WO2022113958A1 - 偏光フィルムの製造方法及び偏光フィルム - Google Patents
偏光フィルムの製造方法及び偏光フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022113958A1 WO2022113958A1 PCT/JP2021/042860 JP2021042860W WO2022113958A1 WO 2022113958 A1 WO2022113958 A1 WO 2022113958A1 JP 2021042860 W JP2021042860 W JP 2021042860W WO 2022113958 A1 WO2022113958 A1 WO 2022113958A1
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- polarizing film
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
- B29C55/06—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a polarizing film and a polarizing film.
- a polarizing plate having a function of transmitting and shielding polarized light is a basic component of a liquid crystal display (LCD) together with a liquid crystal that changes the polarization state of light.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- Many polarizing plates have a structure in which a protective film such as a cellulose triacetate (TAC) film is bonded to the surface of a polarizing film.
- TAC cellulose triacetate
- an iodine-based dye (I 3 ) is applied to a matrix (stretched film oriented by uniaxial stretching) formed by uniaxially stretching a polyvinyl alcohol film (hereinafter, “polyvinyl alcohol” may be abbreviated as “PVA”).
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- a PVA film containing a dichroic dye in advance is uniaxially stretched, a bicolor dye is adsorbed at the same time as the uniaxial stretching of the PVA film, or a dichroic after the PVA film is uniaxially stretched.
- adsorbing dyes Manufactured by adsorbing dyes.
- LCDs are used in a wide range of applications such as small devices such as calculators, watches and smartphones, laptop computers, LCD monitors, LCD color projectors, LCD TVs, in-vehicle navigation systems, mobile phones, and measuring devices used indoors and outdoors. There is. In response to the recent increase in the performance of displays, a polarizing film having excellent optical performance is required. On the other hand, displays are becoming thinner, and along with this, a polarizing film having a small shrinkage stress is also required.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of irradiating a predetermined electromagnetic wave in the process of manufacturing a polarizing film as a method of manufacturing a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance. Further, in Patent Document 2, as a method for producing a polarizing film having excellent polarization performance and low shrinkage stress, a PVA film is stretched 1.8 to 3.0 times in a boric acid aqueous solution at 60 to 70 ° C. Moreover, a method of setting the total draw ratio to 6 to 8 times is described.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance and low shrinkage stress.
- shrinkage phenomenon of the film width of the PVA film in the stretching step and the drying step in the polarizing film manufacturing step
- neck-in phenomenon a shrinkage phenomenon of the film width of the PVA film in the stretching step and the drying step in the polarizing film manufacturing step
- neck-in rate the shrinkage rate of the film width
- the present invention [1] includes a dyeing step of dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol film with a bicolor dye, a stretching step of uniaxially stretching the dyed polyvinyl alcohol film in an aqueous solution containing boric acid, and a drying step of drying the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film.
- the boric acid concentration of the aqueous solution in the stretching step is 1% by mass to 3% by mass
- the total stretching ratio is 5.5 to 7.4 times
- the following formula (1) is used.
- the total neck-in ratio (A) represented by is 57.5% to 61.0%
- the neck-in ratio (B) represented by the following formula (2) in the stretching step is 31.0% to 38.
- a method for producing a polarizing film which is 0.0% and has a neck-in ratio (C) represented by the following formula (3) in the drying step of 9.8% to 16.5%.
- Total neck-in rate (A) ⁇ (X1-X2) / X1 ⁇ x 100
- Neck-in rate (B) ⁇ (Y1-Y2) / Y1 ⁇ x 100
- Neck-in rate (C) ⁇ (Z1-X2) / Z1 ⁇ x 100
- [X1 represents the width length (m) of the polyvinyl alcohol film before the dyeing step
- X2 represents the width length (m) of the polyvinyl alcohol film after the drying step
- Y1 represents the stretching.
- the width length (m) of the polyvinyl alcohol film before the step is represented
- Y2 is the width length (m) of the polyvinyl alcohol film after the stretching step
- Z1 is the polyvinyl alcohol film before the drying step. Represents the length (m) of the width of. ];
- the method for manufacturing a polarizing film of the present invention it is possible to manufacture a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance and a small shrinkage stress. Therefore, the obtained polarizing film can be suitably used for a high-performance liquid crystal display, particularly a liquid crystal display that may be used at a high temperature.
- the method for producing a polarizing film of the present invention includes a dyeing step of dyeing a PVA film with a bicolor dye, a stretching step of uniaxially stretching the dyed PVA film in an aqueous solution containing boric acid, and drying the stretched PVA film. It is a method for producing a polarizing film including a drying step, wherein the boric acid concentration of the aqueous solution in the stretching step is 1% by mass to 3% by mass, and the total stretching ratio is 5.5 times to 7.4 times.
- the total neck-in ratio (A) represented by the following formula (1) is 57.5% to 61.0%
- the neck-in ratio (B) represented by the following formula (2) in the stretching step is 31.
- X1 represents the width length of the PVA film before the dyeing step (the width length of the unstretched PVA film used for producing the polarizing film) (m).
- X2 represents the width length (m) of the PVA film after the drying step
- Y1 represents the width length (m) of the PVA film before the stretching step
- Y2 represents the width length (m) of the PVA film after the stretching step.
- the width length (m) of the PVA film is represented
- Z1 represents the width length (m) of the PVA film before the drying step.
- the width length (m) of the PVA film after the cross-linking step and before the stretching step can be set to Y1.
- the width length (m) of the PVA film after the stretching step and before the washing step can be set to Y2.
- the highly oriented PVA causes the iodine-based dye to be highly oriented and residual stress to be generated.
- the residual stress is released by relaxing the orientation of PVA and crystallization, and at the same time, the unnecessary iodine-based dye is decomposed by heat to improve the polarization performance and the necessary iodine-based dye is heated.
- the polarization performance may deteriorate due to decomposition in. Therefore, by appropriately controlling the neck-in ratio (B) in the stretching step and the neck-in ratio (C) in the drying step, it is possible to manufacture a polarizing film having excellent polarization performance and a small shrinkage stress.
- the total neck-in rate (A) needs to be 57.5% or more, preferably 58.5% or more, and more preferably 59.0% or more.
- the total neck-in rate (A) needs to be 61.0% or less, preferably 60.8% or less, and more preferably 60.5% or less.
- the total neck-in ratio (A) is less than 57.5%, the neck-in phenomenon up to the stretching process is insufficient and the film width is often excessively widened, causing wrinkles on the surface of the polarizing film to improve the polarizing performance. It is not preferable because it tends to decrease or the yield of the polarizing film tends to decrease.
- the method for adjusting the total neck-in ratio (A) to these ranges is not particularly limited, but for example, the boric acid concentration and temperature of the aqueous solution in each step of the swelling step, the dyeing step, the cross-linking step, the stretching step and the washing step. Examples thereof include a method of appropriately adjusting the stretching ratio in each step of the swelling step, the dyeing step, the cross-linking step, the stretching step, and the washing step, and the drying temperature and drying time in the drying step.
- the neck-in ratio (B) in the stretching step needs to be 31.0% or more, preferably 32.0% or more, and more preferably 33.0% or more.
- the neck-in ratio (B) in the stretching step needs to be 38.0% or less, preferably 37.5% or less, more preferably 37.0% or less, and particularly preferably 36.0%. It is as follows. When the neck-in ratio (B) in the stretching step is less than 31.0%, the iodine-based dye cannot be highly oriented and it becomes difficult to obtain a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance, which is not preferable.
- the neck-in ratio (B) in the stretching step exceeds 38.0%, the reason is not clear, but the interaction between PVA molecular chains and the cross-linking with boric acid become strong, so that in the drying step.
- a polarizing film with excellent polarization performance and low shrinkage stress which cannot promote the neck-in phenomenon, decomposes unnecessary iodine-based dyes, relaxes the orientation of PVA, and releases residual stress due to crystallization. It is not preferable because it is difficult to obtain.
- the method for adjusting the neck-in ratio (B) to these ranges is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method for appropriately adjusting the boric acid concentration and temperature of the aqueous solution in the stretching step, the stretching ratio, and the like.
- the neck-in rate (C) in the drying step needs to be 9.8% or more, preferably 11.5% or more, more preferably 12.0% or more, and particularly preferably 12.5%. That is all.
- the neck-in ratio (C) in the drying step needs to be 16.5% or less, preferably 16.3% or less, and more preferably 16.1% or less.
- the neck-in ratio (C) in the drying step is less than 9.8%, it becomes difficult to obtain a polarizing film having a small shrinkage stress due to insufficient release of residual stress due to PVA orientation relaxation and crystallization. Not preferred.
- the neck-in ratio (C) in the drying step exceeds 16.5%, the orientation relaxation of PVA progresses excessively and the necessary iodine-based dye is decomposed, so that a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance can be obtained. It is not preferable because it becomes difficult.
- the method for adjusting the neck-in rate (C) to these ranges is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method for appropriately adjusting the drying temperature and the drying time in the drying step.
- the total draw ratio needs to be 5.5 times or more, preferably 5.8 times or more, more preferably 5.9 times or more, and particularly preferably 6.0 times or more.
- the total draw ratio needs to be 7.4 times or less, preferably 7.3 times or less, more preferably 7.2 times or less, and particularly preferably 6.8 times or less.
- the total draw ratio means the ratio of the length of the polarizing film stretched through all the steps to the original length of the unstretched PVA film used for producing the polarizing film.
- the neck-in phenomenon cannot be sufficiently advanced to highly orient the iodine-based dye, which makes it difficult to obtain a polarizing film having excellent polarization performance, which is not preferable.
- the method for adjusting the total draw ratio within these ranges is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method for appropriately adjusting the draw ratio in each step of the swelling step, the dyeing step, the crosslinking step, the stretching step, and the washing step. ..
- the boric acid concentration of the aqueous solution in the stretching step is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, more preferably 1.1% by mass or more, particularly preferably 1.2% by mass or more, and further preferably 1. 4% by mass or more.
- the boric acid concentration of the aqueous solution in the stretching step is preferably 3.0% by mass or less, more preferably 2.9% by mass or less, particularly preferably 2.5% by mass or less, still more preferably 2. It is 0% by mass or less.
- the neck-in ratio (D) represented by the following formula (4) up to the stretching step is preferably 46.0% or more, more preferably 48.5% or more, and particularly preferably 49.0. % Or more, more preferably 49.3% or more.
- the neck-in ratio (D) represented by the following formula (4) up to the stretching step is preferably 54.0% or less, more preferably 53.0% or less, and particularly preferably 52.0. % Or less, more preferably 51.2% or less.
- Neck-in rate (D) ⁇ (X1-Y2) / X1 ⁇ x 100 (4)
- the neck-in ratio (D) up to the stretching step is less than 46.0%, the neck-in phenomenon progressing up to the stretching step is insufficient in the neck-in phenomenon progressing in the whole process, and the iodine-based dye is highly oriented. It tends to be difficult to obtain a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance.
- the neck-in rate (D) up to the stretching step exceeds 54.0%
- the neck-in phenomenon progressing up to the stretching step is excessive in the neck-in phenomenon progressing in the entire process, and the stretching step After that, it becomes difficult to relax the orientation of PVA and release the residual stress by crystallization by a method that does not reduce the yield of the polarizing film, and it tends to be difficult to obtain a polarizing film having a small shrinkage stress.
- the method for adjusting the neck-in ratio (D) to these ranges is not particularly limited, but for example, the boric acid concentration and temperature of the aqueous solution in each step of the dyeing step, the cross-linking step and the stretching step, the swelling step, the dyeing step, and the like. Examples thereof include a method of appropriately adjusting the stretching ratio in each of the cross-linking step and the stretching step, and the drying temperature and drying time in the drying step.
- the neck-in rate difference (W), which is the difference between the total neck-in rate (A) and the neck-in rate (D) ((A)-(D)), is preferably 8.0% or more, more preferably. Is 8.5% or more, and particularly preferably 9.0% or more.
- the neck-in rate difference (W) is preferably 11.0% or less, more preferably 10.5% or less, and particularly preferably 10.0% or less.
- a polarizing film having excellent polarization performance and low shrinkage stress can be obtained because the ratio of the neck-in phenomenon is insufficient, the decomposition of unnecessary iodine-based dyes, the relaxation of PVA orientation, and the release of residual stress due to crystallization tend to be insufficient. Tends to be difficult. In particular, it tends to be difficult to reduce the shrinkage stress.
- W neck-in rate difference
- the ratio of the neck-in phenomenon progressing in the drying step is excessive in the neck-in phenomenon progressing in the whole process, and the necessary iodine system is used. It often progresses to the decomposition of the dye, and it tends to be difficult to obtain a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance.
- the ratio ((W) / (A)) of the neck-in rate difference (W) to the total neck-in rate (A) is preferably 0.14 or more, more preferably 0.15 or more, and particularly. It is preferably 0.16 or more.
- the ratio ((W) / (A)) of the neck-in rate difference (W) to the total neck-in rate (A) is preferably 0.19 or less, more preferably 0.18 or less, and particularly. It is preferably 0.17 or less.
- the ratio of the neck-in phenomenon that progresses in It tends to be difficult to obtain a polarizing film. In particular, it tends to be difficult to reduce the shrinkage stress.
- the ratio ((W) / (A)) exceeds 0.19, the ratio of the neck-in phenomenon progressing in the drying step is excessive in the neck-in phenomenon progressing in the whole process, which is necessary. It often progresses to the decomposition of iodine-based dyes, and it tends to be difficult to obtain a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance.
- the total boron element content in the polarizing film is preferably 2.0% by mass or more, more preferably 2.5% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 2.8% by mass or more.
- the total boron element content in the polarizing film is preferably 4.0% by mass or less, more preferably 3.8% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 3.7% by mass or less.
- the cross-linking by boric acid is insufficient, and the neck-in phenomenon is controlled in the stretching step and the drying step to highly orient the iodine-based dye. This is not preferable because it is difficult to obtain a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance.
- the total boron element content in the polarizing film can be determined by ICP emission analysis or the like. Specifically, it can be obtained by the method described in the examples.
- the polarizing film thus obtained in the present invention preferably has a degree of polarization of 99.963% or more and a shrinkage stress of 100 N / mm 2 or less when the single transmittance is 44%, and is a high-performance liquid crystal display. In particular, it can be suitably used for a liquid crystal display that may be used at high temperatures.
- the degree of polarization when the simple substance transmittance is 44% is preferably 99.965% or more, more preferably 99.967% or more, particularly preferably 99.970% or more, and further preferably 99.975%. % Or more.
- the thickness of the polarizing film obtained by the production method of the present invention is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 12 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 14 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the polarizing film obtained by the production method of the present invention is preferably 60 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 45 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 25 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness is less than 5 ⁇ m, stretch breakage is likely to occur during production, and productivity may decrease. On the other hand, if the thickness exceeds 60 ⁇ m, the performance required for the polarizing plate such as thinning and weight reduction may not be satisfied.
- PVA film used in the production method of the present invention contains PVA.
- PVA is a polymer having a vinyl alcohol unit (-CH 2 -CH (OH)-) as a main structural unit.
- the degree of polymerization of PVA is preferably 1,500 or more, more preferably 1,800 or more, and even more preferably 2,000 or more.
- the degree of polymerization of PVA is preferably 6,000 or less, more preferably 5,000 or less, and even more preferably 4,000 or less.
- the degree of polymerization of PVA (A) in the present specification means the average degree of polymerization measured according to the description of JIS K6726-1994.
- the saponification degree of PVA is preferably 95 mol% or more, more preferably 96 mol% or more, and more preferably 98 mol% or more, from the viewpoint of water resistance of the polarizing film obtained by uniaxially stretching the film. Is even more preferable.
- the degree of saponification of PVA in this specification is a structural unit (typically a vinyl ester unit) and vinyl which can be converted into vinyl alcohol unit ( -CH2 -CH (OH)-) by saponification possessed by PVA.
- the degree of saponification can be measured according to the description of JIS K6726-1994.
- the manufacturing method of PVA is not particularly limited.
- a method of converting a vinyl ester unit of a polyvinyl ester obtained by polymerizing a vinyl ester monomer into a vinyl alcohol unit can be mentioned.
- the vinyl ester monomer used for producing PVA (A) is not particularly limited, and is, for example, vinyl formic acid, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl versatic acid, vinyl caproate. , Vinyl acetate, vinyl caproate, vinyl laurate, vinyl palmitate, vinyl stearate, vinyl oleate, vinyl benzoate and the like. Vinyl acetate is preferred from an economic point of view.
- PVA may be obtained by converting the vinyl ester unit of a vinyl ester copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a vinyl ester monomer and another monomer copolymerizable therewith into a vinyl alcohol unit. good.
- Other monomers copolymerizable with the vinyl ester monomer include, for example, ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 30 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and isobutene; (meth) acrylic acid or a salt thereof; Methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, i-propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, i-butyl (meth) acrylate, (Meta) acrylate esters such as t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, do
- the vinyl ester copolymer described above can have a structural unit derived from one or more of the other monomers described above.
- the other monomer may be present in the reaction vessel in advance when the vinyl ester monomer is subjected to the polymerization reaction, or may be added to the reaction vessel during the polymerization reaction. It can be used by doing so.
- the content of units derived from other monomers is preferably 10 mol% or less, preferably 5 mol% or less, based on the number of moles of all structural units constituting PVA (A). % Or less, more preferably 2 mol% or less.
- PVA may or may not have a part of its hydroxyl group crosslinked. Further, the above-mentioned PVA may have a part of its hydroxyl group reacting with an aldehyde compound such as acetaldehyde or butyraldehyde to form an acetal structure, or may not react with these compounds to form an acetal structure. You may.
- an aldehyde compound such as acetaldehyde or butyraldehyde
- the stretchability is improved, the film can be stretched at a higher temperature, the occurrence of troubles such as stretch breakage is reduced, and the productivity of the polarizing film is further improved, the copolymerization with the above-mentioned vinyl ester monomer is carried out.
- Ethylene is preferred as a possible monomer.
- PVA contains ethylene units
- the content of ethylene units is 1 mol% or more with respect to the number of moles of all structural units constituting PVA from the viewpoint of stretchability and stretchable temperature as described above. It is preferably 2 mol% or more, and more preferably 2 mol% or more.
- the content of ethylene units is preferably 10 mol% or less with respect to the number of moles of all structural units constituting PVA from the viewpoint of stretchability and stretchable temperature. It is more preferably 6 mol% or less.
- the PVA film used in the production method of the present invention may contain a plasticizer in addition to the above-mentioned PVA.
- Preferred plasticizers include polyhydric alcohols, and specific examples include ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, diglycerin, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane and the like. Further, one or more of these plasticizers can be contained. Among these, glycerin is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the stretchability.
- the content of the plasticizer in the PVA film is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and 5 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA (A). More preferred.
- the content of the plasticizer in the PVA film is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 17 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 15 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA (A). More preferred.
- the content is 1 part by mass or more, the stretchability of the film is improved.
- the content is 20 parts by mass or less, it is possible to prevent the film from becoming too flexible and deteriorating the handleability.
- PVA films also include fillers, processing stabilizers such as copper compounds, weathering stabilizers, colorants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, antioxidants, flame retardants, and other thermoplastics. , Lubricants, fragrances, defoaming agents, deodorants, bulking agents, release agents, mold release agents, reinforcing agents, cross-linking agents, antifungal agents, preservatives, crystallization rate retarders, etc. Additives other than the plasticizer can be appropriately blended as needed.
- the content of the other additives in the PVA film is usually preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the degree of swelling of the PVA film is preferably 160% or more, more preferably 170% or more, and particularly preferably 180% or more.
- the degree of swelling of the PVA film is preferably 240% or less, more preferably 230% or less, and particularly preferably 220% or less.
- the degree of swelling is 160% or more, it is possible to suppress the extremely progress of crystallization, and it is possible to stably stretch to a high magnification.
- the degree of swelling is 240% or less, dissolution during stretching is suppressed, and stretching is possible even under higher temperature conditions.
- the thickness of the PVA film is not particularly limited, but is generally 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the PVA film is generally 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably 60 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 45 ⁇ m or less. If the PVA film is too thin, stretch breakage tends to occur easily in the stretching process for producing the polarizing film. Further, if the PVA film is too thick, stretching spots tend to occur in the stretching step for producing the polarizing film, and the obtained polarizing film also becomes thick. For this reason, it tends to be difficult to use it for thin and small devices such as smartphones and notebook computers.
- the width of the PVA film is not particularly limited and can be determined according to the intended use of the produced polarizing film. Since the screen size of liquid crystal televisions and liquid crystal monitors has been increasing in recent years, it is suitable for these applications if the width of the PVA film used for manufacturing the polarizing film is 3 m or more. On the other hand, if the width of the PVA film used for producing the polarizing film is too large, it tends to be difficult to uniformly stretch the polarizing film with a practical device, so that the polarizing film is manufactured.
- the width of the PVA film used in the above is preferably 10 m or less.
- the manufacturing method of the PVA film is not particularly limited, and a manufacturing method in which the thickness and width of the film after film formation are uniform is preferably adopted.
- a film-forming stock solution in which one or more of PVA (A) and, if necessary, the plasticizer, the other additive, and a surfactant described later are dissolved in a liquid medium.
- the film-forming stock solution contains at least one of a plasticizer, other additives, and a surfactant, it is preferable that these components are uniformly mixed.
- liquid medium used for preparing the film-forming stock solution examples include water, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol. , Trimethylolpropane, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and the like, and one or more of these can be used. Of these, water is preferable from the viewpoint of environmental load and recoverability.
- the volatile fraction of the membrane-forming stock solution (the content ratio of volatile components such as liquid media removed by volatilization or evaporation during membrane-forming in the membrane-forming stock solution) varies depending on the membrane-forming method, membrane-forming conditions, etc., but is generally used. In particular, it is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 55% by mass or more.
- the volatile fraction of the film-forming stock solution varies depending on the film-forming method, film-forming conditions, etc., but is generally preferably 95% by mass or less, and more preferably 90% by mass or less.
- the volatile fraction of the membrane-forming stock solution is 50% by mass or more, the viscosity of the membrane-forming stock solution does not become too high, filtration and defoaming during preparation of the film-forming stock solution are smoothly performed, and a film with few foreign substances and defects is performed. Is easy to manufacture.
- the volatile fraction of the film-forming stock solution is 95% by mass or less, the concentration of the film-forming stock solution does not become too low, and industrial film production becomes easy.
- the membrane-forming stock solution preferably contains a surfactant.
- a surfactant By containing the surfactant, the film-forming property is improved, the occurrence of thickness unevenness of the film is suppressed, and the film can be easily peeled off from the metal roll or belt used for the film-forming.
- the film When a PVA film is produced from a film-forming stock solution containing a surfactant, the film may contain a surfactant.
- the type of the above-mentioned surfactant is not particularly limited, but an anionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant is preferable from the viewpoint of peelability from a metal roll or a belt.
- anionic surfactant examples include carboxylic acid types such as potassium laurate; polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate, sodium alkyl sulfate, potassium alkyl sulfate, ammonium alkyl sulfate, triethanolamine alkyl sulfate, and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate.
- carboxylic acid types such as potassium laurate; polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate, sodium alkyl sulfate, potassium alkyl sulfate, ammonium alkyl sulfate, triethanolamine alkyl sulfate, and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate.
- Sulfate ester types such as sodium, polyoxypropylene alkyl ether sodium sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate sodium, octyl sulfate, etc .; sodium alkylsulfonate, potassium alkylsulfonate, ammonium alkylsulfonate, triethanolamine alkylsulfonate, alkylbenzene Sulphonic acid types such as sodium sulfonate, disodium dodecyldiphenyl ether disulfonate, sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, disodium alkylsulfosuccinate, disodium polyoxyethylene alkylsulfosuccinate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, etc .; sodium alkylphosphate, alkylphosphorus Acid ester potassium, alkyl phosphate ester ammonium, alkyl phosphate ester triethanolamine, poly
- nonionic surfactant examples include an alkyl ether type such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether; an alkylphenyl ether type such as polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether; an alkyl ester type such as polyoxyethylene laurate; and polyoxyethylene laurylamino.
- Alkylamine type such as ether
- Alkylamide type such as polyoxyethylene lauric acid amide
- Polypropylene glycol ether type such as polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether
- Alkanolamide type such as lauric acid diethanolamide and oleic acid diethanolamide
- Polyoxy An allylphenyl ether type such as alkylene allylphenyl ether is suitable.
- surfactants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.01 part by mass or more, preferably 0.02 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA (A) contained in the membrane-forming stock solution.
- the above is more preferable, and 0.05 parts by mass or more is particularly preferable.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or less, preferably 0.3 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of PVA (A) contained in the membrane-forming stock solution. It is more preferably 0 or less, and particularly preferably 0.2 parts by mass or less.
- the content is 0.01 parts by mass or more, the film-forming property and the peelability are further improved.
- the content is 0.5 parts by mass or less, it is possible to prevent the surfactant from bleeding out to the surface of the PVA film and causing blocking, resulting in deterioration of handleability.
- Examples of the film-forming method for forming a PVA film using the above-mentioned film-forming stock solution include a cast film-forming method, an extrusion film-forming method, a wet film-forming method, and a gel film-forming method.
- these film forming methods only one kind may be adopted or two or more kinds may be adopted in combination.
- the cast film-forming method and the extrusion film-forming method are preferable because a PVA film used for producing a polarizing film having a uniform thickness and width and good physical characteristics can be obtained.
- the formed PVA film can be dried or heat-treated as needed.
- a T-type slit die, a hopper plate, an I-die, a lip coater die, or the like is used, and the above-mentioned film-forming stock solution is most upstream.
- the volatile components are evaporated from the surface of the film to dry, and then further dried on the peripheral surface of one or more rotating heated rolls placed downstream thereof, or passed through a hot air drying device.
- a method of winding the film with a winding device after the film is further dried can be industrially preferably adopted. Drying with a heated roll and drying with a hot air drying device may be carried out in an appropriate combination. Further, a multilayer PVA film may be formed by forming a layer made of PVA (A) on one surface of a base film made of a single resin layer. The thickness of the base film in the multilayer film is usually 20 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the base film When a multilayer film is used as the PVA film, the base film must be one that can be stretched together with PVA (A), and polyester, polyolefin resin, or the like can be used. Of these, an amorphous polyester resin is preferable, and polyethylene terephthalate and an amorphous polyester resin obtained by copolymerizing polyethylene terephthalate with a copolymerization component such as isophthalic acid or 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol are preferably used. It is preferable to produce a multilayer film by applying a PVA solution to a base film. At this time, in order to improve the adhesiveness between the PVA (A) layer and the base film, the surface of the base film may be modified or an adhesive layer may be formed between the two layers.
- PVA polyethylene terephthalate and an amorphous polyester resin obtained by copolymerizing polyethylene terephthalate with a copolymerization component such as isophthalic acid or 1,4-cyclohe
- the method for producing a polarizing film of the present invention uses the PVA film described above as a raw material. Specifically, it is a method for producing a polarizing film, which comprises a dyeing step of dyeing a PVA film with a dichroic dye, a stretching step of uniaxially stretching the dyed film, and a drying step of drying the stretched film. , A method for producing a polarizing film, which comprises a stretching step of stretching a PVA film in an aqueous boric acid solution.
- the PVA film may be further subjected to a swelling step, a cross-linking step, a washing step, a heat treatment step, and the like, if necessary.
- the order of each step is not particularly limited, and one or more processes may be performed at the same time. Further, one or two or more of each step may be performed twice or more, but the polarizing film may be produced by performing a swelling step, a dyeing step, a cross-linking step, a stretching step, and a drying step in this order. preferable. It is also preferable to further perform a cleaning step after the stretching step.
- each step will be described in detail.
- the swelling treatment can be performed by immersing the PVA film in water.
- the temperature of the water in which the film is immersed is preferably 20 ° C. or higher, more preferably 22 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 25 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature of the water in which the film is immersed is preferably 40 ° C. or lower, more preferably 38 ° C. or lower, and even more preferably 35 ° C. or lower.
- the time for immersion in water is, for example, preferably 0.1 minutes or longer, and more preferably 0.2 minutes or longer.
- the time for soaking in water is, for example, preferably 5 minutes or less, and more preferably 3 minutes or less.
- the water in which the film is immersed is not limited to pure water, and may be an aqueous solution in which various components are dissolved, or may be a mixture of water and a hydrophilic medium. With such a dipping time, the PVA film can be efficiently and uniformly swelled.
- the dyeing step can be performed by contacting the PVA film with a dichroic dye.
- a dichroic dye an iodine-based dye or a dichroic dye is generally used, and it is preferable to use an iodine-based dye in the production method of the present invention.
- the dyeing step may be performed at any stage of before the stretching step, during the stretching step, and after the stretching step, but it is preferably performed before the stretching step because the iodine-based dye can be highly oriented.
- the dyeing step is generally performed by immersing the PVA film in a solution containing iodine-potassium iodide (particularly an aqueous solution) or a solution containing a plurality of dichroic dyes (particularly an aqueous solution) using a PVA film as a dyeing bath. ..
- the iodine concentration in the dyeing bath is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.5% by mass.
- the concentration of potassium iodide in the dyeing bath is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 15% by mass.
- the temperature of the dyeing bath is preferably 20 ° C. or higher, more preferably 25 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature of the dyeing bath is preferably 50 ° C. or lower, more preferably 40 ° C. or lower.
- a suitable staining time is 0.2-5 minutes.
- the dichroic dye is preferably an aqueous dye.
- the dye concentration in the dyeing bath is preferably 0.001 to 10% by mass. If necessary, a dyeing aid may be used.
- An inorganic salt such as sodium sulfate or a surfactant may be used as a dyeing aid.
- the dye concentration in the dyeing bath is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass.
- the dyeing temperature is preferably 30 to 80 ° C.
- the dyeing bath may contain a boric acid cross-linking agent such as borate such as boric acid and borax, but the content of the boric acid cross-linking agent is usually less than 5% by mass in terms of boric acid. , Preferably 1% by mass or less.
- a boric acid cross-linking agent such as borate such as boric acid and borax
- the cross-linking step can be performed by immersing the PVA film in an aqueous solution containing a boric acid cross-linking agent.
- a cross-linking step By subjecting the PVA film to a cross-linking step, the PVA molecular chain is cross-linked with boric acid, and the orientation of the PVA molecular chain is improved.
- the orientation of the dichroic dye adsorbed on the PVA film is improved, and the optical performance of the obtained polarizing film is improved. From this point of view, it is more preferable that the crosslinking step is performed after the dyeing step and before the stretching step.
- the boric acid cross-linking agent one or more kinds of boron-containing inorganic compounds such as borate such as boric acid and borax can be used, and the boric acid cross-linking agent is easy to handle. It is preferably boric acid. From the viewpoint of maintaining sufficient stretchability, the concentration of the boric acid cross-linking agent in the aqueous solution containing the boric acid cross-linking agent is preferably 1% by mass or more, and more preferably 2% by mass or more. Similarly, the concentration of the boric acid cross-linking agent in the aqueous solution containing the boric acid cross-linking agent is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 7% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of maintaining sufficient stretchability. preferable.
- the aqueous solution containing the boric acid cross-linking agent may contain an iodide auxiliary agent such as potassium iodide.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution containing the boric acid cross-linking agent is preferably 20 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 25 ° C.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution containing the boric acid cross-linking agent is preferably 50 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 40 ° C. or lower, from the viewpoint of efficient boric acid cross-linking.
- the PVA film may be stretched (pre-stretched) during or between the above-mentioned steps.
- the stretch ratio of the pre-stretching performed before the stretching step is not used in the production of the polarizing film from the viewpoint of the optical performance of the obtained polarizing film.
- the draw ratio of the pre-stretching is preferably 3.6 times or less, and more preferably 3.4 times or less.
- the draw ratio in the swelling step is preferably 1.05 to 2.5 times.
- the draw ratio in the dyeing step is preferably 1.1 to 2.5 times.
- the draw ratio in the crosslinking step is preferably 1.1 to 2.5 times.
- the stretching step is preferably performed in an aqueous solution containing boric acid.
- the concentration of boric acid in the aqueous solution containing boric acid is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 1.1% by mass or more, particularly preferably 1.2% by mass or more, still more preferably 1. It is 4% by mass or more.
- the concentration of boric acid in the aqueous solution containing boric acid is preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 3.0% by mass or less, particularly preferably 2.9% by mass or less, and further preferably 2 It is 5.5% by mass or less.
- the aqueous solution containing boric acid may contain an iodide auxiliary agent such as potassium iodide, and the concentration thereof is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10% by mass.
- the stretching temperature in the stretching step is preferably 53 ° C. or higher, more preferably 55 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 55 ° C. or higher.
- the stretching temperature in the stretching step is preferably 70 ° C. or lower, preferably 65 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 60 ° C. or lower.
- the stretching temperature refers to the temperature of the aqueous solution containing boric acid.
- the stretching temperature exceeds 70 ° C.
- the reactivity between PVA and boric acid is lowered and the cross-linking by boric acid is insufficient, and the neck-in phenomenon is controlled in the stretching step and the drying step to highly refine the iodine-based dye.
- the PVA film may be melted during the stretching step to reduce the yield of the polarizing film, so that the productivity tends to decrease.
- the stretching temperature is less than 53 ° C.
- the water content of the polarizing film before drying is insufficient, and the neck-in phenomenon can be controlled in the drying process to relax the orientation of PVA and release the residual stress by crystallization. It becomes difficult, and it tends to be difficult to obtain a polarizing film having a small shrinkage stress.
- the stretching ratio in the stretching step (that is, the stretching ratio based on the length of the PVA film after the pre-stretching and before the stretching step) is preferably 2.0 times or more, and the optical performance of the obtained polarizing film. From the above viewpoints, the draw ratio is more preferably 2.2 times or more.
- the stretching ratio in the stretching step is preferably 4.0 times or less, more preferably 3.5 times or less.
- the total draw ratio based on the original length of the unstretched PVA film used for producing the polarizing film needs to be 5.5 times or more, preferably 5.8 times or more, and more preferably 5.9 times. It is more than double, and particularly preferably 6.0 times or more.
- the total draw ratio needs to be 7.4 times or less, 7.3 times or less, more preferably 7.2 times or less, and particularly preferably 6.8 times or less.
- the stretching tension in the stretching step can be obtained by measuring the tension applied between adjacent rolls in the stretching step with the tension rolls installed between them.
- the stretching tension in the stretching step is preferably 200 N or more, more preferably 300 N or more, and particularly preferably 450 N or more.
- the stretching tension in the stretching step is preferably 1100 N or less, more preferably 1000 N or less, and particularly preferably 700 N or less.
- the stretching direction is not particularly limited, and uniaxial stretching and horizontal uniaxial stretching in the long direction, so-called diagonal stretching, can be adopted, but a polarizing film having excellent optical performance can be used.
- Uniaxial stretching in the long direction from the obtained point is preferable. Uniaxial stretching in the long direction can be performed by using a stretching device including a plurality of rolls parallel to each other and changing the peripheral speed between the rolls.
- the horizontal uniaxial stretching can be performed using a tenter type stretching machine.
- the cleaning step can be performed by immersing the PVA film in a cleaning bath or spraying the cleaning liquid on the PVA film.
- Water can be used as the cleaning liquid, but iodide auxiliaries such as potassium iodide and boric acid cross-linking agents may be contained therein.
- an iodide auxiliary agent such as potassium iodide, and the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass.
- the content of the boric acid cross-linking agent is 0.1% by mass or more. It is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or more.
- the content of the boric acid cross-linking agent in the cleaning liquid is preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the temperature of the cleaning step is usually 10 ° C. or higher, preferably 15 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 20 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature of the cleaning step is usually 50 ° C. or lower, preferably 40 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 35 ° C. or lower. If the temperature of the cleaning step exceeds 50 ° C., the polarizing film may be wrinkled and the appearance of the polarizing film may be deteriorated, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the temperature of the cleaning step is less than 20 ° C., it is not preferable from the viewpoint of economy.
- the temperature of the cleaning process refers to the temperature of the cleaning liquid.
- the draw ratio in the washing step is preferably 1.3 times or less, more preferably 1.2 times or less, and further preferably less than 1.1 times.
- the PVA film in each of the cross-linking step, the stretching step and the washing step, the PVA film may be immersed in an aqueous solution containing a borate cross-linking agent and stretched.
- the stretching ratio in each step is performed.
- the step with the highest value can be defined as a stretching step
- a step performed before the stretching step is defined as a cross-linking step
- a step performed after the stretching step can be defined as a cleaning step.
- the PVA film is usually immersed in an aqueous solution having a lower boric acid concentration than in the stretching step.
- the method of the drying step is not particularly limited, but the drying temperature in the drying step is preferably 60 ° C. or higher, more preferably 70 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 75 ° C. or higher.
- the drying temperature is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 90 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 85 ° C. or lower.
- the drying time in the drying step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 seconds or longer, more preferably 25 seconds or longer, and particularly preferably 40 seconds or longer.
- the drying time in the drying step is preferably 120 seconds or less, more preferably 110 seconds or less, and particularly preferably 95 seconds or less. By setting the drying time within this range, it becomes easy to appropriately control the neck-in phenomenon in the drying process.
- the draw ratio in the drying step is preferably 1.3 times or less, more preferably 1.2 times or less, and less than 1.1 times. It is more preferable to have. In order not to prevent the release of residual stress, it is preferable that stretching is not substantially performed in the drying step.
- the drying tension in the drying step can be obtained by measuring the tension applied between adjacent rolls in the drying step with the tension rolls installed between them.
- the drying tension in the drying step is preferably 100 N or more, more preferably 200 N or more, and particularly preferably 260 N or more.
- the drying tension in the drying step is preferably 600 N or less, more preferably 500 N or less, and particularly preferably 400 N or less.
- the heat treatment is a process of further heating a polarizing film having a moisture content of 5% or less after the drying treatment to improve the dimensional stability of the polarizing film.
- the conditions of the heat treatment are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to perform the heat treatment at 60 ° C. or higher, particularly 70 ° C. or higher. It is preferable to perform the heat treatment at 150 ° C. or lower, particularly 100 ° C. or lower. When the heat treatment is performed at a temperature lower than 60 ° C., the dimensional stabilizing effect of the heat treatment tends to be insufficient.
- the polarizing film When the heat treatment is performed at a temperature higher than 150 ° C., the polarizing film may be severely reddish.
- the time for performing the heat treatment is preferably 5 seconds or longer, more preferably 15 seconds or longer.
- the time for performing the heat treatment is preferably 100 seconds or less, and more preferably 60 seconds or less. If the time for performing the heat treatment is shorter than 5 seconds, the dimensional stabilizing effect of the heat treatment may not be sufficiently obtained. If the heat treatment time is longer than 100 seconds, the polarizing film may be reddish.
- the polarizing film produced by the production method of the present invention preferably has a degree of polarization of 99.963% or more when the simple substance transmittance is 44%. If the degree of polarization is less than 99.963% when the single transmittance is 44%, it may not be possible to obtain a high-quality LCD panel.
- the degree of polarization when the simple substance transmittance is 44% is preferably 99.965% or more, more preferably 99.967% or more, particularly preferably 99.970% or more, and further preferably 99.975%. % Or more.
- the total neck-in rate (A) is set to 57.5% or more and 61.0% or less, and the neck-in is set.
- the rate (B) is 31.0% or more and 38.0% or less
- the neck-in rate (C) is 16.5% or less.
- the boric acid concentration of the aqueous solution in the stretching step is preferably 1.0% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less. In this case, it is preferable that the total draw ratio is 5.5 times or more.
- the shrinkage stress of the polarizing film produced by the production method of the present invention is preferably 100 N / mm 2 or less, more preferably 90 N / mm 2 or less, and particularly preferably 85 N / mm 2 or less. ..
- a method of setting the shrinkage stress of the polarizing film to 100 N / mm 2 or less for example, a method of setting the neck-in ratio (B) to 38.0% or less and the neck-in ratio (C) to 9.8% or more can be mentioned. Be done.
- the boric acid concentration of the aqueous solution in the stretching step is 3.0% by mass or less.
- the total draw ratio is 7.4 times or less.
- the polarizing film manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention is usually used as a polarizing plate by laminating a protective film that is optically transparent and has mechanical strength on both sides or one side thereof.
- a protective film a cellulose triacetate (TAC) film, a cellulose acetate / butyrate (CAB) film, an acrylic film, a polyester film, or the like is used.
- TAC cellulose triacetate
- CAB cellulose acetate / butyrate
- acrylic film a polyester film, or the like
- examples of the adhesive for bonding include PVA-based adhesives and UV-curable adhesives.
- the polarizing plate obtained as described above may be bonded to a retardation film, a viewing angle improving film, a brightness improving film, or the like. Further, after the polarizing plate is coated with an adhesive such as acrylic, it can be bonded to a glass substrate and used as a component of an LCD.
- the difference ((A)-(D)) between the obtained total neck-in rate (A) and neck-in rate (D) was calculated, and this difference was taken as the neck-in rate difference (W). Further, by dividing the neck-in rate difference (W) by the total neck-in rate (A), the ratio ((W) / (A)) of the neck-in rate difference (W) and the total neck-in rate (A) can be obtained. Calculated.
- Optical characteristics of polarizing film In the following examples and comparative examples, a rectangular sample of the polarizing film having a length direction of 4 cm and a width direction of 2 cm was collected from the central portion in the width direction and the length direction of the obtained polarizing film, and the spectral transmittance with an integrating sphere was taken.
- the parallel transmittance and cross Nicol transmittance of the polarizing film are measured using the automatic polarizing film measuring device VAP-7070S (manufactured by Nippon Spectroscopy Co., Ltd.) equipped with a meter V-7100 (manufactured by Nippon Spectroscopy Co., Ltd.) and a Grantera polarizing element. did.
- the measurement wavelength range is set to 380 to 780 nm
- the transmittance when the vibration direction of the polarized light incident on the polarizing film through the Grantera polarizing element is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing film is the parallel transmittance, and the transmittance of the polarizing film.
- the case perpendicular to the transmission axis was defined as the cross Nicol transmittance.
- shrinkage stress of polarizing film was measured using an autograph AG-X with a constant temperature bath manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation and a video-type extensometer TRViewX120S. A polarizing film whose humidity was controlled at 20 ° C./20% RH for 18 hours was used for the measurement. After the constant temperature bath of Autograph AG-X was set to 20 ° C, a polarizing film (15 cm in length direction, 1.5 cm in width direction) was attached to the chuck (chuck interval 5 cm), and at the same time as the tension was started, the constant temperature bath was set to 80 ° C. The temperature rise was started.
- the polarizing film was pulled at a speed of 1 mm / min, the tension was stopped when the tension reached 2N, and the tension was measured up to 4 hours later in that state.
- a marked line sticker can be attached to the chuck, and the distance between the chucks can be corrected by the amount of movement of the marked line sticker attached to the chuck using the video type extensometer TRViewX120S. The measurement was performed in this way.
- the value obtained by subtracting the initial tension 2N from the measured value of the tension after 4 hours was defined as the shrinkage force of the polarizing film, and the value obtained by dividing the value by the cross-sectional area of the polarizing film was defined as the shrinkage stress (N / mm 2 ). ..
- the stretching tension in the stretching step was measured by measuring the tension applied between adjacent rolls in the stretching step by the tension rolls installed between them. When three or more rolls were used, the maximum draw tension among them was adopted.
- drying tension in the drying step was measured by measuring the tension applied between adjacent rolls in the drying step by a tension roll installed between them. When using three or more rolls, the maximum drying tension among them was adopted.
- Example 1 100 parts by mass of PVA (saponified product of vinyl acetate polymer, degree of polymerization 2400, degree of saponification 99.9 mol%), 10 parts by mass of glycerin as a plasticizer, sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate as a surfactant: 0.1 mass by mass
- a roll of a PVA film having a thickness of 45 ⁇ m was obtained by casting a film using a film-forming stock solution consisting of a portion and water.
- a polarizing film was produced by sequentially performing a swelling step, a dyeing step, a cross-linking step, a stretching step, a washing step, and a drying step on this PVA film.
- the width length X1 (m) of the unstretched PVA film used for producing the polarizing film was 0.65 m.
- the polarizing film was manufactured as follows. First, in the swelling step, while the above PVA film is immersed in water at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 90 seconds, it is uniaxially stretched (1) in the length direction (MD direction) to twice the original length of the PVA film. Step extension). In the subsequent dyeing step, while immersed in an aqueous solution containing 0.093% by mass of iodine and 2.14% by mass of potassium iodide at a temperature of 32 ° C. (the weight ratio of iodine to potassium iodide is 1:23) for 163 seconds. In addition, uniaxial stretching (second-stage stretching) was performed in the length direction (MD direction) up to 2.4 times the original length of the PVA film.
- the length direction (MD direction) is up to 3 times the original length of the PVA film.
- the original length of the PVA film was 6.
- Uniaxial stretching (fourth step stretching) was performed in the length direction (MD direction) up to 8 times.
- the maximum stretching tension in the stretching step was 679 N.
- the film was washed by immersing the film in an aqueous solution containing boric acid at a concentration of 1.5% by mass and potassium iodide at a concentration of 5.4% by mass at a temperature of 22 ° C. for 10 seconds.
- a polarizing film having a thickness of 15.6 ⁇ m was produced by drying in a dryer at 80 ° C. for 90 seconds.
- the maximum drying tension in the drying step was 382.5N.
- the single transmittance, the degree of polarization, the shrinkage stress, and the total amount of boron elements in the polarizing film were measured by the above-mentioned method.
- the results of these evaluations are shown in Table 1, and FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the shrinkage stress and the degree of polarization. Further, FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the maximum stretching tension and the contraction stress.
- Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 The concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution, the total stretching ratio and the boric acid aqueous solution temperature in the stretching step were changed as shown in Table 1, the drying temperature and the drying time in the drying step were changed as shown in Table 1, and the single transmittance of the polarizing film was changed.
- the draw tension and the drying tension were measured by the same method as in Example 1 except that the iodine concentration in the dyeing tank was appropriately adjusted so as to be 44%, and a polarizing film was produced by the same method as in Example 1. ..
- Example 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 the stretching ratio from the first-stage stretching to the third-stage stretching was the same as in Example 1, and the fourth-stage stretching was changed from Example 1. By doing so, the total draw ratio was adjusted to be the value shown in Table 1. Then, by the method described above, the simple substance transmittance, the degree of polarization, the shrinkage stress and the total amount of boron elements in the polarizing film were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1, and the relationship between shrinkage stress and degree of polarization is shown in FIG. Further, FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the maximum stretching tension and the contraction stress.
- the polarizing film had a small shrinkage force at high temperature and was excellent in optical performance.
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Abstract
Description
[1]ポリビニルアルコールフィルムを二色性色素で染色する染色工程、染色したポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、ホウ酸を含む水溶液中で一軸延伸する延伸工程、及び延伸したポリビニルアルコールフィルムを乾燥させる乾燥工程を含む偏光フィルムの製造方法であって、前記延伸工程の水溶液のホウ酸濃度が1質量%~3質量%であり、総延伸倍率が5.5倍~7.4倍であり、下記式(1)で表されるトータルネックイン率(A)が57.5%~61.0%であり、前記延伸工程における下記式(2)で表されるネックイン率(B)が31.0%~38.0%であり、前記乾燥工程における下記式(3)で表されるネックイン率(C)が9.8%~16.5%である、偏光フィルムの製造方法。;
トータルネックイン率(A)={(X1-X2)/X1}×100 (1)
ネックイン率(B) ={(Y1-Y2)/Y1}×100 (2)
ネックイン率(C) ={(Z1-X2)/Z1}×100 (3)
[X1は、前記染色工程前のポリビニルアルコールフィルムの幅の長さ(m)を表し、X2は、前記乾燥工程後のポリビニルアルコールフィルムの幅の長さ(m)を表し、Y1は、前記延伸工程前のポリビニルアルコールフィルムの幅の長さ(m)を表し、Y2は、前記延伸工程後のポリビニルアルコールフィルムの幅の長さ(m)を表し、Z1は、前記乾燥工程前のポリビニルアルコールフィルムの幅の長さ(m)を表す。];
[2]前記延伸工程までの下記式(4)で表されるネックイン率(D)が46.0%~54.0%である、前記[1]に記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法。;
ネックイン率(D)={(X1-Y2)/X1}×100 (4)
[3]前記トータルネックイン率(A)と前記ネックイン率(D)の差((A)-(D))であるネックイン率差(W)が8.0~11.0%である、前記[2]に記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法;
[4]前記ネックイン率差(W)と前記トータルネックイン率(A)の比((W)/(A))が0.14~0.19である、前記[3]に記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法;
[5]偏光フィルム中の全ホウ素元素含有量が2.0~4.0質量%である、前記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法;
[6]前記延伸工程における延伸温度が53℃~70℃である、前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法;
[7]前記乾燥工程における乾燥温度が60℃~100℃である、前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法;
[8]偏光フィルムの単体透過率44%のときの偏光度が99.963%以上、且つ、収縮応力が100N/mm2以下である、前記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法;
[9]ポリビニルアルコールフィルムからなり、単体透過率44%のときの偏光度が99.963%以上、且つ、収縮応力が100N/mm2以下である、偏光フィルム;
[10]偏光フィルム中の全ホウ素元素含有量が4.0質量%以下である、前記[9]に記載の偏光フィルム;
に関する。
トータルネックイン率(A)={(X1-X2)/X1}×100 (1)
ネックイン率(B) ={(Y1-Y2)/Y1}×100 (2)
ネックイン率(C) ={(Z1-X2)/Z1}×100 (3)
ネックイン率(D)={(X1-Y2)/X1}×100 (4)
本発明の製造方法で用いられるPVAフィルムはPVAを含有する。PVAは、ビニルアルコール単位(-CH2-CH(OH)-)を主の構造単位として有する重合体である。
本発明の製造方法に用いられるPVAフィルムは、上記のPVAの他に可塑剤を含むことができる。好ましい可塑剤としては多価アルコールが挙げられ、具体例としては、エチレングリコール、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジグリセリン、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、トリメチロールプロパンなどが挙げられる。さらに、これらの可塑剤の1種又は2種以上を含むことができる。これらの中でも、延伸性の向上効果の点からグリセリンが好ましい。
本発明の偏光フィルムの製造方法は、以上に説明したPVAフィルムを原材料とする。具体的には、PVAフィルムを二色性色素で染色する染色工程、染色したフィルムを一軸延伸する延伸工程、及び延伸したフィルムを乾燥させる乾燥工程を含む偏光フィルムの製造方法であり、好適には、PVAフィルムをホウ酸水溶液中で延伸する延伸工程を含む偏光フィルムの製造方法である。前記染色工程、延伸工程及び乾燥工程に加えて、PVAフィルムに対して、必要に応じてさらに、膨潤工程、架橋工程、洗浄工程、熱処理工程などを施してもよい。各工程の順序は特に制限されず、1つ又は2つ以上の処理を同時に行うこともできる。また、各工程の1つ又は2つ以上を2回又はそれ以上行うこともできるが、膨潤工程、染色工程、架橋工程、延伸工程、乾燥工程をこの順番に施して偏光フィルムを製造することが好ましい。前記延伸工程の後に、更に洗浄工程を施すことも好ましい。以下、各工程について詳細に説明する。
本発明の製造方法で製造される偏光フィルムは、単体透過率44%のときの偏光度が99.963%以上であることが好ましい。単体透過率44%のときの偏光度が99.963%未満の場合、高画質のLCDパネルを得ることのできない恐れがある。単体透過率44%のときの偏光度は、好ましくは99.965%以上であり、より好ましくは99.967%以上であり、特に好ましくは99.970%以上であり、さらに好ましくは99.975%以上である。偏光フィルムの単体透過率44%のときの偏光度を99.963%以上とする方法としては、例えば、トータルネックイン率(A)を57.5%以上、61.0%以下とし、ネックイン率(B)を31.0%以上、38.0%以下とし、ネックイン率(C)を16.5%以下とする方法があげられる。この場合において、延伸工程の水溶液のホウ酸濃度を1.0質量%以上、3.0質量%以下とすることが好ましい。この場合において、総延伸倍率を5.5倍以上とすることが好ましい。
以下の実施例又は比較例において、偏光フィルムの製造に供する未延伸のPVAフィルムの幅の長さX1(m)及び乾燥工程後のPVAフィルムの幅の長さX2(m)を測定した。得られた測定値を下記式(1)に代入することでトータルネックイン率(A)を算出した。
トータルネックイン率(A)={(X1-X2)/X1}×100 (1)
以下の実施例又は比較例において、架橋工程後、延伸工程前のPVAフィルムの幅の長さY1(m)及び延伸工程後、洗浄工程前のPVAフィルムの幅の長さY2(m)を測定した。得られた測定値を下記式(2)に代入することで延伸工程におけるネックイン率(B)を算出した。
ネックイン率(B)={(Y1-Y2)/Y1}×100 (2)
以下の実施例又は比較例において、洗浄工程後、乾燥工程前のPVAフィルムの幅の長さZ1(m)及び乾燥工程後のPVAフィルムの幅の長さX2(m)を測定した。得られた測定値を下記式(3)に代入することで乾燥工程におけるネックイン率(C)を算出した。
ネックイン率(C)={(Z1-X2)/Z1}×100 (3)
以下の実施例又は比較例において、偏光フィルムの製造に供する未延伸のPVAフィルムの幅の長さX1(m)及び洗浄工程前、延伸工程後のPVAフィルムの幅の長さY2(m)を測定した。得られた測定値を下記式(4)に代入することで延伸工程までのネックイン率(D)を算出した。
ネックイン率(D)={(X1-Y2)/X1}×100 (4)
以下の実施例及び比較例において、得られた偏光フィルムの幅方向と長さ方向の中央部から、偏光フィルムの長さ方向4cm×幅方向2cmの長方形のサンプルを採取し、積分球付き分光光度計V-7100(日本分光株式会社製)とグランテーラ偏光子を備え付けた自動偏光フィルム測定装置VAP-7070S(日本分光株式会社製)を用いて、偏光フィルムのパラレル透過率及びクロスニコル透過率を測定した。ここで、測定波長範囲は380~780nmに設定し、グランテーラ偏光子を通して偏光フィルムに入射される偏光の振動方向が、偏光フィルムの透過軸に平行な場合の透過率をパラレル透過率、偏光フィルムの透過軸に垂直な場合をクロスニコル透過率とした。その後、「偏光フィルム評価プログラム」(日本分光株式会社製)を用いて、JIS Z 8722(物体色の測定方法)に準拠するように、前述のパラレル透過率とクロスニコル透過率を用いて、C光源、2°視野の可視光領域の視感度補正を行って、偏光フィルムの単体透過率、偏光度の算出を行い、これら2つの値を偏光フィルムの光学特性として得た。より具体的には、単体透過率44%のときの偏光度の算出を行った。
以下の実施例及び比較例において、偏光フィルムの収縮応力は、株式会社島津製作所製の恒温槽付きオートグラフAG-Xとビデオ式伸び計TRViewX120Sを用いて測定した。測定には20℃/20%RHで18時間調湿した偏光フィルムを使用した。オートグラフAG-Xの恒温槽を20℃にした後、偏光フィルム(長さ方向15cm、幅方向1.5cm)をチャック(チャック間隔5cm)に取り付け、引張り開始と同時に、80℃へ恒温槽の昇温を開始した。偏光フィルムを1mm/minの速さで引張り、張力が2Nに到達した時点で引張りを停止し、その状態で4時間後までの張力を測定した。このとき、熱膨張によってチャック間の距離が変わるため、チャックに標線シールを貼り、ビデオ式伸び計TRViewX120Sを用いてチャックに貼り付けた標線シールが動いた分だけチャック間の距離を修正できるようにして測定を行った。なお、4時間後の張力の測定値から初期張力2Nを差し引いた値を偏光フィルムの収縮力とし、その値を偏光フィルムの断面積で除した値を収縮応力(N/mm2)と定義した。
以下の実施例及び比較例において、得られた偏光フィルムを23℃、50%RHで16時間調湿し、偏光フィルムの質量[E(g)]を測定した後、偏光フィルムが0.005質量%になるように蒸留水20mLに溶解した。偏光フィルムを溶解した水溶液を測定サンプルとし、その質量[F(g)]を測定した。株式会社島津製作所製のマルチ形ICP発光分析装置(ICP)を用いて測定サンプルのホウ素濃度[G(ppm)]を測定した。その後、下記式に測定した値を代入して算出した値を偏光フィルム中の全ホウ素元素含有量(質量%)とした。
偏光フィルム中の全ホウ素元素含有量(質量%)=[(G×10-6×F)/E]×100
以下の実施例及び比較例において、延伸工程における延伸張力は、延伸工程において隣接するロール間にかかる張力を、その間に設置したテンションロールによって計測した。3本以上のロールを用いるときには、その中の最大の延伸張力を採用した。
以下の実施例及び比較例において、乾燥工程における乾燥張力は、乾燥工程において隣接するロール間にかかる張力を、その間に設置したテンションロールによって計測した。3本以上のロールを用いるときには、その中の最大の乾燥張力を採用した。
PVA(酢酸ビニル重合体のけん化物、重合度2400、けん化度99.9モル%)100質量部、可塑剤としてグリセリン10質量部、界面活性剤としてポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム:0.1質量部及び水からなる製膜原液を用いてキャスト製膜することにより、厚み45μmのPVAフィルムのロールを得た。このPVAフィルムに対して、膨潤工程、染色工程、架橋工程、延伸工程、洗浄工程及び乾燥工程を、順次行うことにより偏光フィルムを製造した。なお、偏光フィルムの製造に供する未延伸のPVAフィルムの幅の長さX1(m)は0.65mだった。
延伸工程におけるホウ酸水溶液濃度、総延伸倍率及びホウ酸水溶液温度を表1の通りに変更したこと、乾燥工程における乾燥温度、乾燥時間を表1の通りに変更したこと、偏光フィルムの単体透過率が44%になるように染色槽のヨウ素濃度を適宜調整したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で延伸張力及び乾燥張力を測定し、実施例1と同様の方法で偏光フィルムを製造した。なお、実施例2~5及び比較例1~9では、1段目延伸から3段目延伸までの延伸倍率は、実施例1と同様の延伸倍率とし、4段目延伸を実施例1から変更することで、総延伸倍率が表1に示される値となるように調整した。その後、上記に記載の方法で、単体透過率、偏光度、収縮応力及び偏光フィルム中の全ホウ素元素量を評価した。それらの結果を表1に示し、図1に収縮応力と偏光度の関係を示した。また、図2に最大延伸張力と収縮応力の関係を示した。
Claims (10)
- ポリビニルアルコールフィルムを二色性色素で染色する染色工程、染色したポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、ホウ酸を含む水溶液中で一軸延伸する延伸工程、及び延伸したポリビニルアルコールフィルムを乾燥させる乾燥工程を含む偏光フィルムの製造方法であって、
前記延伸工程の水溶液のホウ酸濃度が1質量%~3質量%であり、総延伸倍率が5.5倍~7.4倍であり、下記式(1)で表されるトータルネックイン率(A)が57.5%~61.0%であり、前記延伸工程における下記式(2)で表されるネックイン率(B)が31.0%~38.0%であり、前記乾燥工程における下記式(3)で表されるネックイン率(C)が9.8%~16.5%である、偏光フィルムの製造方法。;
トータルネックイン率(A)={(X1-X2)/X1}×100 (1)
ネックイン率(B) ={(Y1-Y2)/Y1}×100 (2)
ネックイン率(C) ={(Z1-X2)/Z1}×100 (3)
[X1は、前記染色工程前のポリビニルアルコールフィルムの幅の長さ(m)を表し、X2は、前記乾燥工程後のポリビニルアルコールフィルムの幅の長さ(m)を表し、Y1は、前記延伸工程前のポリビニルアルコールフィルムの幅の長さ(m)を表し、Y2は、前記延伸工程後のポリビニルアルコールフィルムの幅の長さ(m)を表し、Z1は、前記乾燥工程前のポリビニルアルコールフィルムの幅の長さ(m)を表す。] - 前記延伸工程までの下記式(4)で表されるネックイン率(D)が46.0%~54.0%である、請求項1に記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法。;
ネックイン率(D)={(X1-Y2)/X1}×100 (4) - 前記トータルネックイン率(A)と前記ネックイン率(D)の差((A)-(D))であるネックイン率差(W)が8.0~11.0%である、請求項2に記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記ネックイン率差(W)と前記トータルネックイン率(A)の比((W)/(A))が0.14~0.19である、請求項3に記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法。
- 偏光フィルム中の全ホウ素元素含有量が2.0~4.0質量%である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記延伸工程における延伸温度が53℃~70℃である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法。
- 前記乾燥工程における乾燥温度が60℃~100℃である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法。
- 偏光フィルムの単体透過率44%のときの偏光度が99.963%以上、且つ、収縮応力が100N/mm2以下である、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の偏光フィルムの製造方法。
- ポリビニルアルコールフィルムからなり、単体透過率44%のときの偏光度が99.963%以上、且つ、収縮応力が100N/mm2以下である、偏光フィルム。
- 偏光フィルム中の全ホウ素元素含有量が4.0質量%以下である、請求項9に記載の偏光フィルム。
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