0rg/fa0stat/en/#data/QCL (Accessed on 14.12.2021, 12: 18 am)).
Summary
Since North America and Europe together make up about half of the world's total oilseed rape arable land (https://www.fao.Org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (Accessed on 13.12.2021, 4:24 pm), such a yield-reducing disease as the clubroot is a threat to all of the world's oilseed rape production. Although the plant disease is not yet as widespread in Europe as it is in North America, it can be assumed that it will become increasingly important in Europe. Therefore, developing a solution against clubroot is of great importance.
It has now been found that Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient are particularly suitable for controlling clubroot in plants of the Brassica family.
Summary
The present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of formula (I)
Figure imgf000005_0001
for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants selected from Brassica napus.
In one embodiment, the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
In another embodiment, the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
In another embodiment, the plant is canola.
In another embodiment, the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
In another embodiment, the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
In another embodiment, the plant is a canola hybrid.
In another embodiment, Isotianil is used in combination with QST713.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of applying Isotianil to a plant, plant parts, or to the soil in which plants in need of treatment grow, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a plant selected from Brassica napus.
In one preferred embodiment, Isotianil is applied to seeds or fruits of the plants in need of treatment.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, and spring oilseed rape.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from canola.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from canola hybrids.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica napus plant or a plant part of a Brassica napus plant with Isotianil.
In one preferred embodiment, seeds or fruits of a Brassica napus plant are treated with Isotianil.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from canola.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from canola hybrids.
Brassica napus plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants may be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation. Yield may furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance. Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content and composition for example cotton or starch, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of applying Isotianil and/or a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress, to a plant, plant parts, seeds, fruits or to the soil in which plants in need of treatment grow, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a Brassicacea napus plant.
In one preferred embodiment, Isotianil and/or a combination of Isotianil and the one or more further active ingredients is applied to seeds or fruits of the plants in need of treatment.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from canola.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
In another embodiment the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from canola hybrids.
In another embodiment, Isotianil is applied in combination with QST713, preferably to the seeds or fruits. This includes the application of Isotianil in combination with QST713 in a single step, as well as applying Isotianil and QST713 in two separate steps.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassiccie comprising the step of treating a Brassica napus plant or plant part of a Brassica napus plant with a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
In one preferred embodiment, seeds or fruits of a Brassica napus plant are treated with a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from canola.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
In another embodiment, the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits, preferably the seeds or fruits, are selected from canola hybrids.
In another embodiment, Isotianil is used in combination with QST713, preferably on the seeds or fruits. This includes the use of Isotianil in combination with QST713 in a single step, as well as applying Isotianil and QST713 in two separate steps.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica napus plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
In one embodiment, Isotianil is used in combination with QST713. This includes the use of Isotianil in combination with QST713 in a single step, as well as applying Isotianil and QST713 in two separate steps.
In another embodiment, the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
In another embodiment, the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
In another embodiment, the seeds are canola seeds.
In another embodiment, the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
In another embodiment, the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids. In another embodiment, the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
In another embodiment, the seeds are treated with Isotianil at a dose range from O.lg/dt seeds to lOOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds, even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica napus plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
In one embodiment, Isotianil is used in combination with QST713. This includes the use of Isotianil in combination with QST713 in a single step, as well as applying Isotianil and QST713 in two separate steps.
In another embodiment, the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
In another embodiment, the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
In another embodiment, the seeds are canola seeds.
In another embodiment, the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
In another embodiment, the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
In another embodiment, the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
In another embodiment, the seeds are treated with Isotianil at a dose range from O.lg/dt seeds to lOOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds , even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil, wherein the seeds are seeds of Brassica napus.
In one embodiment, the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
In another embodiment, the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape. In another embodiment, the seeds are canola seeds.
In one embodiment, the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
In another embodiment, the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
In another embodiment, the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil and QST713, wherein the seeds are seed of Brassica napus.
In one embodiment, the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
In another embodiment, the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
In another embodiment, the seeds are canola seeds.
In one embodiment, the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
In another embodiment, the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
In another embodiment, the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of formula (I)
Figure imgf000011_0001
for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particluar canola, cabbage, mustard and radish.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of applying Isotianil to a plant, plant parts, preferably to seeds or fruits, or to the soil in which plants in need of treatment grow, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a Brassicacae plant, more preferably the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard and radish, more preferably oilseed rape.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or a plant part of a Brassica plant, preferably seeds or fruits of a Brassica plant, with Isotianil, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard and radish, more preferably oilseed rape.
Brassica plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants may be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation. Yield may furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance. Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content and composition for example cotton or starch, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of applying Isotianil and/or a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress, to a plant, plant parts, seeds, fruits or to the soil in which plants in need of treatment grow, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a Brassicaceae plant, more preferably the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard and radish, more preferably oilseed rape.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or plant part of a Brassica plant, preferably seeds or fruits of a Brassica plant, with a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a Brassica plant selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard and radish, more preferably oilseed rape. In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil, wherein the seeds are seed of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola, winter oilseed rape or spring oilseed rape.
Furthermore, the present invention relates the use of Isotianil of formula (I)
Figure imgf000013_0001
for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from the group consisting of Brassicaceae sp.: Brassica carinata'. Abyssinian mustard or Abyssinian cabbage; Brassica elongata'. elongated mustard; Brassica fruticulosa. Mediterranean cabbage; Brassica juncea. Indian mustard, brown and leaf mustards, Sarepta mustard; Brassica napus comprising winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, rutabaga (Brassica napus subsp rapifera swede/Swedish tumip/swede turnip); Brassica narinosa'. broadbeaked mustard; Brassica nigra', black mustard; Brassica oleracea comprising cultivars like kale, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kai-lan, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi; Brassica perviridis'. tender green, mustard spinach; Brassica rapa (syn B. campe stris) comprising Chinese cabbage, turnip, rapini, komatsuna, mizuna; Brassica rupestris'. brown mustard; Brassica septiceps'. seventop turnip; Brassica toumefortii'. Asian mustard; Brassica alba (syn Sinapis alba, white mustard); Armoracia rusticana. horseradish; Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis, Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus'. radish; and Canola varieties.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from the group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, and canola.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from Brassica napus.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is canola.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is a canola hybrid.
In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassiccie comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or a plant part of a Brassica plant with Isotianil.
In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora hrassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or plant part of a Brassica plant with combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora hrassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the Brassica plant is selected from the group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, and canola.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the Brassica plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the seeds are canola seeds.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the seeds are treated with Isotianil at a dose range from 0. Ig/dt seeds to 1 OOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds , even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds. In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil, wherein the seeds are seeds of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola, winter oilseed rape or spring oilseed rape.
Definitions
Unless otherwise stated, the following definitions apply for the terms used throughout this specification and claims:
Resistance is the ability of a plant variety to restrict the growth and development of a specified pest or pathogen and/or the damage they cause when compared to susceptible plant varieties under similar environmental conditions and pest or pathogen pressure. Resistant varieties may exhibit some disease symptoms or damage under heavy pest or pathogen pressure.
Two levels of resistance are defined:
High resistance (HR): plant varieties that highly restrict the growth and development of the specified pest or pathogen under normal pest or pathogen pressure when compared to susceptible varieties. These plant varieties may, however, exhibit some symptoms or damage under heavy pest or pathogen pressure.
Intermediate resistance (IR): plant varieties that restrict the growth and development of the specified pest or pathogen, but may exhibit a greater range of symptoms or damage compared to highly resistant varieties. Intermediate resistant plant varieties will still show less severe symptoms or damage than susceptible plant varieties when grown under similar environmental conditions and/or pest or pathogen pressure.
Plants mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the genetically modified plants (GMO or transgenic plants) and the plant cultivars which are protectable and non-protectable by plant breeders’ rights.
Plant cultivars are understood to mean plants which have new properties ("traits") and have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.
Plant parts are understood to mean all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seeds.
In one embodiment, crop species, cultivars and varieties belonging to the plant genus Brassica which may be treated in accordance with the methods of the invention include the following Brassicaceae sp.: Brassica carinata: Abyssinian mustard or Abyssinian cabbage; Brassica elongata. elongated mustard; Brassica fruticulosa: Mediterranean cabbage; Brassica juncea. Indian mustard, brown and leaf mustards, Sarepta mustard; Brassica napus comprising winter rapeseed, also known as winter oilseed rape, spring rapeseed, also known as spring oilseed rape, rutabaga (Brassica napus subsp rapifera swede/Swedish tumip/swede turnip); Brassica narinosa: broadbeaked mustard; Brassica nigra black mustard; Brassica oleracea comprising cultivars like kale, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kai-lan, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi; Brassica perviridis: tender green, mustard spinach; Brassica rapa (syn B. campe st ris) comprising Chinese cabbage, turnip, rapini, komatsuna, mizuna; Brassica rupestris: brown mustard; Brassica septiceps: seventop turnip; Brassica toumefortii'. Asian mustard; Brassica alba (syn Sinapis alba, white mustard); Armoracia rusticana: horseradish; Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis,Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus: radish; and Canola varieties.
To use the name canola, an oilseed plant must meet the following internationally regulated standard: "Seeds of the genus Brassica (Brassica napus, Brassica rapa or Brassica juncea) from which the oil shall contain less than 2% erucic acid in its fatty acid profile and the solid component shall contain less than 30 micromoles of any one or any mixture of 3-butenyl glucosinolate, 4-pentenyl glucosinolate, 2-hydroxy-3 butenyl glucosinolate, and 2-hydroxy- 4-pentenyl glucosinolate per gram of air-dry, oil-free solid."
In the context of the present invention the term oilseed rape is understood to include Brassica napus, canola, winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
Preferred Brassica plants are oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus), Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea. More preferred Brassica plants according to the present invention are oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus), more preferred winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape and canola plants (Brassica napus).
The Brassica napus, or Brassica juncea plants, or cultivars are also understood to be hybrids. Of particular interest are spring oilseed rapes, winter oilseed rapes or canola, particularly hybrids of winter oildseed rape, spring oilseed rape and canola, especially Canola hybrids. These hybrids may have in addition new properties ("traits"), which may have been obtained by conventional biological methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars of Brassica are obtained by genetic engineering, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms). Particularly useful transgenic Brassica plants are plants containing transformation events, or a combination of transformation events, and that are listed for example in the databases for various national or regional regulatory agencies including Event BLR1 (oilseed rape, restoration of male sterility, deposited as NCIMB 41193, described in WO 2005/074671), Event M0N88302 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-10955, described in WO 2011/153186), Event MS 11 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-850 or PTA- 2485, described in WO 01/031042); Event MS8 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in WO 01/041558 or US-A 2003- 188347); Event RF3 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in WO 01/041558 or US-A 2003-188347); Event RT73 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO 02/036831 or US-A 2008-070260), event MON-88302-9 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession N PTA-10955, WO 2011/153186A1), event DP-061061-7 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, no deposit N available, WO 2012071039A1), event DP- 073496-4 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, no deposit N available, US2012131692).
In one embodiment the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola.
In one embodiment the Brassica is Brassica napus.
In one embodiment the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
In one embodiment the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrid, spring oilseed rape hybrid, and canola hybrid.
In one embodiment the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
In one embodiment the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrid and spring oilseed rape hybrid.
In one embodiment the Brassica is spring oilseed rape.
In one embodiment the Brassica is winter oilseed rape.
In one embodiment the Brassica is spring oilseed rape hybrid.
In one embodiment the Brassica is winter oilseed rape hybrid.
In one embodiment the Brassica is Canola.
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid.
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is herbicide-resistant. In one embodiment the Brassica is a herbicide-resistant Canola hybrid, wherein the herbicide-resistant canola hybrid is selected from the group consisting of a canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glyphosate, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glufosinate, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of sulfonylureas, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of imidazolinones, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of pyrimidines, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (Dicamba).
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glyphosate.
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glufosinate.
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase.
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of sulfonylureas.
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of imidazolinones.
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of pyrimidines.
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide 3,6-dichloro-2- methoxybenzoic acid (Dicamba).
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid selected from the group consisting of Invigor L140P (Bayer CropScience), L160S (Bayer CropScience), L252 (Bayer CropScience), L261 (Bayer CropScience), L120 (Bayer CropScience), L130 (Bayer CropScience), L135C (Bayer CropScience), 5440 (Bayer CropScience), L156H (Bayer CropScience), L150 (Bayer CropScience), L154 (Bayer CropScience), L159 (Bayer CropScience), 45H31 (Pioneer), 43E01 (Pioneer), 43E02 (Pioneer), 43E03 (Pioneer), 45S56 (Pioneer), 45S54 (Pioneer), 45S52 (Pioneer), 45S53 (Pioneer), 45H33 (Pioneer), 45H29 (Pioneer), 45H76 (Pioneer), 46H75 (Pioneer), 75-65 RR (Monsanto), 74-54 RR (Monsanto), 74-44 RR (Monsanto), 73- 75 RR (Monsanto), 73-45 RR (Monsanto), and 73-15 RR (Monsanto). The Canola Hybrids InVigor L252, L261, L160S and L140P are registered varieties under the Canadian Seeds Act with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency as Canola, Brassica napus L., Spring hybrid under the respective names L252, L261, L160S and L140P. The list of registered variety is published online on the homepage of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency under the subsection “Registered Varieties and Notifications”. They are commercially available at the time of filing.
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant or intermediately resistant to clubroot.
In one embodiment the Brassica is a Canola hybrid selected from the group consisting of 6076 CR** (Brett Young), 6090 RR (Brett Young), 4187 RR (previously SY 4187) (Brett Young), CS2000 (Canterra), CS2600 CR-T (Canterra), 75-42 CR (DeKalb (Bayer)), DKTF 94 CR (DeKalb (Bayer)), InVigor L241C (BASF), InVigor L241C (BASF), InVigor L234PC** (BASF), InVigor L255PC (BASF), InVigor L258HPC (BASF), 45CS40 (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 45CM36** (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 45H37 (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 45CM39** (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), D3155C (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 1024 RR (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 1026 RR (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 1028 RR (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 2028 CL (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), PV 581 GC (Proven (Nutrien)), PV 591 GCS (Proven (Nutrien)), PV 585 GC** (Proven (Nutrien)), V 12-3 (Victory (Cargill)), V 14-1 (Victory (Cargill)), MENTOR, CROME (RAPOOL), CROTORA (RAPOOL), CROOZER (RAPOOL), CROCODILE (RAPOOL), ARCHIMEDES (Limagrain), ALASCO (LG), ANARION (LG), and ALIBABA (Syngenta).
Isotianil can therefore be employed for protecting oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard or radish against attack or delaying the attack/symptoms by the above-mentioned pathogens within a certain post-treatment period. The period within which protection is afforded generally extends from 1 to 48 days, preferably 1 to 35 days, after the treatment of the plants with the active ingredient(s). Depending on the form of application, the accessibility of the active ingredient(s) to the plant can be controlled in a targeted manner.
Depending on the plant species or plant varieties, their location and their growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, nutrition), the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive effects. For example, the following effects are possible, which extend beyond the effects which are actually to be expected: reduced application rates and/or a widened spectrum of action and/or an increased efficacy of the active ingredient(s) and compositions which can be employed in accordance with the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, improved flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher yields, larger fruit, greater plant height, more intensive green colour of the leaf, earlier flowering, better quality and/or higher nutritional value of the harvested crops, higher sugar concentration in the fruits, better storability and/or processability of the harvested crops.
At certain application rates, Isotianil can also exert a strengthening effect on plants. They are therefore suitable for mobilizing the plant defence system against attack by microbial and animal pathogens. This may be one of the reasons for the increased efficacy of the combinations according to the invention, for example against fungi. Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances in the present context are also to be understood as meaning those substances or substance combinations which are capable of stimulating the plant defence system such that the treated plants, when subsequently inoculated with microbial and animal pathogens, have a considerable degree of resistance to these microbial and animal pathogens. The substances according to the invention can therefore be employed for protecting plants against attack by the abovementioned pathogens within a certain post-treatment period.
Uses
In a first aspect, the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of formula (I)
Figure imgf000020_0001
for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants selected from Brassica napus, in particular winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola
In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil (1ST) of formula (I)
Figure imgf000020_0002
for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particluar oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard or radish.
Preferably the plant or plant part is selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard or radish.
More preferably the plant or plant part is oilseed rape.
Seed Treatment
Isotianil of formula (I) and the composition of the invention may also be used to protect seeds from Plasmodiophora brassicae. The term seed(s) as used herein includes dormant seeds, primed seeds, pregerminated seeds and seeds with emerged roots and leaves.
Thus, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae which comprises the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant, wherein the Brassica plant is selected in accordance with the embodiments for the uses and methods as cited above.
Further, the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae which comprises the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
In further embodiments, the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae which comprises the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress, wherein the Brassica plant is selected in accordance with the embodiments for the uses and methods as cited above.
The treatment of seeds with Isotianil or the composition of the invention protects the seeds from Plasmodiophora brassicae, but also protects the germinating seeds, the emerging seedlings and the plants after emergence from the treated seeds from Plasmodiophora brassicae. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds, germinating seeds and emerging seedlings.
The seed treatments may be performed prior to sowing, at the time of sowing or thereafter.
When the seed treatment is performed prior to sowing (e.g. so-called on-seed applications), the seed treatment may be performed as follows: the seeds may be placed into a mixer with a desired amount of Isotianil or the composition of the invention, the seeds and Isotianil or the composition of the invention are mixed until a homogeneous distribution on the surface of seeds is achieved. If appropriate, the seeds may then be dried. If desired, the seeds may be pelleted by, for example, adding inert materials to the seed’s surface to adapt its weight, size, shape and/or other properties to the desired characteristics. Then Isotianil or the composition of the invention are applied on the pelleted seeds.
The invention also relates to seeds coated with Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress. In a further embodiment, such seeds are seeds of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola, preferably seeds of canola, winter oilseed rape or spring oilseed rape. Preferably, the seeds are treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable for no damage to occur in the course of treatment. In general, seeds can be treated at any time between harvest and after sowing. It is customary to use seeds which have been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits. For example, it is possible to use seeds which have been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seeds which, after drying, for example, have been treated with water and then dried again, or seeds just after priming, or seeds stored in primed conditions or pre-germinated seeds, or seeds sown on nursery trays, tapes or paper.
The amount of Isotianil or the composition of the invention applied to the seeds is typically such that the germination of the seed is not impaired, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be ensured particularly in case Isotianil would exhibit phytotoxic effects at certain application rates. The intrinsic phenotypes of transgenic plants should also be taken into consideration when determining the amount of Isotianil to be applied to the seed in order to achieve optimum seed and germinating plant protection with a minimum amount of compound being employed.
Isotianil can be applied as such, directly to seeds, i.e. without the use of any other components and without having been diluted. Also the composition of the invention can be applied to seeds.
Isotianil and the composition of the invention are suitable for protecting seeds of the Brassica family. Preferred seeds are that of oilseed rape.
Application forms
The treatment according to the invention, especially of Brassica plants and/or plant parts, in particular oilseed rape, cabbage, radish and mustard plants and plant parts and of the propagation material with Isotianil is carried out directly or by acting on their environment, habitat or store by the customary treatment methods, for example by drip, spraying, atomizing, nebulizing, scattering, painting on, injecting.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the present invention, Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress is used for application for the treatment of vegetative propagation material, such as seeds (seed treatment).
In a preferred embodiment, Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress is/are applied as a seed treatment to seeds. A more preferred embodiment of the instant invention is the use and the methods cited above, wherein the method of use is a seed treatment and the range of Isotianil is within the range of from O.lg/dt seeds to lOOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds , even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds.
In another preferred embodiment, Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stressis/are applied as a foliar application. A further preferred embodiment of the instant invention is the use and the methods cited above, wherein the method of use is by foliar spray application is within the range of from Ig/ha to 900g/ha such as 50g/hato 800g/ha, or 200g/hato 500g/ha Isotianil.
Formulation
Depending on its respective physical and/or chemical properties, Isotianil can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, sachets, aerosols, microencapsulations in polymeric substances, and ULV cold- and hot-fogging formulations.
These formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing Isotianil with extenders, that is to say liquid solvents, pressurized liquefied gases and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam formers. If water is used as the extender, it is possible for example also to use organic solvents as cosolvents. Liquid solvents which are suitable in the main are: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, alcohols such as butanol or glycol, and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulphoxide, and water, and also mineral, animal and vegetable oils such as, for example, palm oil or other plant seed oils. Liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are understood as meaning those liquids which are gaseous at normal temperature and under normal pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons and butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Suitable solid carriers are: for example ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals such as highly disperse silica, alumina and silicates. Suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, pumice, marble, sepiolite, dolomite, and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. Emulsifiers and/or foam formers which are suitable are: for example nonionic, cationic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates, and protein hydrolysates. Suitable dispersants are: for example, lignosulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids, may be used in the formulations. Further additives may be mineral and vegetable oils.
It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
In general, the formulations contain between 5 and 95% by weight of active ingredient, preferably between 10 and 70% by weight of active ingredient, more preferred between 15 and 30% by weight of active ingredient, and most preferred 20% by weight of active ingredient.
The invention also relates to the use of the compositions according to the invention for the treatment of vegetative propagation material for protecting the vegetative propagation material and the germinating plant from microbial and animal pathogens.
The compounds which can be used in accordance with the invention and which are selected from among compounds according to formula (I) can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams and ULV formulations.
These formulations are prepared in the known manner by mixing the compounds selected from among the compounds of the formula (I) with customary additives, such as, for example, customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetters, dispersants, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins, mineral and vegetable oils, and also water.
Colorants which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all colorants which are customary for such purposes. In this context, both pigments, which are sparingly soluble in water, and dyes, which are soluble in water, may be used. Examples which may be mentioned are the colorants known by the names Rhodamin B, C.I. Pigment Red 112 and C.I. Solvent Red 1. Weters which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all substances which are customary for formulating agrochemical active ingredients and which promote wetting. Alkylnaphthalenesulphonates, such as diisopropyl- or diisobutylnaphthalenesulphonates, may preferably be used.
Suitable dispersants and/or emulsifiers which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants which are conventionally used for the formulation of agrochemical active ingredients. The following may be used by preference: nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants. Suitable nonionic dispersants which may be mentioned are, in particular, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristyrylphenol polyglycol ethers and their phosphated or sulphated derivatives. Suitable anionic dispersants are, in particular, lignosulphonates, salts of polyacrylic acid, and arylsulphonate/formaldehyde condensates.
Antifoams which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all foam-inhibitor substances which are conventionally used for the formulation of agrochemical active ingredients. Silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate may be used by preference.
Preservatives which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all substances which can be employed for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples which may be mentioned are dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.
Secondary thickeners which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all substances which can be employed for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and highly disperse silica are preferably suitable.
Adhesives which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all customary binders which can be used in mordants. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose may be mentioned by preference.
Gibberellins which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are preferably Gibberellin Al, Gibberellin A3 (gibberellic acid), Gibberellin A4, Gibberellin A7. Especially preferred is gibberellic acid.
The gibberellins are known (cf. R. Wegler "Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schadlingsbekampfimgsmittel" [Chemistry of plant protection and pesticide agents], volume 2, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1970, pages 401 - 412). Mixtures/combinations
The compound according to formula (I), Isotianil, can be employed as such or, in formulations, also in a combination with known fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, biological control agents. Mixtures with fertilizers, growth regulators, safeners, nitrification inhibitors, semiochemicals and/or other agriculturally beneficial agents are also possible. This may allow to broaden the activity spectrum or to prevent development of resistance.
The active compounds identified here by their common names are known and are described, for example, in the pesticide handbook (“The Pesticide Manual” 17th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2015) or can be found on the Internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).
Examples of fungicides which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
1) Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis, for example (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenbuconazole, (1.005) fenhexamid, (1.006) fenpropidin, (1.007) fenpropimorph, (1.008) fenpyrazamine, (1.009) Fluoxytioconazole, (1.010) fluquinconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.012) hexaconazole, (1.013) imazalil, (1.014) imazalil sulfate, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.020) paclobutrazol, (1.021) penconazole, (1.022) prochloraz, (1.023) propiconazole, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.025) pyrisoxazole, (1.026) spiroxamine, (1.027) tebuconazole, (1.028) tetraconazole, (1.029) triadimenol, (1.030) tridemorph, (1.031)triticonazole, (1.032) (lR,2S,5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl- 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, ( 1.033) (1 S,2R,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2- methyl- 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, ( 1.034) (2R)-2-( 1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[( lR)-2,2- dichlorocyclopropyl] - 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol, (1.035) (2R)-2-( 1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[( 1 S)-2,2- dichlorocyclopropyl] - 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol, ( 1.036) (2R)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoro- methyl)phenyl]-l-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.037) (2S)-2-(l-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(lR)-2,2- dichlorocyclopropyl] - 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol, (1.038) (2S)-2-( 1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[( 1 S)-2,2- dichlorocyclopropyl] - 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol, ( 1.039) (2S)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoro- methyl)phenyl] - 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)propan-2-ol, ( 1.040) (R)-[3 -(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5 -(2,4-di- fluorophenyl)-l,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.041) (S)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-di- fluorophenyl)-l,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.042) [3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluoro- phenyl)-l,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.043) l-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chloro- phenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl}methyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazole, (1.044) l-({(2S,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4- (4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl}methyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazole, (1.045) l-{[3-(2-chloro- phenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.046) 1- {[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, ( 1.047) 1 - { [rel(2R,3 S)-3 -(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl} - 1H- 1 ,2,4- triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.048) 2-[(2R,4R,5R)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4- yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.049) 2-[(2R,4R,5S)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6- trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.050) 2-[(2R,4S,5R)-l-(2,4-dichloro- phenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.051) 2-
[(2R,4S,5S)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3- thione, (1.052) 2-[(2S,4R,5R)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro- 3H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, ( 1.053) 2-[(2S,4R,5 S)- 1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5 -hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylheptan- 4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.054) 2-[(2S,4S,5R)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy- 2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.055) 2-[(2S,4S,5S)-l-(2,4-dichloro- phenyl)-5 -hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylheptan-4-yl] -2,4-dihydro-3H- 1 , 2, 4-triazole-3 -thione, ( 1.056) 2-[ 1 -(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl] -2,4-dihydro-3H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-3 -thione, ( 1.057) 2- [6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifhioromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-l-(l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.058) 2-[6-(4- chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3 -pyridyl] - 1 -( 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)propan-2-ol, (1.059) 2 - { [3 -(2-chloro- phenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.060) 2-
{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole- 3-thione, (1.061) 2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4- dihydro-3H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, ( 1.062) 3 -[2-( 1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-3 -(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2- hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile, (1.063) 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-l-(lH- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, ( 1.064) 5 -(allylsulfanyl)- 1 -{ [3 -(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluoro- phenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl} - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole, ( 1.065) 5 -(allylsulfanyl)- 1 - { [rel(2R,3R)-3 -(2-chlorophenyl)- 2-(2,4-difhiorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl} - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole, ( 1.066) 5 -(allylsulfanyl)- 1 - { [rel(2R,3 S)-3 -(2- chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH-l,2,4-triazole, (1.067) methyl 2-[2-chloro-4- (4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propanoate, (1.068) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-(2- methylbenzyl)phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformimidamide, (1.069) N'-(2-chloro-4-(4-cyanobenzyl)-5-methyl- phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformimidamide, ( 1.070) N'-(2-chloro-4-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methylphenyl)-N- ethyl-N-methylformimidamide, (1.071) N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimido- formamide, (1.072) N'-(4-benzyl-2-chloro-5-methylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformimidamide, (1.073) N'- [2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.074) N'-[5-bromo-6- (2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yloxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.075) N'-{4- [(4,5-dichloro-l,3-thiazol-2-yl)oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.076) N'-{5- bromo-2-methyl-6-[(l-propoxypropan-2-yl)oxy]pyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.077) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(lR)-l-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoform- amide, (1.078) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(lS)-l-(3,5-difhiorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, (1.079) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(cis-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N- ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.080) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2- methylpyridin-3 -yl } -N -ethyl-N -methylimidoformamide, (1.081) N'-{5 -bromo-6- [ 1 -(3 ,5 -difluoro- phenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.082) N-isopropyl-N'-[5- methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifhioro-I-hydroxy-l-phenylethyl)phenyl]-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.083) p-tolylmethyl 4-[(E)-[ethyl(methyl)amino]methyleneamino]-2,5-dimethyl-benzoate.
2) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II, for example (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen,
(2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) cyclobutrifluram, (2.006) flubeneteram, (2.007) fluindapyr, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.009) flutolanil, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.011) furametpyr, (2.012) inpyrfluxam, (2.013) Isofetamid, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.015) isopyrazam, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.019) pyrapropoyne, (2.020) pyraziflumid, (2.021) sedaxane, (2.022) Thifluzamide (aka trifluzamide), (2.023) 5,8-difhioro-N-[2-(2-fhioro-4-{[4-(trifhioromethyl)pyridin-2- yl] oxy }phenyl)ethyl] quinazolin-4-amine, (2.024) 5 -chloro-N-[2- [ 1 -(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3 -yl]oxy ethyl] - 6-ethyl-pyrimidin-4-amine, (2.025) N-[2-[l -(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3 -yl] oxyethyl] quinazolin-4-amine, (2.026) l,3-dimethyl-N-(l,l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.027) l,3-dimethyl-N-[(3R)-l,l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.028) 1,3- dimethyl-N - [(3 S)- 1 , 1 ,3 -trimethyl-2,3 -dihydro- 1 H-inden-4-yl] - lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.029) 1 - methyl-3-(trifhioromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.030) 2- fhioro-6-(trifhioromethyl)-N -( 1 , 1 ,3 -trimethyl-2,3 -dihydro- 1 H-inden-4-yl)benzamide, (2.031) 3 -(difluoro- methyl)-l-methyl-N-(l,l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-IH-inden-4-yl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.032) 3- (difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-N-[(3S)-I,I,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-IH-inden-4-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carbox- amide, (2.033) 3-(difhioromethyl)-N-[(3R)-7-fhioro-I,I,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-IH-inden-4-yl]-l-methyl- IH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.034) 3-(difhioromethyl)-N-[(3S)-7-fhioro-l,l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH- inden-4-yl]-l -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.035) N-[(lR,4S)-9-(dichloromethylene)-l, 2,3,4- tetrahydro-I,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.036) N-[(lS,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)-I,2,3,4-tetrahydro-I,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difhioromethyl)-l- methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.037) N-[l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-methoxypropan-2-yl]-3-(difluoro- methyl)-l -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.038) N-[rac-(lS,2S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]- 2-(trifhioromethyl)nicotinamide .
3) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III, for example (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) fenpicoxamid, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.013) flufenoxystrobin, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.015) kresoxim-methyl, (3.016) mandestrobin, (3.017) metarylpicoxamid, (3.018) metominostrobin, (3.019) metyltetraprole, (3.020) orysastrobin, (3.021) picoxystrobin, (3.022) pyraclostrobin, (3.023) pyrametostrobin, (3.024) pyraoxystrobin, (3.025) trifloxystrobin, (3.026) (2E)-2-{2-[({[(IE)-I-(3-{[(E)-I-fluoro-2-phenylvinyl]oxy}phenyl)ethyli- dene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamide, (3.027) (2E,3Z)-5-{[l-(4-chloro- 2-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, (3.028) (2E,3Z)-5- { [ 1 -(4-chlorophenyl)- 1 H-pyrazol-3 -yl] oxy } -2-(methoxyimino)-N,3 -dimethylpent-3 -enamide, (3.029) (2R)-
2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.030) (2S)-2-{2-[(2,5- dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.031) (Z,2E)-5-[l-(2,4-dichloro- phenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide, (3.032) methyl (Z)-2-(5- cyclohexyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, (3.033) methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclopentyl-2-methyl- phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, (3.034) methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-propylpyrazol-l- yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, (3.035) methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-l- yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, (3.036) methyl {5-[3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-2-methyl- benzyl}carbamate, (3.037) [rac-2-(4-bromo-7-fluoro-indol-l-yl)-l-methyl-propyl] (2S)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4- methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoate, (3.038) [rac-2-(7-bromo-4-fluoro-indol-l-yl)-l-methyl- propyl] (2S)-2-[(3-acetoxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoate, (3.039) [rac-2-(7- bromoindol-l-yl)-l-methyl-propyl] (2S)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoate, (3.040) [rac-2-(3 ,5 -dichloro-2-pyridyl)- 1 -methyl-propyl] (2 S)-2- [(3 -hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2- carbonyl)amino]propanoate, (3.041) [( 1 S)- 1 - [ 1 -( 1 -naphthyl)cyclopropyl] ethyl] (2S)-2- [(3 -acetoxy-4- methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoate, (3.042) [( 1 S)- 1 -[ 1 -( 1 -naphthyl)cyclopropyl] ethyl] (2S)-2- [(3 -hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoate, (3.043) [( 1 S)- 1 -[ 1 -( 1 -naphthyl)cyclo- propyl]ethyl] (2S)-2-[[3-(acetoxymethoxy)-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino]propanoate, (3.044) [2- [[( 1 S) -2 - [( 1 RS,2SR)-2-(3,5 -dichloro-2-pyridyl)- 1 -methyl-propoxy] - 1 -methyl-2-oxo-ethyl]carbamoyl] -4- methoxy-3-pyridyl]oxymethyl 2-methylpropanoate, (3.045) N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3- formamido-2 -hydroxybenzamide .
4) Inhibitors ofthe mitosis and cell division, for example (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) fluopimomide, (4.006) metrafenone, (4.007) pencycuron, (4.008) pyridachlometyl, (4.009) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (4.010) thiabendazole, (4.011) thiophanate-methyl, (4.012) zoxamide, (4.013) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.014)
3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.015) 4-(2-bromo-4- fhiorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)- 1 ,3 -dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.016) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro- phenyl)-N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.017) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro- phenyl)-N-(2-bromophenyl)-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.018) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2- chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.019) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2- chlorophenyl)-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.020) 4-(2-bromo-4-fhiorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)- l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.021) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-l,3-di- methyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.022) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)- 1,3 -dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.023) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)- 1,3-dimethyl- 1H- pyrazol-5 -amine, (4.024) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5- amine, (4.025) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (4.026) N-(2-bromo-6- fluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.027) N-(2-bromophenyl)- 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.028) N-(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)-4- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine.
5) Compounds capable to have a multisite action, for example (5.001) bordeaux mixture, (5.002) captafol, (5.003) captan, (5.004) chlorothalonil, (5.005) copper hydroxide, (5.006) copper naphthenate, (5.007) copper oxide, (5.008) copper oxychloride, (5.009) copper(2+) sulfate, (5.010) dithianon, (5.011) dodine, (5.012) folpet, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.014) maneb, (5.015) metiram, (5.016) metiram zinc, (5.017) oxine-copper, (5.018) propineb, (5.019) sulfur and sulfur preparations including calcium polysulfide, (5.020) thiram, (5.021) zineb, (5.022) ziram, (5.023) 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3',4':5,6][l,4]dithiino[2,3- c] [ l,2]thiazole-3 -carbonitrile.
6) Compounds capable to induce a host defence, for example (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) fosetyl- aluminium, (6.003) fosetyl-calcium, (6.004) fosetyl-sodium, (6.005) isotianil, (6.006) phosphorous acid and its salts, (6.007) probenazole, (6.008) tiadinil.
7) Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis, for example (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil
8) Inhibitors of the ATP production, for example (8.001) silthiofam.
9) Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis, for example (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4- tert-butylphenyl)-3 -(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)- 1 -(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en- 1 -one.
10) Inhibitors of the lipid synthesis ortransport, ormembrane synthesis, for example (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (10.004) propamocarb, (10.005) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.006) propamocarb-fosetylate, (10.007) tolclofos-methyl, (10.008) l-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difhrorophenyl)- 4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol- 1-yl] ethanone, (10.009) l-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difhiorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2- yl}piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone, (10.010) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoro- methyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-[4-(4-{5-[2-(prop-2-yn-l-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl}-l,3- thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-l-yl]ethanone, (10.011) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-[4-(4-{5-[2- chloro-6-(prop-2-yn- 1 -yloxy)phenyl] -4,5 -dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3 -yl } - 1 ,3 -thiazol-2-yl)piperidin- 1 - yl]ethanone, (10.012) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn-l- yloxy)phenyl] -4,5 -dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3 -yl } - 1 ,3 -thiazol-2-yl)piperidin- 1 -yl] ethanone, (10.013) 2- { (5 R)-3 - [2-(l-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-l,2- oxazol-5-yl} -3 -chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (10.014) 2-{(5S)-3-[2-(l-{[3,5-bis(difhioromethyl)-lH- pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (10.015) 2-{3-[2-(l-{[3,5-bis(difhioromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol- 4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-5-yl}phenyl methanesulfonate, (10.016) 3-[2-(l-{[5-methyl-3-
(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol-4-yl]-l,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin- 6-yl methanesulfonate, (10.017) 9-fhioro-3-[2-(l-{[5-methyl-3-(trifhioromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l- yl] acetyl } piperidin-4-yl)- 1 ,3 -thiazol-4-yl] - 1 ,5 -dihydro-2, 4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate, (10.018) 3-[2-(l-{[3,5-bis(difhioromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol-4-yl]-l,5-dihydro-2,4- benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate, (10.019) 3-[2-(l-{[3,5-bis(difhioromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l- yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l, 3-thiazol-4-yl]-9-fluoro-l, 5 -dihydro-2, 4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate.
11) Inhibitors of the melanin biosynthesis, for example (11.001) tolprocarb, (11.002) tricyclazole.
12) Inhibitors ofthe nucleic acid synthesis, for example (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam).
13) Inhibitors of the signal transduction, for example (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin.
14) Compounds capable to act as an uncoupler, for example (14.001) fluazinam, (14.002) meptyldinocap.
15) Further compounds, for example (15.001) abscisic acid, (15.002) aminopyrifen, (15.003) benthiazole,
(15.004) bethoxazin, (15.005) capsimycin, (15.006) carvone, (15.007) chinomethionat, (15.008) chloroinconazide, (15.009) cufraneb, (15.010) cyflufenamid, (15.011) cymoxanil, (15.012) cyprosulfamide, (15.013) dipymetitrone, (15.014) D-tagatose, (15.015) flufenoxadiazam, (15.016) fhimetylsulforim, (15.017) flutianil, (15.018) ipflufenoquin, (15.019) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.020) mildiomycin, (15.021) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.022) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.023) oxyfenthiin, (15.024) pentachlorophenol and salts, (15.025) picarbutrazox, (15.026) quinofumelin, (15.027) tebufloquin, (15.028) tecloftalam, (15.029) tolnifanide, (15.030) 2-(6-benzylpyridin-2-yl)quinazoline, (15.031) 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5- methylpyridin-2-yl]quinazoline, (15.032) 2-phenylphenol and salts, (15.033) 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2- ol (tautomeric form: 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2(lH)-one), (15.034) 4-oxo-4-[(2-phenyl- ethyl)amino]butanoic acid, (15.035) 5-amino-l,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.036) 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'- (prop-2-yn- 1 -yl)thiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide, (15.037) 5 -fluoro-2- [(4-fhiorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4- amine, (15.038) 5-fhioro-2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.039) but-3-yn-l-yl {6-[({[(Z)-(l- methyl- lH-tetrazol-5 -yl)(phenyl)methylene] amino } oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl } carbamate, ( 15.040) ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3 -phenylacrylate, (15.041) methyl 2-[acetyl-[2-ethylsulfonyl-4-(trifluoro- methyl)benzoyl]amino]-5-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoate, (15.042) N-acetyl-N-[2-bromo-4-(trifluoro- methoxy)phenyl]-2-ethylsulfonyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, (15.043) phenazine- 1 -carboxylic acid, (15.044) propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, (15.045) quinolin-8-ol, (15.046) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2: 1), (15.047) (2R)-2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide, (15.048) (2S)-2- benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide, (15.049) l-(4,5-dimethyl-lH-benzimi- dazol-l-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.050) l-(4,5-dimethylbenzimidazol-l-yl)- 4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-isoquinoline, (15.051) l-(5-(fluoromethyl)-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-
3.3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.052) l-(5,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinoline, (15.053) l-(6-(difluoromethyl)-5-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-
3.4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.054) l-(6-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-
3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.055) l-(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl- isoquinoline, ( 15.056) 1 -(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[ 1 ,5 -a]pyridin-3 -yl)-4,4-difluoro-3 ,3 -dimethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinoline, (15.057) 2-{2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)oxy]phenyl}propan-2-ol, (15.058) 3-(4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinoline, (15.059) 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3- dimethyl-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 -yl)-8-fluoroquinoline, (15.060) 3-(4,4-difluoro-5 ,5 -dimethyl-4,5 - dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)quinoline, (15.061) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroiso- quinolin- 1 -yl)quinoline, ( 15.062) 4,4-difluoro-3 ,3-dimethyl- 1 -(4-methylbenzimidazol- 1 -yl)isoquinoline, (15.063) 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-l-(6-methylpyrazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)isoquinoline, (15.064) 5-bromo- l-(5,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.065) 7,8-difhioro-N-[rac-l-benzyl- l,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.066) 8-fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3, 3,4, 4-tetramethyl-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- l-yl)-quinoline, (15.067) 8-fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)- quinoline, (15.068) 8-fluoro-N-(4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-l-phenylbutan-2-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.069) 8-fluoro-N-[(lR)-l-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-l,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide,
( 15.070) 8-fluoro-N-[( 1 S)-l -[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]- 1 ,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide,
(15.071) 8-fluoro-N-[(2S)-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-l-phenylbutan-2-yl]quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.072) 8-fluoro-N-[rac-l-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-l,3-dimethyl-butyl]quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.073) 9- fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5 -(quinolin-3 -yl)-2, 3 -dihydro- 1 ,4-benzoxazepine, ( 15.074) N-(2,4-dimethyl- 1 - phenylpentan-2-yl)-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.075) N-[(lR)-l-benzyl-l,3-dimethyl-butyl]-7,8- difhioro-quinoline-3 -carboxamide, ( 15.076) N-[( 1 S)- 1 -benzyl- 1 ,3 -dimethyl -butyl] -7,8-difluoro-quinoline-3- carboxamide, (15.077) N-[(2R)-2,4-dimethyl-l-phenylpentan-2-yl]-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.078) rac-2-benzyl-N-(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanamide, (15.079) 1,1 -diethyl-3 - [[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.080) l,3-dimethoxy-l-[[4-[5-(tri- fluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3 -yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.081) 1 -[[3-fluoro-4-(5 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]methyl]azepan-2-one, (15.082) l-[[4-[5-(trifhioromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.083) l-methoxy-l-methyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.084) l-methoxy-3-methyl-l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.085) l-methoxy-3-methyl-l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.086) 2-(difluoromethyl)-5-[2-[ 1 -(2,6-difluorophenyl)cyclopropoxy]pyrimidin-5- yl]-l,3,4-oxadiazole, (15.087) 2,2-difluoro-N-methyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]acetamide, (15.088) 3,3-dimethyl-l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.089) 3-ethyl-l-methoxy-l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.090) 4,4-dimethyl-l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one, (15.091) 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one, ( 15.092) 4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)- l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl dimethylcarbamate, (15.093) 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazo- lidin-3 -one, ( 15.094) 5 -[5 -(difluoromethyl)- 1 ,3 ,4-oxadiazol-2-yl] -N-[( 1R)- 1 -(2,6-difluorophenyl)ethyl]pyri- midin-2 -amine, (15.095) 5-[5-(difluoromethyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[(lR)-l-(2,6-difluorophenyl)pro- pyl]pyrimidin-2 -amine, (15.096) 5-[5-(difluoromethyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[(lR)-l-(2-fluoro- phenyl)ethyl]pyrimidin-2 -amine, (15.097) 5-[5-(difluoromethyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[(lR)-l-(2- fluorophenyl)ethyl]pyrimidin-2-amine, (15.098) 5-[5-(difluoromethyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[(lR)-l- (3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]pyrimidin-2-amine, (15.099) 5-[5-(difluoromethyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N- [(lR)-l-phenylethyl]pyrimidin-2-amine, (15.100) 5-[5-(difluoromethyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-[l-(2- fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]pyrimidin-2 -amine, (15.101) 5-methyl- 1 - [ [4- [5 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one, (15.102) ethyl l-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxylate, (15.103) methyl {4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}carba- mate, (15.104) N-( 1 -methylcyclopropyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.105) N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-[5 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3 -yl]benzamide, (15.106) N,2-dimethoxy-N- [[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.107) N,N-dimethyl-l-{4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-amine, (15.108) N-[(E)-methoxyimino- methyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.109) N-[(E)-N-methoxy-C-methyl- carbonimidoyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.110) N-[(Z)-methoxyimino- methyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.111) N-[(Z)-N-methoxy-C-methyl- carbonimidoyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.112) N-[[2,3-difluoro-4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-propanamide, (15.113) N-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.114) N-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-
1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.115) N-{2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-
1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}butanamide, (15.116) N-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]benzyl}cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.117) N-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl}propanamide, (15.118) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]acetamide, (15.119) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.120) N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.121) N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.122) N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]benzamide, ( 15.123) N-methyl-4-[5 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3 -yl]benzenecarbothioamide, (15.124) N-methyl-N-phenyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide.
All named mixing partners of the classes (1) to (15) as described here above can be present in the form of the free compound or, if their functional groups enable this, an agrochemically active salt thereof.
The compound and the composition of the invention may also be combined with one or more biological control agents.
As used herein, the term ’’biological control” is defined as control of harmful organisms such as phytopathogenic fungi and/or insects and/or acarids and/or nematodes by the use or employment of a biological control agent.
As used herein, the term “biological control agent” is defined as an organism other than the harmful organisms and / or proteins or secondary metabolites produced by such an organism for the purpose of biological control. Mutants of the second organism shall be included within the definition of the biological control agent. The term “mutant” refers to a variant of the parental strain as well as methods for obtaining a mutant or variant in which the pesticidal activity is greater than that expressed by the parental strain. The ’’parent strain“ is defined herein as the original strain before mutagenesis. To obtain such mutants the parental strain may be treated with a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art. Known mechanisms of biological control agents comprise enteric bacteria that control root rot by out-competing fungi for space on the surface of the root. Bacterial toxins, such as antibiotics, have been used to control pathogens. The toxin can be isolated and applied directly to the plant or the bacterial species may be administered so it produces the toxin in situ.
A ’’variant” is a strain having all the identifying characteristics of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers as indicated in this text and can be identified as having a genome that hybridizes under conditions of high stringency to the genome of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers.
“Hybridization” refers to a reaction in which one or more polynucleotides react to form a complex that is stabilized via hydrogen bonding between the bases of the nucleotide residues. The hydrogen bonding may occur by Watson-Crick base pairing, Hoogstein binding, or in any other sequence-specific manner. The complex may comprise two strands forming a duplex structure, three or more strands forming a multistranded complex, a single self-hybridizing strand, or any combination of these. Hybridization reactions can be performed under conditions of different “stringency”. In general, a low stringency hybridization reaction is carried out at about 40 °C in 10 X SSC or a solution of equivalent ionic strength/temperature. A moderate stringency hybridization is typically performed at about 50 °C in 6 X SSC, and a high stringency hybridization reaction is generally performed at about 60 °C in 1 X SSC.
A variant of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number may also be defined as a strain having a genomic sequence that is greater than 85%, more preferably greater than 90% or more preferably greater than 95% sequence identity to the genome of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number. A polynucleotide or polynucleotide region (or a polypeptide or polypeptide region) has a certain percentage (for example, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%) of “sequence identity” to another sequence means that, when aligned, that percentage of bases (or amino acids) are the same in comparing the two sequences. This alignment and the percent homology or sequence identity can be determined using software programs known in the art, for example, those described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (F. M. Ausubel et al., eds., 1987).
NRRL is the abbreviation for the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North university Street, Peroira, Illinois 61604 USA.
ATCC is the abbreviation for the American Type Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address ATCC Patent Depository, 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 10110 USA.
Examples of biological control agents which may be combined with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
(A) Antibacterial agents selected from the group of:
(Al) bacteria, such as (A1.01) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE® OPTI, SERENADE® ASO or MINUET™ from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661, U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (A1.02) Bacillus sp., in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKEL® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), having Accession No. FERM BP-8234, U.S. Patent No. 7,094,592; (A1.03) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No. 50185 (available as part of the CARTISSA® product from BASF, EPA Reg. No. 71840-19); (A1.04) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5)); (A1.05) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972 or Accession No. NRRL B- 67129, WO 2016/154297; (A1.06) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (A 1.07) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (Al.08) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (Al.09) Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.); (Al.10) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena); (Al.11) Pantoea agglomerans, in particular strain E325 (Accession No. NRRL B-21856) (available as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICAL™ FD BIOPESTICIDE from Northwest Agri Products); and
(A2) fungi, such as (A2.01) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941 ormixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR® and BLOSSOM PROTECT®from bio-ferm, CH); (A2.02) Pseudozyma aphidis (as disclosed in WO2011/151819 by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem); (A2.03) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strains CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. I- 3937, CNCM No. 1-3938 or CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR;
(B) biological fungicides selected from the group of:
(Bl) bacteria, for example (Bl.01) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (Bl.02) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having Accession No. NRRL B- 30087 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,245,551); (Bl.03) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (available as Yield Shield® from Bayer AG, DE); (Bl.04) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No. 50185 (available as part of the CARTISSA product from BASF, EPA Reg. No. 71840-19); (B1.05) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , in particular strain D747 (available as Double Nickel™ from from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., having accession number FERM BP-8234, US Patent No. 7,094,592); (B1.06) Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.07) Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600 (available as SUBTILEX from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061,495; (B1.08) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as Kodiak® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.09) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5)); (B1.10) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J , having Accession No. B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI® or WG and LifeGard™ from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); (BL 11) Bacillus licheniformis, in particular strain SB3086 , having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003/000051 (available as ECOGUARD® Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAF™ from Novozymes); (Bl.12) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972 or Accession No. NRRL B- 67129, WO 2016/154297; (Bl.13) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (B 1.14) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (Bl.15) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBH 10) (NRRL Accession No. B-50768; WO 2014/028521) (STARGUS® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (B 1.16) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No. DSM 23117 (available as RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE); (B 1.17) Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (Bl.18) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (Bl.19) Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp. plantarum (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B1.20) Paenibacillus epiphyticus (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (Bl.21) Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, having Accession No. NRRL B-50897, WO 2017/019448 (e.g., HOWLER™ and ZIO® from AgBiome Innovations, US); (Bl.22) Pseudomonas chlororaphis, in particular strain MA342 (e.g. CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® by Bioagri and Koppert); (Bl.23) Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US) (ACTINO-IRON® and ACTINOVATE® from Novozymes); (B1.24) Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (e.g. GALLTROL-A® from AgBioChem, CA); (Bl.25) Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026 (e.g. NOGALL™ from BASF SE); (Bl.26) Bacillus subtilis KTSB strain (FOLIACTIVE® from Donaghys); (Bl.27) Bacillus subtilis IAB/BS03 (AVIV™ from STK Bio-Ag Technologies); (Bl.28) Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (Bl.29) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate B246 (e.g. AVOGREEN™ from University of Pretoria); (Bl.30) Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BAC-9912 (from Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Applied Ecology); (B 1.31) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena); (Bl.32) Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 (also known as Streptomyces galbus strain K61) (Accession No. DSM 7206) (MYCOSTOP® from Verdera; PREFENCE® from BioWorks; cf. Crop Protection 2006, 25,
Figure imgf000037_0001
strain A506 (e.g. BLIGHTBAN® A506 by NuFarm); and
(B2) fungi, for example: (B2.01) Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660; e.g. Contans ® from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (B2.02) Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752; (f3TQ3>) Microsphaeropsis ochracea,' (B2.04) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SCI (having Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009/116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431,120 (from Bi-PA)), strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol) or strain LU132 (e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited); (B2.05) Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert) or strain Cepa Simb-T5 (from Simbiose Agro); (B2.06) Gliocladium roseum (also known as Clonostachys rosea f. rosea), in particular strain 321U from Adjuvants Plus, strain ACM941 as disclosed in Xue (Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root tot complex of field pea, Can Jour Plant Sci 83(3): 519-524), or strain IK726 (Jensen DF, et al. Development of a biocontrol agent for plant disease control with special emphasis on the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachys rosea strain ‘IK726’; Australas Plant Pathol. 2007;36:95-101); (B2.07) Talaromyces flavus, strain VI 17b; (B2.08) Trichoderma viride, in particular strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137); (B2.09) Trichoderma asperellum, in particular strain SKT-1, having Accession No. FERM P-16510 (e.g. ECO-HOPE® from Kumiai Chemical Industry), strain T34 (e.g. T34 Biocontrol by Biocontrol Technologies S.L., ES) or strain ICC 012 from Isagro; (B2.10) Trichoderma atroviride, strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g. Esquive® WP from Agrauxine, FR); (B2.l l) Trichoderma atroviride, strain no. V08/002387; (B2.12) Trichoderma atroviride, strain NMI no. V08/002388; (B2.13) Trichoderma atroviride, strain NMI no. V08/002389; (B2.14) Trichoderma atroviride, strain NMI no. V08/002390; (B2.15) Trichoderma atroviride, strain LC52 (e.g. Tenet by Agrimm Technologies Limited); (B2.16) Trichoderma atroviride, strain ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040); (B2.17) Trichoderma atroviride, strain Ti l (IMI352941/ CECT20498); (B2.18) Trichoderma harmaturrr, (B2.19) Trichoderma harzianum,' (B2.20) Trichoderma harzianum rifai T39 (e.g. Trichodex® from Makhteshim, US); (B2.21) Trichoderma asperellum, in particular, strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (B2.22) Trichoderma harzianum, strain ITEM 908 (e.g. Trianum-P from Koppert); (B2.23) Trichoderma harzianum, strain TH35 (e.g. Root-Pro by Mycontrol); (B2.24) Trichoderma virens (also known as Gliocladium Virens)' , in particular strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard by Certis, US); (B2.25) Trichoderma viride, strain TVl(e.g. Trianum-P by Koppert); (B2.26) Ampelomyces quisqualis, in particular strain AQ 10 (e.g. AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia); (B2.27) Aureohasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940; (B2.28) Aureohasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM 14941; (B2.29) Aureohasidium pullulans, in particular mixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM 14941 (e.g. Botector® by bio-ferm, CH); (B2.30) Cladosporium cladosporioides, strain H39, having Accession No. CBS122244, US 2010/0291039 (by Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek); (B2.31) Gliocladium catenulatum (Synonym: Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate) strain J1446 (e.g. Prestop ® by Lallemand); (B2.32) Lecanicillium lecanii (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii) conidia of strain KV01 (e.g. Vertalec® by Koppert/Arysta); (B2.33) Penicillium vermiculatunr, (B2.34) Pichia anomala, strain WRL-076 (NRRL Y-30842), U.S. Patent No. 7,579,183; (B2.35) Trichoderma atroviride, strain SKT-1 (FERM P-16510), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A; (B2.36) Trichoderma atroviride, strain SKT-2 (FERM P- 16511), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A; (B2.37) Trichoderma atroviride, strain SKT-3 (FERM P-17021), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A; (B2.38) Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride), strain ICC080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI, e.g. BioDerma by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.); (B2.39) Trichoderma harzianum, strain DB 103 (available as T-GRO® 7456 by Dagutat Biolab); (B2.40) Trichoderma polysporum, strain IMI 206039 (e.g. Binab TF WP by BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden); (B2.41) Trichoderma stromaticum, having Accession No. Ts3550 (e.g. Tricovab by CEPLAC, Brazil); (B2.42) Ulocladium oudemansii strain U3, having Accession No. NM 99/06216 (e.g., BOTRY- ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.f (B2.43) Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae). strain WCS850 having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® by Tree Care Innovations); (B2.44) Verticillium chlamydosporiurm, (B2.45) mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No. CABI CC IMI 392716 and Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080, having Accession No. IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAM™ from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V .); (B2.46) Trichoderma asperelloides IM41R (Accession No. NRRL B-50759) (TRICHO PLUS® from BASF SE); (B2.47) Aspergillus lavus strain NRRL 21882 (products known as AFLA-GU ARD® from Syngenta/ChemChina); (B2.48) Chaetomium cupreum (Accession No. CABI 353812) (e.g. BIOKUPRUM™ by AgriLife); (B2.49) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strain LASO2 (from Agro-Levures et Derives), strain LAS 117 cell walls (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre; ROMEO® from BASF SE), strains CNCM No. I- 3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938, CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR; (B2.50) Trichoderma virens strain G-41, formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No. ATCC 20906) (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US); (B2.51) Trichoderma hamatum, having Accession No. ATCC 28012; (B2.52) Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10, having Accession No. CNCM I-807 (e.g., AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia); (B2.53) Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA 1992 (ROTSTOP® C from Danstar Ferment); (B2.54) Penicillium steckii (DSM 27859; WO 2015/067800) from BASF SE; (B2.55) Chaetomium globosum (available as RIVADIOM® by Rivale); (B2.56) Cryptococcus flavescens, strain 3C (NRRL Y-50378); (B2.57) Dactylaria Candida,' (B2.58) Dilophosphora alopecuri (available as TWIST FUNGUS®); (B2.59) Fusarium oxysporum, strain Fo47 (available as FUSACLEAN® by Natural Plant Protection); (B2.60) Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available as SPORODEX® L by Plant Products Co., CA); (B2.61) Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride), strain ICC 080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI) (available as BIODERMA® by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.); (B2.62) Trichoderma fertile (e.g. product TrichoPlus from BASF); (B2.63) Muscodor roseus, in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548); (B2.64) Simplicillium lanosoniveunr,
(C) biological control agents having an effect for improving plant growth and/or plant health which may be combined in the compound combinations according to the invention including
(Cl) bacteria selected from the group consisting of (C 1.01) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (having Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087); (Cl.02) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US); (Cl.03) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain AQ30002 (having Accession Nos. NRRL B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); (Cl.04) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain AQ30004 (and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); (C.1.05) Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN® GOLD from Bayer CropScience); (C.1.06) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS® from BASF SE); (C1.07) Bacillus subtilis rm303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofilm Crop Protection); (C1.08) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI- PEPTA® from Biofdm Crop Protection); (C1.09) Bacillus mycoides BT155 (NRRL No. B-50921), (C.1.10) Bacillus mycoides EE118 (NRRL No. B-50918), (Cl.l 1) Bacillus mycoides EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916), (C1.12) Bacillus mycoides BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922), (Cl .13) Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B-50917), (C1.14) Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No. B-50924) also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7, (CL 15) Bacillus cereus family member EE349 (NRRL No. B- 50928), (C1.16) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3281 (ATCC # PTA-7542; WO 2017/205258), (C1.17) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (available as QUIKROOTS® from Novozymes); (CL 18) Bacillus firmus, in particular strain CNMC 1-1582 (e.g. VOTIVO® from BASF SE); (CL 19) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (e.g. YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer Crop Science, DE); (C1.20) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain IN937a; (C1.21) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain FZB42 (e.g. RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE); (C1.22) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS27 (Accession No. NRRL B-5015); (C1.23) a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (C1.24) Bacillus cereus, in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675; e.g. MEPICHLOR® from Arysta Lifescience, US); (C1.25) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain MBI 600 (e.g. SUBTILEX® from BASF SE); (C1.26) Bradyrhizobium japonicum (e.g. OPTIMIZE® from Novozymes); (C1.27) Mesorhizobium cicer (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE); (C1.28) Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE); (C1.29) Delftia acidovorans, in particular strain RAY209 (e.g. BIOBOOST® from Brett Young Seeds); (Cl .30) Lactobacillus sp . (e.g. LACTOPLANT® from LactoPAFI);
Figure imgf000040_0001
polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.); (C1.32) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena); (C1.33) Azospirillum brasilense (e.g., VIGOR® from KALO, Inc.); (C1.34) Azospirillum lipoferum (e.g., VERTEX-IF™ from TerraMax, Inc.); (C1.35) a mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum (available as INVIGORATE® from Agrinos); (C1.36) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular strain PN1; (C1.37) Rhizobium leguminosarum, in particular bv. viceae strain Z25 (Accession No. CECT 4585); (C1.38) Azorhizobium caulinodans, in particular strain ZB-SK-5; (C1.39) Azotobacter chroococcum, in particular strain H23; (C1.40) Azotobacter vinelandii, in particular strain ATCC 12837; (C1.41) Bacillus siamensis, in particular strain KCTC 13613T; (C1.42) Bacillus tequilensis, in particular strain NII-0943; (C1.43) Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708); (C1.44) Thiobacillus sp. (e.g. CROPAID® from Cropaid Ltd UK); and (C2) fungi selected from the group consisting of (C2.01) Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550; e.g. BioAct from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (C2.02) Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348 (e.g. JumpStart® from Acceleron BioAg), (C2.03) Talciromyces flavus, strain VI 17b; (C2.04) Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g. Esquive® WP from Agrauxine, FR), (C2.05) Trichoderma viride, e.g. strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137); (C2.06) Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132; e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited); (C2.07) Trichoderma atroviride strain SCI described in International Application No. PCT/IT2008/000196); (C2.08) Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (C2.09) Trichoderma asperellum strain Eco-T (Plant Health Products, ZA); (C2.10) Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert); (C2.11) Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g. DiTera™ from Valent Biosciences); (C2.12) Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851; (C2.13) Pythium oligandrum strain Ml (ATCC 38472; e.g. Polyversum from Bioprepraty, CZ); (C2.14) Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard® from Certis, USA); (C2.15) Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae) strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92; e.g. Dutch Trig from Tree Care Innovations); (C2.16) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain no. V08/002387, strain no. NMI No. V08/002388, strain no. NMI No. V08/002389, strain no. NMI No. V08/002390; (C2.17) Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908; (C2.18) Trichoderma harzianum, strain TSTh20; (C2.19) Trichoderma harzianum strain 1295-22; (C2.20) Pythium oligandrum strain DV74; (C2.21) Rhizopogon amylopogon (e.g. comprised in Myco-Sol from Helena Chemical Company); (C2.22) Rhizopogon fulvigleba (e.g. comprised in Myco-Sol from Helena Chemical Company); and (C2.23) Trichoderma virens strain GI-3;
(D) insecticidally active biological control agents selected from
(DI) bacteria selected from the group consisting of (DI.01) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372; e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences); (DI.02) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J. (e.g. BmJ from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); (DI.03) Bacillus sphaericus, in particular Serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (strain ABTS-1743) (e.g. VECTOLEX® from Valent BioSciences, US); (DI.04) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP 123 from Becker Microbial Products, IL; (DI.05) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular serotype H-7 (e.g. FLORBAC® WG from Valent BioSciences, US); (DI.06) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 (e.g. DIPEL® ES from Valent BioSciences, US); (DI.07) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP 123 by Becker Microbial Products, IL; (DI.08) Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis strain BMP 144 (e.g. AQUABAC® by Becker Microbial Products IL); (DI.09) Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia rinojensis strain MBI 305) (Accession No. NRRL B- 50319; WO 2011/106491 and WO 2013/032693; e.g. MBI-206 TGAI and ZELTO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (DI.10) Chromobacterium subtsugae, in particular strain PRAA4-1T (MBI-203; e.g. GRANDEVO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (DI. 11) Paenibcicillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae; e.g. MILKY SPORE POWDER™ and MILKY SPORE GRANULAR™ from St. Gabriel Laboratories); (DI.12) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276) (e.g. VECTOBAC® by Valent BioSciences, US); (DI.13) Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain EVB- 113-19 (e.g., BIOPROTEC® from AEF Global); (DI.14) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428; e.g. NOVODOR® FC from BioFa DE); (DI.15) Bacillus thuringiensis var. japonensis strain Buibui; (DI.16) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ABTS 351; (DI. 17) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain PB 54; (DI. 18) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 11; (DI.19) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 12; (DI.20) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 2348; (DI.21) Bacillus thuringiensis var. Colmeri (e.g. TIANBAOBTC by Changzhou Jianghai Chemical Factory); (D 1.22) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain GC-91; (DI.23) Serratia entomophila (e.g. INVADE® by Wrightson Seeds); (DI.24) Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708); and (D 1.25) Wolbachia pipientis ZAP strain (e.g., ZAP MALES® from MosquitoMate); and
(D2) fungi selected from the group consisting of (D2.01) Isaria fumosorosea (previously known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strain apopka 97; (D2.02) Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 (e.g. NATURALIS® from Intrachem Bio Italia); (D2.03) Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (Accession No. ATCC74250; e.g. BOTANIGUARD® ES and MYCONTROL-O® from Laverlam International Corporation); (D2.04) Zoophtora radicans,' (D2.05) Metarhizium robertsii 15013-1 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67073), (D2.06) Metarhizium robertsii 23013-3 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67075), and (D2.07) Metarhizium anisopliae 3213-1 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67074) (WO 2017/066094; Pioneer Hi-Bred International); (D2.08) Beauveria bassiana strain ATP02 (Accession No. DSM 24665);
(E) viruses selected from the group consisting of Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis virus (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, and Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV;
(F) bacteria and fungi which can be added as 'inoculant' to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health. Examples are: Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Suillus spp., and Streptomyces spp.; and (G) plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which can be used as biological control agents, such as Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, azadirachtin, Biokeeper WP, Cassia nigricans, Celastrus angulatus, Chenopodium anthelminticum, chitin, Armour-Zen, Dryopteris filix-mas, Equisetum arvense, Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), Pyrethrum/Pyrethrins, Quassia amara, Quercus, Quillaja, Regalia, "Requiem ™ Insecticide", rotenone, /w/r/Z ryanodine. Symphytum officinale, Tanacetum vulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, Veratrin, Viscum album, Brassicaceae extract, in particular oilseed rape powder or mustard powder, as well as bioinsecticidal / acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLiPPER®.
Preferably, Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.013) imazalil, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfen- trifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.022) prochloraz, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (1.028) tetraconazole, (1.031) triticonazole, (1.067) methyl 2- [2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propanoate, (2.001) benzovindi- flupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) cyclobutrifhiram, (2.007) fluindapyr, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.009) flutolanil, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.012) inpyrfluxam, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.015) isopyrazam, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.020) pyraziflumid, (2.021) sedaxane, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.011) fenpicoxamid, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.014) flu- oxastrobin, (3.021) picoxystrobin, (3.022) pyraclostrobin, (3.025) trifloxystrobin, (4.001) carbendazim, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.007) pencycuron, (4.009) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (4.011) thiophanate-methyl, (5.003) captan, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.020) thiram, (6.007) probenazole, (7.005) pyrimethanil, (8.001) silthiofam, (9.002) dimethomorph, (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (10.007) tolclofos-methyl (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (14.001) fluazinam, (15.025) picarbutrazox, (15.026) quinofumelin, (Al.01) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661, U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051), (G) plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which can be used as biological control agents, such as Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), (Group N-UNB) Bacterial agents (non-/h) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium -derived, selected from Pasteuria spp., e.g. penetrans or nishizawae, Sla) compounds of the dichlorophenylpyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid type (Sla), preferably compounds such as (Sl-1) ("mefenpyr-diethyl"), biostimulants such as fulvic acids, myoinositol, and/or glycine, protein hydrolysates and amino-acids both from animal BAYFOLAN AMBITION & BAYFOLAN cobre, SICIT, Italy), one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P. bilaiae ATCC 22348, P. bilaiae NRRL 50162,P. Zhtoae NRRL 5 169. /'. Zn/azae NRRL 50776, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50779, P. bilaiae NRRL 50780, P. bilaiae NRRL 50781, P. bilaiae NRRL 50782, P. bilaiae NRRL 50783, P. bilaiae NRRL 50784, P. bilaiae NRRL 50785, P. bilaiae NRRL 50786, P. bilaiae NRRL 50787, P. bilaiae NRRL 50788, P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1, LCOs such as OPTIMIZE® (commercially available from Bayer Company) contains a culture of Bradyrhizobium japonicum that produces LCO.
More preferably, Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.013) imazalil, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (1.028) tetraconazole, (1.031) triticonazole, (1.067) methyl 2-[2- chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl] -2-hydroxy-3 -( 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)propanoate, (2.001) benzovindiflu- pyr, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) cyclobutrifluram, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.009) flutolanil, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.015) isopyrazam, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.021) sedaxane, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.021) picoxystrobin, (3.022) pyraclostrobin, (3.025) trifloxystrobin, (4.001) carbendazim, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.007) pencycuron, (4.009) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (4.011) thiophanate-methyl, (5.003) captan, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.020) thiram, (6.007) probenazole, (7.005) pyrimethanil, (8.001) silthiofam, (9.002) dimethomorph, (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (14.001) fluazinam, (15.025) picarbutrazox, (Al. QI) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL AccessionNo. B21661, U.S. PatentNo. 6,060,051), (Group N-UNB) Bacterial agents (nonPt) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium-derived, selected from Pasteuria spp., e.g. penetrans or nishizawae, biostimulants such aa fulvic acids, myo-inositol, and/or glycine, protein hydrolysates and amino-acids both from animal BAYFOLAN AMBITION & BAYFOLAN cobre, SICIT, Italy), one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P. bilaiae ATCC 22348, P. bilaiae NRRL 50162, P. bilaiae NRRL 50169, . bilaiae NRRL 50776. /'. bilaiae NRRL 50777, . bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50779, P. bilaiae NRRL 50780, P. bilaiae NRRL 50781, P. bilaiae NRRL 50782, P. bilaiae NRRL 50783, P. bilaiae NRRL 50784, P. bilaiae NRRL 50785, P. bilaiae NRRL 50786, P. bilaiae NRRL 50787, P. bilaiae NRRL 50788, P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1.
Even more preferably, Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (2.004) carboxin, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.015) isopyrazam, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.021) sedaxane, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.025) trifloxystrobin, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.007) pencycuron, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.020) thiram, (7.005) pyrimethanil, (8.001) silthiofam, (9.002) dimethomorph, (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), (13.001) fludioxonil, (14.001) fluazinam, (15.025) picarbutrazox, (Al.01) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661, U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051), (Group N-UNB) Bacterial agents (non-/L) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium -derived, selected from Pasteuria spp., e.g. penetrans or nishizawae, one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P. bilaiae ATCC 22348, P. bilaiae NRRL 50162, P. /v/< 7 NRRL 50169. P. bilaiae NRRL 50776, P. Zu/azae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778. /'. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50779, P. bilaiae NRRL 50780, P. bilaiae NRRL 50781, P. bilaiae NRRL 50782, P. bilaiae NRRL 50783, P. bilaiae NRRL 50784, P. bilaiae NRRL 50785, P. bilaiae NRRL 50786, P. bilaiae NRRL 50787, P. bilaiae NRRL 50788, P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1.
Still even more preferably, Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.021) sedaxane, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.025) trifloxystrobin, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.007) pencycuron, (5.020) thiram, (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), (13.001) fludioxonil, (15.025) picarbutrazox, (A1.01) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661, U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051).
In combinations Isotianil and further active ingredients can be present in a broad range of effective weight ratio for example from 1000: 1 to 1: 10000, more preferably from 1000: 1 to 1: 1000, more preferably from 100: 1 to 1: 100, such as from 50: 1 to 1:50, from 1:20 to 20: 1 or from 10: 1 to 1: 10.
The compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more active ingredients selected from insecticides, acaricides and nematicides.
“Insecticides” as well as the term “insecticidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term “insects” comprises all organisms in the class “Insecta”. “Nematicide” and “nematicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes. In general, the term “nematode” comprises eggs, larvae, juvenile and mature forms of said organism.
“Acaricide” and “acaricidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnida, sub-class Acari.
Examples of insecticides, acaricides and nematicides, respectively, which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
(1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, preferably carbamates selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb, or organophosphates selected from acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon and vamidothion.
(2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, preferably cyclodiene-organochlorines selected from chlordane and endosulfan, or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) selected from ethiprole and fipronil.
(3) Sodium channel modulators, preferably pyrethroids selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer, biore smethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(lR)-isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(lR)-trans-isomer], prallethrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R)- isomer)], tralomethrin and transfluthrin, or DDT or methoxychlor. (4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, preferably neonicotinoids selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, or nicotine, or sulfoximines selected from sulfoxaflor, or butenolids selected from flupyradifurone, or mesoionics selected from triflumezopyrim.
(5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators (Site I), preferably spinosyns selected from spinetoram and spinosad.
(6) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, preferably avermectins/milbemycins selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
(7) Juvenile hormone mimics, preferably juvenile hormone analogues selected from hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene, or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.
(8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, preferably alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or chloropicrine or sulphuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators selected from diazomet and metam.
(9) Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, preferably pyridine azomethanes selected from pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazone, or pyropenes selected from afidopyropen.
(10) Mite growth inhibitors affecting CHS1 selected from clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin and etoxazole.
(11) Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membranes selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenehrionis, and B. t. plant proteins selected from CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry 1A. 105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34Abl/35Abl.
(12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, preferably ATP disruptors selected from diafenthiuron, or organotin compounds selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide, or propargite or tetradifon.
(13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and sulfluramid.
(14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam and thiosultap-sodium. (15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1, preferably benzoylureas selected from bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
(16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 selected from buprofezin.
(17) Moulting disruptor (in particular for Diptera, i.e. dipterans) selected from cyromazine.
(18) Ecdysone receptor agonists, preferably diacylhydrazines selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
(19) Octopamine receptor agonists selected from amitraz.
(20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors selected from hydramethylnone, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim and bifenazate.
(21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, preferably METI acaricides and insecticides selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris).
(22) Voltage -dependent sodium channel blockers, preferably oxadiazines selected from indoxacarb, or semicarbazones selected from metaflumizone.
(23) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion and spirotetramat.
(24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, preferably phosphides selected from aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
(25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, preferably 6eto-ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, or carboxanilides selected from pyflubumide.
(28) Ryanodine receptor modulators, preferably diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole.
(29) Chordotonal organ Modulators (with undefined target site) selected from flonicamid.
(30) GABA-gated chlorid channel allosteric modulators, preferably meta-diamides selected from broflanilide, or isoxazoles selected from fluxametamide. (31) Baculoviruses, preferably Granuloviruses (GVs) selected from Cydia pomonella GV and Thaumatotibia leucotreta (GV), or Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) selected from Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV, Flucypyriprole and Helicoverpci armigera NPV.
(32) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators (Site II) selected from GS-omega/kappa HXTX-Hvla peptide.
(33) further active compounds selected from Acynonapyr, Afoxolaner, Azadirachtin, Benclothiaz,
Benzoximate, Benzpyrimoxan, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Chloroprallethrin, Cryolite, Cyclobutrifluram, Cycloxaprid, Cyetpyrafen, Cyhalodiamide, Cyproflanilide (CAS 2375110-88-4), Dicloromezotiaz, Dicofol, Dimpropyridaz, epsilon-Metofluthrin, epsilon-Momfluthrin, Flometoquin, Fluazaindolizine, Flucypyriprole (CAS 1771741-86-6), Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufenoxystrobin, Flufiprole, Fluhexafon, Fluopyram, Flupyrimin, Fluralaner, Fufenozide, Flupentiofenox, Guadipyr, Heptafluthrin, Imidaclothiz, Iprodione, Isocycloseram, kappa-Bifenthrin, kappa-Tefluthrin, Lotilaner, Meperfluthrin, Nicofluprole (CAS 1771741-86-6), Oxazosulfyl, Paichongding, Pyridalyl, Pyrifluquinazon, Pyriminostrobin, Sarolaner, Spidoxamat, Spirobudiclofen, Tetramethylfluthrin, Tetrachlorantraniliprole, Tigolaner, Tioxazafen, Thiofluoximate, Tyclopyrazoflor, lodomethane; furthermore preparations based on Bacillus firmus (1-1582, Votivo) and azadirachtin (BioNeem), and also the following compounds: l-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulphinyl]phenyl}-3- (trifluoromethyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazole-5-amine (known from W02006/043635) (CAS 885026-50-6), 2- chloro-N-[2-{l-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-l-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]iso- nicotinamide (known from W02006/003494) (CAS 872999-66-1), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4- hydroxy-8-methoxy-l,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2010052161) (CAS 1225292- 17-0), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2 -oxo-1, 8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (known from EP2647626) (CAS 1440516-42-6), PF1364 (known from JP2010/018586) (CAS 1204776-60-2), (3£)-3-[l-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-l,l,l-trifluoro-propan-2-one (known from WO2013/144213) (CAS 1461743-15-6), A'-|3-(bcnzylcarbamoyl)-4-chlorophcnyl |-l- methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)- I //-pyrazolc -5 -carboxamide (known from
WO2010/051926) (CAS 1226889-14-0), 5-bromo-4-chloro-A-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6- (methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)pyrazole-3 -carboxamide (known from CN103232431) (CAS 1449220-44-3), 4-[5 -(3 ,5 -dichlorophenyl)-4,5 -dihydro-5 -(trifluoromethyl)-3 -isoxazolyl] -2- mcthyl-A'-(c/.s-l-oxido-3-thictanyl)-bcnzamidc. 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-
(trifluoromcthyl)-3-isoxazolyl |-2-mcthyl-A'-(/raw.s-l-oxido-3-thictanyl)-bcnzamidc and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5- dichlorophenyl)-4, 5 -dihydro-5 -(trifluoromethyl)-3 -isoxazolyl] -2-methyl -N-(cis- 1 -oxido-3 -thietanyl) benzamide (known from WO 2013/050317 Al) (CAS 1332628-83-7), /V-[ 3-chloro- 1 -(3-py ridiny l)- 1 V/- pyrazol-4-yl ]-A-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl ]-propanamide, (+)-A'-|3-chloro-l-(3-pyridinyl)- l//-pyrazol-4-yl |-A'-cthyl-3-|(3.3.3-trifluoropropyl)siilfinyl|-propanamidc and (-)-A'-|3-chloro-l-(3- pyridinyl)- 1 H-pyrazol-4-yl |-A'-cthyl-3-| (3.3.3 -t ri fl no rop ropy l )snlfi ny l ]-propanamide (known from
WO 2013/162715 A2, WO 2013/162716 A2, US 2014/0213448 Al) (CAS 1477923-37-7), 5-[[(2£)-3- chloro-2 -propen- 1 -yl]amino] - 1 - [2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] -4- [(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl] - lH-pyrazole-3 -carbonitrile (known from CN 101337937 A) (CAS 1105672-77-2), 3-bromo-A-[4-chloro-
2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)thioxomethyl ]phenyl ]- l-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide,
(Liudaibenjiaxuanan, known from CN 103109816 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); /V-[4-chloro-2-[[(l,l- dimethylethyl)amino] carbonyl] -6-methylphenyl] - 1 -(3 -chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3 -(fluoromethoxy)- 1H- pyrazole-5 -carboxamide (known from WO 2012/034403 Al) (CAS 1268277-22-0), JV-[2-(5-amino-l,3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-l-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-lH-pyrazole-5- carboxamide (known from WO 2011/085575 Al) (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3- dichloro-2 -propen- 1 -yl)oxy]phenoxy]propoxy] -2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (known from CN 101337940 A) (CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl] ethylidene] -N- [4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl] -hydrazinecarboxamide (known from CN 101715774 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-( lH-benzimidazol-2- yl)phenyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester (known from CN 103524422 A) (CAS 1542271-46-4); (4aS) -7 -chloro-2, 5 -dihydro-2-[ [(methoxycarbonyl) [4- [(trifluoromethyl)thio] phenyl] amino] carbonyl] - indeno[l,2-e][l,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(327)-carboxylic acid methyl ester (known from CN 102391261 A) (CAS 1370358-69-2); 6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-, l-|A'-|4-| l-|4-( 1. 1.2.2.2-pcntafluorocthoxy) phenyl] - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3 -yl]phenyl] carbamate] -a-L-mannopyranose (known from
US 2014/0275503 Al) (CAS 1181213-14-8); 8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3- (6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane (CAS 1253850-56-4), (8-awh)-8-(2- cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane (CAS 933798-27-7), (8-svw)-8-(2-cyclopropylmcthoxy-4-trifluoromcthyl-phcnoxy) -3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (known from WO 2007040280 Al, WO 2007040282 Al) (CAS 934001-66-8), N-[4-(aminothioxomethyl)-2-methyl-6-
[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-bromo-l-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from CN 103265527 A) (CAS 1452877-50-7), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-l-methyl- l,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2, 4-dione (known from WO 2014/187846 Al) (CAS 1638765-58-8), 3-(4- chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-l-methyl-2-oxo-l,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl-carbonic acid ethyl ester (known from WO 2010/066780 Al, WO 2011151146 Al) (CAS 1229023-00-0), A-[l-(2,6- difhiorophenyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (known from WO 2014/053450 Al) (CAS 1594624-87-9), N-[2-(2,6-difhiorophenyl)-2H-l,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (known from WO 2014/053450 Al) (CAS 1594637-65-6), N-[l-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridinyl)-lH-pyrazol-
3-yl]-2-(trifhroromethyl)benzamide (known from WO 2014/053450 Al) (CAS 1594626-19-3), (3J?)-3-(2- chloro-5-thiazolyl)-2,3-dihydro-8-methyl-5,7-dioxo-6-phenyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt (known from WO 2018/177970 Al) (CAS 2246757-58-2); 3-(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)-2,3-dihydro-8- methyl-5,7-dioxo-6-phenyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium inner salt (known from WO 2018/177970 Al) (CAS 2246757-56-0); A-[3-chloro-l-(3-pyridinyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl]-2-(methylsulfonyl)- propanamide (known from WO 2019/236274 Al) (CAS 2396747-83-2), N-[2-bromo-4-[l, 2,2,2- tetrafluoro- 1 -(trifluoromethyl)ethyl] -6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] -2-fluoro-3 -[(4-fluorobenzoyl)amino] - benzamide (known from WO 2019059412 Al) (CAS 1207977-87-4), 3-Bromo-l-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)- N-[4,6-dichloro-3-fluoro-2-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-lH-Pyrazole-5-carboxamide (Fluchlorodiamide; known from CN110835330 A, CN106977494 A) (CAS: 2129147-03-9).
Examples of nematicides which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
(Group N-l) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, preferably (N-1A) carbamates selected from aldicarb, benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan and thiodicarb, or (N-1B) organophosphates selected from cadusafos, ethoprofos, fenamiphos, fosthiazate, imicyafos, phorate and terbufos.
(Group N-2) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, preferably avermectins selected from abamectin and emamectin benzoate.
(Group N-3) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, especially inhibitors of succinatecoenzyme Q reductase, preferably pyridinylmethyl-benzamides selected from fluopyram.
(Group N-4) Lipid synthesis/growth regulation modulators, especially inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirotetramat.
(Group N-UN) Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action with various chemistries, selected from fluensulfone, fluazaindolizine, furfural, iprodione and tioxazafen.
(Group N-UNX) Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action: Presumed multi-site inhibitors, preferably volatile sulphur generators selected from carbon disulphide and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), or carbon disulphide liberators selected from sodium tetrathiocarbonate, or alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and methyl iodide (iodomethane), or halogenated hydrocarbons selected from 1,2- dibromo-3 -chloropropane (DBCP) and 1,3-dichloropropene, or chloropicrin, or methyl isothiocyanate generators selected from allyl isothiocyanate, diazomet, metam potassium and metam sodium.
(Group N-UNB) Bacterial agents (non-/h) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium-derived, selected from Burkholderia spp., e.g. rinojensis A396, Bacillus spp., e.g. firmus, licheniformis, amyloliquefaciens or subtilis, Pasteuria spp., e.g. penetrans or nishizawae, Pseudomonas spp., e.g. chlororaphis or fluorescens, and Streptomyces spp., e.g. lydicus, dicklowii or albogriseolus . (Group N-UNF) Fungal agents of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably fungus or fungus- derived, selected from Actinomyces spp., e.g. streptococcus, Arthrobotrys spp., e.g. oligospora, Aspergillus spp., e.g. niger, Muscodor spp., e.g. albus, Myrothecium spp., e.g. verrucaria, Paecilomyces spp., e.g. \ilcicinus (Purpureocillium lilacinum), carneus or fumosoroseus, Pochonia spp., e.g. chlamydosporici, and Trichoderma spp., e.g. harzianum, virens, atroviride or viride.
(Group N-UNE) Botanical or animal derived agents, including synthetic extracts and unrefined oils, with unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably botanical or animal derived agents selected from azadirachtin, camellia seed cake, essential oils, garlic extract, pongamia oil, terpenes, e.g. carvacrol, and Quillajci saponcirici extract.
Preferably, Isotianil of formula (I) or a composition of the invention can be combined with at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of Acetamiprid, beta-Cyfluthrin, B. firmus, Bifenthrin, Carbofuran, Chlorphyriphos, Clothianidin, Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Cypermethrin, Fipronil, Fluopyram, Flupyradifurone, Furathiocarb, Imidacloprid, Sulfoxaflor, Tefluthrin, Tetraniliprole, Thia- methoxam.
Examples of herbicides which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are: acetochlor, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-methyl, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, alloxydim-sodium, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidochlor, amidosulfuron, 4-amino-3-chloro-6- (4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylic acid, aminocyclopyrachlor, amino- cyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminopyralid, aminopyralid-dimethyl- ammonium, aminopyralid-tripromine, amitrole, ammoniumsulfamate, anilofos, asulam, asulam- potassium, asulam sodium, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, beflubutamid, (S)-(-)-beflubutamid, beflubutamid-M, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, benazolin-dimethylammonium, benazolin-potassium, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone, bentazone-sodium, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bilanafos, bilanafos-sodium, bipyrazone, bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, bixlozone, bromacil, bromacil-lithium, bromacil-sodium, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, bromoxynil-butyrate, -potassium, -heptanoate und -octanoate, busoxinone, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butenachlor, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, cambendichlor, carbetamide, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chloramben, chloramben-ammonium, chloramben-diolamine, chlroamben-methyl, chloramben-methylammonium, chloramben-sodium, chlorbromuron, chlorfenac, chlorfenac -ammonium, chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenprop, chlorfenpropmethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorophthalim, chlorotoluron, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthal-monomethyl, cinidon, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, exo-(+)-cinmethylin, i.e. (lR,2S,4S)-4-isopropyl-l-methyl-2-[(2- methylbenzyl)oxy]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2. l]heptane, exo-(-)-cinmethylin, i.e. (lR,2S,4S)-4-isopropyl-l- methyl-2-[(2-methylbenzyl)oxy]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, cinosulfuron, clacyfos, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop-ethyl, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid, clopyralid- methyl, clopyralid-olamine, clopyralid-potassium, clopyralid-tripomine, cloransulam, cloransulam- methyl, cumyluron, cyanamide, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclopyranil, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cyprazine, 2,4-D (including thea mmonium, butotyl, -butyl, choline, diethylammonium, -dimethylammonium, -diolamine, -doboxyl, -dodecylammonium, etexyl, ethyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptylammonium, isobutyl, isooctyl, isopropyl, isopropylammonium, lithium, meptyl, methyl, potassium, tetradecylammonium, triethylammonium, triisopropanolammonium, tripromine and trolamine salt thereof), 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, -dimethylammonium, isooctyl, -potassium und -sodium, daimuron (dymron), dalapon, dalapon-calcium, dalapon-magnesium, dalapon-sodium, dazomet, dazomet-sodium, n-decanol, 7-deoxy-D-sedoheptulose, desmedipham, detosyl-pyrazolate (DTP), dicamba and its salts, e. g. dicamba-biproamine, dicamba-N,N-Bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine, dicamba-butotyl, dicamba-choline, dicamba-digly colamine, dicamba-dimethylammonium, dicamba- diethanolamine ammonium, dicamba-diethylammonium, dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba- methyl, dicamba-monoethanolamine, dicamba-olamine, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, dicamba- triethanolamine, dichlobenil, 2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4,4-dimethyl- l,2-oxazolidin-3-one, 2-(2,5-dichloro- benzyl)-4,4-dimethyl-l,2-oxazolidin-3-one, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-butotyl, dichlorprop-dimethyl- ammonium, dichhlorprop-etexyl, dichlorprop-ethylammonium, dichlorprop-isoctyl, dichlorprop-methyl, dichlorprop-potassium, dichlorprop-sodium, dichlorprop-P, dichlorprop-P-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-P-etexyl, dichlorprop-P -potassium, dichlorprop-sodium, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclofop- P, diclofop-P-methyl, diclosulam, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-metilsulfate, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimesulfazet, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimetrasulfuron, dinitramine, dinoterb, dinoterb-acetate, diphenamid, diquat, diquat-dibromid, diquat-dichloride, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC, DNOC-ammonium, DNOC- potassium, DNOC-sodium, endothal, endothal-diammonium, endothal-dipotassium, endothal-disodium, Epyrifenacil (S-3100), EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethiozin, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, F-5231, i.e. N-[2-Chlor- 4-fluor-5-[4-(3-fluorpropyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-lH-tetrazol-l-yl]-phenyl]-ethansulfonamid, F-7967, i.e. 3-[7-Chlor-5-fluor-2-(trifluormethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-4-yl]-l-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin- 2,4(lH,3H)-dione, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenpyrazone, fenquinotrione, fentrazamide, flamprop, flamprop-isoproyl, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M- isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, florasulam, florpyrauxifen, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, fluazifop, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-methyl, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl, flucarbazone, flucarbazone- sodium, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, -dimethylammonium und -methyl, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupropanate, flupropanate-sdium, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron- methyl, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-butometyl, fluroxypyr-meptyl, flurtamone, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, fomesafen-sodium, foram- sulfuron, foramsulfuron sodium salt, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, glufosinate, glufosinate- ammonium, glufosinate-sodium, L-glufosinate-ammonium, L-glufosiante-sodium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glyphosate, glyphosate-ammonium, -isopropylammonium, -diammonium, - dimethylammonium, -potassium, -sodium, sesquisodium and -trimesium, H-9201, i.e. O-(2,4-Dimethyl- 6-nitrophenyl)-O-ethyl-isopropylphosphoramidothioat, halauxifen, halauxifen-methyl, halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-P- ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P -methyl, haloxifop-sodium, hexazinone, HNPC-A8169, i.e. prop-2 -yn-l-yl (2S)-2-{3-[(5-tert-butylpyridin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoate, HW-02, i.e. 1-
(Dimethoxyphosphoryl)-ethyl-(2,4-dichlorphenoxy)acetat, hydantocidin, imazamethabenz, imaza- methabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapic, imazapic-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr-isopropylammonium, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazaquin.methyl, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-immonium, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil-lithium, -octanoate, -potassium und sodium, ipfencarbazone, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, karbutilate, KUH-043, i.e. 3-({[5- (Difluormethyl)-l-methyl-3-(trifluormethyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl}sulfonyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-di- hydro- 1,2-oxazol, ketospiradox, ketospiradox-potassium, lactofen, lancotrione, lenacil, linuron, MCPA, MCPA-butotyl, -butyl, -dimethylammonium, -diolamine, -2-ethylhexyl, -ethyl, -isobutyl, isoctyl, - isopropyl, -isopropylammonium, -methyl, olamine, -potassium, -sodium and -trolamine, MCPB, MCPB- methyl, -ethyl und -sodium, mecoprop, mecoprop-butotyl, mecoprop- demethylammonium, mecoprop- diolamine, mecoprop-etexyl, mecoprop-ethadyl, mecoprop-isoctyl, mecoprop-methyl, mecoprop- potassium, mecoprop-sodium, and mecoprop-trolamine, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P-butotyl, - dimethylammonium, -2-ethylhexyl and -potassium, mefenacet, mefluidide, mefluidide-diolamine, mefluidide-potassium, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesosulfuron sodium salt, mesotrione, methabenzthiazuron, metam, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, methabenzthiazuron, methiopyrsulfuron, methiozolin, methyl isothiocyanate, metobromuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monosulfuron-methyl, MT-5950, i.e. N-[3-chlor-4-(l-methylethyl)-phenyl]-2- methylpentanamid, NGGC-011, napropamide, NC-310, i.e. 4-(2,4-Dichlorbenzoyl)-l-methyl-5-benzyl- oxypyrazol, NC-656, i.e. 3-[(isopropylsulfonyl)methyl]-N-(5-methyl-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-(trifluoro- methyl)[l,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide, neburon, nicosulfuron, nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), norflurazon, oleic acid (fatty acids), orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, paraquat-dichloride, paraquat-dimethylsulfate, pebulate, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentachlorphenol, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, petroleum oils, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, picloram, picloram-dimethylammonium, picloram-etexyl, picloram-isoctyl, picloram-methyl, picloram-olamine, picloram-potassium, picloram-triethylammonium, picloram-tripromine, picloram-trolamine, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, profoxydim, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate (pyrazolate), pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyribambenz, pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyridafol, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinclorac -dimethylammonium, quinclorac-methyl, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, QYM201, i.e. l-{2-chloro-3-[(3-cyclopropyl-5-hydroxy-l-methyl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-6- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl}piperidin-2-one, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, SL-261, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, SYP- 249, i.e. 1 -Ethoxy-3 -methyl- l-oxobut-3-en-2-yl-5- [2 -chlor-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy] -2 -nitrobenzoat, SYP-300, i.e. l-[7-Fluor-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-in-l-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-l,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-3-propyl-2- thioxoimidazolidin-4,5-dion, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA (trichloro acetic acid) and its salts, e.g. TCA-ammonium, TCA-calcium, TCA-ethyl, TCA-magnesium, TCA-sodium, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbucarb, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, tetflupyrolimet, thaxtomin, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, tiafenacil, tolpyralate, topramezone, tralkoxydim, triafamone, tri-allate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-choline, triclopyr-ethyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium, trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, trifludimoxazin, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, urea sulfate, vernolate, XDE-848, ZJ-0862, i.e. 3 ,4-Dichlor-N- {2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzyl } anilin, 3 -(2-chloro-4-fluoro-5 -(3 - methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-trifluoromethyl-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-l (2H)-yl)phenyl)-5-methyl-4,5- dihydroisoxazole-5 -carboxylic acid ethyl ester, ethyl-[(3-{2-chlor-4-fluor-5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4- (trifluormethyl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-l(2H)-yl]phenoxy}pyridin-2-yl)oxy]acetate, 3-chloro-2-[3-
(difluoromethyl)isoxazolyl-5-yl]phenyl-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl ether, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(2- hydroxy-6-oxocyclohcx- l-cn-l-yl)carbonyl |-6-mcthylpyridazinc-3(2//)-onc. 2-({2-[(2- methoxyethoxy)methyl] -6-methylpyridin-3 -yl } carbonyl)cyclohexane- 1 ,3-dione, (5 -hydroxy- 1 -methyl - lH-pyrazol-4-yl)(3,3,4-trimethyl-l,l-dioxido-2,3-dihydro-l-benzothiophen-5-yl)methanone, 1-methyl- 4 - [( 3 ,3 ,4-trimethyl- 1 , 1 -dioxido-2, 3 -dihydro- 1 -benzothiophen-5 -yl)carbonyl] - lH-pyrazol-5 -yl propane- 1 -sulfonate, 4-{2-chloro-3-[(3,5-dimethyl- IH-pyrazol- 1 -yl)methyl] -4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl} - 1 - methyl- lH-pyrazol-5-yl-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxylate; cyanomethyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5- fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-lH-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, prop-2-yn-l-yl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6- (7-fluoro-lH-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2 -carboxylate, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-lH- indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-lH-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2- carboxylic acid, benzyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-lH-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2 -carboxylate, ethyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-lH-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, methyl 4-amino-3- chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-l-isobutyryl-lH-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, methyl 6-(l-acetyl-7- fluoro-lH-indol-6-yl)-4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-[l- (2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)-7-fluoro-lH-indol-6-yl]-5-fluoropyridine-2-carboxylate, methyl 4-amino-3- chloro-5-fluoro-6-[7-fluoro-l-(methoxyacetyl)-lH-indol-6-yl]pyridine-2-carboxylate, potassium 4- amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-lH-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, sodium 4-amino-3-chloro-5- fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-lH-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylate, butyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro- lH-indol-6-yl)pyridine-2 -carboxylate, 4-hydroxy-l-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]imidazo- lidin-2-one, 3 -(5 -tert-butyl- l,2-oxazol-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-l-methylimidazolidin-2-one, 3-[5-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl] -4-hydroxy- 1 -methylimidazolidin-2-one, 4-hydroxy- 1 -methoxy-5 -methyl- 3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]imidazolidin-2-one, 6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex-l-en-l- yl)carbonyl]-l,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)quinazolin-2,4(lH,3H)-dione, 3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6- [(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex- 1 -en- 1 -yl)carbonyl] - 1 -methylquinazolin-2,4( lH,3H)-dione, 2-[2-chloro-4- (methylsulfonyl)-3 -(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)benzoyl] -3 -hydroxy cyclohex-2-en- 1 -one, 1 -(2-carboxy- ethyl)-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate),
1-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-(pyridazin-3-yl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-l-(2-sulfoethyl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), 4-(pyridazin-3-yl)-l-(2-sulfoethyl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), l-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), l-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyridazin-l- ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate).
Examples of plant growth regulators which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
Abscisic acid and related analogues [e.g. (2Z,4E)-5-[6-Ethynyl-l-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-
2-en-l-yl]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid, methyl-(2Z,4E)-5-[6-ethynyl-l-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4- oxocyclohex-2-en-l-yl]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoate, (2Z,4E)-3-ethyl-5-(l-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4- oxocyclohex-2-en- 1 -yl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid, (2E,4E)-5 -( 1 -hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethyl-4-oxocy clohex-2- en-l-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid, methyl (2E,4E)-5-(l-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4- oxocyclohex-2-en-l-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)penta-2,4-dienoate, (2Z,4E)-5-(2-hydroxy-l,3-dimethyl-5- oxobicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-en-2-yl)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid], acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, S- adenosylhomocysteine, allantoin, 2-Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), aminooxyacetic acid and related esters [e.g. (Isopropylidene)-aminooxyacetic acid-2-(methoxy)-2 -oxoethylester, (Isopropylidene)- aminooxyacetic acid-2-(hexyloxy)-2-oxoethylester, (Cyclohexylidene)-aminooxyacetic acid-2- (isopropyloxy)-2-oxoethylester], 1 -aminocycloprop- 1-yl carboxylic acid and derivatives thereof, e.g. disclosed in DE3335514, EP30287, DE2906507 or US5123951, 5 -aminolevulinic acid, ancymidol, 6- benzylaminopurine, bikinin, brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl, L-canaline, catechin and catechines (e.g. (2S,3R)-2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3,5,7-triol), chitooligosaccharides (CO; COs differ from LCOs in that they lack the pendant fatty acid chain that is characteristic of LCOs. COs, sometimes referred to as N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, are also composed of GlcNAc residues but have side chain decorations that make them different from chitin molecules [(CsHnNOsjn, CAS No. 1398-61-4] and chitosan molecules [(CsHnNO^n, CAS No. 9012-76-4]), chitinous compounds, chlormequat chloride, cloprop, cyclanilide, 3 -(Cycloprop- l-enyl)propionic acid, l-[2-(4-cyano-3,5-dicyclopropylphenyl)acet- amido] cyclohexanecarboxy lie acid, l-[2-(4-cyano-3-cyclopropylphenyl)acetamido]cyclohexane- carboxylic acid, daminozide, dazomet, dazomet-sodium, n-decanol, dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, endothal, endothal-dipotassium, -disodium, and mono(N,N-dimethylalkylammonium), ethephon, flumetralin, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurenol-methyl, flurprimidol, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indol-3 -acetic acid (IAA), 4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid, isoprothiolane, probenazole, jasmonic acid, Jasmonic acid or derivatives thereof (e.g. jasmonic acid methyl ester, jasmonic acid ethyl ester), lipo- chitooligosaccharides (LCO, sometimes referred to as symbiotic nodulation (Nod) signals (or Nod factors) or as Myc factors, consist of an oligosaccharide backbone of P-l,4-linked JV-acetyl-D-glucosamine (“GlcNAc”) residues with an N-linked fatty acyl chain condensed at the non-reducing end. As understood in the art, LCOs differ in the number of GlcNAc residues in the backbone, in the length and degree of saturation of the fatty acyl chain and in the substitutions of reducing and non-reducing sugar residues), linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate, 1 -methylcyclopropene, 3 -methylcyclopropene, 1 -ethylcyclopropene, 1- n-propylcyclopropene, 1 -cyclopropenylmethanol, methoxyvinylglycin (MVG), 3’-methyl abscisic acid, 1 -(4-methylphenyl)-N-(2-oxo- 1 -propyl- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)methanesulfonamide and related substituted tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)methanesulfonamides, (3E,3aR,8bS)-3-({[(2R)-4-Methyl-5-oxo-2,5- dihydrofuran-2-yl]oxy}methylen)-3,3a,4,8b-tetrahydro-2H-indeno[l,2-b]furan-2-one and related lactones as outlined in EP2248421, 2-(l-naphthyl)acetamide, 1 -naphthylacetic acid, 2- naphthyloxyacetic acid, nitrophenolate-mixture, 4-Oxo-4[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butyric acid, paclobutrazol, 4-phenylbutyric acid and its related salts (e.g. sodium-4-phenylbutanoate, potassium-4-phenylbutanoate), phenylalanine, N-phenylphthalamic acid, prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, putrescine, prohydrojasmon, rhizobitoxin, salicylic acid, salicylic acid methyl ester, sarcosine, sodium cycloprop- 1-en-l-yl acetate, sodium cycloprop-2-en-l-yl acetate, sodium-3-(cycloprop-2-en-l-yl)propanoate, sodium-3 -(cycloprop- 1- en-l-yl) propanoate, sidefungin, spermidine, spermine, strigolactone, tecnazene, thidiazuron, triacontanol, trinexapac, trinexapac-ethyl, tryptophan, tsitodef, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, 2-fluoro-N-(3- methoxyphenyl) -9H-purin-6-amine .
Examples of safeners which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
51) Compounds from the group of heterocyclic carboxylic acid derivatives:
Sla) Compounds ofthe dichlorophenylpyrazoline -3 -carboxylic acid type (Sla), preferably compounds such as l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid, ethyl 1- (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylate (S 1-1) ("mefenpyr- diethyl"), and related compounds as described in WO-A-91/07874;
S lb) Derivatives of dichlorophenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid (S lb), preferably compounds such as ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (Sl-2), ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5- isopropylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S 1-3), ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(l,l-dimethylethyl)pyrazole-3- carboxylate (S 1-4) and related compounds as described in EP-A-333131 131 and EP-A-269806;
Slc) Derivatives of l,5-diphenylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (Slc), preferably compounds such as ethyl
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (Sl-5), methyl l-(2-chlorophenyl)-5- phenylpyrazole -3 -carboxylate (S 1-6) and related compounds as described, for example, in EP-A-268554;
Sld) Compounds of the triazolecarboxylic acid type (Sld), preferably compounds such as fenchlorazole (ethyl ester), i.e. ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-lH-l,2,4-triazole-3- carboxylate (S 1-7), and related compounds, as described in EP-A-174562 and EP-A-346620;
Sle) Compounds of the 5-benzyl- or 5 -phenyl -2 -isoxazoline-3 -carboxylic acid or of the 5,5-diphenyl-
2 -isoxazoline-3 -carboxylic acid type (S 1 e), preferably compounds such as ethyl 5-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)- 2 -isoxazoline-3 -carboxylate (Sl-8) or ethyl 5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (Sl-9) and related compounds as described in WO-A-91/08202, or 5, 5 -diphenyl -2 -isoxazolinecarboxylic acid (Sl-10) or ethyl 5, 5 -diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3 -carboxylate (Sl-11) ("isoxadifen-ethyl") or n-propyl 5,5-diphenyl-2- isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (Sl-12) or ethyl 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (Sl- 13), as described in patent application WO-A-95/07897.
52) Compounds from the group of the 8-quinolinoxy derivatives (S2):
S2a) Compounds of the 8-quinolinoxyacetic acid type (S2a), preferably 1-methylhexyl (5-chloro-8- quinolinoxy)acetate ("cloquintocet-mexyl") (S2-1), 1,3-dimethylbut-l-yl (5-chloro-8- quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-2), 4-allyloxybutyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-3), l-allyloxyprop-2-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-4), ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-5), methyl 5-chloro-8- quinolinoxyacetate (S2-6), allyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-7), 2-(2-propylideneiminoxy)-l- ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-8), 2-oxoprop-l-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-9) and related compounds, as described in EP-A-86750, EP-A-94349 and EP-A-191736 or EP-A-0 492 366, and also (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetic acid (S2-10), hydrates and salts thereof, for example the lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, ammonium, quaternary ammonium, sulfonium or phosphonium salts thereof, as described in WO-A-2002/34048;
S2b) Compounds of the (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonic acid type (S2b), preferably compounds such as diethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, diallyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, methyl ethyl (5- chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate and related compounds, as described in EP-A-0 582 198.
S3) Active compounds of the dichloroacetamide type (S3), which are frequently used as pre- emergence safeners (soil-acting safeners), for example
"dichlormid" (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) (S3-1),
"R-29148" (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-l,3-oxazolidine) from Stauffer (S3-2),
"R-28725" (3 -dichloroacetyl -2, 2-dimethyl-l, 3 -oxazolidine) from Stauffer (S3-3),
"benoxacor" (4-dichloroacetyl-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-l,4-benzoxazine) (S3-4),
"PPG-1292" (N-allyl-N-[(l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl]dichloroacetamide) from PPG Industries (S3-5),
"DKA-24" (N-allyl-N-[(allylaminocarbonyl)methyl]dichloroacetamide) from Sagro-Chem (S3-6),
"AD-67" or "MON 4660" (3 -dichloroacetyl- l-oxa-3 -azaspiro [4.5] decane) from Nitrokemia or Monsanto (S3-7),
"TI-35" (1-dichloroacetylazepane) from TRI-Chemical RT (S3-8), "Diclonon" (Dicyclonon) or "BAS145138" or "LAB145138" (S3-9)
((RS)-l-dichloroacetyl-3,3,8a-trimethylperhydropyrrolo[l,2-a]pyrimidin-6-one) from BASF, "furilazole" or "MON 13900" ((RS)-3-dichloroacetyl-5-(2-furyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine) (S3-10), and the (R) isomer thereof (S3-11).
S4) Compounds from the class of the acylsulfonamides (S4):
S4a) N-Acylsulfonamides and salts thereof, as described in WO-A-97/45016,
S4b) Compounds of the 4-(benzoylsulfamoyl)benzamide type and salts thereof, as described in WO- A-99/16744,
S4C) Compounds from the class of the benzoylsulfamoylphenylureas as described in EP-A-365484, for example l-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methylurea, 1 -[4-(N-2 -methoxybenzoyl - sulfamoyl)phenyl] -3 ,3 -dimethylurea and 1 - [4-(N-4,5 -dimethylbenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl] -3 -methylurea; S4d) Compounds of the N-phenylsulfonylterephthalamide type and salts thereof, which are known, for example, from CN 101838227.
55) Active compounds from the class of the hydroxyaromatics and the aromatic-aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives (S5), for example ethyl 3,4,5-triacetoxybenzoate, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3, 5 -dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxysalicylic acid, 4-fluorosalicyclic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,4-dichlorocinnamic acid, as described in WO-A-2004/084631, WO-A -2005/015994, WO-A- 2005/016001.
56) Active compounds from the class of the l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones (S6), for example 1- methyl-3 -(2 -thienyl)- l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one, l-methyl-3 -(2 -thienyl)- l,2-dihydroquinoxaline-2- thione, l-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one hydrochloride, l-(2- methylsulfonylaminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one, as described in WO-A- 2005/112630.
57) Compounds from the class of the diphenylmethoxyacetic acid derivatives (S7), e.g. methyl diphenylmethoxyacetate (CAS Reg. No. 41858-19-9) (S7-1), ethyl diphenylmethoxyacetate or diphenylmethoxyacetic acid, as described in WO-A-98/38856.
58) 2-fluoroacrylic acid derivatives as described in WO-A-98/27049.
59) active compounds from the class of the 3 -(5 -tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2 -quinolones (S9), for example l,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-l-ethyl-3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolone (CAS Reg. No. 219479-18-2), 1,2- dihydro-4-hydroxy- l-methyl-3 -(5 -tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2 -quinolone (CAS Reg. No. 95855-00-8), as described in WO-A- 199/000020;
510) N-acylsulfonamides as described in WO-A-2007/023719 and WO-A-2007/023764.
511) Active compounds of the oxyimino compound type (Si l), which are known as seed-dressing agents, for example
"oxabetrinil" ((Z)-l,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile) (SI 1-1), which is known as a seed-dressing safener for millet/sorghum against metolachlor damage,
"fluxofenim" (l-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-l -ethanone O-(l,3-dioxolan-2-yhnethyl)oxime) (SI 1- 2), which is known as a seed-dressing safener for millet/sorghum against metolachlor damage, and "cyometrinil" or "CGA-43089" ((Z)-cyanomethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile) (SI 1-3), which is known as a seed-dressing safener for millet/sorghum against metolachlor damage. S12) active compounds from the class of the isothiochromanones (S12), for example methyl [(3-oxo- lH-2-benzothiopyran-4(3H)-ylidene)methoxy]acetate (CAS Reg. No. 205121-04-6) (S 12-1) and related compounds from WO-A-1998/13361.
513) One or more compounds from group (S13):
"naphthalic anhydride" (1,8 -naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride) (S13-1), which is known as a seeddressing safener for com against thiocarbamate herbicide damage,
"fenclorim" (4,6-dichloro-2-phenylpyrimidine) (S13-2), which is known as a safener for pretilachlor in sown rice,
"flurazole" (benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-l, 3 -thiazole-5 -carboxylate) (S13-3), which is known as a seed-dressing safener for millet/sorghum against alachlor and metolachlor damage,
"CL 304415" (CAS Reg. No. 31541-57-8)
(4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-l-benzopyran-4-acetic acid) (S13-4) from American Cyanamid, which is known as a safener for com against damage by imidazolinones,
"MG 191" (CAS Reg. No. 96420-72-3) (2 -dichloromethyl -2 -methyl- 1,3 -dioxolane) (S13-5) from Nitrokemia, which is known as a safener for com,
"MG 838" (CAS Reg. No. 133993-74-5)
(2 -propenyl l-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbodithioate) (S13-6) from Nitrokemia
"disulfoton" (0,0-diethyl S-2-ethylthioethyl phosphorodithioate) (S13-7),
"dietholate" (0,0-diethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate) (S13-8),
"mephenate" (4-chlorophenyl methylcarbamate) (S13-9).
514) active compounds which, in addition to herbicidal action against weeds, also have safener action on crop plants such as rice, for example
"dimepiperate" or "MY-93" (.S'- 1 -methyl 1 -phenylethylpiperidine- 1 -carbothioate), which is known as a safener for rice against damage by the herbicide molinate,
"daimuron" or "SK 23" (l-(l-methyl-l-phenylethyl)-3-p-tolylurea), which is known as safener for rice against imazosulfuron herbicide damage,
"cumyluron" = "JC-940" (3 -(2 -chlorophenylmethyl)- 1-(1 -methyl- l-phenylethyl)urea, see JP-A- 60087254), which is known as safener for rice against damage by some herbicides,
"methoxyphenone" or "NK 049" (3, 3 '-dimethyl -4-methoxybenzophenone), which is known as a safener for rice against damage by some herbicides,
“CSB" (l-bromo-4-(chloromethylsulfonyl)benzene) from Kumiai, (CAS Reg. No. 54091-06-4), which is known as a safener against damage by some herbicides in rice.
S15) Pyridine-2-oxy-3 -carbonamides as described in WO-A-2008/131861 and WO-A-2008/131860. SI 6) Active compounds which are used primarily as herbicides but also have safener action on crop plants, for example (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid, (R,S)-2-(4- chloro-o-tolyloxy)propionic acid (mecoprop), 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB), (4-chloro- o-tolyloxy)acetic acid (MCPA), 4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid, 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 3, 6-dichloro-2 -methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), 1 -(ethoxy carbonyl)ethyl 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy- benzoate (lactidichlor-ethyl).
Examples of nitrification inhibitors wich can be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are selected from the group consisting of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)succinic acid, 2-(4,5- dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)succinic acid, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium glycolate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium citrate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium lactate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium mandelate, 1,2,4-triazole, 4-Chloro-3- methylpyrazole, N-((3(5)-methyl-lH-pyrazole-l-yl)methyl)acetamide, N-((3(5)-methyl-l H-pyrazole-1- yl)methyl)formamide, N-((3(5),4-dimethylpyrazole-l-yl)methyl)formamide, N-((4-chloro-3(5)-methyl- pyrazole-l-yl)methyl)formamide; reaction adducts of dicyandiamide, urea and formaldehyde, triazonyl- formaldehyde-dicyandiamide adducts, 2-cyano- 1 -((4-oxo- 1 ,3 ,5 -triazinan- 1 -yl)methyl)guanidine, 1 -((2- cyanoguanidino)methyl)urea, 2-cyano- 1 -((2-cyanoguanidino)methyl)guanidine, 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) -pyridine (nitrapyrin or N-serve), dicyandiamide, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, 4,5- dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-dimethyl pyrazole, ammoniumthiosulfate, neem, products based on ingredients of neem, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl p-coumarate, methyl ferulate, methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, karanjin, brachialacton, p-benzoquinone sorgoleone, 4- amino- 1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride, l-amido-2-thiourea, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine, 2- mercapto-benzothiazole, 5 -ethoxy-3 -trichloromethyl- 1, 2, 4-thiodiazole (terrazole, etridiazole), 2- sulfanilamidothiazole, 3-methylpyrazol, 1,2,4-triazol thiourea, cyan amide, melamine, zeolite powder, catechol, benzoquinone, sodium tetraborate, allylthiourea, chlorate salts, and zinc sulfate.
The compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more agriculturally beneficial agents.
Examples of agriculturally beneficial agents include biostimulants, plant growth regulators, plant signal molecules, growth enhancers, microbial stimulating molecules, biomolecules, soil amendments, nutrients, plant nutrient enhancers, etc., such as lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), chitinous compounds, flavonoids, jasmonic acid or derivatives thereof (e.g., jasmonates), cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, absiscic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, salicylates, macro- and micro-nutrients, linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, karrikins, and beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Rhizobium spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Sinorhizobium spp., Azorhizobium spp., Glomus spp., Gigaspora spp., Hymenoscyphous spp., Oidiodendron spp., Lacccirici spp., Pisolithus spp., Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Acinetobacter spp., Arthrobacter spp., Arthrobotrys spp., Aspergillus spp., Azospirillum spp., Bacillus spp., Burkholderia spp., Candida spp., Chryseomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Eupenicillium spp., Exiguobacterium spp., Klebsiella spp., Kluyvera spp., Microbacterium spp., Mucor spp., Paecilomyces spp., Paenibacillus spp., Penicillium spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp., Stenotrophomonas spp., Streptomyces spp., Streptosporangium spp., Swaminathania spp., Thiobacillus spp., Torulospora spp., Vibrio spp., Xanthobacter spp., Xanthomonas spp., etc.), and combinations thereof.
According to some embodiments, the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more biostimulants. Biostimulants may enhance metabolic or physiological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, nucleic acid uptake, ion uptake, nutrient delivery, or a combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of biostimulants that may be included or used in the composition of the present invention may include seaweed extracts (e.g., ascophyllum nodosum; BAYFOL AN ALGAE, Aglukon gmbH, Germany), bacterial extracts (e.g., extracts of one or more diazotrophs, phosphate-solubilizing microorgafjaponisms and/or biopesticides), fungal extracts, humic acids (e.g., potassium humate), fulvic acids, myo-inositol, and/or glycine, protein hydrolysates and amino-acids both from animal BAYFOLAN AMBITION & BAYFOLAN cobre, SICIT, Italy) and plant origin, inorganic compounds (e.g silica) and any combinations thereof. According to some embodiments, the biostimulants may comprise one or more Azospirillum extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising A. brasilense INTA Az-39), one or more Bradyrhizobium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising B. elkanii SEMIA 501, B. elkanii SEMIA 587, B. elkanii SEMIA 5019, B. japonicum NRRL B-50586 (also deposited as NRRL B-59565), B. japonicum NRRL B-50587 (also deposited as NRRL B-59566), B. japonicum NRRL B-50588 (also deposited as NRRL B-59567), B. japonicum NRRL B-50589 (also deposited as NRRL B-59568), B. japonicum NRRL B-50590 (also deposited as NRRL B-59569), B. japonicum NRRL B-50591 (also deposited as NRRL B-59570), B. japonicum NRRL B-50592 (also deposited as NRRL B-59571), B. japonicum NRRL B-50593 (also deposited as NRRL B-59572), B. japonicum NRRL B-50594 (also deposited as NRRL B-50493), B. japonicum NRRL B-50608, B. japonicum NRRL B-50609, B. japonicum NRRL B-50610, B. japonicum NRRL B-50611, B. japonicum NRRL B-50612, B. japonicum NRRL B- 50726, B. japonicum NRRL B-50727, B. japonicum NRRL B-50728, B. japonicum NRRL B-50729, B. japonicum NRRL B-50730, B. japonicum SEMIA 566, B. japonicum SEMIA 5079, B. japonicum SEMIA 5080, B. japonicum USDA 6, B. japonicum USDA 110, B. japonicum USDA 122, B. japonicum USDA 123, B. japonicum USDA 127, B. japonicum USDA 129 and/ or B. japonicum USDA 532C), one or more Rhizobium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising R. leguminosarum SO12A-2), one or more Sinorhizobium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising .S', fredii CCBAU 114 and/or .S', fredii USDA 205), one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851,/’. bilaiae ATCC 22348. /’. bilaiae NRRL 50162,/’. bilaiae NRRL 50169,/’. bilaiae NRRL 50776, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50779, P. bilaiae NRRL 50780, P. bilaiae NRRL 50781, P. bilaiae NRRL 50782, P. bilaiae NRRL 50783, P. bilaiae NRRL 50784, P. bilaiae NRRL 50785, P. bilaiae NRRL 50786, P. bilaiae NRRL 50787, P. bilaiae NRRL 50788, P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1, P. brevicompactum AgRF18, P. canescens ATCC 10419, P. expansum ATCC 24692, P. expansum YT02, P.fellatanum ATCC 48694, P. gaestrivorus NRRL 50170, P. glabrum DAOM 239074, P. glabrum CBS 229.28, P. janthinellum ATCC 10455, P. lanosocoeruleum ATCC 48919, P. radicum ATCC 201836, P. radicum FRR4717, P. radicum FRR 4719, P. radicum N93/47267 and/or P. raistrickii ATCC 10490), one or more Pseudomonas extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. jessenii PS06), one or more acaricidal, insecticidal and/or nematicidal extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising Bacillus firmus 1-1582, Bacillus mycoides AQ726, NRRL B-21664; Beauveria bassiana ATCC-74040, Beauveria bassiana ATCC-74250, Burkholderia sp. A396 sp. nov. rinojensis, NRRL B-50319, Chromobacterium subtsugae NRRL B-30655, Chromobacterium vaccinii NRRL B-50880, Flavobacterium H492, NRRL B-50584, Metarhizium anisopliae F52 (also known as Metarhizium anisopliae strain 52, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 7, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 43 and Metarhizium anisopliae BIO- 1020, TAE-001; deposited as DSM 3884, DSM 3885, ATCC 90448, SD 170 and ARSEF 7711) and/or Paecilomyces fumosoroseus FE991), and/or one or more fungicidal extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising Ampelomyces quisqualis AQ 10® (Intrachem Bio GmbH & Co. KG, Germany), Aspergillus flavus AFLA-GUARD® (Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., CH), Aureobasidium pullulans BOTECTOR® (bio-ferm GmbH, Germany), Bacillus pumilus AQ717 (NRRL B-21662), Bacillus pumilus NRRL B-30087, Bacillus AQ175 (ATCC 55608), Bacillus AQ177 (ATCC 55609), Bacillus subtilis AQ713 (NRRL B-21661), Bacillus subtilis AQ743 (NRRL B-21665), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-50349, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TH 000 (also known as 1BE, isolate ATCC BAA-390), Bacillus thuringiensis AQ52 (NRRL B-21619), Candida oleophila 1-82 (e.g., ASPIRE® from Ecogen Inc., USA), Candida saitoana BIOCURE® (in mixture with lysozyme; BASF, USA) and BIOCOAT® (ArystaLife Science, Ltd., Cary, NC), Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata (also referred to as Gliocladium catenulatum) J1446 (PRESTOP®, Verdera, Finland), Coniothyrium minitans CONTANS® (Prophyta, Germany), Cryphonectria parasitica (CNICM, France), Cryptococcus albidus YIELD PLUS® (Anchor Bio-Technologies, South Africa), Fusarium oxysporum BIOFOX® (from S.I.A.P.A., Italy) and FUSACLEAN® (Natural Plant Protection, France), Metschnikowia fructicola SHEMER® (Agrogreen, Israel), Microdochium dimerum ANTIBOT® (Agrauxine, France), Muscodor albus NRRL 30547, Muscodor roseus NRRL 30548, Phlebiopsis gigantea ROTSOP® (Verdera, Finland), Pseudozyma flocculosa SPORODEX® (Plant Products Co. Ltd., Canada), Pythium oligandrum DV74 (POLYVERSUM®, Remeslo SSRO, Biopreparaty, Czech Rep.), Reynoutria sachlinensis (e.g., REGALIA® from Marrone BioInnovations, USA), Streptomyces NRRL B-30145, Streptomyces M1064, Streptomyces galbus NRRL 30232, Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 (ATCC 55445), Streptomyces violaceusniger YCED 9 (ATCC 55660; DE-THATCH-9®, DECOMP-9® and THATCH CONTROL®, Idaho Research Foundation, USA), Streptomyces WYE 53 (ATCC 55750; DE-THATCH-9®, DECOMP- 9® and THATCH CONTROL®, Idaho Research Foundation, USA), Talaromyces flavus VI 17b (PROTUS®, Prophyta, Germany), Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 (ECO-HOPE®, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan), Trichoderma atroviride LC52 (SENTINEL®, Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ), Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (PLANTSHIELD®, der Firma BioWorks Inc., USA), Trichoderma harzianum TH-35 (ROOT PRO®, from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel), Trichoderma harzianum T-39 (TRICHODEX®, Mycontrol Ltd., Israel; TRICHODERMA 2000®, Makhteshim Ltd., Israel), Trichoderma harzianum ICC012 and Trichoderma viride TRICHOPEL (Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ), Trichoderma harzianum ICC012 and Trichoderma viride ICC080 (REMED IER® WP, Isagro Ricerca, Italy), Trichoderma polysporum and Trichoderma harzianum (BINAB®, BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden), Trichoderma stromaticum TRICOVAB® (C.E.P.L.A.C., Brazil), Trichoderma virens GL-21 (SOILGARD®, Certis LLC, USA), Trichoderma virens Gl-3, ATCC 57678, Trichoderma virens Gl-21 (Thermo Trilogy Corporation, Wasco, CA), Trichoderma virens Gl-3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB2, Trichoderma virens Gl-3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-50349, Trichoderma virens Gl-3 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000, Trichoderma virens Gl-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, Trichoderma virens Gl-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-50349, Trichoderma virens Gl-21 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000, Trichoderma viride TRIECO® (Ecosense Labs. (India) Pvt. Ltd., Indien, BIO-CURE® F from T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., Indien), Trichoderma viride TV 1 (Agribiotec srl, Italy), Trichoderma viride ICC080, and/or Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3 (BOTRY-ZEN®, Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ)), and combinations thereof.
Preferably, Isotianil of formula (I) or a composition of the invention may be combined with at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of Bacillus suhtilis AQ713 (NRRL B-21661), Bacillus suhtilis AQ743 (NRRL B-21665), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-50349, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (also known as 1BE, isolate ATCC BAA-390), (C1.01) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (having Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087); (C1.02) Bacillus suhtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US); (C1.03) Bacillus suhtilis, in particular strain AQ30002 (having Accession Nos. NRRL B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); (C1.04) Bacillus suhtilis, in particular strain AQ30004 (and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); (C.1.06) Bacillus suhtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS® from BASF SE); (C1.07) Bacillus suhtilis rm303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofdm Crop Protection); (C1.08) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI-PEPTA® from Biofdm Crop Protection).
According to some embodiments, the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), chitooligosaccharides (COs), and/or chitinous compounds. LCOs, sometimes referred to as symbiotic nodulation (Nod) signals (or Nod factors) or as Myc factors, consist of an oligosaccharide backbone of P-l,4-linked '-acctyl-D-glucosam inc (“GlcNAc”) residues with an N-linked fatty acyl chain condensed at the non-reducing end. As understood in the art, LCOs differ in the number of GlcNAc residues in the backbone, in the length and degree of saturation of the fatty acyl chain and in the substitutions of reducing and non-reducing sugar residues. See, e.g., Denarie et al., Ann. Rev. Biochem. 65:503 (1996); Diaz et al., Mol. Plant-Microbe Interactions 13:268 (2000); Hungria et al., Soil Biol. Biochem. 29:819 (1997); Hamel et al. , Planta 232:787 (2010); and Prome et al., Pure & Appl. Chem. 70(l):55 (1998).
LCOs (and derivatives thereof) may be included or utilized in various forms of purity and can be used alone or in the form of a culture of LCO-producing bacteria or fungi. For example, OPTIMIZE® (commercially available from Bayer Company) contains a culture of Bradyrhizobium japonicum that produces LCO. Methods to provide substantially pure LCOs include removing the microbial cells from a mixture of LCOs and the microbe, or continuing to isolate and purify the LCO molecules through LCO solvent phase separation followed by HPLC chromatography as described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,549,718. Purification can be enhanced by repeated HPLC and the purified LCO molecules can be freeze-dried for long-term storage. Compositions and methods of the present disclosure may comprise analogues, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, salts and/or solvates of LCOs. LCOs may be incorporated into the composition according to the inventionin any suitable amount(s)/concentration(s). For example, the composition according to the invention comprise about 1 x IO’20 M to about 1 x 10 1 M LCO(s). The amount/concentration of LCO may be an amount effective to impart a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied. According to some embodiments, the LCO amount/concentration is not effective to enhance the yield of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other constituents of the composition, such as CO and/or one or more pesticides.
The compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with any suitable COs, perhaps in combination with one or more LCOs. COs differ from LCOs in that they lack the pendant fatty acid chain that is characteristic of LCOs. COs, sometimes referred to as N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, are also composed of GlcNAc residues but have side chain decorations that make them different from chitin molecules [(CSHBNOS)^ CAS No. 1398-61-4] and chitosan molecules [(CsHnNO^n, CAS No. 9012-76-4], See, e.g., D’Haeze et al., Glycobiol. 12(6) : 79R (2002); Demont-Caulet et al., Plant Physiol. 120(l):83 (1999); Hanel et al., Planta 232:787 (2010); Muller et al., Plant Physiol. 124:733 (2000); Robinaeta/., Tetrahedron 58:521-530 (2002); Rouge etal., Docking ofChitin Oligomers and Nod Factors on Lectin Domains of the LysM-RLK Receptors in the Medicago-Rhizobium Symbiosis, in The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates-3 (Springer Science, 2011); Van der Holst et al., Curr. Opin. Struc. Biol. 11:608 (2001); and Wan et al., Plant Cell 21: 1053 (2009). COs may be obtained from any suitable source. For example, the CO may be derived from an LCO. For example, in an aspect, the composition according to the invention comprise one or more COs derived from an LCO obtained (i.e., isolated and/or purified) from a strain of Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium (e.g., B. japonicum), Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium (e.g., R. leguminosarum), Sinorhizobium (e.g., .S', meliloti), or mycorhizzal fungi (e.g., Glomus intraradicus) . Alternatively, the CO may be synthetic. Methods for the preparation of recombinant COs are known in the art. See, e.g., Cottaz et al., Meth. Eng. 7(4) :311 (2005); Samain et al., Carbohydrate Res. 302:35 (1997.); and Samain et al., J. Biotechnol. 72:33 (1999), the contents and disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
COs (and derivatives thereof) may be included or utilized in various forms of purity and can be used alone or in the form of a culture of CO-producing bacteria or fungi. It is to be understood that the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with hydrates, isomers, salts and/or solvates of COs. COs may be used in any suitable amount(s)/concentration(s). For example, the composition according to the invention may comprise about 1 x IO-20 M to about 1 x 10 1 M COs. The amount/concentration of CO may be an amount effective to impart or confer a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the soil microbial environment, nutrient uptake, or increase the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied. According to some embodiments, a CO amount/concentration may not be effective to enhance the growth of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as LCO and/or one or more inoculants, biomolecules, nutrients, or pesticides.
The compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more suitable chitinous compounds, such as, for example, chitin, chitosan, and isomers, salts and solvates thereof. Chitins and chitosans, which are major components of the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans, are composed of GlcNAc residues. Chitins and chitosans may be obtained commercially or prepared from insects, crustacean shells, or fungal cell walls. Methods for the preparation of chitin and chitosan are known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,536,207 (preparation from crustacean shells) and 5,965,545 (preparation from crab shells and hydrolysis of commercial chitosan); and Pochanavanich et al., Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 35: 17 (2002) (preparation from fungal cell walls). Deacetylated chitins and chitosans may be obtained that range from less than 35% to greater than 90% deacetylation and cover a broad spectrum of molecular weights, e.g., low molecular weight chitosan oligomers of less than 15kD and chitin oligomers of 0.5 to 2kD; “practical grade” chitosan with a molecular weight of about 15kD; and high molecular weight chitosan of up to 70kD. Chitin and chitosan compositions formulated for seed treatment are commercially available. Commercial products include, for example, ELEXA® (Plant Defense Boosters, Inc.) and BEYOND™ (Agrihouse, Inc.). The compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more suitable flavonoids, including, but not limited to, anthocyanidins, anthoxanthins, chaicones, coumarins, flavanones, flavanonols, flavans and isoflavonoids, as well as analogues, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, polymers, salts and solvates thereof. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds having the general structure of two aromatic rings connected by a three-carbon bridge. Classes of flavonoids are known in the art. See, e.g., Jain et al J. Plant Biochem. & Biotechnol. 11: 1 (2002); and Shaw et al., Environ. Microbiol. 11: 1867 (2006), the contents and disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Several flavonoid compounds are commercially available. Flavonoid compounds may be isolated from plants or seeds, e.g., as described in U.S. Patents 5,702,752; 5,990,291; and 6,146,668. Flavonoid compounds may also be produced by genetically engineered organisms, such as yeast. See, e.g., Ralston et al., Plant Physiol. 137: 1375 (2005).
According to some embodiments, the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more flavanones, such as one or more of butin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, hesperidin, homoeriodictyol, isosakuranetin, naringenin, naringin, pinocembrin, poncirin, sakuranetin, sakuranin, and/or sterubin, one or more flavanonols, such as dihydrokaempferol and/or taxifolin, one or more flavans, such as one or more flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin (C), catechin 3-gallate (Cg), epicatechins (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC) epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), epigallcatechin 3-gallate (EGCg), epiafzelechin, fisetinidol, gallocatechin (GC), gallcatechin 3-gallate (GCg), guibourtinidol, mesquitol, robinetinidol, theaflavin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3 '-gallate, theflavin-3,3'-digallate, thearubigin), flavan-4-ols (e.g., apiforol and/or luteoforol) and/or flavan-3,4-diols (e.g., leucocyanidin, leucodelphinidin, leucofisetinidin, leucomalvidin, luecopelargonidin, leucopeonidin, leucorobinetinidin, melacacidin and/or teracacidin) and/or dimers, trimers, oligomers and/or polymers thereof (e.g., one or more proanthocyanidins), one or more isoflavonoids, such as one or more isoflavones or flavonoid derivatives (e.g., biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein and/or glycitein), isoflavanes (e.g., equol, ionchocarpane and/or laxifloorane), isoflavandiols, isoflavenes (e.g., glabrene, haginin D and/or 2-methoxyjudaicin), coumestans (e.g., coumestrol, plicadin and/or wedelolactone), pterocarpans, roetonoids, neoflavonoids (e.g., calophyllolide, coutareagenin, dalbergichromene, dalbergin, nivetin), and/or pterocarpans (e.g., bitucarpin A, bitucarpin B, erybraedin A, erybraedin B, erythrabyssin II, erthyrabissin-1, erycristagallin, glycinol, glyceollidins, glyceollins, glycyrrhizol, maackiain, medicarpin, morisianine, orientanol, phaseolin, pisatin, striatine, trifolirhizin), and combinations thereof. Flavonoids and their derivatives may be included in the present composition in any suitable form, including, but not limited to, polymorphic and crystalline forms. Flavonoids may be included in the composition according to the invention in any suitable amount(s) or concentration(s). The amount/concentration of a flavonoid(s) may be an amount effective to impart a benefit to a plant, which may be indirectly through activity on soil microorganisms or other means, such as to enhance plant nutrition and/or yield. According to some embodiments, a flavonoid amount/concentration may not be effective to enhance the nutrition or yield of the plant without the beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as LCO, CO, and/or one or more pesticides.
The compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more suitable nonflavonoid nod-gene inducer(s), including, but not limited to, jasmonic acid ([lR-[la,2P(Z)]]-3-oxo-2- (pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid; JA), linoleic acid ((Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid) and/or linolenic acid ((Z,Z,Z)-9, 12, 15 -octadecatrienoic acid), and analogues, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, polymers, salts and solvates thereof. Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), collectively known as jasmonates, are octadecanoid-based compounds that occur naturally in some plants (e.g., wheat), fungi (e.g., Botryodiplodia theobromae, Gibbrella fujikuroi), yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli). Linoleic acid and linolenic acid may be produced in the course of the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. Jasmonates, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (and their derivatives) are reported to be inducers of nod gene expression or LCO production by rhizobacteria. See, e.g., Mabood et al., PLANT PHYSIOL. BIOCHEM. 44(11): 759 (2006); Mabood et al., AGR. J. 98(2):289 (2006); Mabood et al., FIELD CROPS RES.95(2-3):412 (2006); and Mabood & Smith, Linoleic and linolenic acid induce the expression of nod genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 3, PLANT BIOL. (2001).
Derivatives of jasmonic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid that may be included or used in combination with the compound and the composition according to the invention include esters, amides, glycosides and salts thereof. Representative esters are compounds in which the carboxyl group of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid has been replaced with a —COR group, where R is an —OR1 group, in which R1 is: an alkyl group, such as a Ci-Cs unbranched or branched alkyl group, e.g., a methyl, ethyl or propyl group; an alkenyl group, such as a C2-C8 unbranched or branched alkenyl group; an alkynyl group, such as a C2-C8 unbranched or branched alkynyl group; an aryl group having, for example, 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl group having, for example, 4 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatoms in the heteroaryl group can be, for example, N, O, P, or S. Representative amides are compounds in which the carboxyl group of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid has been replaced with a —COR group, where R is an NR2R3 group, in which R2 and R3 are each independently: a hydrogen; an alkyl group, such as a Ci-Cs unbranched or branched alkyl group, e.g., a methyl, ethyl or propyl group; an alkenyl group, such as a C2-C8 unbranched or branched alkenyl group; an alkynyl group, such as a C2-C8 unbranched or branched alkynyl group; an aryl group having, for example, 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl group having, for example, 4 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatoms in the heteroaryl group can be, for example, N, O, P, or S. Esters may be prepared by known methods, such as acid-catalyzed nucleophilic addition, wherein the carboxylic acid is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a mineral acid. Amides may also be prepared by known methods, such as by reacting the carboxylic acid with the appropriate amine in the presence of a coupling agent, such as dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC), under neutral conditions. Suitable salts of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and jasmonic acid include, for example, base addition salts. The bases that may be used as reagents to prepare metabolically acceptable base salts of these compounds include those derived from cations such as alkali metal cations (e.g., potassium and sodium) and alkaline earth metal cations (e.g., calcium and magnesium). These salts may be readily prepared by mixing a solution of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid with a solution of the base. The salts may be precipitated from solution and collected by filtration, or may be recovered by other means such as by evaporation of the solvent.
Non-flavonoid nod-gene inducers may be used in combination with the compound and the composition according to the invention in any suitable amount(s)/concentration(s). For example, the amount/concentration of non-flavonoid nod-gene inducers may be an amount effective to impart or confer a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied. According to some embodiments, the amount/concentration of non-flavonoid nodgene inducers may not be effective to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as a LCO, CO and/or one or more pesticides.
The compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with karrakins, including but not limited to 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-ones, as well as analogues, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, polymers, salts and solvates thereof. Examples of biologically acceptable salts of karrakins include acid addition salts formed with biologically acceptable acids, examples of which include hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulphate or bisulphate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate, acetate, benzoate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, lactate, citrate, tartrate, gluconate; methanesulphonate, benzenesulphonate and p-toluenesulphonic acid. Additional biologically acceptable metal salts may include alkali metal salts, with bases, examples of which include the sodium and potassium salts. Karrakins may be incorporated into the composition according to the invention in any suitable amount(s) or concentration(s). For example, the amount/concentration of a karrakin may be an amount or concentration effective to impart or confer a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied. In an aspect, a karrakin amount/concentration may not be effective to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as a LCO, CO and/or one or more pesticides.
The compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more anthocyanidins and/or anthoxanthins, such as one or more of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, flavones (e.g., apigenin, baicalein, chrysin, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, diosmin, flavoxate, 6- hydroxyflavone, luteolin, scutellarein, tangeritin and/or wogonin) and/or flavonols (e.g., amurensin, astragalin, azaleatin, azalein, fisetin, furanoflavonols galangin, gossypetin, 3-hydroxyflavone, hyperoside, icariin, isoquercetin, kaempferide, kaempferitrin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, morin, myricetin, myricitrin, natsudaidain, pachypodol, pyranoflavonols quercetin, quericitin, rhamnazin, rhamnetin, robinin, rutin, spiraeoside, troxerutin and/or zanthorhamnin), and combinations thereof.
The compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with gluconolactone and/or an analogue, derivative, hydrate, isomer, polymer, salt and/or solvate thereof. Gluconolactone may be incorporated into the composition according to the inventionin any suitable amount(s)/concentration(s). For example, the amount/concentration of a gluconolactone amount/concentration may be an amount effective to impart or confer a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied. In an aspect, the gluconolactone amount/concentration may not be effective to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as a LCO, CO and/or one or more pesticides.
The compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more suitable nutrient(s) and/or fertilizer(s), such as organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, taurine, etc.), macrominerals (e.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, etc.), trace minerals (e.g., boron, cobalt, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, etc.), vitamins, (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bi, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin Bg, vitamin B7, vitamin Bx. vitamin B<>, vitamin B|2. choline) vitamin C, vitamin
D, vitamin E, vitamin K.), and/or carotenoids (a-carotene, P-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin, etc.), and combinations thereof. In an aspect, the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with macro- and micronutrients of plants or microbes, including phosphorous, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and/or zinc. According to some embodiments, the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more beneficial micronutrients. Non-limiting examples of micronutrients for use in compositions described herein may include vitamins, (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B9, vitamin B 12, choline) vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin
E, vitamin K, carotenoids (a-carotene, P-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin, etc.), macrominerals (e.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, etc.), trace minerals (e.g., boron, cobalt, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, etc.), organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, taurine, etc.), and combinations thereof (BAYFOLAN secure, BAYFOLAN complete, BAYFOLAN energy, BAYFOLAN power, Aglukon GmbH, Germany). In a particular aspect, compositions may comprise phosphorous, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and/or zinc, and combinations thereof. For compositions comprising phosphorous, it is envisioned that any suitable source of phosphorous may be used. For example, phosphorus may be derived from a rock phosphate source, such as monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, super phosphate, triple super phosphate, and/or ammonium polyphosphate, an organic phosphorous source, or a phosphorous source capable of solubilization by one or more microorganisms (e.g., Penicillium bilaiae).
In accordance with the invention, the term "mixture" means various combinations of at least two of the abovementioned active ingredients which are possible, such as, for example, ready mixes, tank mixes (which is understood as meaning spray slurries prepared from the formulations of the individual active ingredients by combining and diluting prior to the application) or combinations of these (for example, a binary ready mix of two of the abovementioned active ingredients is made into a tank mix by using a formulation of the third individual substance). According to the invention, the individual active ingredients may also be employed sequentially, i.e. one after the other, at a reasonable interval of a few hours or days, in the case of the treatment of seed for example also by applying a plurality of layers which contain different active ingredients. Preferably, it is immaterial in which order the individual active ingredients can be employed. In one preferred embodiment, however, the active ingredients are applied simultaneously to their target, e.g. the combination is a tank mix or a formulation comprising the active ingredients.
The compounds according to formula (I) can be employed as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use solutions, suspensions, wettable powders, pastes, soluble powders, dusts and granules. They are applied in the customary manner, for example by pouring, spraying, atomizing, scattering, dusting, foaming, painting on and the like. It is furthermore possible to apply the compounds according to formula (I) by the ultra-low-volume method or to inject the active ingredient preparation, or the active ingredient itself, into the soil. The vegetative propagation material of the plants may also be treated.
When employing a compound selected from among the compounds according to formula (I), the application rates may be varied within a substantial range, depending on the type of application. In the treatment of plant parts, the application rates of active ingredient are preferably between 0.1 and 10 OOOg/ha, more preferred between 10 and 1 OOOg/ha. In the treatment of vegetative propagation material, the application rates of active ingredient are preferably between 0.001 and 50g per kilogram of vegetative propagation material, more preferred between 0.01 and 10g per kilogram of vegetative propagation material. In the treatment of the soil, the application rates of active ingredient are preferably between 0.1 and 10 OOOg/ha, more preferred between 1 and 5 OOOg/ha.
Bacillus subtilis sp. strain QST713 is generally applied at a rate of between 3,00E+05 colony forming units (cfu)/ha and 5,00E+10 cfu/ha when treated in furrow or between 5,00E+08 cfu/ton tubers and l,00E+l l cfu/ton tubers when dipped or sprayed or l,00E+5 - l,00E+8 cfu/ 1000 grams of botanical seeds Application rates per row meter depend on row distance and accordingly the number of rows per hectare as the application rate per hectare remains the same regardless of row distance.
In particular, application rates also depend on the product comprising Bacillus subtilis QST713.
For full field treatment, Bacillus subtilis sp. strain QST713 is generally applied at a rate of between 3,00E+09 colony forming units (cfu)/ha and 5,00E+9 cfu/ha when treated as full field application prior to planting.
For in furrow treatment, rates for the product Serenade ASO comprising B. subtilis QST713 range between 3,00E+07 cfu/ha and l,00E+10 cfu/ha, preferably between 3,00E+08 cfu/ha and 8,00E+09 cfu/ha, more preferably between 3,00E+09 cfu/ha and 5,00E+09. For a row distance of 66 cm, this most preferred range corresponds to between l,98E+05 and 3,30E+05 cfu/m row, for 75 cm to between 2,25E+05 and 3,75E+05 cfu/m row and for 90 cm to between 2,70E+05 and 4,50E+05 cfu/m row.
For another formulation of QST713 (HiCFU) rates range between l,50E+09 cfu/ha and 3,00E+l l cfu/ha, preferably between l,00E+10 cfu/ha and 5,00E+10 cfu/ha, more preferably between l,50E+10 cfu/ha and 3,00E+10 when treated in furrow. For a row distance of 66 cm, this most preferred range corresponds to between 9,90E+05 and l,98E+06 cfu/m row, for 75 cm to between l,13E+06 and 2,25E+06 cfu/m row and for 90 cm to between l,35E+06 and 2,70E+06 cfu/m row.
The Bacillus strain, in particular B. subtilis strain QST713 or a mutant thereof, may also be applied to soil and/or plants in plug trays or to seedlings prior to transplanting to a different plant locus. When applied to the soil in contact with the plant roots, to the base of the plant, or to the soil within a specific distance around the base of the plant, including as a soil drench treatment, the strain may be applied as a single application or as multiple applications. The strain may be applied at the rates set forth above for drench treatments or a rate of about 1 x 105 to about 1 x 108 cfu per gram of soil, 1 x 105 to about 1 x 107 cfu per gram of soil, 1 x
105 to about 1x106 cfu per gram of soil, 7 x 105 to about 1 x 10 7 cfu per gram of soil, 1 x 106 to about 5 x
106 cfu per gram of soil, or 1 x 105 to about 3 x 106 cfu per gram of soil. In one embodiment, the strain is applied as a single application at a rate of about 7 x 105 to about 1 x 107 cfu per gram of soil. In another embodiment, the strain is applied as a single application at a rate of about 1 x 106 to about 5 x 106 cfu per gram of soil. In other embodiments, the strain is applied as multiple applications at a rate of 10 about 1 x 105 to about 3 x 106 cfu per gram of soil.
The examples which follow are intended to illustrate the invention, but without imposing any limitation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the resulting infection rate, shoot index and disease index of different drench and seed treatments according to present Example 3 in a comparative way. Fig. 2A shows the mean percentage of plants in the individual disease classes (cf. Table 3) at P. brassicae (P.b.) concentrations of 106 spores / mb for “seed treatments” vs. “drench treatments” vs. “infected controls”.
Fig. 2B shows the mean percentage of plants in the individual disease classes (cf. Table 3) at P. brassicae (P.b.) concentrations of 107 spores / mb for “seed treatments” vs. “drench treatments” vs. “infected controls”.
Examples
Abbreviations
Figure imgf000074_0001
Example 1: in vivo-Test for clubroot disease growth chamber conditions in Canada
The test is performed under growth chamber conditions.
Two canola hybrids (Brassica napus L.) were used in two separate studies of the same treatment list. Hybrid DKTF 96 SC doesn’t carry any clubroot resistance QTL. Hybrid X49732G1 carrying Tosca- originated resistance gene is moderately resistant to pathotypes 3H (Canadian Clubroot Differential, CCD, Strelkov et al. 2018). Canola seeds were treated with Isotianil FS 200 G at three different dose rates (1g ai/dt, 10g ai/dt, 100g ai/dt). The causal agent of clubroot Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotype 3H was used. This pathotype is the predominant pathotype in western Canada since the outbreak of the disease on canola in 2003. Four spore concentrations were used in experiments: 1 x 105 spores/mL, 1 x 106 spores/mL, 1 x 107 spores/mL and 1 x 108 spores/mL. In addition, untreated control and water-inoculated control were included in the experiment. Completely randomized block design was used in experiments. For each hybrid/treatment combination, there were four replicates. Because small pots were used, four pots were considered as one replicate and each pot comprising 6 plants. Therefore, total number of plants per hybrid/treatment combination was 96 (4 replicate x 4 pots x 6 plants).
Seeding:
Seeds were sown in square plastic pots (3” in diameter, 5” in depth; 6 seedlings per pot) filled with organic growth mix that were adequately watered. Pots were placed in 10” x 20” plastic trays after seeding and kept at 22°C (day)/ 16°C (night) with 16 h photoperiod for 6 days. Inoculum preparation:
Six days after seeding, clubroot galls (stored at -20 °C freezer to room temperature) were soaked in water for 2 h. Galls were grinded into a fine suspension with water using a coffee grinder and the slurry was filtered through 4 layers of cheesecloth. Spore concentrations were counted using a Hemacytometer and diluted to the final concentrations.
Inoculation:
Canola seedlings were inoculated six days after seeding. The pots were thoroughly watered before inoculating. Seedlings were inoculated by pipetting spore suspension or water into growth mix around the roots (2 mb per plant). After inoculation, the 10” x 20” tray was covered with a humidity dome and pots were incubated at a constant temperature of 21 °C /16°C and a 16 h/8 h day/night shift for 7 days, or until the soil appears to be drying out. After that, plants were watered and fertilized as required.
Data collection
Six weeks after planting, clubroot severity of each plant was assessed. The plant along with growth mix was carefully removed from the pot. Plants were gently removed from the growth mix and clubroot symptoms on root system were assessed using a rating scale of 0-3 (Table 1). Disease severity index (DI) of each replicate was calculated using the formula of Horiuchi and Hori (1980) as modified by Strelkov et al. (2006):
Figure imgf000075_0001
(n: number of plants; N: total number of plants).
The disease incidence of each replicate was calculated according to this formula: disease incidence = Number of susceptible plants/total number of plants assessed.
Table 1: Clubroot rating classes for Brassica
Figure imgf000075_0002
The tables below clearly indicate that Isotianil is reducing clubroot disease when applied as seed treatment. Table 2: Results
Figure imgf000076_0002
Example 2: in Test for clubroot disease under greenhouse conditions in Europe
Figure imgf000076_0001
The test is performed under greenhouse conditions. Winter rapeseeds Brassica napus L., treated with water (untreated) or with the active compound Isotianil (c.f. Table 4). Formulated product was seed treated at desired dose rates by adjusting volumes to a total slurry of 2000 ml/dt adding distilled water (aqua dest.).
Seeds were sown in 13 x 13 x 13 cm pots (2 seedlings/pot) filled with soil mixture consistent of standard soil type (“Einheits Erde Classic”), which was sieved and mixed with sand (“Sahara Spielsand”) in the ratio soil:sand (4: 1) and hot steamed for 120 min. Pots were adequately watered and put in a tray to ease irrigation and water supply. Plants grew in the green house with a temperature range from (16.4 to 29.7°C) and a relative humidity of 19 to 75%.
Inoculation:
Rapeseed plants were infected 5 days after drench treatments and 10 days of sowing with 2 ml inoculum pipetted per plant. Plasmodiophora brassicae e3 single spore isolate at different concentrations were used. In addition, an untreated, non-inoculated control was treated with 2 ml phosphate buffer (50 mmol KH2PO4, pH 5.5).
With these concentrations P. brassicae - infection reached more than 90% in the infected control treatments for any P. brassicae spore concentrations.
Assessment
For analyses, six weeks old plants were gently removed from the soil and roots were washed to free-up remaining soil, using a brush for support. Whole plants remained in the water until every plant from every treatment group was harvested. Treatments were always harvested in the same arrange of their distribution in the replicates in the greenhouse.
Clubroot symptoms in rape seeds were assessed by rating the roots of infected plants according to the scale of Yoshikawa et al. (1977), (Table 3).
Table 3: Clubroot rating classes for Brassica according to Yoshikawa et al. (1977).
Figure imgf000077_0001
Disease index (DI) was calculated according to Siemens et al. (2002) that describes the severity of the infection. The DI was calculated using the formula:
DI = ((Ini+2n2+3n3+4n4)* 100)/Ntotai ni to n4 is the number of plants in the indicated disease class
Ntotai is the total number of plants tested The percent of plants in each disease class was calculated as well as the infection rate (as the percent value of infected plants in each treatment).
Biomass indicators provide evidence reverses the general status of plants in the treatment, and they are positively related to expected yields and maturity indices. Shoot index and dry-matter index were calculated for all treatments according to the non-infected control. The shoot index is the weight of infected / control shoots. For both, the shoot index and the dry-matter index small values indicate that the plants perform well, despite of infection.
The plant index is the value that shows how much better a plant is doing for shoot fresh weight (infected vs control), here high values (>1) indicate that the upper parts of infected plants perform well, despite infection.
Table 4: Treatment details per experiment.
Figure imgf000078_0001
Figure imgf000079_0001
The tables below clearly indicate that Isotianil (alone or in combination with other compounds) is reducing clubroot disease when applied either as seed treatments or as drench treatments.
Experiment 2: Table 5: Results per treatment.
Figure imgf000079_0002
Experiment 3 :
Table 6: Results per treatment.
Figure imgf000079_0003
Experiment 4:
Table 7: Results per treatment.
Figure imgf000080_0001
Experiment 5 : Table 8: Results per treatment.
Figure imgf000080_0002
Example 3: in Test for clubroot disease under greenhouse conditions in Europe
The test is performed under greenhouse conditions.
Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), treated with water (untreated), with the active compound Isotianil and/or with QST713 (c.f. Table 9). Formulated product was seed treated at desired dose rates by adjusting volumes to a total slurry of 2000 ml/dt adding distilled water (aqua dest.).
Seeds were sown in 13 x 13 x 13 cm pots (2 seedlings/pot) filled with soil mixture consistent of standard soil type (“Einheits Erde Classic”), which was sieved and mixed with sand (“Sahara Spielsand”) in the ratio soil:sand (4: 1) and hot steamed for 120 min. Pots were adequately watered and put in a tray to ease irrigation and water supply. Plants grew in the green house with a temperature range from (16.4 to 29.7°C) and a relative humidity of 19 to 75%.
Inoculation:
Rapeseed plants were infected 5 days after drench treatments and 10 days of sowing with 2 ml inoculum pipetted per plant. Plasmodiophora brassicae e3 single spore isolate at different concentrations were used. In addition, an untreated, non-inoculated control was treated with 2 ml phosphate buffer (50 mmol KH2PO4, pH 5.5).
With these concentrations P. brassicae - infection reached more than 90% in the infected control treatments for any P. brassicae spore concentrations. Assessment
For analyses, six weeks old plants were gently removed from the soil and roots were washed to free-up remaining soil, using a brush for support. Whole plants remained in the water until every plant from every treatment group was harvested. Treatments were always harvested in the same arrange of their distribution in the replicates in the greenhouse. Clubroot symptoms in rape seeds were assessed by rating the roots of infected plants according to the scale of Yoshikawa et al. (1977) as described for Example 2.
Disease index (DI) was calculated according to Siemens et al. (2002) as also described for Example 2.
The percent of plants in each disease class was calculated as well as the infection rate (as the percent value of infected plants in each treatment). Biomass indicators provide evidence reverses the general status of plants in the treatment, and they are positively related to expected yields and maturity indices.
Table 9: Treatment list per study time and experiment. The P. brassicae (Pb) isolates were e3 (single spore = SSI). HiCFU = Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713-HiCFU; ST = Seed treatment; drench = drench application at planting.
Figure imgf000082_0001
A comparison of the results for different drench and seed treatments is shown in Fig. 1. Control = no treatments; Pb = P. brassicae = inoculation with 106 or 107 spores ml 1 (dark grey and light grey, respectively); Isotianil applied at 2 concentrations and with/without HiCFU = Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713-HiCFU. The concentrations and methods for seed coating are given in the methods. Mean values for 3 individual experiments including 20 plants per treatment are shown. The statistically significant differences for p < 0.5 are indicated by different letters per inoculation density.
In addition, Figs. 2A and 2B illustrate the mean percentage of plants in the individual disease classes (for the disease classe, cf. Table 3), considering different spore concentrations of P. brassicae (Fig 2A at 106 spores / m , Fig. 2B at 107 spores / mb) and for the different treatment ways (seed treatment, drench treatment and infected controls). Figs. 1, 2A, and 2B clearly indicate that Isotianil (alone or in combination with QST713) is reducing clubroot disease when applied either as seed treatments or as drench treatments.

Claims

Claims:
1. Use of Isotianil of formula (I)
Figure imgf000083_0001
for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants selected from Brassica napus.
Use of Isotianil according to claim 1, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
3. Use of Isotianil according to claim 1, wherein the plant is canola.
4. Use of Isotianil according to claim 1, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
5. Use of Isotianil according to claim 1 , wherein the plant is a canola hybrid.
6. Use of Isotianil according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein Isotianil is used in combination with QST713.
7. A method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica napus plant or a plant part of a Brassica napus plant with Isotianil.
8. A method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica napus plant or plant part of a Brassica napus plant with a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein Isotianil is used in combination with QST713.
10. A method for protecting a Brassica napus plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the seed is further treated with QST713.
12. The method according to any one of claims 10 and 11, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
13. The method according to any one of claims 10 and 11, wherein the seeds are canola seeds.
14. The method according to any one of claims 10 and 11, wherein the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
15. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the seeds are treated with Isotianil at a dose range from 0. Ig/dt seeds to lOOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds, even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds.
16. A method for protecting seeds of a Brassica napus plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the seed is further treated with QST713
18. Seeds, treated with Isotianil, wherein the seeds are seeds of Brassica napus.
19. Seeds, treated with Isotianil and QST713, wherein the seeds are seeds of Brassica napus, canola, winter oilseed rape or spring oilseed rape.
PCT/EP2023/076709 2022-11-17 2023-09-27 Use of isotianil for controlling plasmodiophora brassica Ceased WO2024104643A1 (en)

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