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WO2022193600A1 - 麻醉深度指示方法、用于提示麻醉深度的装置和麻醉机 - Google Patents

麻醉深度指示方法、用于提示麻醉深度的装置和麻醉机 Download PDF

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WO2022193600A1
WO2022193600A1 PCT/CN2021/120024 CN2021120024W WO2022193600A1 WO 2022193600 A1 WO2022193600 A1 WO 2022193600A1 CN 2021120024 W CN2021120024 W CN 2021120024W WO 2022193600 A1 WO2022193600 A1 WO 2022193600A1
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drug
anesthetic
effect
current
anesthesia
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PCT/CN2021/120024
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English (en)
French (fr)
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万聪颖
皇甫勇
李响
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深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司
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Priority to CN202180093646.7A priority Critical patent/CN116847779A/zh
Priority to EP21931175.0A priority patent/EP4309566A4/en
Publication of WO2022193600A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022193600A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4821—Determining level or depth of anaesthesia
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/10—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
    • G16H20/17—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients delivered via infusion or injection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/40—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupuncture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/63—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/50—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for simulation or modelling of medical disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/083—Measuring rate of metabolism by using breath test, e.g. measuring rate of oxygen consumption
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/087—Measuring breath flow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
    • A61B5/087—Measuring breath flow
    • A61B5/0871—Peak expiratory flowmeters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4836—Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods
    • A61B5/4839—Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods combined with drug delivery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/01—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes specially adapted for anaesthetising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
    • A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02—Gases
    • A61M2202/0241—Anaesthetics; Analgesics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
    • A61M2205/502—User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
    • A61M2205/505—Touch-screens; Virtual keyboard or keypads; Virtual buttons; Soft keys; Mouse touches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to an anesthesia depth indication method, a device for indicating anesthesia depth and an anesthesia machine.
  • the minimum effective alveolar concentration refers to the concentration of anesthetics in the alveoli when 50% of the patients do not move during skin incision stimulation at one atmospheric pressure.
  • doctors usually judge the depth of anesthesia of the patient by the MAC value corresponding to the depth of anesthesia of the patient.
  • the patient's alveolar anesthetic concentration reaches 1.3MAC, about 90% of the patients can reach the depth of anesthesia that tolerates skin incision stimulation; when the patient's alveolar anesthetic concentration reaches 0.4MAC, the patient can be awakened by calling and shaking.
  • intravenous anesthetics such as the sedative Propofol or the analgesic opioids
  • the intravenous and inhaled drugs have additive effects, resulting in lower MAC concentrations. That is to say, when combined intravenous inhalation anesthesia is used, the corresponding concentration of MAC is lower than that of total inhalation anesthesia, and the depth of anesthesia achieved by patients receiving the same concentration of inhalation anesthesia is deeper.
  • the effects of mutual promotion and superposition between anesthetic drugs are complex, and the effects of different drug combinations are not the same. It is difficult for doctors to clearly understand the effects of the intravenous and inhaled drugs used at the same time, and can only adjust according to experience. Intravenous or inhaled drug concentrations. If the doctor is inexperienced, it is easy to underestimate the superimposed effect of drugs, resulting in overdose, excessive anesthesia, longer recovery time, and increased postoperative recovery time. This brings huge problems to the implementation of the concept of precision anesthesia and rapid recovery.
  • the present invention mainly provides an anesthesia depth indicating method, a device for indicating anesthesia depth, and an anesthesia machine, so as to indicate the anesthesia depth of a target object.
  • An embodiment provides a method for indicating depth of anesthesia, comprising:
  • the current anesthetic effect Including at least one of the following: the current equivalent MAC value, the equivalent metering information of the first drug, the equivalent metering information of the second drug, any other than the first drug and the second drug can be applied to Information on the equivalent dose of the target subject to the drug producing the anesthetic effect, the probability of responding to the stimulus, and the probability of not responding to the stimulus; and
  • the current anesthetic effect is displayed.
  • An embodiment also provides a method for indicating depth of anesthesia, comprising:
  • the current anesthetic efficacy includes at least one of the following: the current equivalent MAC value, the equivalent metering information of the third drug, the equivalent metering information of the fourth drug, any other than the third drug and the fourth drug Information on the equivalent dose of drugs that can be applied to the target subject to produce anesthetic effects, the probability of responding to the stimulus, and the probability of not responding to the stimulus; and
  • the current anesthetic effect is displayed.
  • An embodiment provides a device for prompting anesthesia depth, comprising:
  • the processor is configured to obtain the respective doses of the at least two drugs applied to the target object during the anesthesia process, and based on the respective doses of the at least two drugs, obtain the at least two drugs that act together on the target subject, the current anesthetic effect of the target subject; at least one of the at least two drugs is administered to the target subject by intravenous infusion; and
  • the current anesthetic efficacy includes at least one of the following: a current equivalent MAC value, equivalent metering information of any one of the at least two drugs, and any other drug other than the at least two drugs can be applied to the Information on the equivalent dose of the drug that produces the anesthetic effect, the probability that the target object will respond to the stimulus, and the probability that it will not respond to the stimulus.
  • An embodiment provides an anesthesia machine, comprising:
  • An anesthetic delivery device for delivering a gas mixed with at least two inhaled medicaments to a target subject
  • anesthesia breathing apparatus for providing breathing support for the target subject
  • the processor is configured to obtain the respective doses of the at least two inhaled drugs applied to the target object during the anesthesia process, and obtain the at least two inhaled drugs acting together on the target based on the respective doses the current anesthetic efficacy of said target subject on the subject;
  • the current anesthetic effect includes: equivalent metering information of a first inhaled drug among the at least two inhaled drugs, equivalent metering information of a second inhaled drug among the at least two inhaled drugs, or all The equivalent metering information of any other drugs other than the first inhaled drug and the second inhaled drug that can be applied to the target object to generate anesthetic effect.
  • An embodiment also provides an anesthesia machine, comprising:
  • Anesthesia delivery device for delivering a gas mixed with a drug to a target subject
  • anesthesia breathing apparatus for providing breathing support for the target subject
  • a human-computer interaction device for displaying visual information;
  • the visual information includes a main interface, the main interface includes a numerical value display area for displaying at least part of the values of ventilation-related parameters, and a waveform for displaying at least part of the ventilation-related parameters waveform display area;
  • the processor is configured to obtain the third dose of the third drug applied to the target object through the breathing circuit during the anesthesia process; obtain the fourth amount of the at least one fourth drug applied to the target object through intravenous infusion during the anesthesia process dose; based on the third dose to obtain the current MAC value of the third drug acting on the target object alone; based on the third dose and the fourth dose to obtain the current anesthetic of the target object
  • the current anesthetic effect includes the current equivalent MAC value of the third drug and the fourth drug acting together on the target object, and the current anesthetic effect is used to indicate the depth of anesthesia of the target object ;
  • the processor is configured to control the current MAC value and the current equivalent MAC value to be displayed on the same screen on the main interface.
  • An embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, the program being executable by a processor to implement the method as described above.
  • the respective doses of at least two drugs applied to the target object during the anesthesia process are obtained, and based on the respective doses of the at least two drugs.
  • the dose is obtained to obtain the current anesthetic effect of the target object when the at least two drugs act together on the target object; at least one of the at least two drugs is administered to the target object by intravenous infusion.
  • the present invention can indicate the depth of anesthesia of the target object under the condition that at least two anesthetic drugs are applied to the target object, so as to facilitate the doctor to make a more suitable drug administration decision.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of a device for prompting anesthesia depth provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of another embodiment of the device for prompting anesthesia depth provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of an anesthesia depth indication method provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the concrete flow chart of step 2 one embodiment in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of an anesthesia depth indication method provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an atrioventricular model in the anesthesia depth indication method provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a five-chamber model in the anesthesia depth indication method provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is the curve that the effect of medicine changes with medicine concentration in the anesthesia depth indication method provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is the drug effect surface diagram of mixing two kinds of drugs in the anesthesia depth indication method provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the main interface in the anesthesia depth indication method provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a partial enlarged view of the area A in FIG. 10 .
  • connection and “connection” mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (connections).
  • the present invention can calculate the comprehensive effect when multiple anesthetic drugs are simultaneously administered, and display it as an anesthetic effect for reference by the doctor, which enables the doctor to intuitively judge the depth of anesthesia of the current patient and facilitates making a more suitable drug treatment. drug decisions.
  • the following example calculates the comprehensive effect of multiple drugs through the pharmacokinetic model and the pharmacodynamic model, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
  • the anesthetic drug of this patent can be an intravenous drug that produces anesthetic effect on the patient through intravenous infusion, or an inhalation drug that produces an anesthetic effect on the patient through the breathing process. In some cases, the anesthetic drug is also referred to as anesthetic.
  • the device for prompting the depth of anesthesia includes a processor 60 and a human-computer interaction device 70 .
  • the human-computer interaction device 70 is used to perform human-computer interaction, for example, it can be used to output visual information, and can also be used to receive user input.
  • the human-computer interaction device 70 may use an input device to receive the user's input, such as a keyboard, operation buttons, mouse, trackball, touchpad, microphone, etc., or a touchscreen integrated with the display; the human-computer interaction device 70 outputs Displays can be used to visualize information, and the types of displays are not limited.
  • the processor 60 is configured to obtain the respective doses of the at least two drugs respectively applied to the target object during the anesthesia process, and based on the respective doses of the at least two drugs, obtain when the at least two drugs act together on the target object.
  • the target subject 's current anesthetic potency.
  • the target subject is the subject to be anesthetized, usually the patient.
  • the anesthesia of a patient is a continuous process, and the administration of anesthetic drugs is also a continuous process, so the dosage can be the concentration, flow, partial pressure, dose, dose rate, intravenous infusion flow, etc. of the drug.
  • the depth of anesthesia generally refers to the degree to which general anesthetics inhibit the central, circulatory, respiratory function and stress response under noxious stimuli.
  • the anesthetic efficacy of the present invention is a quantitative index, which can be used to indicate the depth of anesthesia, so that the depth of anesthesia can be quantified, which is convenient for anesthesiologists to measure.
  • Anesthesiologists need to know the depth of anesthesia of the patient during the anesthesia process in order to control the amount of anesthesia.
  • Anesthesiologists are very familiar with various existing anesthetic drugs.
  • the concentrations and doses of various anesthetic drugs, the probability that a person responds to a stimulus, the probability that a person does not respond to a stimulus (no response), and the MAC value correspond to
  • the depth of anesthesia is well known to the anesthesiologist, so these can be used as quantitative indicators of the depth of anesthesia, that is, all belong to the effect of anesthesia.
  • the current anesthetic efficacy of the target object includes at least one of the following: the current equivalent MAC value, the equivalent metering information of any one of the at least two drugs, and any other drugs other than the at least two drugs.
  • Equivalent metering information of a drug that can be applied to the target object to produce anesthetic effects (for the convenience of subsequent description, it is expressed by the equivalent metering information of the reference drug, and the reference drug is any applicable drug other than the at least two drugs to target subjects to produce anesthetic effects), the probability of responding to the stimulus, and the probability of not responding (unresponsive) to the stimulus.
  • Equivalent measurement information may include equivalent concentration value or equivalent dose value, etc.
  • the equivalent concentration value is often used, for intravenous infusion drugs, the equivalent dose value is often used, and of course, for intravenous infusion drugs, equivalent values can also be used.
  • the processor 60 may output the current anesthetic effect, or may further utilize the current anesthetic effect.
  • the output to the display of the human-machine interaction device 70 displays the current effect of anesthesia, so that the doctor can make a more suitable drug administration decision.
  • the display of the human-computer interaction device 70 displays the current anesthetic effect, which can be in many ways, for example, it can display the value of the current anesthetic effect, or it can display the current anesthesia in the form of graphics (such as color blocks) or charts (such as histograms), etc.
  • the user can see the approximate range of the current anesthetic efficacy value through graphs or charts, for example, different color blocks represent the anesthetic efficacy in different intervals, according to the current color block to know the range of the current anesthetic efficacy value,
  • the height of the histogram indicates the range of the current value of the anesthetic effect, etc.; no matter how it is displayed, in short, it can reflect the current anesthetic effect to a certain extent.
  • the anesthetic efficacy indicates the depth of anesthesia of the target object.
  • the present invention can indicate the depth of anesthesia of the target object through the current efficacy of the anesthetic under the condition that at least two kinds of anesthetics are applied to the target object, so as to facilitate the doctor to make a more suitable dosing decision .
  • the processor 60 further utilizes the current anesthetic efficacy, for example, is also used to obtain the anesthetic efficacy safety range input by the user, or is also used to obtain a preset anesthetic efficacy safety range; and then determine whether the current anesthetic efficacy is within the anesthetic efficacy.
  • Safety range if it is not in the safe range of anesthetic efficacy, it will output alarm prompt information, such as outputting alarm prompt information to the display, outputting the alarm prompt information to the speaker to emit the corresponding alarm sound, and outputting the alarm prompt information to the indicator light to emit the corresponding light.
  • Signals, etc. can also be output to external devices (such as monitors, etc.). Thus, the monitoring of anesthesia drug effect is realized, and the safety of anesthesia is improved.
  • the at least two drugs are drugs for anesthesia, which can be combined in various ways.
  • the at least two drugs may include at least two inhaled drugs, or at least two intravenous infusion drugs, and may also include At least one inhaled drug and at least one intravenous infusion drug.
  • the technical solutions formed by the combination of the three medicines will be described in detail below through a plurality of embodiments.
  • anesthetic drugs may be used to achieve the desired anesthetic effect, such as propofol and volatile inhalation anesthetics for sedation, and opioids for pain relief.
  • propofol and opioids are administered intravenously
  • volatile inhalation anesthetics are administered through the breathing circuit.
  • the at least two drugs include at least inhaled drugs and intravenous infusion drugs.
  • Step 1 The processor 60 obtains the dose of each anesthetic during the anesthesia process.
  • the processor 60 obtains the third dose of the third drug applied to the target subject through the respiratory airway during anesthesia.
  • the dose can be the concentration of the effect chamber, and the effect chamber is usually the lung, that is, in this embodiment, the third dose can be the concentration of the third drug in the alveoli, which can be monitored by the sensor at the end of expiration of the patient
  • the concentration of the third drug is obtained, for example, the concentration of the third drug at the end of the breath of the patient is used as the concentration of the third drug in the alveoli.
  • the third dose of the third drug may also be the flow rate of fresh gas, the output concentration of the vaporizer, etc., and the concentration of the effect chamber may be calculated through the drug metabolism model in the subsequent step 21 .
  • the processor 60 obtains the fourth dose of the fourth drug administered to the target subject through intravenous infusion during anesthesia.
  • the fourth drug may be one kind, or two kinds or more than two kinds.
  • the fourth dose can be pill dose, infusion flow rate, dose rate, effect chamber concentration or plasma concentration, etc.
  • the effect chamber concentration and plasma concentration are usually difficult to obtain directly and need to be calculated (see subsequent step 21).
  • the fourth dose is usually the pill dose, the infusion flow rate, the dose rate, etc.
  • the processor 60 can obtain the fourth dose from the infusion pump.
  • Step 2 The processor 60 determines the current anesthetic effect of the target object on which the various anesthetics act together on the target object based on the doses of the respective anesthetics. At least, based on the third dose and the fourth dose, the processor 60 determines the current anesthetic effect of the target object on which the third drug and the fourth drug act together on the target object.
  • the specific process can be shown in Figure 4, including the following steps:
  • Step 21 The processor 60 determines the effect chamber concentration of each anesthetic drug based on the dose of each anesthetic drug. At least, the processor 60 determines the third effect chamber concentration of the third drug based on the third dose, and determines the fourth effect chamber concentration of the fourth drug based on the fourth dose.
  • the commonly used model is the compartment model, and the commonly used two-compartment model and three-compartment model.
  • the model is shown in Figure 6, including the central chamber, the second chamber, the third chamber and the effect chamber.
  • the central chamber represents blood or plasma
  • the second chamber represents high blood perfusion tissue
  • the third chamber represents low blood perfusion tissue
  • the effect chamber represents the action part of the drug, such as brain tissue.
  • Each parameter k ij represents the distribution rate constant.
  • k 12 represents the distribution rate constant from the central chamber to the second chamber
  • k 21 represents the distribution rate constant from the second chamber to the central chamber
  • k 10 represents the discharge rate constant from the central chamber
  • k e0 represents the rate constant of the discharge from the effect chamber.
  • the fourth effect chamber concentration can be obtained by substituting the fourth dose into the preset pharmacokinetic model of the fourth drug. If the fourth dose is the concentration of the fourth effect chamber, this step can be omitted, and step 22 can be directly entered.
  • a similar compartmental model can also be used to describe its metabolic kinetics.
  • a five-compartment model is usually used, as shown in Figure 7.
  • the first chamber is the lung
  • the second chamber is the tissue group rich in blood vessels
  • the third chamber is the muscle tissue
  • the fifth chamber is the adipose tissue
  • the fourth chamber is other tissues.
  • the drug enters the human body only through the first chamber, and there is no drug exchange between the chambers, only the drug exchange with the lungs of the first chamber, and the drug is discharged from the human body through the first and second chambers (the role of the liver).
  • k ij represents the rate constant of drug distribution between the ith chamber and the jth chamber
  • k i0 represents the rate constant of drug expulsion.
  • Step 22 The processor 60 obtains the current anesthetic effect of the target object based on the effect chamber concentration of each anesthetic. At least, the processor 60 obtains the current anesthetic effect of the target subject based on the third effect chamber concentration and the fourth effect chamber concentration.
  • the processor 60 obtains the current anesthetic drug efficacy of the target object based on the effect chamber concentration of each anesthetic drug and the preset comprehensive drug efficacy model corresponding to each anesthetic drug. At least, the processor 60 inputs the third effect chamber concentration and the fourth effect chamber concentration into a preset comprehensive drug effect model corresponding to the third drug and the fourth drug, so as to obtain the current anesthetic drug effect of the target object.
  • the possible combinations of various anesthetic drugs can be calculated in advance, and a corresponding comprehensive drug effect model is set in the device for prompting the depth of anesthesia for each combination.
  • the processor 60 can retrieve the corresponding comprehensive drug effect model according to the drugs applied by the patient, and then obtain the current anesthetic drug effect of the patient according to the concentration of the effect chambers of these drugs.
  • the preset comprehensive pharmacodynamic model includes a functional relationship (pharmacodynamic curve) between the concentration of each effect compartment and the probability of no response to stimulation.
  • the pharmacodynamic model is the model used to estimate the effect of the drug.
  • the effect of a single drug, E can be thought of as the probability of not responding to a stimulus, as a function of drug concentration, with the formula:
  • E is the effect produced by the drug, that is, the probability of no response to the stimulus; E 0 is the effect when the drug is not applied; E max is the maximum effect that the drug can achieve; C 50 is the probability of reaching 50% of no response to the stimulus effect.
  • the change curve (pharmaceutical effect curve) of the effect E with the drug concentration C is shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the third drug A and the fourth drug B exist at the same time, they can be regarded as a series of new drugs according to different mixing ratios ⁇ .
  • E 0 is the effect when there is no drug
  • E max ( ⁇ ), U 50 ( ⁇ ), r ( ⁇ ) all change with the change of ⁇
  • E max ( ⁇ ) is the current drug A and the current
  • the ratio of drug B is the maximum effect that A and B can achieve when ⁇ works together, which can be obtained from experience or experiments.
  • U 50 ( ⁇ ) and r ( ⁇ ) can be derived from theoretical knowledge or obtained experimentally, and is a known quantity. It can be seen that the comprehensive pharmacodynamic model of a variety of drugs can be obtained by the above method. The above method is only an example, and other methods can also be used to obtain it, which will not be repeated here.
  • the processor 60 normalizes the effect chamber concentration C A and the effect chamber concentration C B to obtain U A and U B , and substitutes the two into the comprehensive pharmacodynamic model (formula 2) to obtain the current comprehensive effect E, that is, the current effect on stimulation is not affected.
  • the probability of the response from which the probability of the current response to the stimulus can also be obtained. It can also be seen from FIG. 9 that the combined effect E can be obtained by knowing the concentrations of the two drugs.
  • the current anesthetic effect is the current equivalent MAC value, the equivalent measurement information of the third drug, the equivalent measurement information of the fourth drug, or the equivalent measurement information of the reference drug, the current comprehensive effect E needs to be converted into the current Anesthetic efficacy.
  • the minimum alveolar effective concentration, MAC is the concentration of inhaled anesthetic in the alveoli when 50% of humans or animals lose the escape motor response to noxious stimuli (such as skin incision) at one atmospheric pressure.
  • the MAC value is a multiple of the lowest alveolar effective concentration MAC.
  • the MAC value can be regarded as a reflection of the patient's response to the stimulation of the skin incision. The doctor has a very familiar experience with the depth of anesthesia corresponding to the MAC value.
  • the corresponding drug effect level is a 50% probability of no response to incision stimulation; when the MAC value is 0.3, the patient is about to wake up; when the MAC value is 1.3, the corresponding drug effect level is about 90% probability of incision. No response to skin irritation.
  • the MAC value is widely known by doctors, so it is simple and convenient to use the MAC value to reflect the depth of anesthesia of the patient, and it will not increase the learning cost of the doctor.
  • the device for prompting the depth of anesthesia may further include a memory, and the drug effect curves corresponding to different MAC values may be calculated in advance and stored in the memory.
  • the processor 60 compares the current comprehensive effect E after the interaction of the two drugs with the drug effect curves corresponding to different MAC values when the inhaled drug is administered alone, and finds out the MAC value corresponding to the same effect, and the MAC value is the current etc. Valid MAC value.
  • the pharmacodynamic models (pharmacodynamic curves) of the third drug, the fourth drug, and the reference drug are all known, so the processor 60 substitutes the probability of the current unresponsiveness to the stimulus obtained from the comprehensive pharmacodynamic model into the use of the third drug alone.
  • the pharmacodynamic model of the drug, the fourth drug or the reference drug can be reversely derived: the equivalent measurement information of the third drug, the fourth drug and the reference drug, so as to represent the current anesthetic efficacy.
  • Step 3 The processor 60 displays the current anesthetic effect through the display; for example, the current anesthetic effect is displayed in real time on the main interface (as shown in FIG. 10 ).
  • the processor 60 can also display the operations suitable for the target subject under the current effect of anesthesia in text or graphics through the display, and the operations include intubation, skin incision, maintenance or wake.
  • the four operations of intubation, skin incision, maintenance and awakening are displayed in text, and the corresponding anesthetic effects of these four operations are displayed in the form of graphics (color blocks) and text (values).
  • the current anesthetic effect is displayed in the form of graphics (color blocks) and text (numerical values), and the user can find the operation of the appropriate target object according to the graphics or text of the current anesthetic effect, which is very intuitive.
  • the processor 60 can calculate and obtain the current anesthetic effect according to the dosage of each drug, it can also further estimate the subsequent anesthetic effect. For example, the processor 60 estimates the concentration of the third effect chamber of the third drug in the future preset time period based on the preset pharmacokinetic model of the third drug; based on the preset pharmacokinetic model of the fourth drug, predicts estimating the fourth effect chamber concentration of the fourth drug in the future preset time period; based on the third effect chamber concentration of the third drug in the future preset time period and the fourth effect chamber concentration of the fourth drug in the future preset time period to obtain The change trend of the anesthetic efficacy of the target object in the future preset time period; and then the change trend of the anesthetic efficacy in the future preset time period is displayed through the display.
  • the change trend can be displayed in the form of a graph, for example, a change curve is used to present the change of the effect of anesthesia with time in a preset time period in the future.
  • the preset time period can be set according to user needs or experience. For example, the time period can be longer than the wake-up time of the patient after the current drug withdrawal, which is beneficial to the subsequent calculation of the wake-up time.
  • the processor 60 can also estimate the anesthetic metabolism time of the target object according to the current anesthetic effect, and display the anesthetic metabolism time when the current anesthetic effect is displayed.
  • the anesthetic metabolism time may include the recovery time after the current drug withdrawal.
  • the processor 60 estimates the anesthetic metabolism time of the target object according to the current anesthetic effect, and can adopt the following methods:
  • the processor 60 may acquire the recovery anesthetic effect input by the user, or may acquire the preset recovery anesthetic effect.
  • the patient's anesthetic effect drops to the recovery anesthetic effect, which indicates that the patient is about to wake up.
  • the recovery anesthetic effect can be input by the user or preset by the system.
  • the processor 60 estimates the metabolism time of the target object from the current anesthetic drug effect to the awakening anesthetic effect, and the metabolism time is the recovery time of the target object after the current drug withdrawal.
  • the processor 60 has obtained the change trend of the anesthetic effect of the target object in the preset time period in the future through the above method, and obtains the time corresponding to the wake-up anesthesia effect from the change trend, and the wake-up time can be obtained according to the time.
  • the wake-up time can be the moment when the patient wakes up in the future, or the time required for the patient to wake up in the future from the current moment, which can indicate when the patient wakes up.
  • the above-mentioned future change trend of anesthesia drug effect and recovery time are estimated based on the actual drug dosage, and the device for prompting anesthesia depth provided by the present invention can also perform analog input on the dosage.
  • the processor 60 is further configured to provide setting items of the future dosage of medicines through the display, and the user can operate the input device to set the future dosage of each medicine.
  • the processor 60 receives the respective doses of the at least two drugs in the future preset time period set by the user through the input device, for example, receiving the third dose of the third drug and the fourth drug in the future preset time period set by the user
  • the fourth dose of the drug based on the respective doses of the at least two drugs in the future preset time period, the change trend of the anesthetic efficacy in the future preset time period is obtained; for example, based on the third dose in the future preset time period and the fourth dose to obtain the change trend of the anesthetic efficacy in a preset time period in the future.
  • the third dose in the future preset time period is substituted into the preset pharmacokinetic model of the third drug, and the concentration of the third effect chamber of the third drug in the future preset time period is estimated;
  • the fourth dose in the period is substituted into the preset pharmacokinetic model of the fourth drug, and the concentration of the fourth effect chamber of the fourth drug in the future preset time period is estimated; based on the third effect chamber in the future preset time period
  • the concentration and the concentration of the fourth effect chamber in the future preset time period are used to obtain the change trend of the anesthetic effect of the target object in the future preset time period.
  • the processor 60 displays the change trend of the anesthetic drug effect in a preset time period in the future through the display.
  • the change trend may be a change curve graph reflecting the change relationship between the anesthetic drug effect and time.
  • the processor 60 is further configured to obtain the target anesthetic effect input by the user through the input device.
  • the target anesthetic effect can also be preset by the system, that is, the processor 60 can also obtain the preset target anesthetic effect.
  • the processor 60 displays the change trend of the anesthetic effect in the future preset time period through the display, the processor 60 can also display the target anesthetic effect through the display; thus, it can prompt the patient how long it will take to reach the target anesthetic effect.
  • the processor 60 can also obtain the time required for the anesthetic effect to reach the target anesthetic effect according to the target anesthetic effect and the change trend of the anesthetic effect in the future preset time period, and display the anesthesia in the future preset time period through the display.
  • the duration is also displayed; so as to directly prompt.
  • the change trend of the anesthetic efficacy in the future preset time period can be obtained based on the actual drug delivery amount, or it can be based on the third delivery amount of the third drug and the third drug delivery amount of the fourth drug in the future preset time period set by the user. Four delivery amount is obtained, two ways have been described in the above content.
  • the processor 60 may also be configured to receive the user's modification of the dose of at least one of the at least two drugs through the input device; for example, to receive the user's modification of the dose of the third drug, and/or to receive the user's modification Modification of the dose of the fourth drug; further, according to the modification of the dose of at least one drug by the user, the change trend of the anesthetic efficacy in the future preset time period is updated and displayed on the display. In this way, after the doctor changes the dosage of the drug, the change trend of the anesthetic effect can be updated at any time, and the prompt of the anesthetic effect is very convenient and accurate. If the change is the dosage of the drug for a period of time in the future, the change trend of the anesthetic efficacy can also be updated, and the doctor can simulate the dosage more conveniently.
  • the present invention can not only estimate the future anesthetic effect, but also check the past anesthetic effect.
  • the processor 60 associates and saves the current anesthetic effect with the current time, and after a period of time, the anesthetic effect of the previous period is saved.
  • the doctor can issue corresponding instructions through the input device.
  • the processor 60 receives, through the input device, an instruction for checking the change of the anesthetic effect; in response to the instruction, the change trend of the anesthetic effect is generated according to the anesthetic effect at different moments (a period of time before the current moment) in the anesthesia process, and is passed through. Display shows. In this embodiment, the display of the change trend is described by taking the display of the change curve as an example. By viewing the change curve of the patient's history, the doctor can be used for teaching, and it is also convenient for the traceability of the operation situation.
  • the processor 60 may also provide the corresponding dose of the drug for the reference of the doctor. For example, the processor 60 generates a change trend (eg, a change curve) of the drug dose according to the drug dose at different times during the anesthesia process (a period of time before the current time), and displays the change trend (eg, a change curve) of the anesthetic efficacy.
  • a change trend eg, a change curve
  • the change trend of drug dosage and the change trend of anesthetic efficacy share the time axis. In this way, doctors can not only see the change trend of drug dosage and anesthetic efficacy on the change curve of anesthetic efficacy, but also see the corresponding relationship between the two, which has reference significance.
  • the processor 60 may receive, through the input device, an instruction for selecting a time point on the change trend of the anesthetic effect, and in response to the instruction, display the drug delivery amount corresponding to the selected time point. This can also reflect the corresponding relationship between the dose of drugs and the efficacy of anesthesia at a certain time.
  • the device for prompting the depth of anesthesia may be medical equipment such as an anesthesia machine, a ventilator, a monitor, and a central station, or other equipment with data processing capabilities; this embodiment takes an anesthesia machine as an example for description.
  • the anesthesia machine provided by the present invention includes an air source interface 10 , an anesthetic delivery device 20 , a breathing circuit 30 , an anesthetic breathing device 40 , a monitoring system 50 , a processor 60 and a human-computer interaction device 70 .
  • the air source interface 10 is connected to the breathing circuit 30 through the anesthetic delivery device 20, that is, the three are connected by air in sequence.
  • the air source interface 10 is used to connect the air source.
  • the gas source is used to provide the gas required by the anesthesia machine, such as oxygen, air and nitrous oxide (nitrous oxide), etc.
  • the gas source can be external, such as various gas cylinders, hospital pipes, etc.; it can also be internal , such as a turbo.
  • the anesthetic delivery device 20 is used to mix the gas provided by the gas source with the third medicine (inhalation anesthetic), and deliver the mixed gas to the breathing circuit 30 .
  • the anesthetic delivery device 20 may employ a vaporizer.
  • a gas mixture gas circuit can also be connected in series between the air source interface 10 and the anesthetic delivery device 20, which can be composed of connecting conduits and various types of valves, and the air source interfaces such as oxygen, air and nitrous oxide (nitrous oxide) are confluent. It is then output to the anesthetic delivery device 20 .
  • Some valves can close the corresponding oxygen, air, nitrous oxide and other gas paths, and some other valves can adjust the flow rate of the corresponding oxygen, air, nitrous oxide, etc. Therefore, through the control of each valve, the flow rate and mixing ratio of various gases can be set.
  • the breathing circuit 30 is an air path connecting the anesthetic delivery device 20 and a target object (usually a patient), and can recycle the gas exhaled by the patient to save anesthetics and reduce environmental pollution. It may include various connecting catheters and accessories, which may be nasal plugs, nasal masks, face masks, endotracheal catheters with balloons at the end, and the like.
  • a gas purification device may be provided in the breathing circuit 30 for removing at least part of the carbon dioxide exhaled into the breathing circuit by the patient.
  • a CO 2 absorbent soda
  • the CO2 absorbent reacts with CO2 to achieve the purpose of removing CO2 , and at the same time, the reaction generates water and heat, which is conducive to maintaining the temperature and humidity of the patient's inhaled gas.
  • the anesthesia breathing apparatus 40 is used to control the breathing circuit 30 to periodically deliver the mixed gas to the patient, thereby providing anesthesia breathing support for the patient.
  • the anesthesia breathing apparatus 40 may include a plurality of valves disposed in the breathing circuit 30 and a board for driving the plurality of valves. By controlling a plurality of valves, the board can periodically deliver the mixed gas to the patient, thereby providing anesthesia breathing support for the patient.
  • the monitoring system 50 is used to monitor ventilation related parameters.
  • the ventilation-related parameters may include the flow of various gases.
  • the monitoring system 50 includes multiple flow sensors, and the multiple flow sensors are respectively used to monitor the flow of various gases (oxygen, air, nitrous oxide, third drug, etc.).
  • the ventilation-related parameters may also include a plurality of pressure sensors for monitoring the pressure on each air path, including the pressure of carbon dioxide exhaled by the patient, and for monitoring the pressure in the patient, such as airway pressure, esophageal pressure, and the like.
  • the processor 60 is used to control the anesthetic delivery device 20 , the anesthesia breathing device 40 , the monitoring system 50 , and the human-computer interaction device 70 , etc., so as to realize the functions of an anesthesia machine.
  • the gas source provides gas, and the gas components are mixed through the gas mixing gas path, and then the third drug is added and the concentration is adjusted through the evaporator to form fresh gas; the fresh gas enters the breathing circuit 30, and the manual ball
  • the bag or the anesthesia breathing device 40 performs ventilation control to deliver fresh gas to the patient, and the exhaust gas exhaled by the patient passes through the gas purification device, or is discharged after purification; in the above process, the anesthesia breathing device 40 monitors the machine state and patient parameters through the monitoring system 50 , to ensure patient safety, and to make abnormal alarms.
  • the processor 60 displays a main interface through the display.
  • the main interface includes a numerical value display area B for displaying the numerical values of at least part of the ventilation-related parameters, and a waveform display area for displaying the waveforms of at least part of the ventilation-related parameters. C.
  • the processor 60 obtains the current MAC value of the third drug alone acting on the target object based on the third dose; for example, inputting the third dose into a preset pharmacokinetic model of the third drug, to obtain the The concentration of the third effect chamber; input the concentration of the third effect chamber into the preset pharmacodynamic model of the third drug, and obtain the functional relationship between the concentration of the third effect chamber and the probability of no response to the stimulus; and then obtain the first effect according to the functional relationship.
  • the current MAC value of the three drugs acting alone on the target object, the MAC value in Figure 10 is 1.1.
  • the current anesthetic effect includes the current equivalent MAC value of the third drug and the fourth drug acting together on the target object.
  • the processor 60 controls the display to display the current MAC value and the current equivalent MAC value on the same screen on the main interface.
  • the current MAC value is 1.1
  • the current equivalent MAC value is 1.2
  • the main interface further includes an inhalation anesthesia indication area D for displaying parameters related to applying a third drug, such as oxygen concentration, nitrous oxide concentration, oxygen flow, and air flow.
  • the processor 60 controls the display to display the current MAC value in the inhalation anesthesia indication area D; and in an area different from the inhalation anesthesia indication area D (area A in FIG. 10 ), display the current equivalent MAC value.
  • the current MAC value and the current equivalent MAC value can also be displayed adjacently, so that the doctor can understand the increase of the anesthetic effect after intravenous injection of the anesthetic.
  • the MAC value can be regarded as reflecting the efficacy of the patient's response to the skin incision stimulation.
  • the doctor has a very familiar experience with the depth of anesthesia corresponding to the MAC value, which will not incur learning costs for the doctor.
  • the equivalent MAC value finally obtained by the present invention may be presented in a numerical value, graphical display, differentiation of different color blocks, and the like.
  • the anesthesia machine provided by the present invention can provide the doctor with the comprehensive effect indication of at least two current anesthetics under the condition that the patient has both inhalation anesthesia and intravenous injection anesthesia, without increasing the cost of the doctor's study.
  • the doctor knows the current anesthesia situation of the patient.
  • the anesthetics mentioned in this article are various drugs used for anesthesia.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the steps of the method for indicating the depth of anesthesia are also shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the third medicine is correspondingly replaced with the first medicine
  • the fourth medicine is correspondingly replaced with the second medicine
  • the third medicine is correspondingly replaced with the second medicine.
  • the third dosage of the first medicine is correspondingly replaced with the first dosage of the first medicine
  • the fourth dosage of the fourth medicine is correspondingly replaced with the second dosage of the second medicine, including the following steps:
  • Step 1' the processor 60 obtains the dosage of each anesthetic during the anesthesia process.
  • the difference between Step 1' of this embodiment and Step 1 of Embodiment 1 is that: in this embodiment, the first medicine and the second medicine applied to the patient are both intravenous infusion medicines, that is, both are administered intravenously; the others are the same. Therefore, in this embodiment, step 1' is specifically: the processor 60 obtains the first dose of the first drug and the second dose of the second drug applied to the target subject by intravenous infusion during the anesthesia process; the first dose The amount and the second dose can be specifically obtained from the infusion pump, or manually input by the user, or obtained from other information systems in the hospital through an anesthesia machine.
  • the first drug, the second drug and the fourth drug in this application all relate to anesthetic drugs that act on the target object through intravenous infusion.
  • the fourth drug can be combined with the first drug or the second drug as The same intravenous drug can also be another intravenous drug different from the first drug and the second drug.
  • Step 2' the processor 60 determines, based on the first dose and the second dose, the current anesthetic effect of the target object on which the first drug and the second drug act together on the target object.
  • the specific process can adopt the method shown in FIG. 4 , the third dose of the third drug is correspondingly replaced with the first dose of the first drug, and the fourth dose of the fourth drug is correspondingly replaced with the second dose
  • the second dose of the drug may be sufficient.
  • the difference between this step and step 2 of the first embodiment is that the preset pharmacokinetic models used in this embodiment are all compartment models.
  • the other contents are the same as step 2 of the first embodiment, and are not repeated here.
  • Step 3' the processor 60 displays the current anesthetic effect through the display.
  • the specific process is the same as that of step 3 in the first embodiment, which is not repeated here.
  • At least one of the at least two drugs is administered to the target object by intravenous infusion.
  • the at least two drugs can also be inhaled drugs. Be explained.
  • the steps of the method for indicating the depth of anesthesia are also as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the third medicine is replaced with the first inhaled medicine
  • the fourth medicine is replaced with the second inhaled medicine
  • the third medicine is replaced with the second inhaled medicine.
  • the third dose of the three drugs is correspondingly replaced by the dose of the first inhaled drug
  • the fourth dose of the fourth drug is correspondingly replaced by the dose of the second inhalation drug, including the following steps:
  • Step 1" the processor 60 obtains the dose of each anesthetic drug in the anesthesia process.
  • the drugs used in this embodiment are all inhalation drugs, that is, they are all administered through the respiratory airway, Others are the same. Therefore, in this embodiment, step 1" is specifically: the processor 60 obtains the respective doses of the at least two inhaled drugs applied to the target object during the anesthesia process, for example, obtains the target object through the respiratory airway during the anesthesia process.
  • the dose of the first inhaled medication and the dose of the second inhaled medication applied by the subject are specifically: the processor 60 obtains the respective doses of the at least two inhaled drugs applied to the target object during the anesthesia process, for example, obtains the target object through the respiratory airway during the anesthesia process.
  • Step 2 the processor 60 obtains the current anesthetic effect of the target object on which the at least two inhaled drugs act together on the target object based on the respective doses of the at least two inhaled drugs, for example, the processor 60 is based on the first inhaled drug.
  • the dosage of the medicine and the dosage of the second inhaled medicine determine the current anesthetic effect of the target object that at least two inhaled medicines act together on the target object.
  • the method shown in Figure 4 can be used in its specific process, and the The third dose of the third drug should be replaced with the dose of the first inhaled drug, and the fourth dose of the fourth drug should be replaced by the dose of the second inhaled drug.
  • this step and the implementation of The difference between step 2 in Example 1 is that the preset pharmacokinetic models used in this embodiment are all five-chamber models.
  • Step 3" the processor 60 displays the current anesthetic effect on the display.
  • the current anesthetic effect includes: the equivalent metering information of the first inhaled medicine among the at least two inhaled medicines, and the second inhaled medicine among the at least two inhaled medicines.
  • the specific process is the same as that of the first embodiment. step 3, which will not be repeated here.
  • the program can also be stored in a server, another computer, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a flash disk or a mobile hard disk and other storage media, and saved by downloading or copying All or part of the functions in the above embodiments can be implemented when the program in the memory is executed by the processor.
  • any tangible, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be used, including magnetic storage devices (hard disks, floppy disks, etc.), optical storage devices (CD-ROMs, DVDs, Blu Ray disks, etc.), flash memory, and/or the like .
  • These computer program instructions may be loaded on a general purpose computer, special purpose computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to form a machine such that execution of the instructions on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus may generate means for implementing the specified functions.
  • Computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that instructs a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory form a piece of Articles of manufacture, including implementing means for implementing specified functions.
  • Computer program instructions may also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing device to perform a series of operational steps on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process such that a process executed on the computer or other programmable device Instructions may provide steps for implementing specified functions.
  • the term “comprising” and any other variations thereof are non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device including a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also not expressly listed or included in the process , method, system, article or other elements of the device.
  • the term “coupled” and any other variations thereof refer to physical connections, electrical connections, magnetic connections, optical connections, communication connections, functional connections, and/or any other connection.

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Abstract

一种麻醉深度指示方法以及用于提示麻醉深度的装置和麻醉机，获取麻醉过程中对目标对象分别施加的至少两种药物各自的投放量，并基于至少两种药物各自的投放量，得到至少两种药物共同作用于目标对象时，目标对象的当前麻醉药效；至少两种药物的至少之一通过静脉输注施加于目标对象。可以在目标对象施加了两种麻药的情况下，指示目标对象的麻醉深度，便于医生做出更适合的给药决策。

Description

麻醉深度指示方法、用于提示麻醉深度的装置和麻醉机 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域，具体涉及麻醉深度指示方法、用于提示麻醉深度的装置和麻醉机。
背景技术
最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC，Minimum Alveolar Concentration)，是指在一个大气压下有50％病人在切皮刺激时不动，此时肺泡内麻醉药物的浓度。在吸入麻醉过程中，医生通常通过病人麻醉深度所对应的MAC值来判断病人麻醉深度。当病人的肺泡内麻药浓度达到1.3MAC时，约90％的病人都能达到耐受切皮刺激的麻醉深度；当病人的肺泡内麻药浓度达到0.4MAC时，通过呼唤和摇晃即可唤醒病人。当医生同时给病人施用静脉麻醉药物时，如镇静药物Propofol或镇痛药物阿片类药物，静脉药物会和吸入药物之间有互相叠加的作用，导致MAC浓度降低。即当使用静吸复合麻醉时，MAC所对应的浓度比全凭吸入麻醉时的浓度更低，而病人在接受相同浓度的吸入麻醉药物时，所达到的麻醉深度更深。然而，麻醉药物之间互相促进、叠加的效果较为复杂，并且不同药物组合之间的效果也并不相同，医生很难清楚的了解所使用静脉、吸入药物同时使用的效果，只能根据经验调节静脉给药或吸入药物浓度。如果医生经验不足，很容易对药物叠加作用估计不足，造成过度用药，病人麻醉过深，苏醒时间变长，术后恢复时间增加。这给精准麻醉、快速康复理念的推行带来了巨大难题。
发明内容
本发明主要提供一种麻醉深度指示方法、用于提示麻醉深度的装置和麻醉机，以指示目标对象的麻醉深度。
一实施例提供一种麻醉深度指示方法，包括：
获取麻醉过程中通过静脉输注对目标对象施加的第一药物的第一投放量和第二药物的第二投放量；
基于所述第一投放量和所述第二投放量，确定所述第一药物和第二药物共同作用在所述目标对象上的所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效；所述当前麻醉药效包括以下至少之一：当前等效MAC值，所述第一药物的等效计量信息，所述第二药物的等效计量信息，所述第一药物与第二药物以外其他任一可施加至目标对象以产生麻醉药效的药物的等效计量信息，对刺激有反应的概率，以及对刺激无反应的概率；以及
显示所述当前麻醉药效。
一实施例还提供一种麻醉深度指示方法，包括：
获取麻醉过程中通过呼吸气道对目标对象施加的第三药物的第三投放量；
获取麻醉过程中通过静脉输注对目标对象施加的至少一种第四药物的第四投放量；
基于所述第三投放量和所述第四投放量，确定所述第三药物和至少一种第四药物共同作用在所述目标对象上的所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效；所述当前麻醉药效包括以下至少之一：当前等效MAC值，所述第三药物的等效计量信息，所述第四药物的等效计量信息，所述第三药物与第四药物以外其他任一可施加至目标对象以产生麻醉药效的药物的等效计量信息，对刺激有反应的概率，以及对刺激无反应的概率；以及
显示所述当前麻醉药效。
一实施例提供一种用于提示麻醉深度的装置，包括：
处理器，用于获取麻醉过程中对目标对象分别施加的至少两种药物各自的投放量，并基于所述至少两种药物各自的投放量，得到所述至少两种药物共同作用于所述目标对象时，所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效；所述至少两种药物的至少之一通过静脉输注施加于所述目标对象；以及
人机交互装置，用于显示所述当前麻醉药效；
所述当前麻醉药效包括以下至少之一：当前等效MAC值，所述至少两种药物中的任一药物的等效计量信息，所述至少两种药物以外其他任一可施加至所述目标对象以产生麻醉药效的药物的等效计量信息，对刺激有反应的概率，以及对刺激无反应的概率。
一实施例提供一种麻醉机，包括：
麻药输送装置，用于将混合有至少两种吸入药物的气体输送给目标对象；
麻醉呼吸装置，用于为所述目标对象提供呼吸支持；
处理器，用于获取麻醉过程中对所述目标对象施加的所述至少两种吸入药物各自的投放量，并基于所述各自的投放量得到所述至少两种吸入药物共同作用在所述目标对象上的所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效；
其中，所述当前麻醉药效包括：所述至少两种吸入药物中的第一吸入药物的等效计量信息，所述至少两种吸入药物中的第二吸入药物的等效计量信息，或所述第一吸入药物和第二吸入药物以外任一其他可施加至目标对象以产生麻醉药效的药物的等效计量信息。
一实施例还提供一种麻醉机，包括：
麻药输送装置，用于将混合有药物的气体输送给目标对象；
麻醉呼吸装置，用于为所述目标对象提供呼吸支持；
监测系统，用于监测通气相关参数；
人机交互装置，用于显示可视化信息；所述可视化信息包括主界面，所述主界面包括用于显示至少部分通气相关参数的数值的数值显示区，以及用于显示至少部分通气相 关参数的波形的波形显示区；
处理器，用于获取麻醉过程中通过呼吸回路对目标对象施加的第三药物的第三投放量；获取麻醉过程中通过静脉输注对所述目标对象施加的至少一种第四药物的第四投放量；基于所述第三投放量得到所述第三药物单独作用在所述目标对象上的当前MAC值；基于所述第三投放量和第四投放量得到所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效，所述当前麻醉药效包括所述第三药物和第四药物共同作用在所述目标对象上的当前等效MAC值，且所述当前麻醉药效用于指示所述目标对象的麻醉深度；
其中，所述处理器用于控制在所述主界面上同屏显示所述当前MAC值和所述当前等效MAC值。
一实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述介质上存储有程序，所述程序能够被处理器执行以实现如上所述的方法。
依据上述实施例的麻醉深度指示方法、用于提示麻醉深度的装置和麻醉机，获取麻醉过程中对目标对象分别施加的至少两种药物各自的投放量，并基于所述至少两种药物各自的投放量，得到所述至少两种药物共同作用于所述目标对象时，所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效；所述至少两种药物的至少之一通过静脉输注施加于所述目标对象。可见，本发明可以在目标对象施加了至少两种麻醉药物的情况下，指示目标对象的麻醉深度，便于医生做出更适合的给药决策。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的用于提示麻醉深度的装置一实施例的结构框图；
图2为本发明提供的用于提示麻醉深度的装置另一实施例的结构框图；
图3为本发明提供的麻醉深度指示方法一实施例的流程图；
图4为图3中步骤2一实施例的具体流程图；
图5为本发明提供的麻醉深度指示方法一实施例的流程示意图；
图6为本发明提供的麻醉深度指示方法中，房室模型一实施例的示意图；
图7为本发明提供的麻醉深度指示方法中，五室模型一实施例的示意图；
图8为本发明提供的麻醉深度指示方法中，药物的效果随药物浓度变化的曲线；
图9为本发明提供的麻醉深度指示方法中，两种药物混合的药效曲面图；
图10为本发明提供的麻醉深度指示方法中，主界面一实施例的示意图；
图11为图10中A区域的局部放大图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。其中不同实施方式中类似元件采用了相关联的类似的元件标号。在以下的实施方式中，很多细节描述是为了 使得本申请能被更好的理解。然而，本领域技术人员可以毫不费力的认识到，其中部分特征在不同情况下是可以省略的，或者可以由其他元件、材料、方法所替代。在某些情况下，本申请相关的一些操作并没有在说明书中显示或者描述，这是为了避免本申请的核心部分被过多的描述所淹没，而对于本领域技术人员而言，详细描述这些相关操作并不是必要的，他们根据说明书中的描述以及本领域的一般技术知识即可完整了解相关操作。
另外，说明书中所描述的特点、操作或者特征可以以任意适当的方式结合形成各种实施方式。同时，方法描述中的各步骤或者动作也可以按照本领域技术人员所能显而易见的方式进行顺序调换或调整。因此，说明书和附图中的各种顺序只是为了清楚描述某一个实施例，并不意味着是必须的顺序，除非另有说明其中某个顺序是必须遵循的。
本文中为部件所编序号本身，例如“第一”、“第二”等，仅用于区分所描述的对象，不具有任何顺序或技术含义。而本申请所说“连接”、“联接”，如无特别说明，均包括直接和间接连接(联接)。
本发明可以计算多种麻醉药物同时投放时的综合效果，并将之等效为一麻醉药效显示给医生参考，能够让医生直观的判断出当前病人的麻醉深度，便于做出更适合的给药决策。下文的实施例通过药物代谢动力学模型和药效模型计算多种药物的综合效果，但应该理解的是，本发明并不局限于此实施方式。本专利的麻醉药物可以是通过静脉输注对病人产生麻醉药效的静脉药物，也可以是通过呼吸过程对病人产生麻醉药效的吸入药物，在某些情况下麻醉药物又简称为麻药。
如图1所示，本发明提供的用于提示麻醉深度的装置，包括处理器60和人机交互装置70。
人机交互装置70用于进行人机交互，例如可以用于输出可视化信息，还可以用于接收用户的输入。人机交互装置70接收用户的输入可采用输入装置，如键盘、操作按钮、鼠标、轨迹球、触摸板、麦克风等，也可以采用与显示器集成在一起的触控屏；人机交互装置70输出可视化信息可以采用显示器，显示器的类型不限。
处理器60用于获取麻醉过程中对目标对象分别施加的至少两种药物各自的投放量，并基于所述至少两种药物各自的投放量，得到所述至少两种药物共同作用于目标对象时目标对象的当前麻醉药效。目标对象即被麻醉的对象，通常是病人。通常病人的麻醉是一个持续的过程，麻醉药物的给药也是一个持续过程，故投放量可以是药物的浓度、流量、分压、剂量、剂量速度、静脉输注流量等。
麻醉深度一般指全身麻醉药抑制伤害性刺激下的中枢、循环、呼吸功能及应激反应的程度。本发明的麻醉药效是一个量化指标，能用来指示麻醉深度，让麻醉深度量化，便于麻醉医生衡量。麻醉医生在麻醉过程中需要了解病人的麻醉深度，以便控制麻药的投放量。麻醉医生对现有的各种麻醉药物是非常熟悉的，因此，各种麻醉药物的浓度、 剂量，人对刺激有反应的概率，人对刺激不反应(无反应)的概率，MAC值等对应的麻醉深度对麻醉医生而言是熟知的，因此这些都可以作为麻醉深度的量化指标，即都属于麻醉药效。即本发明中，目标对象的当前麻醉药效包括以下至少之一：当前等效MAC值，所述至少两种药物中的任一药物的等效计量信息，所述至少两种药物以外其他任一可施加至目标对象以产生麻醉药效的药物的等效计量信息(为便于后续描述，用参考药物的等效计量信息表述，参考药物是除所述至少两种药物以外的任一可施加至目标对象以产生麻醉药效的药物)，对刺激有反应的概率，以及对刺激不反应(无反应)的概率。等效计量信息可以包括等效浓度值或等效剂量值等，对于吸入药物常采用等效浓度值，对于静脉输注药物常采用等效剂量值，当然对于静脉输注药物还可以采用等效效应室或血浆室的血药浓度。
处理器60得到目标对象的当前麻醉药效后，可以输出当前麻醉药效，也可以进一步利用当前麻醉药效。例如输出给人机交互装置70的显示器显示当前麻醉药效，便于医生做出更适合的给药决策。人机交互装置70的显示器显示当前麻醉药效，可以有多种方式，例如可以显示当前麻醉药效的数值，也可以以图形(如色块)或图表(如柱状图)等方式显示当前麻醉药效，用户通过图形或图表等能看出当前麻醉药效数值的大致范围，如不同色块代表不同区间的麻醉药效，根据当前的色块可知当前麻醉药效的数值所处的区间，如柱状图的高度表示当前麻醉药效的数值所处的区间等；不论何种方式显示，总之能一定程度反映当前麻醉药效的高低即可。麻醉药效能指示目标对象的麻醉深度，可见本发明可以在目标对象施加了至少两种麻药的情况下，通过当前麻醉药效指示目标对象的麻醉深度，便于医生做出更适合的给药决策。
处理器60对当前麻醉药效进一步利用，例如还用于获取用户输入的麻醉药效安全范围，或者还用于获取预设的麻醉药效安全范围；进而判断当前麻醉药效是否处于麻醉药效安全范围，若没有处于麻醉药效安全范围，则输出报警提示信息，例如输出报警提示信息给显示器显示，输出报警提示信息给扬声器发出对应的警报声，输出报警提示信息给指示灯发出对应的光信号等，还可以输出给外部设备(例如监护仪等)。从而实现了对麻醉药效的监控，提高了麻醉的安全性。
所述至少两种药物为用于麻醉的药物，其可以有多种组合，例如，所述至少两种药物可以包括至少两种吸入药物，也可以包括至少两种静脉输注药物，还可以包括至少一种吸入药物以及至少一种静脉输注药物。下面将通过多个实施例对这三种药物组合分别形成的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例一：
麻醉过程中医生可能使用多种麻醉药物以达到所需要的麻醉效果，如使用丙泊酚和挥发性吸入麻醉药物达到镇静效果，使用阿片类药物达到镇痛效果。其中丙泊酚、阿片类药物都是通过静脉投放，挥发性吸入麻醉药物通过呼吸回路投放。本实施例中，所述 至少两种药物至少包括吸入药物和静脉输注药物。用于提示麻醉深度的装置进行麻醉深度指示的过程如图3和图5所示，包括如下步骤：
步骤1、处理器60获取麻醉过程中各个麻醉药物的投放量。
至少，处理器60获取麻醉过程中通过呼吸气道对目标对象施加的第三药物的第三投放量。对于吸入药物，其投放量可以是效应室浓度，效应室通常是肺部，即本实施例中第三投放量可以是肺泡内第三药物的浓度，该浓度可以通过传感器监测病人的呼气末第三药物的浓度得到，例如将病人的呼气末第三药物的浓度作为肺泡内第三药物的浓度。第三药物的第三投放量也可以是新鲜气体流量、蒸发器输出浓度等，可在后续步骤21中通过药物代谢模型推算出效应室浓度。
处理器60获取麻醉过程中通过静脉输注对目标对象施加的第四药物的第四投放量。第四药物可以是一种，也可以是两种或者两种以上。其中，第四投放量可以是丸剂剂量、输注流速、剂量速度、效应室浓度或血浆浓度等，效应室浓度和血浆浓度通常难以直接获取，需要推算(见后续步骤21)，故此处的第四投放量通常是丸剂剂量、输注流速、剂量速度等，处理器60可以从输注泵中获取第四投放量。
步骤2、处理器60基于各个麻醉药物的投放量，确定各个麻醉药物共同作用在目标对象上的目标对象的当前麻醉药效。至少，处理器60基于第三投放量和第四投放量，确定第三药物和第四药物共同作用在目标对象上的目标对象的当前麻醉药效。其具体过程可如图4所示，包括如下步骤：
步骤21、处理器60基于各个麻醉药物的投放量，确定各个麻醉药物的效应室浓度。至少，处理器60基于第三投放量确定第三药物的第三效应室浓度，基于第四投放量确定第四药物的第四效应室浓度。
不同药物有不同的代谢动力学特性，适用不同的代谢动力学模型。对于静脉药物来说，常用的模型为房室模型，常用的有二室模型、三室模型。以三室模型为例，模型如图6所示，包括中央室、第二室、第三室和效应室。其中中央室代表血液或血浆，第二室代表血液高灌注组织，第三室代表血液低灌注组织，效应室代表药物起效的作用部分，如脑组织。各参数k ij表示分布速率常数，如k 12表示从中央室向第二室的分布速率常数，k 21表示从第二室向中央室的分布速率常数，k 10表示从中央室排出的速率常数，k e0表示从效应室排出的速率常数。通过计算药物在各室间的分布过程，可以计算出不同时刻时血浆或\和效应室中的药物浓度。对于不同静脉药物来说，药物代谢模型也会不同，根据已有文献，可以计算出不同药物在病人体内血浆或\和效应室内的药物浓度变化趋势。因此，第四投放量若不是效应室浓度，将第四投放量代入到第四药物预设的药物代谢动力学模型中，即可得到第四效应室浓度。第四投放量若是第四效应室浓度，则本步骤可省去，直接进入步骤22即可。
对于吸入药物来说，也可以用类似的分室模型来描述其代谢动力学特征，考虑其分 布特点通常采用五室模型，如图7所示。其中第1室为肺，第2室为富含血管的组织群，第3室为肌肉组织，第5室为脂肪组织，第4室为其他组织。药物只通过第1室进入人体，各室之间没有药物交换，只与第1室肺进行药物交换，药物通过第1室和第2室(肝的作用)排出人体。其中k ij表示第i室与第j室之间的药物分布速率常数，k i0表示药物排出的速率常数。通过计算药物在各室间的分布过程，可以计算出不同时刻肺泡内的药物浓度。这一浓度通常用来判断病人当前的麻醉深度。因此，第三投放量若不是效应室浓度，将第三投放量代入到第三药物预设的药物代谢动力学模型中，即可得到第三效应室浓度。第三投放量若是第三效应室浓度，则本步骤可省去，直接进入步骤22即可。
步骤22、处理器60基于各个麻醉药物的效应室浓度得到目标对象的当前麻醉药效。至少，处理器60基于第三效应室浓度和第四效应室浓度得到目标对象的当前麻醉药效。
具体的，处理器60基于各个麻醉药物的效应室浓度和各个麻醉药物对应的预设综合药效模型，得到目标对象的当前麻醉药效。至少，处理器60将第三效应室浓度和第四效应室浓度输入到与第三药物和第四药物对应的预设综合药效模型中，得到目标对象的当前麻醉药效。可预先统计出各种麻醉药物可能的组合，针对每种组合在用于提示麻醉深度的装置中设置其对应的综合药效模型。当前病人施加了哪些麻醉药物是已知的，处理器60根据病人施加的这些药物即可调取对应的综合药效模型，进而根据这些药物的效应室浓度得到病人的当前麻醉药效。其中预设综合药效模型包括各个效应室浓度与对刺激无反应的概率之间的函数关系(药效曲线)。
对于单一药物，其药效模型是用来估计药物产生效用的模型。单一药物的效果E可以认为是对刺激无反应的概率，是药物浓度的函数，公式为：
E＝E 0+(E max-E 0)·C γ/(C 50 γ+C γ)，公式1；
其中，E为药物产生的效果，即对刺激无反应的概率；E 0为没有施加药物时的效果；E max为药物可以达到的最大效果；C 50为达到50％的概率对刺激无反应效果时的药物浓度；γ是已知量，反映了函数上升的陡峭程度；C为当前药物浓度。其效果E随药物浓度C的变化曲线(药效曲线)如图8所示。
当同时存在第三药物A和第四药物B时，可以按不同混合比例θ将其视为一系列的新药，当θ＝0时，该药物全部是第四药物B，当θ＝1时，该药物全部是第三药物A。用U＝C/C 50将浓度归一化，可以得到两种药物综合作用的综合药效模型公式：
Figure PCTCN2021120024-appb-000001
其中，E 0是无药物时候的效果，而E max(θ)、U 50(θ)、r(θ)都是随着θ的变化而变化的；E max(θ)为当前药物A和当前药物B的比例为θ时A和B共同作用可以达到的最大效果，可以根据经验或实验得到，对麻醉来说，可以认为是1；U A为当前药物A的归一化浓度，即U A＝C A/C 50，式中C A为当前药物A的浓度，C 50为达到50％的概率对刺激无反应效果时的药物A的浓度；U B为当前药物B的归一化浓度，即U B＝C B/C 50，式中C B为当前药物B的浓度，C 50为达到50％的概率对刺激无反应效果时的药物B的浓度；U 50(θ)和r(θ)可以根据理论知识推导或实验得到，为已知量。可见，通过上述方式可得到多种药物的综合药效模型，上述方式只是举例，还可以用其他方式得到，在此不赘述。
在麻醉过程中，通常会同时使用镇静药物和镇痛药物，这两种药物对麻醉药效的效果是互相促进作用的。镇痛药物的输注会让镇静药物达到同样麻醉效果的药物浓度减少。以镇静药物七氟烷和镇痛药物瑞芬太尼的综合药效模型为例，两种药物混合的药效曲面如图9所示。
处理器60将效应室浓度C A和效应室浓度C B归一化后得到U A和U B，将两者代入综合药效模型(公式2)得到当前综合的效果E，即当前对刺激无反应的概率，由此也能得到当前对刺激反应的概率。从图9也可知，知道了两个药物的浓度即可得到综合的效果E。
若当前麻醉药效是当前等效MAC值、第三药物的等效计量信息、第四药物的等效计量信息、或参考药物的等效计量信息，则需要将当前综合的效果E转换成当前麻醉药效。
例如，最低肺泡有效浓度MAC，是在一个大气压力下，50％的人或动物对伤害性刺激(如切皮)丧失逃避性运动反应时，肺泡内吸入麻醉药物的浓度。而MAC值则是最低肺泡有效浓度MAC的倍数。MAC值可以看成是反映病人对切皮刺激反映的药效，医生已有非常熟悉的MAC值对应麻醉深度的经验。MAC值为1时，对应的药效水平是50％概率对切皮刺激无反应；MAC值为0.3时，病人即将苏醒；MAC值为1.3时，对应的药效水平约是90％概率对切皮刺激无反应。MAC值广为医生熟知，因此用MAC值反映病人的麻醉深度既简单又方便，不会增加医生的学习成本。用于提示麻醉深度的装置还可以包括存储器，可以预先将不同MAC值对应的药效曲线计算出来并存储在存储器中。处理器60将当前两种药物互相作用后的综合效果E分别与单独投放吸入药物时不同MAC值对应的药效曲线作比较，找出相同效果所对应的MAC值，该MAC值即为当前等效MAC值。
又例如，第三药物、第四药物和参考药物的药效模型(药效曲线)均是已知的，因此处理器60将综合药效模型得到当前对刺激无反应的概率代入单独使用第三药物、第四药物或参考药物的药效模型，即可反向推导出：第三药物、第四药物和参考药物的等效计量信息，从而以此来表征当前麻醉药效。
步骤3、处理器60通过显示器显示当前麻醉药效；例如在主界面(如图10所示) 上实时的显示当前麻醉药效。如图11所示，显示器显示当前麻醉药效时，处理器60还可以通过显示器以文字或图形化的方式显示当前麻醉药效下适合目标对象的操作，操作包括插管、切皮、维持或唤醒。本实施例中，用文字显示插管、切皮、维持和唤醒这四种操作，同时以图形(色块)和文字(数值)的方式显示有这四种操作对应的麻醉药效。当前麻醉药效以图形(色块)和文字(数值)的方式显示，用户根据当前麻醉药效的图形或文字即可找到合适目标对象的操作，非常直观。
处理器60既然能根据各个药物的投放量计算得到当前麻醉药效，也能进一步预估后续的麻醉药效。例如，处理器60基于第三药物预设的药物代谢动力学模型，预估未来预设时间段内第三药物的第三效应室浓度；基于第四药物预设的药物代谢动力学模型，预估未来预设时间段内第四药物的第四效应室浓度；基于未来预设时间段内第三药物的第三效应室浓度和未来预设时间段内第四药物的第四效应室浓度得到目标对象未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势；进而通过显示器显示未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势。变化趋势可以用图表的方式显示出来，例如用变化曲线来呈现麻醉药效在未来预设时间段内随时间变化而变化的情况。预设时间段可根据用户需求或经验等进行设置，例如其时长可以长过当前停药后病人的苏醒时间，有利于后续计算该苏醒时间。通过显示未来预设时间段内病人的麻醉药效的变化曲线，可以很好的让麻醉医生了解病人后续的麻醉深度变化情况，为麻醉医生后续的给药提供参考。
处理器60还可以根据当前麻醉药效预估目标对象的麻药代谢时间，并在显示当前麻醉药效时，显示麻药代谢时间。其中，麻药代谢时间可以包括当前停药后的苏醒时间。由此麻醉医生不仅能了解病人目前的麻醉深度，还能得到现在停药后病人过多久能醒的提示，便于麻醉医生为后续工作做准备。
处理器60根据当前麻醉药效预估目标对象的麻药代谢时间，可以采用如下方法：
处理器60可以获取用户输入的苏醒麻醉药效，也可以获取预设的苏醒麻醉药效。病人的麻醉药效降到苏醒麻醉药效，就标志着病人即将苏醒。苏醒麻醉药效可由用户输入，也可以系统预设。进而处理器60预估目标对象从当前麻醉药效代谢至苏醒麻醉药效的代谢时间，代谢时间为目标对象当前停药后的苏醒时间。例如处理器60通过上述方法已经得到了目标对象未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势，从该变化趋势中得到苏醒麻醉药效对应的时刻，根据该时刻即可得到苏醒时间。苏醒时间可以是未来病人苏醒的时刻，也可以是当前时刻到未来病人苏醒所需的时长，能指示病人何时苏醒即可。
上述未来的麻醉药效变化趋势和苏醒时间是基于实际的药物投放量预估的，本发明提供的用于提示麻醉深度的装置还能对投放量进行模拟输入。具体的，处理器60还用于通过显示器提供药物未来的投放量的设置项，用户可操作输入装置设置各个药物未来的投放量。处理器60通过输入装置接收用户设置的未来预设时间段内所述至少两种药物各自的投放量，例如接收用户设置的未来预设时间段内第三药物的第三投放量和第四药物 的第四投放量；基于未来预设时间段内所述至少两种药物各自的投放量，得到未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势；例如基于未来预设时间段内第三投放量和第四投放量得到未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势。例如，将未来预设时间段内的第三投放量代入第三药物预设的药物代谢动力学模型，预估未来预设时间段内第三药物的第三效应室浓度；将未来预设时间段内的第四投放量代入第四药物预设的药物代谢动力学模型，预估未来预设时间段内第四药物的第四效应室浓度；基于未来预设时间段内的第三效应室浓度和未来预设时间段内的第四效应室浓度得到目标对象未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势。进而处理器60通过显示器显示未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势，同样的，变化趋势可以是反映麻醉药效与时间的变化关系的变化曲线图。通过上述方法，麻醉医生可在麻醉前输入各种药物的投放量，进而由装置模拟出麻醉药效的变化趋势，为麻醉医生最终确定病人的投放量提供了参考，提高了医生的工作效率和病人实施麻醉的安全性。
处理器60还用于通过输入装置获取用户输入的目标麻醉药效，当然目标麻醉药效也可以系统预设的，即处理器60也可以获取预设的目标麻醉药效。处理器60通过显示器显示未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势时，还可以通过显示器显示目标麻醉药效；从而能够提示病人要达到目标麻醉药效还需要花多长时间。当然，处理器60也可以根据目标麻醉药效和未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势，得到麻醉药效达到目标麻醉药效所需的时长，通过显示器显示未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势时，还显示该时长；从而直接进行提示。未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势可以是基于实际的药物投放量得到的，也可以是基于用户设置的未来预设时间段内第三药物的第三投放量和第四药物的第四投放量得到的，两种方式在上述内容中已叙述。
处理器60还可以用于通过输入装置接收用户对所述至少两种药物的至少一种药物的投放量的修改；例如接收用户对第三药物的投放量的修改，和/或，接收用户对第四药物的投放量的修改；进而根据用户对至少一种药物的投放量的修改，更新所述未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势并通过显示器显示。如此，医生改变药物的投放量后，麻醉药效的变化趋势也能随时更新，麻醉药效的提示非常方便、准确。若改变的是未来一段时间的药物投放量，同样能更新麻醉药效的变化趋势，医生能更方便的进行投放量的模拟。
本发明不仅可以对未来的麻醉药效进行预估，还能查看过往的麻醉药效。处理器60对当前麻醉药效和当前的时刻关联并进行保存，一段时间后即保存了前一段时间的麻醉药效。医生通过输入装置发出对应的指令即可。处理器60通过输入装置接收用于查阅麻醉药效变化情况的指令；响应于该指令，根据麻醉过程中不同时刻(当前时刻之前的一段时间)的麻醉药效生成麻醉药效的变化趋势并通过显示器显示。本实施例中，显示变化趋势以显示变化曲线图为例进行说明。医生通过查看病人历史的变化曲线图，可以用 于教学，也便于手术情况的溯源。
处理器60在提供麻醉药效的历史数据时，还可以提供对应的药物投放量供医生参考。例如处理器60根据麻醉过程中不同时刻(当前时刻之前的一段时间)的药物投放量，生成药物投放量的变化趋势(例如变化曲线)并显示在麻醉药效的变化趋势(例如变化曲线图)上，药物投放量的变化趋势与麻醉药效的变化趋势共用时间坐标轴。如此，医生在麻醉药效的变化曲线图上不仅能看出药物投放量和麻醉药效的变化趋势，还能看出两者的对应关系，具有参考意义。又例如，处理器60可以通过输入装置接收用于在麻醉药效的变化趋势上选定一时间点的指令，响应于该指令，显示选定的时间点所对应的药物投放量。如此也能反映出某一时刻药物投放量与麻醉药效之间的对应关系。
用于提示麻醉深度的装置可以是麻醉机、呼吸机、监护仪、中央站等医疗设备，还可以是其他具备数据处理能力的设备；本实施例以麻醉机为例进行说明。
如图2所示，本发明提供的麻醉机包括气源接口10、麻药输送装置20、呼吸回路30、麻醉呼吸装置40、监测系统50、处理器60和人机交互装置70。气源接口10通过麻药输送装置20连接呼吸回路30，即三者依次气路连接。
气源接口10用于连接气源。气源用于提供麻醉机所需的气体，如氧气、空气和笑气(一氧化二氮)等，气源可以是外部的，如各类气瓶、医院的管道等；也可以是内部的，如涡轮。
麻药输送装置20用于将气源提供的气体与第三药物(吸入麻药)混合，将混合后的气体输送到呼吸回路30中。麻药输送装置20可以采用蒸发器。气源接口10和麻药输送装置20之间还可以串接一气体混合气路，其可以由连接导管和各类阀门组成，将氧气、空气和笑气(一氧化二氮)等气源接口汇流后输出给麻药输送装置20。部分阀门可以关闭对应的氧气、空气、笑气等气路，另一部分阀门可以调节对应的氧气、空气、笑气等的流量。从而通过各个阀门的控制，可以设置多种气体的流量、混合比等。
呼吸回路30为连接麻药输送装置20与目标对象(通常是病人)的气路，可以循环利用病人呼出的气体，以节约麻药，减少环境污染。其可以包括各种连接导管和附件，附件可以是鼻塞、鼻罩、面罩、端部设置有气囊的气管导管等。呼吸回路30中可以设置气体净化装置，气体净化装置用于去除至少部分由病人呼出到呼吸回路中的二氧化碳。如气体净化装置中可设置CO 2吸收剂(钠石灰)。通过CO 2吸收剂与CO 2反应，达到去除CO 2的目的，同时反应生成水和热量，这样有利于保持病人吸入气体的温度和湿度。
麻醉呼吸装置40用于控制呼吸回路30使所述混合后的气体周期性的输送给病人，从而为病人提供麻醉呼吸支持。例如，麻醉呼吸装置40可以包括多个阀门以及用于驱动多个阀门的板卡，多个阀门设置在呼吸回路30中。板卡通过对多个阀门的控制，使所述混合后的气体周期性的输送给病人，从而为病人提供麻醉呼吸支持。
监测系统50用于监测通气相关参数。通气相关参数可以包括各类气体的流量，例 如监测系统50包括多个流量传感器，多个流量传感器分别用来监测各类气体(氧气、空气、笑气、第三药物等)的流量。通气相关参数还可以包括多个压力传感器，用来监测各个气路上的压力，包括病人呼出的二氧化碳的压力等，还用来监测病人体内的压力，比如气道压、食道压等。
处理器60用于对麻药输送装置20、麻醉呼吸装置40、监测系统50和人机交互装置70等进行控制，从而实现麻醉机的功能。
在麻醉机工作过程中，气源提供气体，经过气体混合气路进行气体成分混合，之后经过蒸发器进行第三药物的添加和浓度调节，形成新鲜气体；新鲜气体进入呼吸回路30，通过手动球囊或麻醉呼吸装置40进行通气控制，将新鲜气体输送给病人，病人呼出的废气通过气体净化装置，或者净化后排出；上述过程中麻醉呼吸装置40通过监测系统50进行机器状态和病人参数的监测，保证病人安全，并进行异常报警。
处理器60通过显示器显示一主界面，如图10所示，主界面包括用于显示至少部分通气相关参数的数值的数值显示区B，以及用于显示至少部分通气相关参数的波形的波形显示区C。
处理器60基于第三投放量得到第三药物单独作用在目标对象上的当前MAC值；例如，将第三投放量输入到第三药物预设的药物代谢动力学模型中，得到第三药物的第三效应室浓度；将第三效应室浓度输入到第三药物预设的药效模型，得到第三效应室浓度与对刺激无反应的概率之间的函数关系；进而根据该函数关系得到第三药物单独作用在目标对象上的当前MAC值，图10中该MAC值为1.1。本实施例中，当前麻醉药效包括第三药物和第四药物共同作用在目标对象上的当前等效MAC值。
处理器60通过控制显示器，在主界面上同屏显示当前MAC值和当前等效MAC值，图10中当前MAC值为1.1，当前等效MAC值为1.2。具体的，主界面上还包括用于显示施加第三药物相关参数的吸入麻醉指示区D，施加第三药物相关参数例如包括氧气浓度、一氧化二氮浓度、氧气流量、空气流量等。处理器60控制显示器在吸入麻醉指示区D内显示当前MAC值；以及在区别于吸入麻醉指示区D的区域内(图10中的A区域)，显示当前等效MAC值。当然，其他实施例中，当前MAC值和当前等效MAC值也可以相邻显示，便于医生了解静脉注入麻药后麻醉药效的增加情况。
MAC值可以看成是反映病人对切皮刺激反映的药效，医生已有非常熟悉的MAC值对应麻醉深度的经验，不会给医生产生学习成本。本发明最终得到的等效MAC值，其呈现方式可以是数值、图形化显示、不同色块区分等。
可见，本发明提供的麻醉机，能够在病人既有吸入麻药，又有静脉注射麻药的情况下，在不增加医生学习成本的前提下，提供给医生当前至少两种麻药的综合效果指示，便于医生掌握当前病人的麻醉情况。本文提到的麻药为各种用于麻醉的药物。
实施例二：
本实施例中，麻醉深度指示方法的步骤同样如图3所示，由于药物有所变化，将第三药物对应替换为第一药物，将第四药物对应替换为第二药物，将第三药物的第三投放量对应替换为第一药物的第一投放量，将第四药物的第四投放量对应替换为第二药物的第二投放量即可，包括如下步骤：
步骤1’、处理器60获取麻醉过程中各个麻醉药物的投放量。本实施例步骤1’与实施例一步骤1的差异在于：本实施例中施加给病人的第一药物和第二药物都是静脉输注药物，即都通过静脉给药；其他相同。因此，本实施例中，步骤1’具体是：处理器60获取麻醉过程中通过静脉输注对目标对象施加的第一药物的第一投放量和第二药物的第二投放量；第一投放量和第二投放量具体可以从输注泵中获取，也可以是用户手动输入，或者可以通过麻醉机从医院的其他信息系统中获得。
本申请的第一药物、第二药物和第四药物均涉及通过静脉输注作用于目标对象的麻醉药物，实施例一和实施例二中，第四药物可以与第一药物或第二药物为同一静脉输注药物，也可以是不同于第一药物和第二药物的另一静脉输注药物。
步骤2’、处理器60基于第一投放量和第二投放量，确定第一药物和第二药物共同作用在目标对象上的目标对象的当前麻醉药效。同样的，其具体过程可采用图4所示的方法，将第三药物的第三投放量对应替换为第一药物的第一投放量，将第四药物的第四投放量对应替换为第二药物的第二投放量即可，换而言之，本步骤与实施例一步骤2的区别在于：本实施例使用的预设的药物代谢动力学模型均为房室模型。其他内容同实施例一的步骤2，在此不做赘述。
步骤3’、处理器60通过显示器显示当前麻醉药效。其具体过程同实施例一的步骤3，在此不做赘述。
实施例一和实施例二中，所述至少两种药物的至少之一是通过静脉输注施加于目标对象的，当然，所述至少两种药物也可以都是吸入药物，下面通过实施例三进行说明。
实施例三：
本实施例中，麻醉深度指示方法的步骤同样如图3所示，由于药物有所变化，将第三药物对应替换为第一吸入药物，将第四药物对应替换为第二吸入药物，将第三药物的第三投放量对应替换为第一吸入药物的投放量，将第四药物的第四投放量对应替换为第二吸入药物的投放量即可，包括如下步骤：
步骤1”、处理器60获取麻醉过程中各个麻醉药物的投放量。本实施例与实施例一的差异在于：本实施例中使用的药物都是吸入药物，即都通过呼吸气道给药，其他均相同。因此，本实施例中，步骤1”具体是：处理器60获取麻醉过程中对目标对象施加的至少两种吸入药物各自的投放量，例如获取麻醉过程中通过呼吸气道对目标对象施加的第一吸入药物的投放量和第二吸入药物的投放量。
步骤2”、处理器60基于所述至少两种吸入药物各自的投放量得到所述至少两种吸 入药物共同作用在目标对象上的目标对象的当前麻醉药效，例如处理器60基于第一吸入药物的投放量和第二吸入药物的投放量，确定至少两种吸入药物共同作用在目标对象上的目标对象的当前麻醉药效。同样的，其具体过程可采用图4所示的方法，将第三药物的第三投放量对应替换为第一吸入药物的投放量，将第四药物的第四投放量对应替换为第二吸入药物的投放量即可，换而言之，本步骤与实施例一步骤2的区别在于：本实施例使用的预设的药物代谢动力学模型均为五室模型。其他内容同实施例一的步骤2，在此不做赘述。
步骤3”、处理器60通过显示器显示当前麻醉药效。当前麻醉药效包括：所述至少两种吸入药物中的第一吸入药物的等效计量信息，所述至少两种吸入药物中的第二吸入药物的等效计量信息，或所述第一吸入药物和第二吸入药物以外任一其他可施加至目标对象以产生麻醉药效的药物的等效计量信息。其具体过程同实施例一的步骤3，在此不做赘述。
本领域技术人员可以理解，上述实施方式中各种方法的全部或部分功能可以通过硬件的方式实现，也可以通过计算机程序的方式实现。当上述实施方式中全部或部分功能通过计算机程序的方式实现时，该程序可以存储于一计算机可读存储介质中，存储介质可以包括：只读存储器、随机存储器、磁盘、光盘、硬盘等，通过计算机执行该程序以实现上述功能。例如，将程序存储在设备的存储器中，当通过处理器执行存储器中程序，即可实现上述全部或部分功能。另外，当上述实施方式中全部或部分功能通过计算机程序的方式实现时，该程序也可以存储在服务器、另一计算机、磁盘、光盘、闪存盘或移动硬盘等存储介质中，通过下载或复制保存到本地设备的存储器中，或对本地设备的系统进行版本更新，当通过处理器执行存储器中的程序时，即可实现上述实施方式中全部或部分功能。
本文参照了各种示范实施例进行说明。然而，本领域的技术人员将认识到，在不脱离本文范围的情况下，可以对示范性实施例做出改变和修正。例如，各种操作步骤以及用于执行操作步骤的组件，可以根据特定的应用或考虑与系统的操作相关联的任何数量的成本函数以不同的方式实现(例如一个或多个步骤可以被删除、修改或结合到其他步骤中)。
另外，如本领域技术人员所理解的，本文的原理可以反映在计算机可读存储介质上的计算机程序产品中，该可读存储介质预装有计算机可读程序代码。任何有形的、非暂时性的计算机可读存储介质皆可被使用，包括磁存储设备(硬盘、软盘等)、光学存储设备(CD-ROM、DVD、Blu Ray盘等)、闪存和/或诸如此类。这些计算机程序指令可被加载到通用计算机、专用计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上以形成机器，使得这些在计算机上或其他可编程数据处理装置上执行的指令可以生成实现指定的功能的装置。这些计算机程序指令也可以存储在计算机可读存储器中，该计算机可读存储器可以指示计算 机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定的方式运行，这样存储在计算机可读存储器中的指令就可以形成一件制造品，包括实现指定功能的实现装置。计算机程序指令也可以加载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生一个计算机实现的进程，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令可以提供用于实现指定功能的步骤。
虽然在各种实施例中已经示出了本文的原理，但是许多特别适用于特定环境和操作要求的结构、布置、比例、元件、材料和部件的修改可以在不脱离本披露的原则和范围内使用。以上修改和其他改变或修正将被包含在本文的范围之内。
前述具体说明已参照各种实施例进行了描述。然而，本领域技术人员将认识到，可以在不脱离本披露的范围的情况下进行各种修正和改变。因此，对于本披露的考虑将是说明性的而非限制性的意义上的，并且所有这些修改都将被包含在其范围内。同样，有关于各种实施例的优点、其他优点和问题的解决方案已如上所述。然而，益处、优点、问题的解决方案以及任何能产生这些的要素，或使其变得更明确的解决方案都不应被解释为关键的、必需的或必要的。本文中所用的术语“包括”和其任何其他变体，皆属于非排他性包含，这样包括要素列表的过程、方法、文章或设备不仅包括这些要素，还包括未明确列出的或不属于该过程、方法、系统、文章或设备的其他要素。此外，本文中所使用的术语“耦合”和其任何其他变体都是指物理连接、电连接、磁连接、光连接、通信连接、功能连接和/或任何其他连接。
具有本领域技术的人将认识到，在不脱离本发明的基本原理的情况下，可以对上述实施例的细节进行许多改变。因此，本发明的范围应根据以下权利要求确定。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种麻醉深度指示方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取麻醉过程中通过静脉输注对目标对象施加的第一药物的第一投放量和第二药物的第二投放量；
    基于所述第一投放量和所述第二投放量，确定所述第一药物和第二药物共同作用在所述目标对象上的所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效；所述当前麻醉药效包括以下至少之一：当前等效MAC值，所述第一药物的等效计量信息，所述第二药物的等效计量信息，所述第一药物与第二药物以外其他任一可施加至目标对象以产生麻醉药效的药物的等效计量信息，对刺激有反应的概率，以及对刺激无反应的概率；以及
    显示所述当前麻醉药效。
  2. 一种麻醉深度指示方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取麻醉过程中通过呼吸气道对目标对象施加的第三药物的第三投放量；
    获取麻醉过程中通过静脉输注对目标对象施加的至少一种第四药物的第四投放量；
    基于所述第三投放量和所述第四投放量，确定所述第三药物和至少一种第四药物共同作用在所述目标对象上的所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效；所述当前麻醉药效包括以下至少之一：当前等效MAC值，所述第三药物的等效计量信息，所述第四药物的等效计量信息，所述第三药物与第四药物以外其他任一可施加至目标对象以产生麻醉药效的药物的等效计量信息，对刺激有反应的概率，以及对刺激无反应的概率；以及
    显示所述当前麻醉药效。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：以文字或图形化的方式显示所述当前麻醉药效下适合所述目标对象的操作，所述操作包括插管、切皮、维持或唤醒。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：根据所述当前麻醉药效预估所述目标对象的麻药代谢时间，并在显示所述当前麻醉药效时，显示所述麻药代谢时间。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述麻药代谢时间包括当前停药后的苏醒时间；所述根据所述当前麻醉药效预估所述目标对象的麻药代谢时间，包括：
    获取用户输入的苏醒麻醉药效、或获取预设的苏醒麻醉药效；
    预估所述目标对象从基于当前麻醉药效代谢至苏醒麻醉药效的代谢时间，所述代谢时间为所述目标对象当前停药后的苏醒时间。
  6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    获取用户输入的麻醉药效安全范围、或获取预设的麻醉药效安全范围；
    判断所述当前麻醉药效是否处于所述麻醉药效安全范围，若没有处于所述麻醉药效 安全范围，则输出报警提示信息。
  7. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收用于查阅麻醉药效变化情况的指令；
    响应于所述指令，根据麻醉过程中不同时刻的麻醉药效生成麻醉药效的变化曲线图并显示。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    根据麻醉过程中不同时刻的药物投放量，生成药物投放量的变化曲线并显示在所述麻醉药效的变化曲线图上，所述药物投放量的变化曲线与所述麻醉药效的变化曲线共用时间坐标轴；或者，
    接收用于在所述麻醉药效的变化曲线图上选定一时间点的指令，响应于所述指令，显示选定的时间点所对应的药物投放量。
  9. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述第一/第三投放量和所述第二/第四投放量，确定所述第一/第三药物和第二/第四药物共同作用在所述目标对象上的所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效，包括：
    所述第一/第三投放量为第一/第三效应室浓度，基于所述第二/第四投放量确定所述第二/第四药物的第二/第四效应室浓度，以及基于所述第一/第三效应室浓度和第二/第四效应室浓度得到所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效；或者，
    基于所述第一/第三投放量确定所述第一/第三药物的第一/第三效应室浓度，基于所述第二/第四投放量确定所述第二/第四药物的第二/第四效应室浓度，以及基于所述第一/第三效应室浓度和第二/第四效应室浓度得到所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    基于所述第一/第三药物预设的药物代谢动力学模型，预估未来预设时间段内所述第一/第三药物的第一/第三效应室浓度；
    基于所述第二/第四药物预设的药物代谢动力学模型，预估未来预设时间段内所述第二/第四药物的第二/第四效应室浓度；
    基于所述未来预设时间段内所述第一/第三药物的第一/第三效应室浓度和未来预设时间段内所述第二/第四药物的第二/第四效应室浓度得到所述目标对象未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势；
    显示未来预设时间段内所述麻醉药效的变化趋势。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述第一/第三效应室浓度和第二/第四效应室浓度得到所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效，包括：
    将所述第一/第三效应室浓度和所述第二/第四效应室浓度输入到与所述第一/第三药物和第二药物对应的预设综合药效模型中，得到所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效；所述预设综合药效模型包括效应室浓度与对刺激无反应的概率之间的函数关系。
  12. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收用户设置的未来预设时间段内第一/第三药物的第一/第三投放量和第二/第四药物的第二投放量；
    基于未来预设时间段内所述第一/第三投放量和所述第二/第四投放量得到未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势；
    显示未来预设时间段内所述麻醉药效的变化趋势。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    获取用户输入的目标麻醉药效、或获取预设的目标麻醉药效；
    显示所述未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势时，还显示所述目标麻醉药效；和/或，根据所述目标麻醉药效和所述未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势，得到麻醉药效达到目标麻醉药效所需的时长，显示所述未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势时，还显示所述时长。
  14. 一种用于提示麻醉深度的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    处理器，用于获取麻醉过程中对目标对象分别施加的至少两种药物各自的投放量，并基于所述至少两种药物各自的投放量，得到所述至少两种药物共同作用于所述目标对象时，所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效；所述至少两种药物的至少之一通过静脉输注施加于所述目标对象；以及
    人机交互装置，用于显示所述当前麻醉药效；
    所述当前麻醉药效包括以下至少之一：当前等效MAC值，所述至少两种药物中的任一药物的等效计量信息，所述至少两种药物以外其他任一可施加至所述目标对象以产生麻醉药效的药物的等效计量信息，对刺激有反应的概率，以及对刺激无反应的概率。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器在所述人机交互装置上显示所述当前麻醉药效时，还用于：
    以文字或图形化的方式显示所述当前麻醉药效下适合所述目标对象的操作，所述操作包括插管、切皮、维持或唤醒。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：根据所述当前麻醉药效预估所述目标对象的麻药代谢时间，并在显示所述当前麻醉药效时，显示所述麻药代谢时间。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的装置,其特征在于，所述麻药代谢时间包括当前停药后的苏醒时间；所述处理器根据所述当前麻醉药效预估所述目标对象的麻药代谢时间包括：
    获取用户输入的苏醒麻醉药效、或获取预设的苏醒麻醉药效；
    预估所述目标对象从所述当前麻醉药效代谢至苏醒麻醉药效的代谢时间，所述代谢时间为所述目标对象当前停药后的苏醒时间。
  18. 如权利要求14至17任一项所述的装置,其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：
    获取用户输入的麻醉药效安全范围、或获取预设的麻醉药效安全范围；
    判断所述当前麻醉药效是否处于所述麻醉药效安全范围，若没有处于所述麻醉药效安全范围，则输出报警提示信息。
  19. 如权利要求14至17任一项所述的装置,其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：
    接收用于查阅麻醉药效变化情况的指令；
    响应于所述指令，根据麻醉过程中不同时刻的麻醉药效生成麻醉药效的变化趋势并通过所述人机交互装置显示。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的装置,其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：
    根据麻醉过程中不同时刻的药物投放量，生成药物投放量的变化趋势并显示在所述麻醉药效的变化趋势上，所述药物投放量的变化趋势与所述麻醉药效的变化趋势共用时间坐标轴；或者，
    接收用于在所述麻醉药效的变化趋势上选定一时间点的指令，响应于所述指令，显示选定的时间点所对应的药物投放量。
  21. 如权利要求14所述的装置,其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：
    接收用户设置的未来预设时间段内所述至少两种药物各自的投放量；
    基于未来预设时间段内所述至少两种药物各自的投放量，得到未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势；
    通过所述人机交互装置显示所述未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：
    获取用户输入的目标麻醉药效、或获取预设的目标麻醉药效；
    通过所述人机交互装置显示所述未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势时，还显示所述目标麻醉药效；和/或，根据所述目标麻醉药效和所述未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势，得到当前麻醉药效达到目标麻醉药效所需的时长，通过所述人机交互装置显示所述未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势时，还显示所述时长。
  23. 如权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于：
    接收用户对所述至少两种药物的至少一种药物的投放量的修改；
    根据用户对至少一种药物的投放量的修改，更新所述未来预设时间段内麻醉药效的变化趋势。
  24. 如权利要求14至23任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述等效计量信息包括等效浓度值或等效剂量值。
  25. 一种麻醉机，其特征在于，包括：
    麻药输送装置，用于将混合有至少两种吸入药物的气体输送给目标对象；
    麻醉呼吸装置，用于为所述目标对象提供呼吸支持；
    处理器，用于获取麻醉过程中对所述目标对象施加的所述至少两种吸入药物各自的 投放量，并基于所述各自的投放量得到所述至少两种吸入药物共同作用在所述目标对象上的所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效；
    其中，所述当前麻醉药效包括：所述至少两种吸入药物中的第一吸入药物的等效计量信息，所述至少两种吸入药物中的第二吸入药物的等效计量信息，或所述第一吸入药物和第二吸入药物以外任一其他可施加至目标对象以产生麻醉药效的药物的等效计量信息。
  26. 一种麻醉机，其特征在于，包括：
    麻药输送装置，用于将混合有药物的气体输送给麻醉呼吸装置；
    呼吸回路，用于连接麻醉呼吸装置和目标对象；
    麻醉呼吸装置用于通过所述呼吸回路为目标对象提供麻醉呼吸支持；
    监测系统，用于监测通气相关参数；
    人机交互装置，用于显示可视化信息；所述可视化信息包括主界面，所述主界面包括用于显示至少部分通气相关参数的数值的数值显示区，以及用于显示至少部分通气相关参数的波形的波形显示区；
    处理器，用于获取麻醉过程中通过呼吸回路对目标对象施加的第三药物的第三投放量；获取麻醉过程中通过静脉输注对所述目标对象施加的至少一种第四药物的第四投放量；基于所述第三投放量得到所述第三药物单独作用在所述目标对象上的当前MAC值；基于所述第三投放量和第四投放量得到所述目标对象的当前麻醉药效，所述当前麻醉药效包括所述第三药物和第四药物共同作用在所述目标对象上的当前等效MAC值，且所述当前麻醉药效用于指示所述目标对象的麻醉深度；
    其中，所述处理器用于控制在所述主界面上同屏显示所述当前MAC值和所述当前等效MAC值。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的麻醉机，其特征在于，所述人机交互装置的主界面上还包括用于显示施加第三药物相关参数的吸入麻醉指示区，所述处理器用于控制在所述吸入麻醉指示区内显示所述当前MAC值，以及在区别于所述吸入麻醉指示区的区域内，显示所述当前等效MAC值。
  28. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述介质上存储有程序，所述程序能够被处理器执行以实现如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法。
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