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WO2023141894A1 - 车辆总装生产线和车辆总装的方法 - Google Patents

车辆总装生产线和车辆总装的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023141894A1
WO2023141894A1 PCT/CN2022/074378 CN2022074378W WO2023141894A1 WO 2023141894 A1 WO2023141894 A1 WO 2023141894A1 CN 2022074378 W CN2022074378 W CN 2022074378W WO 2023141894 A1 WO2023141894 A1 WO 2023141894A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
assembly
electric chassis
station
assembled
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/074378
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王浩
李永杰
吴凯
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/074378 priority Critical patent/WO2023141894A1/zh
Priority to CN202280006563.4A priority patent/CN116829442A/zh
Priority to EP22922740.0A priority patent/EP4403443A4/en
Publication of WO2023141894A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023141894A1/zh
Priority to US18/642,303 priority patent/US20240270337A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D65/00—Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
    • B62D65/02—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
    • B62D65/022—Transferring or handling sub-units or components, e.g. in work stations or between workstations and transportation systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D65/00—Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
    • B62D65/02—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
    • B62D65/024—Positioning of sub-units or components with respect to body shell or other sub-units or components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D65/00—Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
    • B62D65/02—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D65/00—Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
    • B62D65/02—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
    • B62D65/12—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components the sub-units or components being suspensions, brakes or wheel units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D65/00—Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
    • B62D65/02—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
    • B62D65/14—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components the sub-units or components being passenger compartment fittings, e.g. seats, linings, trim, instrument panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D65/00—Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly, or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise provided for
    • B62D65/02—Joining sub-units or components to, or positioning sub-units or components with respect to, body shell or other sub-units or components
    • B62D65/18—Transportation, conveyor or haulage systems specially adapted for motor vehicle or trailer assembly lines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/60—Intended control result
    • G05D1/646—Following a predefined trajectory, e.g. a line marked on the floor or a flight path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D2107/00—Specific environments of the controlled vehicles
    • G05D2107/70—Industrial sites, e.g. warehouses or factories
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D2109/00—Types of controlled vehicles
    • G05D2109/10—Land vehicles

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of automobiles, in particular to a vehicle assembly production line and a vehicle assembly method.
  • the traditional passenger car assembly line is usually divided into interior line, chassis line and exterior line.
  • interior line chassis line
  • exterior line The traditional passenger car assembly line is usually divided into interior line, chassis line and exterior line.
  • OEMs for interior and exterior lines use skateboards or plate chains for transportation, which basically have a special civil construction foundation, which is inconvenient for renovation or expansion, and the shutdown period is long and the investment is also large.
  • the chassis line involves the lower operating surface of the vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary, for example, to create the lower vehicle body operating surface and form an assembly line.
  • the form of the holding line is fixed, the initial investment is large, and the later transformation and maintenance are very difficult.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle assembly production line and a vehicle assembly method, which can greatly improve the efficiency of vehicle assembly.
  • a vehicle assembly line in the first aspect, includes an electric chassis and a vehicle body to be assembled, the vehicle body is used to connect with the electric chassis, the electric chassis is provided with a navigation device, and the navigation device uses In order to control the electric chassis to travel according to the predetermined route;
  • the vehicle assembly production line includes: a body positioning device, which is used to control the electric chassis to travel to the assembling station according to the predetermined route under the condition that the navigation device controls, placing the vehicle body on the electric chassis, so as to connect the vehicle body and the electric chassis at the assembly station; wherein, the navigation device is also used for: controlling the connected vehicle body and the electric chassis;
  • the electric chassis travels to a plurality of assembly stations sequentially according to the predetermined route, so as to complete the assembly of the vehicle at the plurality of assembly stations, and the assembled vehicle goes off the assembly line at the off-line station.
  • the navigation device can control the electric chassis to travel along a predetermined route by installing a navigation device on the electric chassis.
  • the navigation device can first control the electric chassis to drive to the assembly station according to the predetermined route.
  • the electric chassis is connected to the body, canceling the bottom working surface in the traditional assembly process, and avoiding the use of holding tools.
  • the connected electric chassis and body are controlled by the navigation device to complete other assembly operations in sequence according to the predetermined route, forming a through-type machine transport line, canceling the large board line of the interior, which greatly improves the Assembly efficiency.
  • multiple navigation devices can be used to control multiple vehicles to be assembled to form a vehicle assembly line, and vehicles can be assembled in batches without a large amount of civil construction investment, which simplifies the mechanical transportation form and transfer form of final assembly, and reduces the cost of mechanical transportation construction. Investment and cycle, and the right amount of navigation devices can be reasonably equipped according to the required output.
  • the layout of each assembly station of the vehicle assembly line can be continuously debugged and optimized according to the process requirements. Re-merging, high degree of flexibility, compatible with various vehicle platforms. Specifically, when the vehicle assembly line needs to be modified or expanded, the walking path stored by the navigation device can be adjusted, for example, the navigation magnetic guide bar or positioning code of the navigation device is adjusted to change the predetermined route stored in it, or By increasing the number of navigation devices and adjusting the corresponding procedures, the retrofitting work is greatly simplified with little or no increase in downtime.
  • the electric chassis includes a lower body frame, a suspension system, a steering system, a braking system, a chassis electrical control system and an energy storage system; the suspension system, the steering system, the braking system, the chassis electrical control system and the energy storage system are all installed on the lower body frame.
  • the electric chassis integrates the driving control system and the energy storage system, the electric chassis can be connected with the body first, and the bottom working surface in the traditional assembly process is canceled, which also avoids the use of the holding wire to create bottom work.
  • there is no need for a large amount of civil construction investment which simplifies the mechanical transportation form and transfer form of the final assembly, and reduces the investment and cycle of mechanical transportation construction.
  • the electric chassis further includes: a cooling heat pump system, and the cooling heat pump system is installed on the lower vehicle body frame.
  • At least one assembly station of the plurality of assembly stations includes a height adjustment device, and the height adjustment device is used to complete the assembly at different heights of the connected body and the electric chassis. Assembly work.
  • the height adjustment setting can be set at the assembly station so that the connected body and
  • the ergonomics can meet the requirements without investing a lot of civil construction, which reduces the cost of the vehicle assembly line.
  • the vehicle assembly line further includes the navigation device, and the navigation device is configured to be installed on the electric chassis at a fixed station.
  • the vehicle assembly line further includes: an off-line device, configured to separate the assembled vehicle from the navigation device at an off-line station, so that the assembled vehicle is off-line.
  • an off-line device configured to separate the assembled vehicle from the navigation device at an off-line station, so that the assembled vehicle is off-line. In this way, the navigation device separated from the vehicle can still be used, so that the navigation device can continue to be used to control other vehicles to be assembled to complete the final assembly according to the predetermined route.
  • the navigation device is set on the electric chassis of the next vehicle to be assembled after it is separated from the assembled vehicle at the off-line station, and the navigation device is also used to control the The electric chassis of the next vehicle to be assembled travels to the assembly station to carry out the final assembly process of the next vehicle to be assembled, and by analogy, the vehicle's final assembly line is formed.
  • the repeated use of the navigation device can further reduce the cost of the vehicle assembly line.
  • the plurality of assembly stations include: a plurality of interior assembly stations for performing interior assembly work of the vehicle; a plurality of exterior work stations for performing exterior work of the vehicle .
  • the interior assembly work of the vehicle is completed through a plurality of interior assembly stations and a plurality of exterior assembly stations.
  • the vehicle assembly line further includes: a pre-assembly device, used to transport the body to be assembled from the body buffer area to the front compartment pre-assembly station before the assembly station , to complete the front cabin pre-assembly work of the vehicle body to be assembled at the front cabin pre-assembly station.
  • a pre-assembly device used to transport the body to be assembled from the body buffer area to the front compartment pre-assembly station before the assembly station , to complete the front cabin pre-assembly work of the vehicle body to be assembled at the front cabin pre-assembly station.
  • a method for vehicle assembly including: controlling the electric chassis of the vehicle to drive to the assembly station according to a predetermined route through a navigation device, the navigation device is arranged on the electric chassis;
  • the body of the vehicle to be assembled is placed on the electric chassis, so as to connect the body and the electric chassis at the assembly station; the connected body and the electric chassis are controlled by the navigation device Travel to a plurality of assembly stations sequentially according to the predetermined route, so as to complete the assembly of the vehicle at the plurality of assembly stations; at the off-line station, the assembled vehicle goes off the assembly line.
  • the electric chassis includes a lower body frame, a suspension system, a steering system, a braking system, a chassis electrical control system and an energy storage system; the suspension system, the steering system, the braking system, the chassis electrical control system and the energy storage system are all installed on the lower body frame.
  • the electric chassis further includes: a cooling heat pump system, and the cooling heat pump system is installed on the lower vehicle body frame.
  • At least one assembly station of the plurality of assembly stations includes a height adjustment device, and the height adjustment device is used to complete the assembly at different heights of the connected body and the electric chassis. Assembly work.
  • the method further includes: installing the navigation device on the electric chassis at a fixed station.
  • the assembly-completed vehicle off-line includes: at the off-line station, after separating the assembled vehicle from the navigation device, completing The assembled vehicle rolls off the assembly line.
  • the method further includes: after the navigation device is separated from the assembled vehicle at the end-of-line station, placing the navigation device on the electric chassis of the next vehicle to be assembled , controlling the electric chassis of the next vehicle to be assembled to travel to the assembly station through the navigation device.
  • the plurality of assembly stations include: a plurality of interior assembly stations for performing interior assembly work of the vehicle; a plurality of exterior work stations for performing exterior work of the vehicle .
  • the method further includes: transporting the vehicle body to be assembled from the vehicle body buffer area to a front compartment pre-assembly station before the assembly station, and pre-assembling the vehicle body in the front compartment
  • the distribution station completes the pre-assembly work of the front cabin of the vehicle body to be assembled.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle assembly production disclosed in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an electric chassis of a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an electric chassis provided with a navigation device disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle body disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a connected vehicle body and electric chassis disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a vehicle assembly method disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the various components in the embodiments of the application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length and width of the integrated device, are for illustrative purposes only, and should not constitute any limitation to the application .
  • the vehicle to be assembled does not have the ability to move, and needs the operating surface of the lower body, so it is necessary to create a lower vehicle through various forms of mechanical transport lines and their mutual transfers. Body operation surface, and form the assembly line.
  • traditional general assembly production lines mostly use interior sliding board lines or board chain transportation, involving civil engineering structures, requiring a large amount of investment in fixed assets, and the scope of later transformation and capacity expansion is too large, and the shutdown period is long, which cannot meet the rapid response needs of the existing market .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle assembly line.
  • the vehicle includes an electric chassis and a body to be assembled. Since the electric chassis has the ability to drive and move, a navigation device can be installed on the electric chassis.
  • the device controls the electric chassis to travel according to a predetermined route.
  • the navigation device first controls the electric chassis to travel to the assembly station according to a predetermined route, so as to connect the vehicle body with the electric chassis at the assembly station, so that the operation of getting off the vehicle body is unnecessary during subsequent assembly. After that, the navigation device controls the connected body and electric chassis to pass through multiple assembly stations in sequence according to the predetermined route to complete the assembly of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle assembly line only needs to install a navigation device on the electric chassis to complete each assembly operation.
  • Multiple navigation devices can be used to control multiple vehicles to be assembled to form a vehicle assembly line to assemble vehicles in batches, eliminating the need for traditional methods.
  • Decorative large board line and chassis assembly line greatly improving the assembly efficiency.
  • the predetermined path controlled by the navigation device can be adjusted, for example, the navigation magnetic guide bar or positioning code in the navigation device can be adjusted to change the walking path, or the number of navigation devices can be increased. And adjust the corresponding procedures, it can be realized, the modification work is greatly simplified, and there is no or little increase in downtime.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a vehicle assembly line 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle assembly line 1 can be used to assemble a vehicle 2
  • the vehicle 2 includes an electric chassis 22 and a body 21 to be assembled
  • the body 21 is used to connect with the electric chassis 22 .
  • the electric chassis 22 is provided with a navigation device 11, and the navigation device 11 is used to control the electric chassis 22 to travel along a predetermined route.
  • the vehicle assembly production line 1 includes: a vehicle body positioning device 12, which is used to position the vehicle body 21 to The electric chassis 22 is connected to the vehicle body 21 and the electric chassis 22 at the assembling station 101 .
  • the navigation device 11 is also used for: controlling the connected vehicle body 21 and the electric chassis 22 to drive to a plurality of assembly stations 102 sequentially according to the predetermined route, so as to complete the assembly of the vehicle 2 at the plurality of assembly stations 102 , the assembled vehicle 2 goes off the assembly line at the off-line station 103.
  • the vehicle 2 in the embodiment of the present application may be a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
  • the electric chassis 22 of the vehicle 2 includes an energy storage system, for example, the energy storage system may include a battery for powering the vehicle 2 .
  • the navigation device 11 can control the electric chassis 22 to follow the predetermined route by installing the navigation device 11 on the electric chassis 22. drive.
  • the navigation device 11 can first control the electric chassis 22 to drive to the assembly station 101 according to a predetermined route, and at the assembly station 101, the electric chassis 22 is connected to the vehicle body 21, canceling the bottom working surface in the traditional assembly process, and also It avoids the use of the holding line to create the bottom working surface; after that, the electric chassis 22 and the body 21 connected through the navigation device 11 are controlled and connected to complete other assembly operations in sequence according to the predetermined route, forming a through-type machine transportation line and canceling the interior decoration.
  • the large plate line greatly improves the assembly efficiency.
  • a plurality of navigation devices 11 can be used to control a plurality of automobiles 2 to be assembled to form an automobile assembly line, and to assemble vehicles 2 in batches without a large amount of civil construction investment, which simplifies the mechanical transportation form and transfer form of the final assembly, and reduces the machine speed.
  • the investment and cycle of transportation construction can be reasonably equipped with an appropriate amount of navigation devices 11 according to the required output.
  • the layout of each assembly station of the vehicle assembly line 1 can be continuously debugged and optimized according to the process requirements. It can be installed and re-merged, with a high degree of flexibility, and can be compatible with various vehicle platforms.
  • the walking path stored in the navigation device 11 can be adjusted, for example, the navigation magnetic guide strip or the positioning code of the navigation device 11 is adjusted to change its stored predetermined path. route, or increase the number of navigation devices 11 and adjust the corresponding program, the reconstruction work is greatly simplified, and there is no need or little increase in downtime.
  • the electric chassis 22 in the embodiment of the present application may be an integrated structure of a vehicle chassis and an energy storage system, and the electric chassis 22 has driving capability.
  • the electric chassis 22 may refer to the lower body of the vehicle 2 where the driving control system and the energy storage system are integrated.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an electric chassis 22 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • chassis electrical control system 225 and energy storage system 226 As shown in FIG. System 224, chassis electrical control system 225 and energy storage system 226.
  • suspension system 222, steering system 223, braking system 224, chassis electrical control system 225 and energy storage system 226 are all installed on the lower vehicle body vehicle frame 221.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible position of the suspension system 222, the steering system 223, the braking system 224, the chassis electric control system 225 and the energy storage system 226 on the lower vehicle body frame 221, but the embodiment of the present application It is not limited to this.
  • the suspension system 222 of the embodiment of the present application can refer to the general term of all force transmission connection devices between the lower body frame 221 of the vehicle 2 and the axle or wheels, and its function is to transmit the force between the wheels and the vehicle frame. The force and moment between them, buffer the impact force transmitted from the uneven road to the frame or the body 21, and attenuate the vibration caused by it, so as to ensure the smooth running of the vehicle 2.
  • the steering system 223 of the vehicle 2 may be used to change or maintain the driving or reverse direction of the vehicle 2 .
  • the braking system 224 of the vehicle 2 can be used to forcibly reduce the driving speed of the vehicle 2. 2 stay still.
  • the chassis electric control system 225 of the vehicle 2 may include an electronic electric control module, and may also include a wiring harness and a pipeline system for controlling the electric chassis 22 .
  • Energy storage system 226 of vehicle 2 may be used to power vehicle 2 .
  • the battery of the energy storage system can be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 2 for the circuit system of the vehicle 2 , for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 2 during operation.
  • the battery of the energy storage system can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 2, but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 2, replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 2, The embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the electric chassis 22 may further include: a cooling heat pump system 227 .
  • the cooling heat pump system 227 can be installed on the lower vehicle body frame 221 , for example, at the position shown in FIG. 2 , or at other positions.
  • the cooling heat pump system 227 can be used to provide heat for components that may generate heat when the vehicle 2 is running, it can also be used to cool the components of the vehicle 2, and it can also be used to provide heat or cool the interior space of the vehicle 2, for example, the
  • the cooling heat pump system 227 may include the air conditioner of the vehicle 2, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the navigation device 11 before the navigation device 11 controls the electric chassis to be transported to the assembly station 101, optionally, the navigation device 11 can be set on the electric chassis at the fixed station 104. 22, so that the navigation device 11 can control the electric chassis 22 to travel to the assembly station 101.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an electric chassis 22 installed with a navigation device 11 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the navigation device 11 is used to be installed on the electric chassis 22 at a fixed station 104 .
  • the navigation device 1 can be arranged on the electric chassis 22 manually or mechanically, for example, it can be installed on the lower surface of the electric chassis 22 as shown in FIG. Installed at other positions of the electric chassis 22 , so that the navigation device 11 can control the electric chassis 22 to drive along each station of the vehicle assembly line 1 in sequence according to a predetermined route.
  • the navigation device 11 can be fixed with the electric chassis 22 in various ways, for example, the relative fixing of the electric chassis 22 and the navigation device 11 can be realized through a detachable structure or a non-detachable structure, so that the electric chassis 22 When going through the subsequent assembly station 101 and each assembly station 102, the navigation device 11 remains stable all the time, avoids falling off, and does not affect the assembly of various parts of the vehicle 2, thereby improving the efficiency of assembly.
  • the vehicle body positioning device 12 of the vehicle assembly line 1 places the vehicle body 21 on the electric chassis 22 so as to connect the vehicle body 21 and the electric chassis 22 at the assembling station 101 .
  • the body 22 may be called the body 22 to be assembled.
  • the to-be-assembled vehicle body 22 may refer to the to-be-assembled vehicle body 22 directly transported from the vehicle body buffer area, or the to-be-assembled vehicle body 22 may also be a to-be-assembled vehicle body 22 that has been pre-assembled.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a vehicle body 22 to be assembled according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle assembly line 1 further includes: a pre-assembly device 14 for transporting the vehicle body 21 to be assembled from the vehicle body buffer area to the front cabin before the assembly station 101
  • the pre-assembly station 105 is used to complete the pre-assembly work of the front cabin of the vehicle body 21 to be assembled at the front cabin pre-assembly station 105.
  • the front cabin pre-assembly station 105 can be used to perform the front cabin pre-assembly work, for example, the front cabin pre-assembly work can include the assembly work of the air-conditioning system and the front cabin wiring harness, etc., the embodiment of the present application It is not limited to this.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the vehicle body 21 connected to the electric chassis 22 according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle body 21 is connected to the electric chassis 22 at the assembly station 101 .
  • the electric chassis 22 of the embodiment of the present application is in a basically completed state, and the assembly station 101 of the vehicle assembly line 1 mainly performs processes such as mechanical, electrical, and liquid pipeline connection between the vehicle body 21 and the electric chassis 22 .
  • the navigation device 11 can be used to control the electric chassis 22, so that the electric chassis 22 and the connected vehicle body 21 can travel according to a predetermined route and go through multiple assembly station 102 to complete the assembly of the vehicle 2 . It should be understood that FIG. 1 simplifies a plurality of assembly stations 102 and does not show all assembly stations 102 .
  • the plurality of assembly stations 102 in the embodiment of the present application may include: a plurality of interior decoration assembly stations 1021 and a plurality of exterior decoration stations 1022 .
  • a plurality of interior decoration assembly stations 1021 are used to perform interior decoration assembly work of the vehicle 2 .
  • the interior assembly work may include some or all of the following components: main wiring harness and front cabin wiring harness, brake anti-lock braking system (antilock brake system, ABS) module and brake pipeline, front cabin air conditioning tube , electronic control modules, sunroofs, dashboards, roofs, carpets, center consoles, front and rear windshields and exterior trim.
  • the exterior work may include the assembly of some or all of the following components: front-end modules, headlights, seats, front and rear bumpers, tires, oil filling, and Electrical Check Out System (ECOS).
  • front-end modules the assembly of some or all of the following components: front-end modules, headlights, seats, front and rear bumpers, tires, oil filling, and Electrical Check Out System (ECOS).
  • ECOS Electrical Check Out System
  • the vehicle assembly line 1 in the embodiment of the present application may further include at least one turning path 1023 .
  • the vehicle assembly line 1 may include a plurality of assembly stations 102
  • the vehicle assembly line 1 may also include at least one turning path 1023 to improve site utilization.
  • the vehicle assembly line 1 may include a turning path 1023, and the two ends of the turning path 1023 are respectively used to connect a plurality of interior decoration assembly stations 1021 and a plurality of exterior decoration stations 1022, so that the interior decoration assembly stations 1021 can be divided.
  • the exterior installation station 1022 can also make reasonable use of the site and space.
  • At least one assembly station 102 of the plurality of assembly stations 102 includes a height adjustment device, which is used to complete the assembly work at different heights of the connected vehicle body 21 and the electric chassis 22 .
  • the height adjustment setting can be set at the assembly station 102, so that when connecting When the rear vehicle body 21 and the electric chassis 22 have different requirements on the assembly height, the ergonomics can meet the requirements without investing a lot of civil construction, which reduces the cost of the vehicle assembly line 1 .
  • the height adjustment device in the embodiment of the present application may have many different forms.
  • the height adjustment device may be a step set on the assembly station 102 , so that workers can complete the high-height assembly work required by the vehicle 2 on the step.
  • the height adjustment device may also be a low pit area on the ground provided at the assembly station 102, so that workers can complete the assembly work of the vehicle 2 at a relatively low height in the low pit area.
  • the height adjustment device can also have a device with a lifting function, so that workers or machines can complete the assembly work requirements of the vehicle 2 at different heights; or, the height adjustment device can also be used for lifting the vehicle 2. Examples are not limited to this.
  • the assembled vehicle 1 goes off the assembly line at the off-line station 103 .
  • the vehicle assembly line 1 of the embodiment of the present application may also include an off-line device 13, which is at the off-line station 103, and separates the assembled vehicle 2 from the navigation device 11, so that the assembled vehicle 2 is separated from the navigation device 11.
  • the vehicle 2 rolls off the assembly line.
  • the navigation device 11 can be installed on the electric chassis 22 of the next vehicle 2 to be assembled.
  • the navigation device 11 is also used for: controlling the electric chassis 22 of the next vehicle 2 to be assembled to travel to the assembling station 101 .
  • the assembled vehicle 2 is separated from the navigation device 11 , and the vehicle 2 can leave the vehicle assembly line 1 for further processing.
  • the navigation device 11 after being separated from the vehicle 2 can be transported to the fixed station 104 along the path 1024, so that the navigation device 11 is arranged on the electric chassis 22 of the next vehicle 2 to be assembled, and the navigation device 11 will control the vehicle.
  • the electric chassis 22 of the next vehicle 2 to be assembled travels to the assembly station 101 to start the assembly process of the next vehicle 2.
  • the navigation device 11 can be used repeatedly in the vehicle assembly production line 1 to control multiple A vehicle to be assembled travels according to a predetermined route and completes the final assembly, thereby forming the final assembly line of the vehicle 2. The repeated use of the navigation device 11 can further reduce the cost of the vehicle assembly line 1.
  • the navigation device 11 in order to separate the navigation device 11 from the vehicle 2, the navigation device 11 can be fixed to the vehicle 2 at the fixing station 104 through a detachable structure, so that at the offline station 103, the navigation device 11 can be separated from the vehicle 2. Vehicle 2 separates.
  • the navigation device 11 of the embodiment of the present application may not be separated from the assembled vehicle 2 .
  • the assembled vehicle 2 carries the navigation device 11 off the assembly line, so that the navigation device 11 does not enter the assembly process of the next vehicle 2, so that the speed of the vehicle assembly line 1 can be increased. , it is not necessary to disassemble the navigation device 11 repeatedly, thereby improving the production efficiency of the vehicle 2 .
  • the vehicle assembly production line 1 of the embodiment of the present application is described above, and the vehicle assembly method 300 of the embodiment of the present application will be described below, and the parts not described in detail can be referred to the foregoing embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 300 for vehicle assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 300 includes: S310, control the electric chassis 22 of the vehicle 2 to drive to the assembly station 101 according to a predetermined route through the navigation device 11, and the navigation device 11 is arranged on the electric chassis 22; S320, Put the body 21 of the vehicle 2 to be assembled on the electric chassis 22, so as to connect the body 21 and the electric chassis 22 at the assembly station 101; S330, control the connected body through the navigation device 11 21 and the electric chassis 22 sequentially travel to a plurality of assembly stations 102 according to the predetermined route, so as to complete the assembly of the vehicle 2 at the plurality of assembly stations 102; Wire.
  • the electric chassis 22 includes a lower body frame 221, a suspension system 222, a steering system 223, a braking system 224, a chassis electrical control system 225, and an energy storage system 226; the suspension system 222, the steering system 223 , brake system 224, chassis electrical control system 225 and energy storage system 226 are all installed on the lower vehicle body frame 221.
  • the electric chassis 22 further includes: a cooling heat pump system 227 installed on the lower vehicle body frame 221 .
  • At least one assembly station 102 of the plurality of assembly stations 102 includes a height adjustment device, which is used to complete the assembly work at different heights of the connected vehicle body 21 and the electric chassis 22 .
  • the method 300 further includes: installing the navigation device 11 on the electric chassis 22 at the fixed station 104 .
  • the assembled vehicle 2 is rolled off the assembly line, which specifically includes: at the off-line station 103, after the assembled vehicle 2 is separated from the navigation device 11, the assembled vehicle 2 is taken off the assembly line. Wire.
  • the method 300 further includes: after the navigation device 11 is separated from the assembled vehicle 2 at the end-of-line station 103, setting the navigation device 11 on the electric chassis 22 of the next vehicle 2 to be assembled, and using the navigation device 11 controls the electric chassis 22 of the next vehicle 2 to be assembled to travel to the assembling station 101 .
  • the plurality of assembly stations 102 includes: a plurality of interior assembly stations 1021 for performing interior assembly work of the vehicle 2 ; and a plurality of exterior decoration stations 1022 for performing exterior decoration work of the vehicle 2 .
  • the method 300 also includes: transporting the vehicle body 21 to be assembled from the vehicle body buffer area to the front cabin pre-assembly station 105 before the assembly station 101, and at the front cabin pre-assembly station 105 Finish the front compartment pre-assembly work of the vehicle body 21 to be assembled.

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Abstract

一种车辆总装生产线(1)和车辆(2)总装的方法。车辆(2)包括电动底盘(22)和待装配的车身(21)，车身(21)用于与电动底盘(22)连接，电动底盘(22)设置有导航装置(11)，导航装置(11)用于控制电动底盘(22)按预定路线行驶；车辆总装生产线(1)包括：车身落位装置(12)，用于在导航装置(11)控制电动底盘(22)按预定路线行驶至合装工位(101)的情况下，将车身(21)落位至电动底盘(22)，以在合装工位(101)，连接车身(21)与电动底盘(22)；导航装置(11)还用于：控制连接后的车身(21)与电动底盘(22)按预定路线依次行驶至多个装配工位(102)，以在多个装配工位(102)完成车辆(2)的装配，完成装配的车辆(2)在下线工位(103)处下线。该车辆总装生产线(1)和车辆(2)总装的方法，能够极大地提高车辆总装的效率。

Description

车辆总装生产线和车辆总装的方法 技术领域
本申请涉及汽车技术领域，特别是涉及一种车辆总装生产线和车辆总装的方法。
背景技术
传统的乘用车总装生产线通常分为内饰线、底盘线及外装线。其中，内饰线及外装线绝大多数主机厂采用滑板或者板链输送，基本上都有土建特构基础，改造或者扩能不方便，停产周期较长，投资也大。而底盘线涉及车辆的下部操作面，因此需要例如抱具机运线，以创造下车体操作面并形成装配流水线，但抱具线部分形式固定，前期投资大，后期改造及维护十分困难。
因此，传统总装车间很难适应现有市场快速响应需求。伴随着车型快速更新的趋势和轻资产的造车趋势，更加急需一种柔性化、简单化、易改造且低成本的产线。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种车辆总装生产线和车辆总装的方法，能够极大地提高车辆总装的效率。
第一方面，提供了一种车辆总装生产线，所述车辆包括电动底盘和待装配的车身，所述车身用于与所述电动底盘连接，所述电动底盘设置有导航装置，所述导航装置用于控制所述电动底盘按预定路线行驶；所述车辆总装生产线包括：车身落位装置，用于在所述导航装置控制所述电动底 盘按所述预定路线行驶至合装工位的情况下，将所述车身落位至所述电动底盘，以在所述合装工位，连接所述车身与所述电动底盘；其中，所述导航装置还用于：控制连接后的所述车身与所述电动底盘按所述预定路线依次行驶至多个装配工位，以在所述多个装配工位完成所述车辆的装配，完成装配的所述车辆在下线工位处下线。
因此，本申请实施例的车辆总装生产线，由于电动底盘具有行驶移动能力，因此，可以通过在该电动底盘上安装导航装置的方式，由导航装置控制该电动底盘按照预定路线行驶。该导航装置可以先控制电动底盘按照预定路线行驶至合装工位，在该合装工位处，电动底盘与车身连接，取消了传统总装过程中的底部作业面，也就避免了使用抱具线的方式创造底部作业面；之后，通过导航装置控制连接的电动底盘和车身按照预定路线依次完成其他装配操作，形成了贯通式机运线，取消了内饰的大板线，极大地提高了装配效率。并且，通过多个导航装置以控制多个待装配汽车即可形成汽车总装流水线，以批量装配车辆，无需大量土建施工投入，简化了总装的机运形式和转接形式，降低了机运建设的投资和周期，并且可以根据所需产量合理配备适量的导航装置。
在使用该车辆总装生产线的过程中，可根据工艺需求不断调试及优化该车辆总装生产线的各个装配工位的布置，例如，可根据不同车型的需求，拆分高配安装工艺进行线外分装并重新并线，柔性化程度高，可兼容多种车型平台。具体地，在需要对该车辆总装生产线进行改造或扩能时，可以对导航装置存储的行走路径进行调整，例如，调整导航装置的导航磁导条或定位码以改变其存储的预定路线，或者增加导航装置数量和调整相应程序，改造工作大大简化，并且无需或极少增加停产时间。
在一些实施例中，所述电动底盘包括下车体车架、悬架系统、转向系统、制动系统、底盘电器控制系统和储能系统；所述悬架系统、转向系 统、所述制动系统、所述底盘电器控制系统和所述储能系统均安装于所述下车体车架上。
由于电动底盘将行驶控制系统与储能系统进行集成，以使得该电动底盘可以与车身优先完成连接，取消了传统总装过程中的底部作业面，也就避免了使用抱具线的方式创造底部作业面，无需大量土建施工投入，简化了总装的机运形式和转接形式，降低了机运建设的投资和周期。
在一些实施例中，所述电动底盘还包括：冷却热泵系统，所述冷却热泵系统安装于所述下车体车架上。
在一些实施例中，所述多个装配工位中的至少一个装配工位包括高度调节设备，所述高度调节设备用于完成在连接后的所述车身与所述电动底盘的不同高度上的装配工作。
考虑到多个装配工位涉及该车辆的各个部件的装配工作，不同装配工作对待装配的车辆具有不同的高度要求，因此，可以通过在装配工位设置高度调节设置，使得在连接后的车身与电动底盘对装配高度具有不同要求时，人机工程能够满足要求，而无需投入大量土建施工，降低了该车辆总装生产线的成本。
在一些实施例中，所述车辆总装生产线还包括所述导航装置，所述导航装置用于在固定工位处被安装于所述电动底盘。
在一些实施例中，所述车辆总装生产线还包括：下线装置，用于在下线工位，将完成装配的所述车辆与所述导航装置分离，以使完成装配的所述车辆下线。这样，与车辆分离的导航装置还可以继续使用，使得该导航装置可以继续用于控制其他待装配车辆按照预定路线完成总装。
在一些实施例中，所述导航装置在所述下线工位处与完成装配的所述车辆分离后，设置于下一个待装配车辆的电动底盘上，所述导航装置还用于控制所述下一个待装配车辆的电动底盘行驶至所述合装工位，以进行 下一个待装配车辆的总装过程，并以此类推，形成车辆的总装流水线。导航装置的反复使用，可以进一步降低该车辆总装生产线的成本。
在一些实施例中，所述多个装配工位包括：多个内饰装配工位，用于执行所述车辆的内饰装配工作；多个外装工位，用于执行所述车辆的外装工作。通过多个内饰装配工位和多个外装工位，完成该车辆的内饰装配工作。
在一些实施例中，所述车辆总装生产线还包括：预装配装置，用于将所述待装配的车身自车身缓存区运输至在所述合装工位之前的前舱预装配工位，以在所述前舱预装配工位完成所述待装配的车身的前舱预装配工作。
第二方面，提供了一种车辆总装的方法，包括：通过导航装置控制所述车辆的电动底盘按预定路线行驶至合装工位，所述导航装置设置于所述电动底盘上；将所述车辆的待装配的车身落位至所述电动底盘，以在所述合装工位，连接所述车身与所述电动底盘；通过所述导航装置控制连接后的所述车身与所述电动底盘按所述预定路线依次行驶至多个装配工位，以在所述多个装配工位完成所述车辆的装配；在下线工位，完成装配的所述车辆下线。
在一些实施例中，所述电动底盘包括下车体车架、悬架系统、转向系统、制动系统、底盘电器控制系统和储能系统；所述悬架系统、转向系统、所述制动系统、所述底盘电器控制系统和所述储能系统均安装于所述下车体车架上。
在一些实施例中，所述电动底盘还包括：冷却热泵系统，所述冷却热泵系统安装于所述下车体车架上。
在一些实施例中，所述多个装配工位中的至少一个装配工位包括高度调节设备，所述高度调节设备用于完成在连接后的所述车身与所述电动 底盘的不同高度上的装配工作。
在一些实施例中，所述方法还包括：在固定工位处，将所述导航装置安装于所述电动底盘。
在一些实施例中，所述在下线工位，完成装配的所述车辆下线，包括：在所述下线工位处，在将完成装配的所述车辆与所述导航装置分离后，完成装配的所述车辆下线。
在一些实施例中，所述方法还包括：在所述下线工位处所述导航装置与完成装配的所述车辆分离后，将所述导航装置设置于下一个待装配车辆的电动底盘上，通过所述导航装置控制所述下一个待装配车辆的电动底盘行驶至所述合装工位。
在一些实施例中，所述多个装配工位包括：多个内饰装配工位，用于执行所述车辆的内饰装配工作；多个外装工位，用于执行所述车辆的外装工作。
在一些实施例中，所述方法还包括：将所述待装配的车身自车身缓存区运输至在所述合装工位之前的前舱预装配工位，并在所述前舱预装配工位完成所述待装配的车身的前舱预装配工作。
附图说明
图1是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆总装生产的示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆的电动底盘的结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例公开的一种设置有导航装置的电动底盘的结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例公开的一种车身的结构示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例公开的一种连接后的车身和电动底盘的结构示意图；
图6是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆总装的方法的示意性流程图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
在传统的车辆总装方案中，待装配车辆是不具备移动能力的，并且需要下车身的操作面，也就需要借由各类形式的机运线及其之间的相互转接，创造下车体操作面，并形成装配流水线。同时，传统总装生产线多采 用内饰滑板线或板链输送，涉及土建结构，需要大量固定资产投资，并且后期的改造和扩能改造范围过大，停产周期长，无法适应现有市场快速响应需求。
因此，本申请实施例提供了一种车辆总装生产线，该车辆包括电动底盘和待装配的车身，由于电动底盘具有行驶移动能力，因此，可以通过在该电动底盘上安装导航装置的方式，由导航装置控制该电动底盘按照预定路线行驶。导航装置先控制该电动底盘按照预定路线行驶至合装工位，以在该合装工位将车身与该电动底盘进行连接，以使后续装配时无需再进行下车体操作。之后，导航装置控制连接后的车身和电动底盘按照预定路线，依次经过多个装配工位，以完成车辆的装配。该车辆总装生产线仅需在电动底盘上安装导航装置即可完成各个装配操作，通过多个导航装置以控制多个待装配汽车即可形成汽车总装流水线，以批量装配车辆，取消了传统方式的内饰大板线和底盘合装抱具线，极大地提高了装配效率。并且，在需要对该总装生产线进行改造或扩能时，可以对导航装置控制的预定路径进行调整，例如，调整导航装置内的导航磁导条或定位码以改变行走路径，或者增加导航装置数量和调整相应程序，即可实现，改造工作大大简化，并且无需或极少增加停产时间。
图1示出了本申请实施例的车辆总装生产线1的示意图。如图1所示，该车辆总装生产线1可以用于装配车辆2，该车辆2包括电动底盘22和待装配的车身21，该车身21用于与该电动底盘22连接。其中，该电动底盘22设置有导航装置11，该导航装置11用于控制该电动底盘22按预定路线行驶。具体地，该车辆总装生产线1包括：车身落位装置12，用于在该导航装置11控制该电动底盘22按该预定路线行驶至合装工位101的情况下，将该车身21落位至该电动底盘22，以在该合装工位101，连接该车身21与该电动底盘22。其中，该导航装置11还用于：控制连接后的该车身21与该电动底盘22按该预定路线依次行驶至多个装配工位102，以在该多个装配工位102完成该车辆2的装配，完成装配的该车辆2在下线工位103处下线。
应理解，本申请实施例的车辆2可以为新能源汽车，新能源汽车可 以是纯电动汽车或者混合动力汽车。具体地，该车辆2的电动底盘22包括储能系统，例如，该储能系统可以包括电池，以用于为车辆2供电。
因此，本申请实施例的车辆总装生产线1，由于电动底盘22具有行驶移动能力，因此，可以通过在该电动底盘22上安装导航装置11的方式，由导航装置11控制该电动底盘22按照预定路线行驶。该导航装置11可以先控制电动底盘22按照预定路线行驶至合装工位101，在该合装工位101处，电动底盘22与车身21连接，取消了传统总装过程中的底部作业面，也就避免了使用抱具线的方式创造底部作业面；之后，通过导航装置11控制连接的电动底盘22和车身21按照预定路线依次完成其他装配操作，形成了贯通式机运线，取消了内饰的大板线，极大地提高了装配效率。并且，通过多个导航装置11以控制多个待装配汽车2即可形成汽车总装流水线，以批量装配车辆2，无需大量土建施工投入，简化了总装的机运形式和转接形式，降低了机运建设的投资和周期，并且可以根据所需产量合理配备适量的导航装置11。
在使用该车辆总装生产线1的过程中，可根据工艺需求不断调试及优化该车辆总装生产线1的各个装配工位的布置，例如，可根据不同车型的需求，拆分高配安装工艺进行线外分装并重新并线，柔性化程度高，可兼容多种车型平台。具体地，在需要对该车辆总装生产线1进行改造或扩能时，可以对导航装置11存储的行走路径进行调整，例如，调整导航装置11的导航磁导条或定位码以改变其存储的预定路线，或者增加导航装置11数量和调整相应程序，改造工作大大简化，并且无需或极少增加停产时间。
应理解，本申请实施例的电动底盘22可以为车辆底盘与储能系统的一体化结构，并且，该电动底盘22具有行驶能力。例如，该电动底盘22可以指车辆2的下车体将行驶控制系统与储能系统进行集成。例如，图2示出了本申请实施例的一种电动底盘22的示意图，如图2所示，该电动底盘22可以包括下车体车架221、悬架系统222、转向系统223、制动系统224、底盘电器控制系统225和储能系统226。其中，悬架系统222、转向系统223、制动系统224、底盘电器控制系统225和储能系统226均安 装于下车体车架221上。例如，图2示出了悬架系统222、转向系统223、制动系统224、底盘电器控制系统225和储能系统226在下车体车架221上的一种可能的位置，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
具体地，本申请实施例的悬架系统222可以指车辆2的下车体车架221与车桥或车轮之间的一切传力连接装置的总称，其功能是传递作用在车轮和车架之间的力和力矩，并且缓冲由不平路面传给车架或车身21的冲击力，并衰减由此引起的震动，以保证车辆2平顺行驶。
车辆2的转向系统223可以用于改变或保持车辆2的行驶或倒退方向。
车辆2的制动系统224可以用于使车辆2的行驶速度被强制降低，主要功用是使行驶中的车辆2减速甚至停车、使下坡行驶的车辆2速度保持稳定、使已停驶的车辆2保持不动。
车辆2的底盘电器控制系统225可以包括电子电器控制模块，还可以包括线束以及管路系统，以用于控制电动底盘22。
车辆2的储能系统226可以用于为车辆2供电。例如，该储能系统的电池可以作为车辆2的操作电源，用于车辆2的电路系统，例如，用于车辆2的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，该储能系统的电池不仅仅可以作为车辆2的操作电源，还可以作为车辆2的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆2提供驱动动力，本申请实施例并不限于此。
可选地，如图2所示，该电动底盘22还可以包括：冷却热泵系统227。具体地，该冷却热泵系统227可以安装于下车体车架221上，例如，安装于如图2所示的位置，或者安装于其他位置。该冷却热泵系统227可以用于为在车辆2行驶中可能产生热量的部件提供热量，也可以用于冷却车辆2的部件，还可以用于为车辆2内部空间提供热量或者进行冷却，例如，该冷却热泵系统227可以包括车辆2的空调，本申请实施例并不限于此。
在本申请实施例中，如图1所示，在导航装置11控制该电动底盘运输至合装工位101之前，可选地，可以在固定工位104处，将导航装置 11设置于电动底盘22上，以使得该导航装置11可以控制该电动底盘22行驶至合装工位101。
图3示出了本申请实施例中的安装有导航装置11的电动底盘22的示意图，如图1和图3所示，导航装置11用于在固定工位104处被安装于电动底盘22。具体地，在固定工位104处，可以通过人工或者机械等方式，将导航装置1设置于电动底盘22上，例如，可以如图3所示安装在该电动底盘22的下表面，或者也可以安装在电动底盘22的其他位置处，以使得该导航装置11可以控制该电动底盘22按照预定路线，依次沿该车辆总装生产线1的各个工位行驶。可选的，该导航装置11可以通过多种方式与电动底盘22固定，例如，可以通过可拆卸结构或者不可拆卸结构实现该电动底盘22与导航装置11的相对固定，以使得该电动底盘22在经过后续合装工位101以及各个装配工位102时，导航装置11始终保持稳定，避免脱落，并且不会影响该车辆2的各个部件的装配，提高总装效率。
在本申请实施例中，车辆总装生产线1的车身落位装置12将车身21落位至电动底盘22，以在该合装工位101，连接该车身21与该电动底盘22。
应理解，本申请实施例的车身落位装置12将车身21落位至电动底盘22之前，即该车身22未与电动底盘22连接之前，该车身22可以称为待装配的车身22。该待装配的车身22可以指自车身缓存区直接运输的待装配的车身22，或者，该待装配的车身22也可以为经过预装配工作的待装配的车身22。
图4示出了本申请实施例的待装配的车身22的示意图。可选地，结合图1和图4所示，车辆总装生产线1还包括：预装配装置14，用于将待装配的车身21自车身缓存区运输至在合装工位101之前的前舱预装配工位105，以在前舱预装配工位105完成待装配的车身21的前舱预装配工作。具体地，该前舱预装配工位105处可以用于进行前舱预装配工作，例如，该前舱预装配工作可以包括空调系统以及前舱线束的装配工作等，本申请实施例并不限于此。
图5示出了本申请实施例的车身21与电动底盘22连接后的示意图，如图1和图5所示，在合装工位101，将车身21与电动底盘22连接。可选地，本申请实施例的电动底盘22处于基本完成的状态，该车辆总装生产线1的合装工位101主要进行车身21和该电动底盘22的机械、电气、液体管路对接等过程。
在本申请实施例中，对于连接后的车身21和电动底盘22，可以通过导航装置11控制电动底盘22，以使该电动底盘22及其连接的车身21按照预定路线行驶，依次经过多个装配工位102，以完成车辆2的装配。应理解，图1简化了多个装配工位102，并未示出全部装配工位102。
可选地，如图1所示，本申请实施例的多个装配工位102可以包括：多个内饰装配工位1021和多个外装工位1022。具体地，多个内饰装配工位1021用于执行车辆2的内饰装配工作。例如，该内饰装配工作可以包括以下部件中部分或者全部的装配工作：主线束及前舱线束、制动防抱死系统(antilock brake system，ABS)模块及制动管路、前舱空调管、电子控制模块、天窗、仪表板、顶棚、地毯、中控台、前后风挡和外部饰件。
类似的，多个外装工位1022用于执行车辆2的外装工作。例如，该外装工作可以包括以下部件中部分或者全部的装配工作：前端模块、大灯、座椅、前后保险杠、轮胎、油液加注和电子电气检测系统(Electrical Check Out System，ECOS)。
可选地，如图1所示，本申请实施例的车辆总装生产线1还可以包括至少一个转弯路径1023。考虑到车辆总装生产线1可以包括多个装配工位102，为了合理利用空间，该车辆总装生产线1还可以包括至少一个转弯路径1023，以提高场地的利用率。例如，该车辆总装生产线1可以包括一个转弯路径1023，该转弯路径1023的两端分别用于连接多个内饰装配工位1021和多个外装工位1022，既可以分割内饰装配工位1021和外装工位1022，还可以合理利用场地和空间。
可选地，多个装配工位102中的至少一个装配工位102包括高度调节设备，高度调节设备用于完成在连接后的车身21与电动底盘22的不同 高度上的装配工作。考虑到多个装配工位102涉及该车辆2的各个部件的装配工作，不同装配工作对待装配的车辆2具有不同的高度要求，因此，可以通过在装配工位102设置高度调节设置，使得在连接后的车身21与电动底盘22对装配高度具有不同要求时，人机工程能够满足要求，而无需投入大量土建施工，降低了该车辆总装生产线1的成本。
可选地，本申请实施例的高度调节设备可以具有多种不同的形式。例如，该高度调节设备可以为装配工位102上设置的踏台，以使得工人可以在该踏台上完成车辆2所需的高度较高的装配工作。再例如，该高度调节设备还可以为装配工位102处设置的地面低坑区域，以使得工人可以在该低坑区域内完成车辆2的高度较低的装配工作。再例如，该高度调节设备还可以具有升降功能的装置，以使得工人或者机器能够完成车辆2对不同高度的装配工作的需求；或者，该高度调节设备还可以用于升降车辆2，本申请实施例并不限于此。
在本申请实施例中，如图1所示，完成装配的车辆1在下线工位103处下线。可选地，本申请实施例的车辆总装生产线1还可以包括下线装置13，下线装置13在下线工位103，将完成装配的该车辆2与该导航装置11分离，以使完成装配的该车辆2下线。以图1为例，在下线工位103处，通过下线装置13将导航装置11与完成装配的车辆2分离后，导航装置11可以设置于下一个待装配车辆2的电动底盘22上，该导航装置11还用于：控制所述下一个待装配车辆2的电动底盘22行驶至所述合装工位101。
具体地，如图1所示，完成装配的车辆2与导航装置11分离，该车辆2可以驶离该车辆总装生产线1，以进行下一步处理。而与车辆2分离之后的导航装置11则可以沿路径1024被运送至固定工位104，以便于将导航装置11设置于下一个待装配车辆2的电动底盘22上，导航装置11则将控制该下一个待装配车辆2的电动底盘22行驶至合装工位101，以开始该下一个车辆2的总装过程，以此类推，导航装置11可以在该车辆总装生产线1中反复使用，以控制多个待装配车辆按照预定路线行驶，并完成总装，进而形成车辆2的总装流水线。导航装置11的反复使用，可以 进一步降低该车辆总装生产线1的成本。
应理解，为了使得导航装置11可以与车辆2分离，该导航装置11可以在固定工位104处通过可拆卸结构与车辆2固定，以便于在该下线工位103处，将导航装置11与车辆2分离。
可选地，本申请实施例的导航装置11还可以不与完成装配的车辆2分离。具体地，在下线工位103处，完成装配的车辆2携带该导航装置11下线，以使得该导航装置11不再进入下一个车辆2的装配过程，这样，可以提高车辆总装生产线1的速度，不需要反复拆卸导航装置11，进而提高车辆2的生产效率。
上文描述了本申请实施例的车辆总装生产线1，下面将描述本申请实施例的车辆总装的方法300，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图6示出了本申请实施例的车辆总装的方法300的示意性流程图。如图6所示，该方法300包括：S310，通过导航装置11控制该车辆2的电动底盘22按预定路线行驶至合装工位101，该导航装置11设置于该电动底盘22上；S320，将该车辆2的待装配的车身21落位至该电动底盘22，以在该合装工位101，连接该车身21与该电动底盘22；S330，通过该导航装置11控制连接后的该车身21与该电动底盘22按该预定路线依次行驶至多个装配工位102，以在该多个装配工位102完成该车辆2的装配；S340，在下线工位103，完成装配的该车辆2下线。
在一些实施例中，电动底盘22包括下车体车架221、悬架系统222、转向系统223、制动系统224、底盘电器控制系统225和储能系统226；悬架系统222、转向系统223、制动系统224、底盘电器控制系统225和储能系统226均安装于下车体车架221上。
在一些实施例中，电动底盘22还包括：冷却热泵系统227，冷却热泵系统227安装于下车体车架221上。
在一些实施例中，多个装配工位102中的至少一个装配工位102包括高度调节设备，高度调节设备用于完成在连接后的车身21与电动底盘22的不同高度上的装配工作。
在一些实施例中，方法300还包括：在固定工位104处，将导航装置11安装于电动底盘22。
在一些实施例中，在下线工位103，完成装配的车辆2下线，具体包括：在下线工位103处，在将完成装配的车辆2与导航装置11分离后，完成装配的车辆2下线。
在一些实施例中，方法300还包括：在下线工位103处导航装置11与完成装配的车辆2分离后，将导航装置11设置于下一个待装配车辆2的电动底盘22上，通过导航装置11控制下一个待装配车辆2的电动底盘22行驶至合装工位101。
在一些实施例中，多个装配工位102包括：多个内饰装配工位1021，用于执行车辆2的内饰装配工作；多个外装工位1022，用于执行车辆2的外装工作。
在一些实施例中，方法300还包括：将待装配的车身21自车身缓存区运输至在合装工位101之前的前舱预装配工位105，并在前舱预装配工位105完成待装配的车身21的前舱预装配工作。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种车辆总装生产线(1)，其特征在于，所述车辆(2)包括电动底盘(22)和待装配的车身(21)，所述车身(21)用于与所述电动底盘(22)连接，所述电动底盘(22)设置有导航装置(11)，所述导航装置(11)用于控制所述电动底盘(22)按预定路线行驶；
    所述车辆总装生产线(1)包括：
    车身落位装置(12)，用于在所述导航装置(11)控制所述电动底盘(22)按所述预定路线行驶至合装工位(101)的情况下，将所述车身(21)落位至所述电动底盘(22)，以在所述合装工位(101)，连接所述车身(21)与所述电动底盘(22)；
    其中，所述导航装置(11)还用于：控制连接后的所述车身(21)与所述电动底盘(22)按所述预定路线依次行驶至多个装配工位(102)，以在所述多个装配工位(102)完成所述车辆(2)的装配，完成装配的所述车辆(2)在下线工位(103)处下线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆总装生产线(1)，其特征在于，所述电动底盘(22)包括下车体车架(221)、悬架系统(222)、转向系统(223)、制动系统(224)、底盘电器控制系统(225)和储能系统(226)；所述悬架系统(222)、转向系统(223)、所述制动系统(224)、所述底盘电器控制系统(225)和所述储能系统(226)均安装于所述下车体车架(221)上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车辆总装生产线(1)，其特征在于，所述电动底盘(22)还包括：冷却热泵系统(227)，所述冷却热泵系统(227)安装于所述下车体车架(221)上。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的车辆总装生产线(1)，其特 征在于，所述多个装配工位(102)中的至少一个装配工位(102)包括高度调节设备，所述高度调节设备用于完成在连接后的所述车身(21)与所述电动底盘(22)的不同高度上的装配工作。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的车辆总装生产线(1)，其特征在于，所述车辆总装生产线(1)还包括所述导航装置(11)，所述导航装置(11)用于在固定工位(104)处被安装于所述电动底盘(22)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的车辆总装生产线(1)，其特征在于，所述车辆总装生产线(1)还包括：
    下线装置(13)，用于在下线工位(103)，将完成装配的所述车辆(2)与所述导航装置(11)分离，以使完成装配的所述车辆(2)下线。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的车辆总装生产线(1)，其特征在于，所述导航装置(11)在所述下线工位(103)处与完成装配的所述车辆(2)分离后，设置于下一个待装配车辆(2)的电动底盘(22)上，
    所述导航装置(11)还用于控制所述下一个待装配车辆(2)的电动底盘(22)行驶至所述合装工位(101)。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的车辆总装生产线(1)，其特征在于，所述多个装配工位(102)包括：
    多个内饰装配工位(1021)，用于执行所述车辆(2)的内饰装配工作；
    多个外装工位(1022)，用于执行所述车辆(2)的外装工作。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的车辆总装生产线(1)，其特征在于，所述车辆总装生产线(1)还包括：
    预装配装置(14)，用于将所述待装配的车身(21)自车身缓存区运输至在所述合装工位(101)之前的前舱预装配工位(105)，以在所述前舱预装配工位(105)完成所述待装配的车身(21)的前舱预装配工作。
  10. 一种车辆总装的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    通过导航装置(11)控制所述车辆(2)的电动底盘(22)按预定路线行驶至合装工位(101)，所述导航装置(11)设置于所述电动底盘(22)上；
    将所述车辆(2)的待装配的车身(21)落位至所述电动底盘(22)，以在所述合装工位(101)，连接所述车身(21)与所述电动底盘(22)；
    通过所述导航装置(11)控制连接后的所述车身(21)与所述电动底盘(22)按所述预定路线依次行驶至多个装配工位(102)，以在所述多个装配工位(102)完成所述车辆(2)的装配；
    在下线工位(103)，完成装配的所述车辆(2)下线。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电动底盘(22)包括下车体车架(221)、悬架系统(222)、转向系统(223)、制动系统(224)、底盘电器控制系统(225)和储能系统(226)；所述悬架系统(222)、转向系统(223)、所述制动系统(224)、所述底盘电器控制系统(225)和所述储能系统(226)均安装于所述下车体车架(221)上。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电动底盘(22)还包括：冷却热泵系统(227)，所述冷却热泵系统(227)安装于所述下车体车架(221)上。
  13. 根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个装配工位(102)中的至少一个装配工位(102)包括高度调节设备，所述高度调节设备用于完成在连接后的所述车身(21)与所述电动底盘(22)的不同高度上的装配工作。
  14. 根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述 方法还包括：
    在固定工位(104)处，将所述导航装置(11)安装于所述电动底盘(22)。
  15. 根据权利要求10至14中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在下线工位(103)，完成装配的所述车辆(2)下线，包括：
    在所述下线工位(103)处，在将完成装配的所述车辆(2)与所述导航装置(11)分离后，完成装配的所述车辆(2)下线。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：在所述下线工位(103)处所述导航装置(11)与完成装配的所述车辆(2)分离后，将所述导航装置(11)设置于下一个待装配车辆(2)的电动底盘(22)上，
    通过所述导航装置(11)控制所述下一个待装配车辆(2)的电动底盘(22)行驶至所述合装工位(101)。
  17. 根据权利要求10至16中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个装配工位(102)包括：
    多个内饰装配工位(1021)，用于执行所述车辆(2)的内饰装配工作；
    多个外装工位(1022)，用于执行所述车辆(2)的外装工作。
  18. 根据权利要求10至17中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    将所述待装配的车身(21)自车身缓存区运输至在所述合装工位(101)之前的前舱预装配工位(105)，并在所述前舱预装配工位(105)完成所述待装配的车身(21)的前舱预装配工作。
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