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WO2020216012A1 - 电动汽车用非对称磁极式永磁与爪极电励磁驱动电机 - Google Patents

电动汽车用非对称磁极式永磁与爪极电励磁驱动电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020216012A1
WO2020216012A1 PCT/CN2020/082278 CN2020082278W WO2020216012A1 WO 2020216012 A1 WO2020216012 A1 WO 2020216012A1 CN 2020082278 W CN2020082278 W CN 2020082278W WO 2020216012 A1 WO2020216012 A1 WO 2020216012A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
magnetic
rectangular permanent
magnetic pole
magnet steel
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PCT/CN2020/082278
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张学义
胡文静
雷雨龙
王善健
尹红彬
耿慧慧
Original Assignee
山东理工大学
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Application filed by 山东理工大学 filed Critical 山东理工大学
Priority to US17/045,122 priority Critical patent/US11323014B2/en
Publication of WO2020216012A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020216012A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
    • H02K21/042—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
    • H02K21/044—Rotor of the claw pole type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H02K1/243—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors of the claw-pole type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle motors and appliances, and more specifically, the present invention relates to an asymmetric magnetic pole type permanent magnet and claw pole electric excitation drive motor for electric vehicles.
  • the rotors of permanent magnet drive motors used in electric vehicles mostly adopt a structure with multiple permanent magnets per magnetic pole, such as the prior art, patent name: permanent magnet rotor motor, publication number: CN 1213207A, and the following technical solutions are disclosed.
  • Each of its magnetic poles is composed of three permanent magnets. These permanent magnets use at least two magnetic materials represented by ferrite magnets and rare earth magnets.
  • the motor rotor of this structure has a symmetrical magnetic pole structure.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an asymmetrical structure of adjacent magnetic poles in the rotor of this type of motor, which can overcome the above-mentioned defects, and provide a combined permanent magnetic pole for electric vehicles that can improve the performance of the motor and reduce the cost of the motor.
  • Magnetic drive motor its technical content is:
  • the asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet and claw pole electric excitation drive motor for electric vehicles is composed of a front end cover, a rear cover, a housing, an asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet rotor, a claw pole electric excitation rotor, and a stator. It is characterized by:
  • the asymmetric pole type permanent magnet rotor is composed of a shaft, a first rectangular permanent magnet steel, a second rectangular permanent magnet steel, a rotor core, a first magnetic isolation air gap, and a second magnetic isolation air gap.
  • the rotor core is uniform in the circumferential direction.
  • An even number of magnetic pole groups are arranged.
  • the magnetic pole group includes a first magnetic pole group and a second magnetic pole group. The polarities of the outer sides of the first magnetic pole group and the second magnetic pole group are distributed in a manner of N and S poles arranged at intervals;
  • the first magnetic pole group includes two first rectangular permanent magnet steels, one second rectangular permanent magnet steel and two first magnetic isolation air gaps, and the second magnetic pole group includes one second rectangular permanent magnet steel and two A second magnetic isolation air gap, the pole arc of the first magnetic pole group is smaller than the pole arc of the second magnetic pole group, and the first rectangular permanent magnet steel has a non-radial structure;
  • the distance between the outer ends of the two first rectangular permanent magnets is greater than the distance between the inner ends of the two first rectangular permanent magnets, and the two first rectangular permanent magnets have an axisymmetric structure;
  • the second rectangular permanent magnet steel has a tangential structure and is symmetric about the diameter, and the distance between the center of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel and the center of the rotating shaft is smaller than the center of the first rectangular permanent magnet steel and the center of the rotating shaft The distance between the center of the second rectangular permanent magnet and the center of the shaft is greater than the distance between the inner end of the first rectangular permanent magnet and the center of the shaft; the second rectangular permanent magnet is perpendicular to the diameter
  • the length in the direction is 1/3 to 1/2 of the length between the inner ends of two adjacent first rectangular permanent magnet steels in the adjacent first magnetic pole groups;
  • the two first magnetic isolation air gaps are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel in the first magnetic pole group, the first magnetic isolation air gap has a right triangle in cross section, and the first magnetic isolation air gap One end of is connected with the second rectangular permanent magnet steel, and the other end of the first magnetic isolation air gap is not connected with the first rectangular permanent magnet steel;
  • the second magnetic isolation air gap is respectively arranged between the inner end of the first rectangular permanent magnet steel and the left and right ends of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel in the second magnetic pole group.
  • the rectangular permanent magnet steel is connected, the second magnetic isolation air gap is not connected with the second rectangular permanent magnet steel, and the rotor core of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel is press-fitted on the shaft.
  • the stator of the driving motor When the driving motor is supplied with three-phase alternating current that is pulse-width modulated by a three-phase inverter, the stator of the driving motor generates a spatial rotating magnetic field, which interacts with the magnetic field generated by the rotor, and the rotor generates the direction of the rotating magnetic field with the stator winding
  • the uniform rotating torque makes the rotor of the drive motor rotate, and then drives the electric vehicle to run.
  • the present invention has designed and developed an asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet and claw pole electric excitation drive motor for electric vehicles.
  • the permanent magnet is embedded in the asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet rotor and designed
  • the distribution method of the first rectangular permanent magnet steel and the second rectangular permanent magnet steel can improve the utilization of the internal space of the motor rotor by changing the magnetic pole structure, and the second magnet gathers the magnetic field of the first magnet to compensate for the depression in the air gap waveform of each pole, and enhance the motor Performance, while reducing the amount of permanent magnets to reduce motor costs.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet and claw pole electric excitation drive motor for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of the permanent magnet rotor of the present invention.
  • the asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet and claw pole electric excitation drive motor for electric vehicles is composed of a front cover 2, a rear cover 9, a casing 5, an asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet rotor, a claw pole electric excitation rotor, and a stator 6.
  • the asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet rotor is composed of a shaft 1, a first rectangular permanent magnet steel 3, a second rectangular permanent magnet steel 4, a rotor core 7, a first magnetic isolation air gap 8, and a second magnetic isolation air gap 10.
  • the iron core 7 is evenly distributed with an even number of magnetic pole groups along the circumferential direction.
  • the magnetic pole groups include a first magnetic pole group and a second magnetic pole group.
  • the polarities of the outer sides of the first magnetic pole group and the second magnetic pole group are arranged at intervals of N and S poles. distributed;
  • the first magnetic pole group includes two first rectangular permanent magnet steels 3, a second rectangular permanent magnet steel 4, and two first magnetic isolation air gaps 8, and the second magnetic pole group includes a second rectangular permanent magnet steel 4 and two second magnetic isolation air gaps 10, the pole arc of the first magnetic pole group is smaller than the pole arc of the second magnetic pole group, and the first rectangular permanent magnet 3 has a non-radial structure;
  • the distance between the outer ends of the two first rectangular permanent magnets 3 is greater than the distance between the inner ends of the two first rectangular permanent magnets 3, and the two first rectangular permanent magnets 3 are axisymmetric structure;
  • the second rectangular permanent magnet steel has a tangential structure and is symmetrical about the diameter.
  • the distance between the center of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel 4 and the center of the rotating shaft is smaller than the center of the first rectangular permanent magnet steel 3 and the rotating shaft.
  • the distance between the center of the second rectangular permanent magnet 4 and the center of the shaft is greater than the distance between the inner end of the first rectangular permanent magnet 3 and the center of the shaft; the second rectangular permanent magnet 4
  • the length in the direction perpendicular to the diameter is 1/3 to 1/2 of the length between the inner ends of two adjacent first rectangular permanent magnet steels 3 in the two adjacent first magnetic pole groups;
  • the two first magnetic isolation air gaps 8 are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the second rectangular permanent magnet steel 4 in the first magnetic pole group.
  • the cross section of the first magnetic isolation air gap 8 is a right triangle.
  • One end of the magnetic air gap 8 is connected with the second rectangular permanent magnet steel 4, and the other end of the first magnetic air gap 8 is not connected with the first rectangular permanent magnet steel 3;
  • the second magnetic isolation air gap 10 is respectively arranged between the inner end of the first rectangular permanent magnet 3 and the left and right ends of the second rectangular permanent magnet 4 in the second magnetic pole group. 10 is connected to the first rectangular permanent magnet steel 3, the second magnetic isolation air gap 10 is not connected to the second rectangular permanent magnet steel 4, and the second rectangular permanent magnet steel 4 is press-fitted on the shaft 1 with the rotor core 7.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种电动汽车用非对称磁极式永磁与爪极电励磁驱动电机，包括：前端盖、后端盖、机壳、非对称磁极式永磁转子、爪极电励磁转子、定子；非对称磁极式永磁转子设有第一磁极组和第二磁极组，第一磁极组和第二磁极组为非对称结构，第一磁极组和第二磁极组外侧面的极性以N、S极间隔排列的方式分布，该类型结构的电机转子能够通过改变磁极结构提高电机转子内部空间利用率，第二磁铁汇集第一磁铁部分磁场弥补每极气隙波形中间凹陷，提升电机性能，同时永磁用量减少降低电机成本。

Description

电动汽车用非对称磁极式永磁与爪极电励磁驱动电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车电机电器技术领域，更具体的是，本发明涉及一种电动汽车用非对称磁极式永磁与爪极电励磁驱动电机。
背景技术
目前电动汽车上采用的永磁驱动电机的转子大多采用每个磁极多个永磁体的结构，如现有技术，专利名称：永磁转子式电动机，公开号：CN 1213207A，公开了如下技术方案，其个磁极分别由三个永久磁铁构成，这些永久磁铁采用以铁氧体磁铁和稀土类磁铁为代表的至少两种磁性材料，该结构的电机转子为对称磁极结构，通过改变永磁钢的材料种类降低电机成本，但同时也会不可避免的影响到电机的性能，因此有必要从电机磁极结构的角度既能提升电机性能又能降低电机成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能克服上述缺陷，该类型电机转子中的相邻磁极为非对称式结构，提供一种既能提升电机性能又能降低电机成本的电动汽车用间隔磁极组合式永磁驱动电机，其技术内容为：
电动汽车用非对称磁极式永磁与爪极电励磁驱动电机，由前端盖、后端盖、机壳、非对称磁极式永磁转子、爪极电励磁转子、定子组成，其特征在于：
非对称磁极式永磁转子由轴、第一矩形永磁钢、第二矩形永磁钢、转子铁芯、第一隔磁气隙、第二隔磁气隙组成，转子铁芯沿圆周方向均布有偶数个磁极组，磁极组包括第一磁极组和第二磁极组，第一磁极组和第二磁极组外侧面的极性以N、S极间隔排列的方式分布；
所述第一磁极组包括两个第一矩形永磁钢、一个第二矩形永磁钢和两个第一隔磁气隙，所述第二磁极组包括一个第二矩形永磁钢和两个第二隔磁气隙，所述第一磁极组的极弧小于所述第二磁极组的极弧，所述第一矩形永磁钢为非径向结构；
所述两个第一矩形永磁钢的外端之间的距离大于所述两个第一矩形永磁钢的内端之间的距离，两个第一矩形永磁钢为轴对称结构；
所述第二矩形永磁钢为切向结构且关于直径对称，第二矩形永磁钢的中心与所述 转轴的中心的距离小于所述第一矩形永磁钢的中心与所述转轴的中心的距离，第二矩形永磁钢的中心与所述转轴的中心的距离大于所述第一矩形永磁钢的内端与所述转轴的中心的距离；第二矩形永磁钢在垂直于直径方向上的长度是所述相邻第一磁极组中的相邻两个第一矩形永磁钢的内端之间长度的1/3～1/2；
所述两个第一隔磁气隙分别设置于所述第一磁极组中的第二矩形永磁钢的左右两端，第一隔磁气隙横截面为直角三角形，第一隔磁气隙的一端与第二矩形永磁钢连通，第一隔磁气隙的另一端与第一矩形永磁钢不连通；
所述第二隔磁气隙分别设置于第一矩形永磁钢的内端和第二磁极组中的第二矩形永磁钢左、右两端之间，第二隔磁气隙与第一矩形永磁钢连通，第二隔磁气隙与第二矩形永磁钢不连通，第二矩形永磁钢均转子铁芯压装在轴上。
工作原理：当驱动电机通入由三相逆变器经脉宽调制的三相交流电后，驱动电机定子产生空间旋转磁场，它与转子所产生的磁场相互作用，转子产生与定子绕组旋转磁场方向一致的旋转转矩，使驱动电机转子转动，进而驱动电动汽车运行。
本发明与现有技术相比，本发明设计开发了一种电动汽车用非对称磁极式永磁与爪极电励磁驱动电机，永磁体内嵌于非对称磁极式永磁转子内，并设计了第一矩形永磁钢、第二矩形永磁钢的分布方式，能够通过改变磁极结构提高电机转子内部空间利用率，第二磁铁汇集第一磁铁部分磁场弥补每极气隙波形中间凹陷，提升电机性能，同时永磁用量减少降低电机成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述电动汽车用非对称磁极式永磁与爪极电励磁驱动电机的剖视结构示意图。
图2为本发明所述永磁转子的剖视结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
电动汽车用非对称磁极式永磁与爪极电励磁驱动电机，由前端盖2、后端盖9、机壳5、非对称磁极式永磁转子、爪极电励磁转子、定子6组成，其特征在于：
非对称磁极式永磁转子由轴1、第一矩形永磁钢3、第二矩形永磁钢4、转子铁芯7、第一隔磁气隙8、第二隔磁气隙10组成，转子铁芯7沿圆周方向均布有偶数个磁极组，磁极组包括第一磁极组和第二磁极组，第一磁极组和第二磁极组外侧面的极性以N、S极间隔排列的方式分布；
所述第一磁极组包括两个第一矩形永磁钢3、一个第二矩形永磁钢4和两个第一隔磁气隙8，所述第二磁极组包括一个第二矩形永磁钢4和两个第二隔磁气隙10，所述第一磁极组的极弧小于所述第二磁极组的极弧，所述第一矩形永磁钢3为非径向结构；
所述两个第一矩形永磁钢3的外端之间的距离大于所述两个第一矩形永磁钢3的内端之间的距离，两个第一矩形永磁钢3为轴对称结构；
所述第二矩形永磁钢为切向结构且关于直径对称，第二矩形永磁钢4的中心与所述转轴的中心的距离小于所述第一矩形永磁钢3的中心与所述转轴的中心的距离，第二矩形永磁钢4的中心与所述转轴的中心的距离大于所述第一矩形永磁钢3的内端与所述转轴的中心的距离；第二矩形永磁钢4在垂直于直径方向上的长度是所述相邻两个第一磁极组中的相邻两个第一矩形永磁钢3的内端之间长度的1/3～1/2；
所述两个第一隔磁气隙8分别设置于所述第一磁极组中的第二矩形永磁钢4的左右两端，第一隔磁气隙8横截面为直角三角形，第一隔磁气隙8的一端与第二矩形永磁钢4连通，第一隔磁气隙8的另一端与第一矩形永磁钢3不连通；
所述第二隔磁气隙10分别设置于第一矩形永磁钢3的内端和第二磁极组中的第二矩形永磁钢4左、右两端之间，第二隔磁气隙10与第一矩形永磁钢3连通，第二隔磁气隙10与第二矩形永磁钢4不连通，第二矩形永磁钢4均转子铁芯7压装在轴1上。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种电动汽车用非对称磁极式永磁与爪极电励磁驱动电机，由前端盖(2)、后端盖(9)、机壳(5)、非对称磁极式永磁转子、爪极电励磁转子、定子(6)组成，其特征在于：
    非对称磁极式永磁转子由轴(1)、第一矩形永磁钢(3)、第二矩形永磁钢(4)、转子铁芯(7)、第一隔磁气隙(8)、第二隔磁气隙(10)组成，转子铁芯(7)沿圆周方向均布有偶数个磁极组，磁极组包括第一磁极组和第二磁极组，第一磁极组和第二磁极组外侧面的极性以N、S极间隔排列的方式分布；
    所述第一磁极组包括两个第一矩形永磁钢(3)、一个第二矩形永磁钢(4)和两个第一隔磁气隙(8)，所述第二磁极组包括一个第二矩形永磁钢(4)和两个第二隔磁气隙(10)，所述第一磁极组的极弧小于所述第二磁极组的极弧，所述第一矩形永磁钢(3)为非径向结构；
    所述两个第一矩形永磁钢(3)的外端之间的距离大于所述两个第一矩形永磁钢(3)的内端之间的距离，两个第一矩形永磁钢(3)为轴对称结构；
    所述第二矩形永磁钢为切向结构且关于直径对称，第二矩形永磁钢(4)的中心与所述转轴的中心的距离小于所述第一矩形永磁钢(3)的中心与所述转轴的中心的距离，第二矩形永磁钢(4)的中心与所述转轴的中心的距离大于所述第一矩形永磁钢(3)的内端与所述转轴的中心的距离；第二矩形永磁钢(4)在垂直于直径方向上的长度是所述相邻第一磁极组中的相邻两个第一矩形永磁钢(3)的内端之间长度的1/3～1/2；
    所述两个第一隔磁气隙(8)分别设置于所述第一磁极组中的第二矩形永磁钢(4)的左右两端，第一隔磁气隙(8)横截面为直角三角形，第一隔磁气隙(8)的一端与第二矩形永磁钢(4)连通，第一隔磁气隙(8)的另一端与第一矩形永磁钢(3)不连通；
    所述第二隔磁气隙(10)分别设置于第一矩形永磁钢(3)的内端和第二磁极组中的第二矩形永磁钢(4)左、右两端之间，第二隔磁气隙(10)与第一矩形永磁钢(3)连通，第二隔磁气隙(10)与第二矩形永磁钢(4)不连通，第二矩形永磁钢(4)均转子铁芯(7)压装在轴(1)上。
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