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WO2022253297A1 - 一种阿尼芬净衍生物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阿尼芬净衍生物的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022253297A1
WO2022253297A1 PCT/CN2022/096760 CN2022096760W WO2022253297A1 WO 2022253297 A1 WO2022253297 A1 WO 2022253297A1 CN 2022096760 W CN2022096760 W CN 2022096760W WO 2022253297 A1 WO2022253297 A1 WO 2022253297A1
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acid
formula
compound
anidulungin
reaction
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PCT/CN2022/096760
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English (en)
French (fr)
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姜威
黄建
胡军强
曹维凑
周益南
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上海森辉医药有限公司
上海盛迪医药有限公司
江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司
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Application filed by 上海森辉医药有限公司, 上海盛迪医药有限公司, 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司 filed Critical 上海森辉医药有限公司
Priority to EP22815338.3A priority Critical patent/EP4349851A4/en
Priority to CN202280032668.7A priority patent/CN117255797A/zh
Priority to JP2023573153A priority patent/JP2024520500A/ja
Priority to US18/566,074 priority patent/US20240262866A1/en
Priority to CA3219309A priority patent/CA3219309A1/en
Publication of WO2022253297A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022253297A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/64—Cyclic peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/107—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides
    • C07K1/1072—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides by covalent attachment of residues or functional groups
    • C07K1/1077—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides by covalent attachment of residues or functional groups by covalent attachment of residues other than amino acids or peptide residues, e.g. sugars, polyols, fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/50—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link
    • C07K7/54—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring
    • C07K7/56—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring the cyclisation not occurring through 2,4-diamino-butanoic acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

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  • the disclosure belongs to the field of medicinal chemistry, and relates to a preparation method of anidulungin derivatives, specifically, a preparation method of a compound represented by formula (I) is provided.
  • drugs for the treatment of fungal infections include amphotericin B, a macrolide polyene that interacts with fungal membrane sterols: flucytosine, a fluorocytosine that interacts with fungal protein and DNA biosynthesis pyrimidines, and various azole antifungals (eg, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole) that inhibit fungal membrane-sterol biosynthesis (Alexander et al., Drugs, 54:657, 1997).
  • azole antifungals eg, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole
  • amphotericin B has a broad spectrum of activity and is considered the "gold standard" antifungal therapy, its use is limited by infusion-related reactions and nephrotoxicity (Warnock, J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 41:95 ,1998).
  • the use of flucytosine is also limited due to the development of resistant microorganisms and its narrow activity spectrum.
  • the widespread use of azole antifungals is causing the emergence of clinically resistant strains of Candida spp.
  • Echinocandins are a new class of antifungal drugs that usually contain a cyclic hexapeptide and a lipophilic tail, the latter of which is linked to the hexapeptide core by an amide bond. These drugs interfere with the synthesis of ⁇ -1,3-glucose in the fungal cell wall by non-competitively inhibiting ⁇ -1,3-glucose synthase, resulting in changes in the permeability of the fungal cell wall and cell lysis and death.
  • Caspofungin is the first echinocandin antifungal drug, which was developed by Merck in the United States. It was approved by the FDA in 2004 for the treatment of fungal infections, and it was approved for the treatment of fungal infections in 2008. Candida infection in children.
  • Anidulafungin, launched in 2006, is a semi-synthetic antifungal drug of the third generation echinocandins.
  • PCT/CN2020/133815 application provides a kind of anidifungin derivative shown in the following formula (I), it has been found that this compound has stronger antifungal activity.
  • the present disclosure provides a preparation method of a compound represented by formula (I), comprising the steps of: reacting anidulungin with a compound of formula (II) to obtain a product,
  • the reaction is performed in the presence of acids A1 and A2.
  • the acid A1 is phenylboronic acid or 3,4-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid.
  • the acid A1 is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid.
  • the acid A2 is p-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, or trifluoroacetic acid.
  • the acid A2 is camphorsulfonic acid or trifluoroacetic acid.
  • the acid A2 is trifluoroacetic acid.
  • the reaction is performed in solvent S1.
  • the solvent S1 is anhydrous dioxane or acetonitrile.
  • the solvent S1 is acetonitrile.
  • the molar ratio of the anidulungin to the compound of formula (II) is 1:1-50.
  • the molar ratio of the anidulungin to the compound of formula (II) is 1:1-30.
  • the molar ratio of the anidulungin to the compound of formula (II) is 1:1-10.
  • the molar ratio of the anidulungin to the compound of formula (II) is 1:1-6.
  • the molar ratio of anidulungin to the compound of formula (II) is 1:30.
  • the molar ratio of the anidulungin to the compound of formula (II) is 1:6.
  • the molar ratio of anidulungin to acid A1 is 1:1-10.
  • the molar ratio of anidulungin to acid A1 is 1:1-5.
  • the molar ratio of anidulungin to acid A1 is 1:1-2.
  • the molar ratio of anidulungin to acid A1 is 1:1.3.
  • the molar ratio of anidulungin to acid A2 is 1:1-10.
  • the molar ratio of anidulungin to acid A2 is 1:1-5.
  • the molar ratio of anidulungin to acid A2 is 1:5.
  • the weight-to-volume ratio of anidulungin to acid A2, in g/mL is 1:1-5.
  • the weight-to-volume ratio of anidulungin to acid A2, in g/mL is 1:1-2.5.
  • the weight-to-volume ratio of anidulungin to acid A2, in g/mL is 1:2.5.
  • the reaction temperature is 0-50°C.
  • the reaction temperature is 10-40°C.
  • the reaction temperature is 20-30°C.
  • the reaction temperature is normal temperature.
  • the specific steps of said step reaction are dissolving anidulungin and acid A1 in solvent S2, stirring at room temperature, concentrating to dryness, adding the compound of formula (II), acid A2 and solvent S1, nitrogen Stir under protection at room temperature, add an aqueous solution of sodium acetate to quench the reaction, concentrate to obtain a crude product, and purify by HPLC to obtain the product.
  • the solvent S2 is THF.
  • the specific steps of the step reaction are dissolving 1eq of anidulungin and 2eq of phenylboronic acid in THF, stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, concentrating to dryness, adding 6eq of the compound of formula (II), 5eq of camphorsulfonic acid and anhydrous dioxane were stirred overnight under nitrogen protection at room temperature, quenched by adding an aqueous solution of sodium acetate, concentrated to obtain a crude product, and purified by HPLC to obtain the product.
  • the specific steps of the step reaction are dissolving 1 eq of anidulungin and 1.3 eq of 3,4-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid in THF, stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, and concentrating to dryness, Add 30eq of the compound of formula (II), trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile with a volume-to-weight ratio of 2.5, stir at room temperature under nitrogen protection for 3 hours, add an aqueous solution of sodium acetate to quench the reaction, concentrate to obtain a crude product, and purify by HPLC to obtain the product; wherein the volume-to-weight ratio is the volume-to-weight ratio of trifluoroacetic acid to anidulungin in mL/g.
  • the preparation method further includes the following steps: reacting N-methylprolinol with methyl p-toluenesulfonate to obtain a product,
  • the molar ratio of N-methylprolinol to methyl p-toluenesulfonate is 1:1-5.
  • the molar ratio of N-methylprolinol to methyl p-toluenesulfonate is 1:1-3.
  • the molar ratio of N-methylprolinol to methyl p-toluenesulfonate is 1:1.
  • reaction of the compound of formula (II) is carried out in solvent S3
  • the solvent S3 is acetone.
  • the temperature of the reaction to prepare the compound of formula (II) is 0-80°C.
  • the temperature of the reaction to prepare the compound of formula (II) is 10-70°C.
  • the temperature of the reaction to prepare the compound of formula (II) is 20-60°C.
  • the temperature of the reaction to prepare the compound of formula (II) is 30-60°C.
  • the temperature of the reaction to prepare the compound of formula (II) is 40-60°C.
  • the temperature of the reaction to prepare the compound of formula (II) is 50-60°C.
  • the specific steps of the step reaction are dissolving N-methylprolinol in solvent S3, slowly adding methyl p-toluenesulfonate, heating and stirring for reaction, adding petroleum ether to precipitate a solid, Filter and dry to obtain the product.
  • the specific steps of the step reaction are dissolving N-methylprolinol in acetone, slowly adding methyl p-toluenesulfonate, heating to reflux and stirring the reaction, adding petroleum ether to precipitate a solid, Filter and dry to obtain the product.
  • the specific steps of said step reaction are dissolving 1eq of N-methylprolinol in acetone, slowly adding 1eq of methyl p-toluenesulfonate, heating to reflux and stirring for reaction, adding petroleum A solid precipitated from ether was filtered and dried to obtain the product.
  • the method comprises the following steps: dissolving 1eq of N-methylprolinol in acetone, slowly adding 1eq of methyl p-toluenesulfonate, heating to reflux and stirring for reaction, adding petroleum ether to precipitate Solid, filtered, dried to obtain the compound of formula (II);
  • the method comprises the following steps: dissolving 1eq of N-methylprolinol in acetone, slowly adding 1eq of methyl p-toluenesulfonate, heating to reflux and stirring for reaction, adding petroleum ether to precipitate Solid, filtered, dried to obtain the compound of formula (II);
  • the compound of formula (II) is The compound of formula (I) is
  • FIG. 1 Changes in histamine concentration following intravenous administration of compounds.
  • FIG. 1 Comparison of histamine concentration 30 minutes after compound intravenous administration.
  • HPLC purity analysis method Chromatographic column: Welch Xtimate C18 (3 ⁇ m, 4.6mmx 150mm), mobile phase: 0.05% TFA in water/0.05% TFA in ACN, detection wavelength: UV 214nm.
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • MS mass spectroscopy
  • the monitoring of the reaction process in the embodiment adopts thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the developer used for reaction, the eluent system of the column chromatography that purifies compound adopts and the developer system of thin-layer chromatography comprise: A: Dichloromethane/methanol system, B: n-hexane/ethyl acetate system, C: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate system, D: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/methanol, the volume ratio of the solvent is determined according to the polarity of the compound Adjustment can also be adjusted by adding a small amount of alkaline or acidic reagents such as triethylamine and acetic acid.
  • TLC thin-layer chromatography
  • High-resolution mass spectrometry method Chromatographic column: Waters BEH C18 1.7U 2.1*50mm, mobile phase: 0.1% FA in water/0.1% FA in acetonitrile.
  • Normal temperature is 25°C.
  • the detection method of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is operated according to the guidelines of the American Clinical Laboratory Standards Association (CLSI M27-A3), and the detection method of the minimum effective concentration (MEC) is referred to the guidelines of the American Clinical Laboratory Standards Association (CLSI M38-A2) to operate.
  • the bacterial suspension was added to the 96-well plate using a discharge gun, 100 ⁇ L per well. At this time, the bacterial concentration in each well should be 0.5 ⁇ 10 3 -2.5 ⁇ 10 3 CFU/mL.
  • the Aspergillus was subcultured on the SDA plate and cultured at 35°C for 48h-7d to induce spore formation. Use about 1 mL of 0.85% physiological pressure water or sterile water to overlay the colonies on the plate (add polysorbate 20 to a final concentration of 0.1%-0.01%).
  • Colony counting Dilute the RPMI 1640 diluted suspension 10 times, take 10 ⁇ L and spread it on the SDA plate, incubate at 28°C and observe every day, and count immediately after the colonies visible to the naked eye appear.
  • the MEC is defined as the lowest drug concentration that causes hyphae to form small, round, compact mycelial particles compared to growth controls under a plate reader. In order to accurately determine the MEC value, do not vortex the plate before reading it.
  • Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida krusei ATCC6258 are quality control strains. According to CLSI-M60, the 24h MIC of ANI to ATCC 22019 is (0.25-2) ⁇ g/mL, and the CAS is (0.25-1) ⁇ g/mL, and the 24h MIC of ANI to ATCC6258 is (0.03-0.12) ⁇ g/mL, CAS It is (0.12-1) ⁇ g/mL.
  • the compound of formula (I) of the present disclosure has excellent antifungal activity.
  • Test example 2 compound plasma histamine concentration and pharmacokinetic test
  • the dose design is shown in the table below:
  • SD rats in each group were generally in good condition, with normal autonomous activities, clean skin and coat, normal feces and urine, and no other abnormal reactions were seen.
  • Intravenous administration of both groups 1 and 2 can cause a transient increase in histamine in rats, and the plasma histamine concentration peaks at 30 minutes; a recovery trend can be seen at 4 hours, and it basically returns to normal in 8 to 24 hours, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the ability of group 1 to raise histamine in rats at the same dose was significantly lower than that of group 2.
  • the experimental data showed that the plasma drug exposure levels ( Cmax and AUC) of group 1 and group 2 at the same dose were comparable after a single intravenous injection, with no significant gender difference and the rest of the pharmacokinetic parameters were basically the same.
  • the plasma drug exposure is equivalent to that of Rezafungin acetate at the same dose, but the ability to cause rat histamine elevation is significantly lower than that of Rezafungin acetate Salt. It is suggested that compared with Rezafungin, the compound of formula (I) is less likely to cause allergic reactions clinically.

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Abstract

本公开涉及一种阿尼芬净衍生物的制备方法。具体而言，本公开涉及一种式(I)所示的阿尼芬净衍生物的制备方法及其中间体。

Description

一种阿尼芬净衍生物的制备方法 技术领域
本公开属于药物化学领域，涉及一种阿尼芬净衍生物的制备方法，具体的，提供了式(I)所示化合物的制备方法。
背景技术
抗真菌治疗方案的开发已经是当今社会面临的一个持续性挑战。目前用于治疗真菌感染的可利用的药物包括两性霉素B，一种与真菌膜甾醇相互作用的大环内酯多烯：氟胞嘧啶，一种与真菌蛋白和DNA生物合成相互作用的氟嘧啶，和多种抑制真菌膜-甾醇生物合成的唑类抗真菌药物(例如酮康唑、伊曲康唑，和氟康唑)(Alexander et al.,Drugs,54:657,1997)。即使两性霉素B具有宽的活性范围并被视为抗真菌疗法的“金标准”，其应用因输注相关的反应和肾毒性而受到限制(Warnock,J.Antimicrob.Chemother.,41:95,1998)。由于耐药性微生物的发展及其窄的活性谱，氟胞嘧啶的使用也受到限制。唑类抗真菌药的广泛使用正引起假丝酵母菌种(Candida spp)的临床耐药株的出现。
棘白菌素类药物是一类全新的抗真菌药，其通常包含环状六肽和亲脂性尾部，其中的后者通过酰胺键连接于六肽核心。这类药物通过非竞争性抑制β-1,3-葡萄糖合成酶，干扰真菌细胞壁β-1,3-葡萄糖的合成，导致真菌细胞壁渗透性改变，细胞溶解死亡。由于人类细胞不含有细胞壁，而真菌细胞有细胞壁，棘白菌素类抗真菌药物可直接作用于真菌细胞壁成分，所以该类药对人体的毒性较低，是迄今为止安全性最高的一类抗真菌药物。
目前，已上市的这类药物包括卡泊芬净、米卡芬净、阿尼芬净。卡泊芬净(caspofungin)是第一个棘白菌素类抗真菌药物，由美国默沙东药厂研制开发，于2004年被美国FDA批准上市用于真菌感染的治疗，在2008年批准用于治疗儿童念珠菌感染。米卡芬净(Mycamine)于2002年在日本上市，是一种新型的半合成抗真菌药。阿尼芬净(anidulafungin)于2006年上市，是第三代棘白菌素类的半合成抗真菌药物。
PCT/CN2020/133815申请提供了一种如下式(I)所示的阿尼芬净衍生物，已 经发现该化合物具有较强的抗真菌活性。
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000001
发明内容
本公开提供了如式(I)所示化合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将阿尼芬净与式(II)化合物反应得到产物，
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000002
在一些实施方案中，该反应在酸A1和A2存在下进行。
在一些实施方案中，所述酸A1为苯硼酸或3,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸。
在一些实施方案中，所述酸A1为3,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸。
在一些实施方案中，所述酸A2为对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸或三氟乙酸。
在一些实施方案中，所述酸A2为樟脑磺酸或三氟乙酸。
在一些实施方案中，所述酸A2为三氟乙酸。
在一些实施方案中，该反应是在溶剂S1中进行。
在一些实施方案中，所述溶剂S1为无水二氧六环或乙腈。
在一些实施方案中，所述溶剂S1为乙腈。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为1:1-50。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为1:1-30。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为1:1-10。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为1:1-6。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为1:30。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为1:6。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与酸A1的摩尔比为1:1-10。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与酸A1的摩尔比为1:1-5。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与酸A1的摩尔比为1:1-2。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与酸A1的摩尔比为1:1.3。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与酸A2的摩尔比为1:1-10。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与酸A2的摩尔比为1:1-5。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与酸A2的摩尔比为1:5。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与酸A2的重量体积比，以g/mL计，为1:1-5。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与酸A2的重量体积比，以g/mL计，为1:1-2.5。
在一些实施方案中，所述阿尼芬净与酸A2的重量体积比，以g/mL计，为1:2.5。
在一些实施方案中，所述反应温度为0-50℃。
在一些实施方案中，所述反应温度为10-40℃。
在一些实施方案中，所述反应温度为20-30℃。
在一些实施方案中，所述反应温度为常温。
在一些实施方案中，所述该步反应的具体步骤为将阿尼芬净和酸A1溶解于溶剂S2中，常温搅拌，浓缩至干，加入式(II)化合物、酸A2和溶剂S1，氮气保护常温搅拌，加入醋酸钠的水溶液淬灭反应，浓缩，得到粗品，HPLC纯化得到产品。
在一些实施方案中，所述溶剂S2为THF。
在一些实施方案中，所述该步反应的具体步骤为将1eq的阿尼芬净和2eq的苯硼酸溶解于THF中，常温搅拌1小时，浓缩至干，加入6eq的式(II)化合物、5eq的樟脑磺酸、无水二氧六环，氮气保护常温搅拌过夜，加入醋酸钠的水溶液淬灭反应，浓缩，得到粗品，HPLC纯化得到产品。
在一些实施方案中，所述该步反应的具体步骤为将1eq的阿尼芬净和1.3eq的 3,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸溶解于THF中，常温搅拌1小时，浓缩至干，加入30eq的式(II)化合物、2.5体积重量比的三氟乙酸、乙腈，氮气保护常温搅拌3小时，加入醋酸钠的水溶液淬灭反应，浓缩，得到粗品，HPLC纯化得到产品；其中体积重量比为三氟乙酸与阿尼芬净的体积重量比以mL/g计。
在一些实施方案中，所述制备方法进一步包括以下步骤：N-甲基脯胺醇与对甲基苯磺酸甲酯反应得到产物，
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000003
在一些实施方案中，所述N-甲基脯胺醇和对甲基苯磺酸甲酯的摩尔比为1:1-5。
在一些实施方案中，所述N-甲基脯胺醇和对甲基苯磺酸甲酯的摩尔比为1:1-3。
在一些实施方案中，所述N-甲基脯胺醇和对甲基苯磺酸甲酯的摩尔比为1:1。
在一些实施方案中，所述制备式(II)化合物的反应是在溶剂S3中进行
在一些实施方案中，所述溶剂S3为丙酮。
在一些实施方案中，所述制备式(II)化合物的反应的温度为0-80℃。
在一些实施方案中，所述制备式(II)化合物的反应的温度为10-70℃。
在一些实施方案中，所述制备式(II)化合物的反应的温度为20-60℃。
在一些实施方案中，所述制备式(II)化合物的反应的温度为30-60℃。
在一些实施方案中，所述制备式(II)化合物的反应的温度为40-60℃。
在一些实施方案中，所述制备式(II)化合物的反应的温度为50-60℃。
在一些实施方案中，所述该步反应的具体步骤为将N-甲基脯胺醇溶于溶剂S3中，缓慢加入对甲基苯磺酸甲酯，加热搅拌反应，加入石油醚析出固体，过滤、干燥得到产物。
在一些实施方案中，所述该步反应的具体步骤为将N-甲基脯胺醇溶于丙酮中，缓慢加入对甲基苯磺酸甲酯，加热回流搅拌反应，加入石油醚析出固体，过滤、干燥得到产物。
在一些实施方案中，所述该步反应的具体步骤为将1eq的N-甲基脯胺醇溶于丙酮中，缓慢加入1eq的对甲基苯磺酸甲酯，加热回流搅拌反应，加入石油醚析出固体，过滤、干燥得到产物。
在一些实施方案中，所述方法包括如下步骤：将1eq的N-甲基脯胺醇溶于丙 酮中，缓慢加入1eq的对甲基苯磺酸甲酯，加热回流搅拌反应，加入石油醚析出固体，过滤、干燥得到式(II)化合物；
将1eq的阿尼芬净和2eq的苯硼酸溶解于THF中，常温搅拌1小时，浓缩至干，加入6eq的式(II)化合物、5eq的樟脑磺酸和无水二氧六环，氮气保护常温搅拌过夜，加入醋酸钠的水溶液淬灭反应，浓缩，得到粗品，HPLC纯化得到式(I)所示的阿尼芬净衍生物。
在一些实施方案中，所述方法包括如下步骤：将1eq的N-甲基脯胺醇溶于丙酮中，缓慢加入1eq的对甲基苯磺酸甲酯，加热回流搅拌反应，加入石油醚析出固体，过滤、干燥得到式(II)化合物；
将1eq的阿尼芬净和1.3eq的3,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸溶解于THF中，常温搅拌1小时，浓缩至干，加入30eq的式(II)化合物、2.5体积重量比的三氟乙酸和乙腈，氮气保护常温搅拌3小时，加入醋酸钠的水溶液淬灭反应，浓缩，得到粗品，HPLC纯化得到式(I)所示的阿尼芬净衍生物；其中体积重量比为三氟乙酸与阿尼芬净的体积重量比，以mL/g计。
在一些实施方案中，所述式(II)化合物为
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000004
式(I)化合物为
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000005
本公开还提供了式(II)所示的中间体化合物：
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000006
附图说明
图1：化合物静脉给药后组胺浓度变化。
图2：化合物静脉给药后30min组胺浓度对比。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例进一步描述本发明，但这些实施例并非限制本发明的范围。
本发明实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，通常按照常规条件，或按照原料或商品制造厂商所建议的条件。未注明具体来源的试剂，为市场购买的常规试剂。
阿尼芬净和卡泊芬净均购买自台州市科德化工。Rezafungin根据CN103889221A合成。
HPLC纯度分析方法：色谱柱：Welch Xtimate C18(3μm,4.6mmx 150mm)，流动相：0.05％TFA的水溶液/0.05％TFA的ACN溶液,检测波长：UV 214nm。
化合物的结构是通过核磁共振(NMR)或/和质谱(MS)来确定的。NMR位移(δ)以10 -6(ppm)的单位给出。NMR的测定是用Bruker AVANCE-400核磁仪，测定溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-d 6)、氘代氯仿(CDCl 3)和氘代甲醇(CD 3OD)，内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS)。
实施例中的反应进程的监测采用薄层色谱法(TLC)，反应所使用的展开剂，纯化化合物采用的柱层析的洗脱剂的体系和薄层色谱法的展开剂体系包括：A：二氯甲烷/甲醇体系，B：正己烷/乙酸乙酯体系，C：石油醚/乙酸乙酯体系，D：石油醚/乙酸乙酯/甲醇，溶剂的体积比根据化合物的极性不同而进行调节，也可以加入少量的三乙胺和醋酸等碱性或酸性试剂进行调节。
高分辨质谱方法：色谱柱：Waters BEH C18 1.7U 2.1*50mm，流动相：0.1％FA的水溶液/0.1％FA的乙腈溶液。
常温为25℃。
实施例1
第一步
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000007
将N-甲基-D-脯氨醇(3.00g,26.05mmol)溶解于30ml丙酮中，缓慢加入对甲苯磺酸甲酯(4.85g,1.0eq.)，加热回流搅拌4小时，加入石油醚析出固体，过滤，干燥得到7.33g白色固体式(II)化合物，收率：93.4％。Ms:130.0[M +]。
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD-d 4)δ7.73(d,J＝8.00Hz,2H),7.27(d，J＝8.00Hz,2H),3.96-3.93(m,1H),3.84-3.73(m,2H),3.63-3.56(m,2H),3.27(s,3H),3.05(s,3H),2.40(s,3H),2.27-2.24(m,1H),2.14–2.10(m,2H),1.93–1.91(m,1H)。
第二步
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000008
将阿尼芬净(2.5g,2.19mmol)和苯硼酸(0.535g,2eq.)溶解于THF(50mL)中，常温搅拌1小时，浓缩至干，加入式(II)化合物(3.96g,6eq.)、樟脑磺酸(2.54g,5eq.)和无水二氧六环(75mL)，氮气保护下常温搅拌过夜，加入醋酸钠的水溶液淬灭，浓缩，得到粗品，HPLC制备纯化，得到1.96g产品(式(I)化合物)，纯度96.9％，收率68％。HRMS:1251.6173[M +]。
1H NMR(400MHz,METHANOL-d 4)δ7.98(d,J＝8.8Hz,2H),7.81(d，J＝8.0Hz,2H),7.69-7.76(m,4H),7.61(d,J＝9.2Hz,2H),7.15(d,J＝8.8Hz,2H),7.01(d,J＝8.8Hz,2H),6.76(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),5.42(d，J＝2.4Hz，1H),5.03(d，J＝3.2Hz，1H),4.92-4.93(m,1H)，4.74-4.78(m,1H),4.57-4.61(m,3H)，4.38(d，J＝4.0Hz,1H),4.32-4.34(m,2H),4.24-4.28(m,2H),4.16-4.20(m,1H),4.06-4.10(m,1H),3.97-4.04(m，4H),3.81-3.92(m,4H),3.46-3.63(m,3H),3.21(s,3H),3.00(s,3H),2.42-2.52(m,2H),2.26-2.31(m,2H),1.92–2.15(m,5H),1.90(s,3H)，1.78–1.85(m,2H),1.40-1.52(m,4H),1.25-1.28(m,6H),1.08(d，J＝6.8Hz,3H),0.97(t,J＝6.8Hz,3H)。
实施例2
第一步
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000009
将N-甲基-D-脯氨醇(3.00g,26.05mmol)溶解于30ml丙酮中，缓慢加入对甲苯磺酸甲酯(4.85g,1.0eq.)，加热回流搅拌4小时，加入石油醚析出固体，过滤，干燥得到7.33g白色固体式(II)化合物，收率：93.4％。Ms:130.0[M +]。
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD-d 4)δ7.73(d,J＝8.00Hz,2H),7.27(d，J＝8.00Hz,2H),3.96-3.93(m,1H),3.84-3.73(m,2H),3.63-3.56(m,2H),3.27(s,3H),3.05(s,3H),2.40(s,3H),2.27-2.24(m,1H),2.14–2.10(m,2H),1.93–1.91(m,1H)。
第二步
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000010
将阿尼芬净(2.0g,1.75mmol)和3,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸(0.415g,1.3eq.)溶解于THF(40mL)中，常温搅拌1小时，浓缩至干，加入式(II)化合物(15.86g,30eq.)、三氟乙酸(5mL,2.5v)和乙腈(20mL)，氮气保护下常温搅拌3h，加入醋酸钠的水溶液淬灭，浓缩，得到粗品，HPLC制备纯化，得到1.95g产品(式(I)化合物)，纯度98.5％，收率85％。HRMS:1251.6173[M +]。
1H NMR(400MHz,METHANOL-d 4)δ7.98(d,J＝8.8Hz,2H),7.81(d，J＝8.0Hz,2H),7.69-7.76(m,4H),7.61(d,J＝9.2Hz,2H),7.15(d,J＝8.8Hz,2H),7.01(d,J＝8.8Hz,2H),6.76(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),5.42(d，J＝2.4Hz，1H),5.03(d，J＝3.2Hz，1H),4.92-4.93(m,1H)，4.74-4.78(m,1H),4.57-4.61(m,3H)，4.38(d，J＝4.0Hz,1H),4.32-4.34(m,2H),4.24-4.28(m,2H),4.16-4.20(m,1H),4.06-4.10(m,1H),3.97-4.04(m，4H),3.81-3.92(m,4H),3.46-3.63(m,3H),3.21(s,3H),3.00(s,3H),2.42-2.52(m,2H),2.26-2.31(m,2H),1.92–2.15(m,5H),1.90(s,3H)，1.78–1.85(m,2H),1.40-1.52(m,4H),1.25-1.28(m,6H),1.08(d，J＝6.8Hz,3H),0.97(t,J＝6.8Hz,3H)。
测试例1：抗真菌活性测试方法
将测试化合物进行梯度稀释后，对念珠菌标准株进行MIC检测，对曲霉标准 株进行MEC检测。最低抑菌浓度(MIC)的检测方法参照美国临床实验室标准协会(CLSI M27-A3)指南进行操作，最低有效浓度(MEC)的检测方法参照美国临床实验室标准协会(CLSI M38-A2)指南进行操作。
真菌接种液制备
念珠菌：
将冻存的菌株传代至少2次，挑取单菌落重悬于生理盐水或无菌水管中，涡旋震荡，使用分光光度计在530nm波长处调整菌悬液至0.5McF(1×10 6～5×10 6CFU/mL)。使用生理盐水稀释50倍后，再使用1×RPMI 1640肉汤稀释20倍(1×10 3～5×10 3CFU/mL)。取10μL涂布至SDA平板上做菌落计数，范围约10～50个单菌落。
待制备好的药敏板室温完全溶解后，使用排枪向96孔板中加入菌悬液，每孔100μL。此时每孔中的菌浓度应为0.5×10 3～2.5×10 3CFU/mL。
曲霉菌(操作在Ⅱ级生物安全柜中进行)：
将曲霉传代至SDA平板上35℃培养48h-7d，诱导孢子形成。使用约1mL 0.85％生理压水或无菌水覆盖平板上的菌落(加入聚山梨醇酯20至终浓度0.1％-0.01％)。使用tip头或无菌棉签轻轻擦拭培养基表面(注意不要戳破培养基)，并将孢子菌丝重悬液转入无菌试管，静置3～5min使较重的颗粒沉淀，将上层均质的悬液转入新的无菌试管中，盖紧瓶盖，涡旋震荡15s(注意：悬液可在重新打开瓶盖时产生气溶胶)。使用分光光度计在530nm处调增悬液浓度至OD值0.09～0.13。使用1×RPMI 1640稀释悬液50倍。稀释后2h内，向96孔板中每孔加样100μL(最终药敏板中的孢子浓度应为0.4×10 4～5×10 4CFU/mL)。
菌落计数：将RPMI 1640稀释后的悬液再稀释10倍，取10μL涂布至SDA平板，28℃培养并每天观察，出现肉眼可见的菌落后立即计数。
培养
将酵母型真菌检测板置于培养箱中，35℃，湿度85％，孵育24h后读取MIC数值。对于棘白菌素类药物，曲霉菌置于28℃，孵育21-26h小时后读取MEC结果。
MIC或MEC判读
酵母型真菌：将96孔板贴上一次性密闭封口膜，震荡混匀，使用读板镜肉眼观察，与生长对照相比，>＝50％生长抑制对应的最小化合物浓度定义为MIC。并 使用自动读板仪拍照保存图片。
曲霉菌：对于棘白菌素类药物，在读板镜下与生长对照相比，能够导致菌丝形成小的、圆形的、紧密的菌丝颗粒的最低药物浓度定义为MEC。为了精确测定MEC值，读板前不得涡旋振荡。
表1 化合物抑菌活性测试结果(第一批)
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000011
备注：1、近平滑念珠菌ATCC 22019、克柔念珠菌ATCC6258为质控菌株。根据CLSI-M60，ANI对ATCC 22019的24h MIC为(0.25-2)μg/mL，CAS为(0.25-1)μg/mL，ANI对ATCC6258的24h MIC为(0.03-0.12)μg/mL，CAS为(0.12-1)μg/mL。
表2 化合物抑菌活性测试结果(第二批)
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000012
试验数据表面，本公开的式(I)化合物具有优良的抗真菌活性。
测试例2：化合物血浆组胺浓度及药代动力学试验
试验方法：
将12只SD大鼠分为2组，每组6只动物，雌雄各半。每天至少观察一次。给药前测定一次体重。单次静脉注射给药，每只动物给药20分钟。给药前及给药后5分钟、30分钟、1小时、4小时、8小时、24小时、48小时、72小时、96小时各进行1次PK检测。给药前及给药后30分钟、4小时、8小时、24小时各进行1次组胺检测。
剂量设计见下表：
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000013
主要结果如下：
一般状态观察
给药当天第2组中2只雌性(2/3比例)出现了一过性轻微活动降低。
除此以外，各组SD大鼠一般状况良好，自主活动正常、皮肤被毛清洁，粪尿正常，也未见其他异常反应。
组胺检查
第1组和第2组静脉给药均可引起大鼠一过性组胺升高，血浆组胺浓度在30min达峰；4h可见恢复趋势，8～24h基本恢复正常，见图1。给药后30min，第1组大鼠血浆中平均组胺浓度为296.6ng/mL；第2组大鼠血浆中平均组胺浓度为1333.0ng/mL，平均组胺浓度为第1组的4.5倍，显著高于第1组(p＝0.046)，见图2。相同剂量下第1组引起大鼠组胺升高的能力显著低于第2组。
药代动力学
第1组或第2组给药后，动物体内药代动力学参数见下表：
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-000015
试验数据表明，相同剂量下的第1组与第2组单次静脉注射给药后，血浆药物暴露水平(C max和AUC)相当，无明显性别差异且其余药动学参数均基本一致。
综上，10mg/kg式(I)化合物单次静脉注射给药后，血浆药物暴露量与相同剂量下的Rezafungin乙酸盐相当，但引起大鼠组胺升高的能力显著低于Rezafungin乙酸盐。提示相对于Rezafungin，式(I)化合物在临床上不易引起过敏反应。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种制备式(I)所示的阿尼芬净衍生物的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：将阿尼芬净与式(II)化合物反应得到产物，
    Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-100001
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，该反应在酸A1和A2存在下进行；所述酸为A1为苯硼酸或3,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸，优选为3,4-二甲氧基苯硼酸；所述酸A2为对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸或三氟乙酸，优选为樟脑磺酸或三氟乙酸，优选为三氟乙酸。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，该反应是在溶剂S1中进行；所述溶剂S1为无水二氧六环或乙腈，优选为乙腈。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述阿尼芬净与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为1:1-50，优选为1:1-30，优选为1:1-10，优选为1:1-6，优选为1:30或1:6。
  5. 如权利要求2-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述阿尼芬净与酸A1的摩尔比为1:1-10，优选为1:1-5，优选为1:1-2，优选为1:1.3。
  6. 如权利要求2-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述阿尼芬净与酸A2的摩尔比为1:1-10，优选为1:1-5，优选为1:5；或所述阿尼芬净与酸A2的重量体积比，以g/mL计，为1:1-5，优选为1:1-2.5，优选为1:2.5。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反应温度为0-50℃，优选为10-40℃，优选为20-30℃，优选为常温。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，其进一步包括以下步骤：N-甲基脯胺醇与对甲基苯磺酸甲酯反应得到产物，
    Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-100002
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述N-甲基脯胺醇和对甲基苯磺酸甲酯的摩尔比为1:1-5，优选为1:1-3，优选为1:1。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述制备式(II)化合物的反应是在溶剂S3中进行，所述溶剂S3为丙酮。
  11. 如权利要求8-10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述制备式(II)化合物的反应的温度为0-80℃，优选为10-70℃，优选为20-60℃，优选为30-60℃，优选为40-60℃，优选为50-60℃。
  12. 如权利要求1-11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述式(II)化合物为
    Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-100003
    式(I)化合物为
    Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-100004
  13. 式(II)所示的中间体化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2022096760-appb-100005
PCT/CN2022/096760 2021-06-03 2022-06-02 一种阿尼芬净衍生物的制备方法 WO2022253297A1 (zh)

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