WO2019244905A1 - 活性炭 - Google Patents
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- WO2019244905A1 WO2019244905A1 PCT/JP2019/024171 JP2019024171W WO2019244905A1 WO 2019244905 A1 WO2019244905 A1 WO 2019244905A1 JP 2019024171 W JP2019024171 W JP 2019024171W WO 2019244905 A1 WO2019244905 A1 WO 2019244905A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0214—Compounds of V, Nb, Ta
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
- B01J20/28071—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume being less than 0.5 ml/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
- B01J20/28073—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume being in the range 0.5-1.0 ml/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28088—Pore-size distribution
- B01J20/28092—Bimodal, polymodal, different types of pores or different pore size distributions in different parts of the sorbent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3071—Washing or leaching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/306—Active carbon with molecular sieve properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/145—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from pitch or distillation residues
- D01F9/15—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from pitch or distillation residues from coal pitch
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/42—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/14—Pore volume
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/36—Organic compounds containing halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/18—Removal of treatment agents after treatment
- C02F2303/185—The treatment agent being halogen or a halogenated compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
- C02F2307/06—Mounted on or being part of a faucet, shower handle or showerhead
Definitions
- the present invention relates to activated carbon, and more particularly to activated carbon having an excellent trihalomethane filtration ability under a high superficial tower speed.
- Activated carbon having an excellent filtering ability for organic halogen compounds has a pore volume ratio of 20 to 100 mm (2 nm to 10 nm) to a pore volume of 100 mm (10 nm) or less, for example, 5 to 50%.
- an adsorbent containing porous carbon having a pore volume ratio of 45% or more with a pore diameter of 10 ° (1 nm) or less for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the ratio of the volume of pores having a pore size of 20 to 100 ° to 5 to 50% with respect to the volume of pores having a pore size of 100 ° or less is achieved by increasing the ratio of relatively large pores and increasing the dynamic volume. This is to increase the attractive force.
- the adsorbent since it is necessary to increase the equilibrium adsorption amount, which is the static adsorption force, it is necessary to set the effective pore volume ratio of the pore diameter of 10 mm or less to the static equilibrium adsorption amount to 45% or more. It has been disclosed. It is described that the adsorbent can achieve both a static adsorption force and a dynamic adsorption force by adopting such a configuration.
- the mesopore volume in the range of pore diameter of 30 ° to less than 50 ° is 0.02 to 0.40 cc / g
- Activated carbon in which the ratio of the mesopore volume in the above range to the pore volume is 5 to 45% is known (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- the activated carbon by controlling the volume of the mesopores (pores having a diameter of 2 to 50 nm) and the proportion within the above range, a material suitable for adsorption of various substances to be adsorbed (particularly, trihalomethanes) can be obtained. It is said that you can.
- water filters containing such activated carbon have been required to have a high total trihalomethane filtration capacity.
- a water purification filter is required to have a large total amount of filtered water of total trihalomethane (amount of water required until the removal rate of total trihalomethane is reduced to 80%) in the "test for filtering volatile organic compounds" in JIS S3201. ing.
- the longer the total filtered water amount the longer the usable period (replacement period) of the water purification filter.
- the water purification filter when the water purification filter is for a faucet-integrated water purifier, the water purification filter needs to be downsized. As the water purification filter becomes smaller, the superficial velocity (SV) increases, and it becomes difficult to maintain a high total trihalomethane filtration capacity.
- SV superficial velocity
- the activated carbons disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 increase the volume of pores having a pore diameter of 2 nm or more, so-called mesopores, thereby increasing the dynamic adsorption power and improving the adsorption capacity of total trihalomethane and the like. I have.
- activated carbon disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 where SV is evaluated in terms of 1000h -1, high superficial velocity (e.g., SV about 3000h -1) It has been found that there is a problem that the filtration ability of total trihalomethane cannot be sufficiently exhibited under the conditions described in (1).
- the main object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide an activated carbon having a high total trihalomethane filtration ability and a method for producing the same even in water treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- SV superficial velocity
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 it has been studied to enlarge the mesopores for the purpose of increasing the dynamic adsorption force in order to increase the total trihalomethane adsorption capability. . And in the prior art, in order to promote the activation of the mesopores, the activation has been performed using steam, which is relatively easily activated, as an activation gas. Further, in the prior art, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, for the purpose of promoting the activation of mesopores, it has been considered to include a metal compound in the activated carbon precursor and to activate the activated carbon using steam as an activation gas. I was That is, in the prior art, the metal compound contained in the activated carbon precursor was used to develop mesopores.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and found that a vanadium compound was used as a metal compound to be contained in the activated carbon precursor, and the activated carbon precursor was activated by selecting CO 2 which reacts more slowly than water vapor as an activation gas.
- the growth rate of the pores having a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less is compared. Became significantly larger.
- a vanadium compound was used as a metal compound to be contained in the activated carbon precursor as described above, and the activated carbon precursor was selected as CO 2 , which reacts more slowly than water vapor as an activation gas.
- Activated carbon having a specific range of a pore volume having a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less in the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method requires that the mesopores be developed. In other words, it has been revealed that even in the water passage treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV), it has a high total trihalomethane filtration ability.
- the present invention has been completed by further study based on these findings.
- the present invention provides the following aspects of the invention.
- Item 1 In the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method, the pore volume A (cc / g) having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less is 0.300 cc / g or more, Activated carbon containing vanadium alone and / or a vanadium compound.
- Item 2. Item 2. The activated carbon according to item 1, wherein a pore volume B (cc / g) having a pore diameter in a range of 1.5 nm or less is 0.38 cc / g or more in a pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method.
- Item 3. Item 3.
- Item 4. An activated carbon obtained by washing and removing at least a part of the vanadium simple substance and / or the vanadium compound contained in the activated carbon according to any one of items 1 to 3.
- Item 5. Activated carbon obtained by a method including an activation step of activating an activated carbon precursor containing vanadium at 0.05 to 1.5% by mass in an atmosphere having a CO 2 concentration of 90% by volume or more at a temperature of 900 to 1000 ° C.
- Item 6. Item 6.
- the activated carbon according to item 5 comprising a step of washing and removing at least a part of vanadium simple substance and / or a vanadium compound contained in the activated carbon after the activation step.
- Item 7. Item 7. The activated carbon according to any one of Items 1 to 6, having a total trihalomethane filtration capacity of 50 L / g or more.
- Item 8. Item 8. The activated carbon according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the activated carbon is a fibrous activated carbon.
- a water purification filter comprising the activated carbon according to any one of items 1 to 9.
- Item 11. Item 11.
- a water purification cartridge comprising the water purification filter according to item 10.
- Item 12. Item 12.
- a water purifier comprising the water purification cartridge according to item 11.
- an activated carbon having a high total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water passage treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- 4 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the activation time and the pore volume of pore diameters in a range of 1.0 nm or less when activated carbon precursor containing a vanadium compound is activated using CO 2 as an activation gas.
- 3 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Example 1 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 4 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Example 2 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 9 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Example 3 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 9 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Example 4 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 9 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Example 5 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 9 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Example 6 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 11 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Example 7 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 5 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Comparative Example 1 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 9 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Comparative Example 2 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 9 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Comparative Example 3 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 9 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Comparative Example 4 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 11 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Comparative Example 5 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 9 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Comparative Example 6 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- 9 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon of Comparative Example 7 calculated by the QSDFT method.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume A (cc / g) of a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.300 cc / g or more, among pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method, and contains vanadium simple substance and And / or contains a vanadium compound.
- the vanadium simple substance and / or the vanadium compound contained in the activated carbon of the present invention is derived from the vanadium compound contained in the activated carbon precursor before activation.
- at least a portion of the vanadium simple substance and / or the vanadium compound contained in the activated carbon may be removed by washing.
- the pore volume refers to a pore volume calculated by a QSDFT method (quenched solid density functional theory).
- the QSDFT method is an analysis method capable of calculating the pore size distribution from about 0.5 nm to about 40 nm for the analysis of the pore size of microporous and mesoporous carbon that is irregular geometrically and chemically.
- the QSDFT method is a method in which the accuracy of the pore diameter distribution analysis has been greatly improved because the influence of the roughness and unevenness of the pore surface is clearly considered.
- measurement of a nitrogen adsorption isotherm is performed using “AUTOSORB-1-MP” manufactured by Quantachrome, and pore size distribution analysis is performed by a QSDFT method.
- a specific pore size range is calculated by calculating a pore size distribution by applying N 2 at 77 K on carbon [slit pore, QSDFT equilibrium model] as a calculation model.
- the pore volume can be calculated.
- FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the activation time and the pore volume of pores in a range of 1.0 nm or less when activated carbon precursor containing a vanadium compound is activated using CO 2 as an activation gas.
- the vanadium compound greatly affects the development of pores having a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less. The fact that the behavior of the development of pores of 0 nm or less is completely different from that in the case where another metal compound is used is described.
- the content of vanadium was 0.094% by mass.
- 10 g of the obtained activated carbon precursor was charged into an activation furnace (capacity: 0.044 m 3 ), and an introduced gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume and a temperature of about 20 ° C. was supplied at a flow rate of about 15 L / min (0 ° C. and 1 atm conversion). It was introduced into the activation furnace.
- Activation was performed by heat treatment at 950 ° C. in an activation furnace for 15 minutes to obtain activated carbon under the condition 1-1.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.280 cc / g.
- Activated carbon under the condition 1-2 was obtained in the same manner as the condition 1-1 except that the activation time was 25 minutes.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.401 cc / g.
- Activated carbon under conditions 1-3 was obtained in the same manner as in conditions 1-1, except that the activation time was changed to 40 minutes.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.500 cc / g.
- an activated carbon precursor as infusible pitch fibers was obtained.
- the content of vanadium was 0.09% by mass
- the content of yttrium was 0.011% by mass.
- 10 g of the obtained activated carbon precursor was charged into an activation furnace (capacity: 0.044 m 3 ), and an introduced gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume and a temperature of about 20 ° C. was supplied at a flow rate of about 15 L / min (0 ° C. and 1 atm conversion). It was introduced into the activation furnace.
- Activation was performed by performing a heat treatment at 950 ° C. for 25 minutes in an activation furnace to obtain activated carbon under condition 2-1.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.378 cc / g.
- Activated carbon under the condition 2-2 was obtained in the same manner as the condition 2-1 except that the activation time was changed to 38 minutes.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.427 cc / g.
- Activated carbon under the condition 2-3 was obtained in the same manner as the condition 2-1 except that the activation time was changed to 44 minutes.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.442 cc / g.
- ⁇ Condition 3-1 Zn addition>
- 1.3 parts by mass of zinc caprylate (CAS number: 557-09-5) as a metal component was added to 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280 ° C. and mixed, followed by melt extrusion.
- the mixture was melt-mixed at a melting temperature of 320 ° C. and spun at a discharge rate of 16 g / min to obtain pitch fibers.
- the obtained pitch fibers were heated in the air from room temperature to 354 ° C. at a rate of 1 to 30 ° C./min for 54 minutes to perform infusibilization treatment, and an activated carbon precursor as infusible pitch fibers was obtained.
- the content of zinc was 0.19% by mass.
- 10 g of the obtained activated carbon precursor was charged into an activation furnace (capacity: 0.044 m 3 ), and an introduced gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume and a temperature of about 20 ° C. was supplied at a flow rate of about 15 L / min (0 ° C. and 1 atm conversion). It was introduced into the activation furnace.
- Activation was carried out by performing a heat treatment at 950 ° C. for 25 minutes in an activation furnace to obtain activated carbon under condition 3-1.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less was 0.258 cc / g.
- ⁇ Condition 4-1 Zr addition>
- a mixture of 0.8 parts by mass of acetylacetonatozirconium (CAS number: 17501-44-9) mixed with 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280 ° C. was supplied to a melt extruder.
- the mixture was melt-mixed at a melting temperature of 320 ° C. and spun at a discharge rate of 16 g / min to obtain pitch fibers.
- the obtained pitch fibers were heated in the air from room temperature to 354 ° C. at a rate of 1 to 30 ° C./min for 54 minutes to perform infusibilization treatment, and an activated carbon precursor as infusible pitch fibers was obtained.
- the content of zirconium was 0.19% by mass.
- 10 g of the obtained activated carbon precursor is charged into an activation furnace (capacity: 0.044 m3), and an introduced gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume and a temperature of about 20 ° C. is activated at a flow rate of about 15 L / min (converted to 0 ° C. and 1 atm). It was introduced into the furnace.
- Activation was carried out by heat treatment at 950 ° C. for 25 minutes in an activation furnace to obtain activated carbon under condition 4-1.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.259 cc / g.
- Activated carbon under the condition 4-2 was obtained in the same manner as the condition 4-1 except that the activation time was changed to 40 minutes.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.315 cc / g.
- Activated carbon under the condition 4-3 was obtained in the same manner as the condition 4-1 except that the activation time was changed to 60 minutes.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.367 cc / g.
- ⁇ Condition 5-1 As an organic material, a mixture obtained by adding and mixing 1.0 part by mass of trisacetylacetonatoittrium (CAS number: 15554-47-9) as a metal component with respect to 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280 ° C.
- the pitch fibers were supplied to a melt extruder, melt-mixed at a melting temperature of 320 ° C., and spun at a discharge rate of 16 g / min to obtain pitch fibers. The obtained pitch fibers were heated in the air from room temperature to 354 ° C.
- an activated carbon precursor as infusible pitch fibers was obtained.
- the content of yttrium was 0.16% by mass.
- 10 g of the obtained activated carbon precursor is charged into an activation furnace (capacity: 0.044 m3), and an introduced gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume and a temperature of about 20 ° C. is activated at a flow rate of about 15 L / min (converted to 0 ° C. and 1 atm). It was introduced into the furnace.
- Activation was performed by heat treatment at 950 ° C. for 25 minutes in an activation furnace to obtain activated carbon under the condition 5-1.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.278 cc / g.
- Condition 5-2 Activated carbon of Condition 5-2 was obtained in the same manner as in Condition 5-1 except that the activation time was changed to 32 minutes.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.302 cc / g.
- Activated carbon under the condition 5-3 was obtained in the same manner as the condition 5-1 except that the activation time was 40 minutes.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.352 cc / g.
- the metal content of the activated carbon precursor is 0% by mass.
- 10 g of the obtained activated carbon precursor was charged into an activation furnace (capacity: 0.044 m 3 ), and an introduced gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume and a temperature of about 20 ° C. was supplied at a flow rate of about 15 L / min (0 ° C. and 1 atm conversion). It was introduced into the activation furnace.
- Activation was performed by heat treatment at 950 ° C. for 60 minutes in an activation furnace to obtain activated carbon under the condition 6-1.
- the pore volume A of the obtained activated carbon having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less was 0.311 cc / g.
- the rate of development of pores having pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less was remarkably increased as compared with the other conditions. From these, when a vanadium compound is used as the metal compound to be contained in the activated carbon precursor and activated with CO 2 , the vanadium compound greatly affects the development of pores having a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less.
- the vanadium compound used as the metal compound contained in the activated carbon precursor by selecting the CO 2 that slowly react than steam as activating gas, the activated carbon precursor, Activated carbon activated and having a specific range of pore volume A having a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less in the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method can be used without having to develop mesopores. It was also found that the system has a high total trihalomethane filtration capability even in a water passage treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- SV superficial velocity
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a high total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV) is not necessarily clear, but as described above, the fine pores having a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less have a small diameter. Since the behavior of the pores is completely different, it is assumed that the shape, the amount, the structure, etc. of the pores are completely different from the conventional ones. It is believed that the treatment also has a high total trihalomethane filtration capability. In particular, since the product of the present invention has many pores in a range of 1.0 nm or less, it is considered that the pores effectively contribute as an adsorption site for total trihalomethane molecules.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume A having a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less in the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method of 0.3 cc / g or more, and has a large superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume A is preferably 0.35 cc / g or more from the viewpoint of making it easier to have a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in the water passing treatment.
- the upper limit of the pore volume A is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.8 cc / g, preferably 0.6 cc / g.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume of 0.65 nm in the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a large superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume having a pore diameter in the following range is preferably from 0.10 cc / g to 0.40 cc / g, more preferably from 0.18 cc / g to 0.40 cc / g, and more preferably from 0.15 cc / g to 0. 0.23 cc / g or less, more preferably 0.18 cc / g or more and 0.23 cc / g or less.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume of 0.8 nm among pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in water treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume having a pore diameter in the following range is preferably from 0.20 cc / g to 0.55 cc / g, more preferably from 0.25 cc / g to 0.55 cc / g, and more preferably from 0.28 cc / g to 0. .35 cc / g or less is more preferable.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has 1.5 nm of the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in the water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume B having a pore diameter in the following range is preferably 0.25 cc / g or more, more preferably 0.38 cc / g or more, and even more preferably 0.38 cc / g or more and 0.60 cc / g or less.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has 2.0 nm of the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the viewpoint of making it easier to have a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a large superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume C having a pore diameter in the following range is preferably 0.25 cc / g or more, more preferably 0.38 cc / g or more and 0.60 cc / g or less.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has 2.0 nm of the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the viewpoint of making it easier to have a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a large superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume of the pore diameter in the above range is preferably 0.02 cc / g or less, more preferably 0.01 cc / g or less, and still more preferably 0.005 cc / g or less.
- the lower limit of the pore volume is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.001 cc / g.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has 1.0 nm of the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the viewpoint of making it easier to have a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume having a pore diameter of not less than 1.5 nm and not more than 1.5 nm is preferably not less than 0.01 cc / g and not more than 0.12 cc / g.
- the pore volume of the pore diameter in the range of 1.0 nm or more and 1.5 nm or less is preferably 0.01 cc / g or more and 0.06 cc / g or less from the viewpoint of further exhibiting the chloroform filtration ability. preferable.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has 1.0 nm of the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the viewpoint of making it easier to have a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume having a pore diameter in the range of not less than 2.0 nm and not more than 2.0 nm is preferably in the range of 0.015 cc / g to 0.14 cc / g.
- the pore volume of the pore diameter in the range of 1.0 nm or more and 2.0 nm or less is preferably 0.015 cc / g or more and 0.08 cc / g or less from the viewpoint of further exhibiting the chloroform filtration ability. preferable.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume of 0.65 nm in the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a large superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume having a pore diameter in the range from 0.8 to 0.8 nm is preferably from 0.08 cc / g to 0.15 cc / g, and more preferably from 0.100 cc / g to 0.130 cc / g.
- the pore volume of the pore diameter in the range of 0.65 nm or more and 0.8 nm or less is 0.100 cc / g or more and 0.125 cc / g or less from the viewpoint of more exerting the chloroform filtration ability. preferable.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume of 0.65 nm in the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a large superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume having a pore diameter in the range of not less than 1.0 nm and not more than 0.060 cc / g is preferably not more than 0.250 cc / g, and more preferably not less than 0.100 cc / g and not more than 0.250 cc / g.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume of 0.8 nm among pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in water treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume having a pore diameter in the range of not less than 1.5 nm and not more than 1.5 nm is preferably from 0.01 cc / g to 0.22 cc / g.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has 1.5 nm of the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in the water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume D having a pore diameter in the range of from 2.0 nm to 2.0 nm is preferably from 0.000 cc / g to 0.04 cc / g, more preferably from 0.001 cc / g to 0.04 cc / g.
- the pore volume D having a pore diameter in the range of 1.5 nm or more and 2.0 nm or less is 0.001 cc / g or more and 0.01 cc / g or less. Is preferred.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a specific surface area (value measured by the BET method (one-point method) using nitrogen as the substance to be adsorbed) of, for example, about 500 to 3000 m 2 / g, preferably 700. About 3000 m 2 / g, more preferably about 700 to 1700 m 2 / g, still more preferably about 800 to 1300 m 2 / g, and particularly preferably about 900 to 1300 m 2 / g.
- the total pore volume of the activated carbon calculated by the QSDFT method is, for example, about 0.20 to 0.80 cc / g, preferably about 0.35 to 0.80 cc / g, and more preferably about 0.35 to 0.80 cc / g. About 350 to 0.600 cc / g, more preferably about 0.380 to 0.600 cc / g, and particularly preferably about 0.380 to 0.520 cc / g.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a ratio (fine) of the pore volume A and the pore volume B from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume A / pore volume B) is from 0.75 to 1.00, preferably from 0.80 to 0.95.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a ratio (fine) of the pore volume A and the pore volume C from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a large superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume A / pore volume C) is from 0.75 to 1.00, preferably from 0.75 to 0.95. Further, the ratio can be set to 0.75 to 0.89.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a ratio (fine) of the pore volume A and the pore volume D from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- the pore volume D / pore volume A) is preferably 0.00 to 0.07, 0.01 to 0.07.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a ratio of the fine pore volume A to the total fine pore volume (fine) in view of facilitating a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- SV superficial velocity
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a ratio (fineness) of the pore volume B to the total pore volume from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- SV superficial velocity
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a ratio of the fine pore volume C to the total fine pore volume (fine) in terms of facilitating a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV). (Pore volume C / total pore volume) is 0.98 to 1.00.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a ratio (fineness) of the pore volume D to the total pore volume from the viewpoint of facilitating a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- SV superficial velocity
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method with respect to the total pore volume from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water passage treatment at a large superficial velocity (SV).
- the ratio of the pore volume of the pore diameter in the range of 0.65 nm or less is 0.3 to 0.8. , 0.3 to 0.52.
- the above ratio is preferably from 0.42 to 0.52 from the viewpoint of further exhibiting the chloroform filtration ability.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method with respect to the total pore volume from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability even in a water passage treatment at a large superficial velocity (SV).
- the ratio of the pore volume of the pore diameter in the range of 0.8 nm or less is 0.5 to 0.98. , 0.5 to 0.78.
- the above ratio is preferably from 0.68 to 0.78 from the viewpoint of further exhibiting the chloroform filtration ability.
- the activated carbon of the present invention contains vanadium alone and / or a vanadium compound.
- the vanadium simple substance and / or the vanadium compound is derived from the yttrium compound contained in the activated carbon precursor before activation.
- the ratio (total) of the mass of vanadium simple substance and vanadium compound contained in the activated carbon to the total mass of the activated carbon of the present invention is, for example, 0.01 to 1.0 mass%, and 0.01 to 0 mass%. 0.3% by mass.
- the above ratio is a ratio in terms of vanadium element (that is, the content of vanadium) measured by an ICP emission spectrometer (Model 715-ES manufactured by Varian).
- ICP emission spectrometer Model 715-ES manufactured by Varian.
- at least a part of the vanadium simple substance and / or the vanadium compound contained in the activated carbon may be removed by washing.
- the activated carbon obtained by washing and removing vanadium alone and / or the vanadium compound may have a mass ratio (total) of vanadium alone and the vanadium compound of 0.00 mass%.
- the activated carbon of the present invention may also contain a simple substance other than vanadium and / or a metal compound other than vanadium as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a metal simple substance other than vanadium and / or the metal compound other than vanadium for example, Y (yttrium), Mg (magnesium), Mn (manganese), La (lanthanum), Zr (zirconium), Ce (Cerium), Ti (titanium), Co (cobalt), and one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Fe (iron).
- the elemental metal other than the vanadium and / or the metal compound other than the vanadium are derived from those contained in the activated carbon precursor before activation, like the elemental vanadium and / or the vanadium compound contained in the activated carbon of the present invention. It is.
- a micropore volume of 1.0 nm or less is largely maintained by the effect of vanadium, and yttrium is further improved. Due to the effect of the above, the somewhat large pores can be appropriately distributed, and these slightly large pores assist the diffusion of the substance to be adsorbed in the pores. It is preferred because it is advantageous.
- the ratio (total) of the mass of the single metal other than vanadium and the metal compound other than vanadium to the total mass of the activated carbon is as follows. For example, 0.001 to 0.05% by mass.
- the above ratio is a ratio in terms of the metal element (that is, a content of the metal) measured by an ICP emission spectrometer (Model 715-ES manufactured by Varian).
- the ratio (total) of the mass of vanadium simple substance and vanadium compound contained in the activated carbon to the total mass of the activated carbon of the present invention, the metal simple substance other than vanadium contained in the activated carbon and vanadium is large. Also in the water passage treatment at the tower speed (SV), 5 to 12 is preferably mentioned from the viewpoint of easily having a higher total trihalomethane filtration ability.
- the form of the activated carbon of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include granular activated carbon, powdered activated carbon, and fibrous activated carbon. It is more preferable to use fibrous activated carbon from the viewpoints of workability when used after filtering and adsorption speed when used in a water purifier.
- the average fiber diameter of the fibrous activated carbon is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average fiber diameter of the fibrous activated carbon of the present invention is a value measured by an image processing fiber diameter measuring device (based on JIS K 1477).
- an integrated volume percentage D 50 measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method is 0.01 to 5 mm.
- the activated carbon of the present invention which has a pore volume A having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.3 cc / g or more and contains vanadium alone and / or a vanadium compound, Activated carbon having a high total trihalomethane filtration ability can be obtained even in a water passage treatment at a large superficial velocity (SV).
- the total trihalomethane filtration capacity of the activated carbon of the present invention in the flow-through treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV) includes, for example, 50 to 90 L / g in the case of SV 3000 h -1 , and preferably 60 to 80 L / g. No.
- the water temperature is controlled at 20 ° C. ⁇ 1 ° C., and water is passed through the activated carbon column at a superficial velocity of 3000 h ⁇ 1 .
- concentrations of the sample water and the filtered water are measured by a headspace method using a non-radiation source type electron capture detector (GC7000EN, manufactured by J-Science Laboratories).
- GC7000EN non-radiation source type electron capture detector
- the sample water is continuously passed until the total trihalomethane removal rate of the filtered water falls below 80%, and the flow rate (L / g) at a removal rate of 80% is defined as the total trihalomethane adsorption capacity of the activated carbon.
- the chloroform filtration capability of the activated carbon of the present invention in the water passage treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV) includes, for example, 45 to 90 L / g in the case of SV3000h- 1 , and 50 to 70 L / g. Preferred are mentioned.
- the chloroform filtration capacity (L / g) is measured by the following method. That is, the activated carbon is dried in a dryer at 105 ° C. for 2 hours or more, 3.0 g is collected, beaten with a mixer, and then filled in a glass column. A glass column having a diameter of 25 mm is used and packed so as to have a height of 41 mm. Prepare a sample water with a chloroform concentration of 60 ⁇ 12 ppb based on JIS-S-3201 “Test method for household water purifier”, control the water temperature at 20 ° C. ⁇ 1 ° C., and pass it through an activated carbon column at a superficial velocity of 3000 h ⁇ 1. Water.
- the concentrations of the sample water and the filtered water are measured by a headspace method using a non-radiation source type electron capture detector (GC7000EN, manufactured by J-Science Laboratories).
- GC7000EN non-radiation source type electron capture detector
- the sample water is continuously passed until the chloroform removal rate of the filtered water falls below 80%, and the flow rate (L / g) at the removal rate of 80% is defined as the chloroform adsorption capacity of the activated carbon.
- the method for producing activated carbon of the present invention includes a step of activating a activated carbon precursor containing vanadium at 0.05 to 1.5% by mass at a temperature of 900 to 1000 ° C. in an atmosphere having a CO 2 concentration of 90% by volume or more.
- the activated carbon of the present invention includes a method including an activation step of activating an activated carbon precursor containing vanadium in an amount of 0.05 to 1.5% by mass at a temperature of 900 to 1000 ° C. in an atmosphere having a CO 2 concentration of 90% by volume or more.
- Activated carbon obtained by the method described above.
- the activated carbon may be obtained by a method including a step of washing and removing at least a part of vanadium simple substance and / or a vanadium compound contained in the activated carbon after the activation step.
- Patent Document 2 also discloses an activated carbon precursor containing at least one metal component of Mg, Mn, Fe, Y, Pt and Gd in order to set the volume of pores having a pore diameter of 30 ° or more and less than 50 ° in a specific range.
- a method for activating a body under an atmosphere in which nitrogen and saturated steam are present is disclosed.
- the pore volume of the pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less is reduced in order to increase the volume of the mesopore, and the filtration capacity of the total trihalomethane under the condition of high superficial velocity is not sufficient. I can't show it.
- an activated carbon precursor containing 0.05 to 1.5% by mass of vanadium is activated using an activation gas containing 90% by volume or more of CO 2 which reacts more slowly than steam.
- an activation gas containing 90% by volume or more of CO 2 which reacts more slowly than steam.
- the main raw material of the activated carbon precursor is not particularly limited.
- an infusible or carbonized organic material an infusible resin such as a phenol resin, and the like can be used.
- the organic material include polyacrylonitrile, pitch, polyvinyl alcohol, and cellulose. From the viewpoint of the theoretical carbonization yield during carbonization, pitch is preferable, and among the pitches, coal pitch is particularly preferable.
- the content of the vanadium in the activated carbon precursor is preferably 0.08 to 1.0% by mass.
- Vanadium can be contained by mixing vanadium alone or a vanadium compound with the main raw material of the activated carbon precursor.
- the vanadium compound to be mixed with the main raw material of the activated carbon precursor includes, as a constituent metal element of vanadium, a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, a metal halide, an inorganic metal compound such as a metal sulfate, and an organic acid such as acetic acid. Examples thereof include salts with metals and organic metal compounds.
- the organic metal compound examples include metal acetylacetonate, an aromatic metal compound, and the like. Among them, it is preferable to use an organometallic compound from the viewpoint of highly dispersing the metal in the activated carbon precursor and obtaining activated carbon having a high total trihalomethane filtration ability even in water passing treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- SV superficial velocity
- the organometallic compound a metal complex having a ⁇ -diketone compound as a ligand is more preferable.
- the ⁇ -diketone type compound examples include those having a structure represented by the following formulas (1) to (3), and specific examples include acetylacetone.
- the activated carbon of the present invention further contains yttrium alone and / or an yttrium compound
- it may be obtained by mixing vanadium alone or a vanadium compound with yttrium alone and / or an yttrium compound with a main raw material of an activated carbon precursor. What is necessary is just to contain.
- the yttrium compound to be mixed with the main raw material of the activated carbon precursor similarly to the vanadium compound, inorganic metal compounds such as metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal halides, and metal sulfates containing yttrium as a constituent metal element. And salts of metals with organic acids such as acetic acid and the like, and organic metal compounds.
- the organic metal compound examples include metal acetylacetonate, an aromatic metal compound, and the like. Among them, it is preferable to use an organometallic compound from the viewpoint of highly dispersing the metal in the activated carbon precursor and obtaining activated carbon having a high total trihalomethane filtration ability even in water passing treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- SV superficial velocity
- the organometallic compound a metal complex having a ⁇ -diketone compound as a ligand is more preferable.
- the ⁇ -diketone type compound examples include those having a structure represented by the following formulas (1) to (3), and specific examples include acetylacetone.
- the activation atmosphere has a CO 2 concentration of 90% by volume or more, preferably 95% by volume or more, more preferably 99% by volume or more.
- CO 2 when used as an activation gas, the reaction proceeds slowly. Therefore, the higher the CO 2 concentration, the easier it is to adjust the pore size distribution, and the easier it is to obtain the activated carbon of the present invention.
- the activation atmosphere temperature is usually about 900 to 1000 ° C., preferably about 900 to 980 ° C.
- the activation time may be adjusted so as to have a predetermined pore size distribution according to the main raw material of the activated carbon precursor, the content of the metal compound, the CO 2 concentration in the activation gas, and the like. For example, assuming that the softening point as the main raw material of the activated carbon precursor using a pitch of 275 ° C. ⁇ 288 ° C., from 0.1 to 1.5 parts by mass
- the pitch fiber is incinerated, the ash is dissolved in acid, and the vanadium element-converted ratio and the yttrium element-converted ratio measured by an ICP emission spectrometer (Model 715-ES manufactured by Varian) are respectively defined as vanadium content and vanadium content.
- the yttrium content was determined.
- Pore volume (cc / g), specific surface area (m 2 / g), fiber diameter of fibrous activated carbon ( ⁇ m) The pore physical property values were measured from a nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77 K using “AUTOSORB-1-MP” manufactured by Quantachrome. The specific surface area was calculated from the measurement point at a relative pressure of 0.1 by the BET method. The total pore volume and the pore volume in each pore diameter range described in Table 1 were determined by applying N 2 at 77K on carbon [slit pore, QSDFT equilibrium model] as a calculation model to the measured nitrogen desorption isotherm. It was analyzed by calculating the pore size distribution.
- the pore volume in each pore diameter range described in Table 1 is a read value of a graph showing the pore diameter distribution shown in FIGS. 1 to 11 or a value calculated from the read value. More specifically, the pore volume with a pore diameter of 0.65 nm or less is a reading of Cumulative Pore Volume (cc / g) when the horizontal axis Pore Width of the pore diameter distribution diagram is 0.65 nm.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter of 2.0 nm or more was calculated by subtracting the pore volume C with a pore diameter of 2.0 nm or less from the total pore volume obtained by the QSDFT method.
- the pore volume in the range of the pore diameter of 1.0 nm or more and 1.5 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume A of the pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less from the pore volume B of the pore diameter of 1.5 nm or less.
- the pore volume in the range of the pore diameter of 1.0 nm or more and 2.0 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume A of the pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less from the pore volume C of the pore diameter of 2.0 nm or less.
- the pore volume of the pore diameter in the range of 0.65 nm or more and 0.8 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume of the pore diameter of 0.65 nm or less from the pore volume of 0.8 nm or less.
- the pore volume of the pore diameter in the range of 0.65 nm or more and 1.0 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume of the pore diameter of 0.65 nm or less from the pore volume A of 1.0 nm or less.
- the pore volume of the pore diameter in the range of 0.8 nm to 1.5 nm was calculated by subtracting the pore volume of the pore diameter of 0.8 nm or less from the pore volume B of the pore diameter of 1.5 nm or less.
- the pore volume having a pore diameter in the range of 1.5 nm or more and 2.0 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume B having the pore diameter of 1.5 nm or less from the pore volume C having the pore diameter of 2.0 nm or less. .
- Fiber diameter of fibrous activated carbon ( ⁇ m) It was measured by an image processing fiber diameter measuring device (based on JIS K1277).
- Total trihalomethane filtration capacity (L / g) After drying the fibrous activated carbon with a dryer at 105 ° C. for 2 hours or more, 3.0 g was collected, beaten with a mixer, and filled in a glass column. The glass column used had a diameter of 25 mm and was packed to a height of 41 mm.
- Prepare a sample water having a concentration of 100 ⁇ 20 ppb in total trihalomethane (CHCl 3 : CHCl 2 Br: CHClBr 2 : CHBr 3 45: 30: 20: 5) based on JIS-S-3201 “Test method for household water purifier”. Then, the water temperature was controlled at 20 ° C.
- the concentrations of the sample water and the filtered water were measured by a headspace method using a non-radiation source type electron capture detector (GC7000EN, manufactured by J-Science Lab Co., Ltd.).
- GC7000EN non-radiation source type electron capture detector
- the sample water was continuously passed until the chloroform removal rate of the filtered water was less than 80%, and the flow rate (L / g) at the removal rate of 80% was taken as the chloroform adsorption capacity of the activated carbon.
- Example 1 As an organic material, bis (2,4-pentanedionato) vanadium (IV) oxide (CAS number: 3153-26-2) 0.6 part by mass per 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280 ° C. , And 0.06 parts by mass of trisacetylacetonatoittrium (CAS number: 15554-47-9) are supplied to a melt extruder and melt-mixed at a melting temperature of 320 ° C., and a discharge amount of 16 g / The pitch fiber was obtained by spinning at min. The obtained pitch fibers were heated in the air from room temperature to 354 ° C.
- an activated carbon precursor as infusible pitch fibers was obtained.
- the content of vanadium was 0.09% by mass
- the content of yttrium was 0.011% by mass.
- the activated carbon precursor thus obtained was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into the activation furnace and performing a heat treatment at an atmosphere temperature of 950 ° C. for 25 minutes to obtain the activated carbon of Example 1. .
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.378 cc / g, a vanadium content of 0.16 mass%, among pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method.
- the content of yttrium was 0.02% by mass, and the average fiber diameter was 13.6 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 Activated carbon of Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the activation time was 38 minutes.
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.427 cc / g and a vanadium content of 0.19% by mass, among pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method.
- the yttrium content was 0.02% by mass, and the average fiber diameter was 13.1 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 Activated carbon of Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the activation time was set to 44 minutes.
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.442 cc / g and a vanadium content of 0.22 mass%, among pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method.
- the yttrium content was 0.03% by mass, and the average fiber diameter was 13.0 ⁇ m.
- Example 4 As an organic material, bis (2,4-pentanedionato) vanadium (IV) oxide (CAS number: 3153-26-2) 0.6 part by mass per 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280 ° C. was supplied to a melt extruder, melt-mixed at a melting temperature of 320 ° C., and spun at a discharge rate of 16 g / min to obtain pitch fibers. The obtained pitch fibers were heated in the air from room temperature to 354 ° C. at a rate of 1 to 30 ° C./min for 54 minutes to perform infusibilization treatment, and an activated carbon precursor as infusible pitch fibers was obtained. In the activated carbon precursor, the content of vanadium was 0.09% by mass.
- the obtained activated carbon precursor was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into an activation furnace and performing a heat treatment at an atmosphere temperature of 950 ° C. for 25 minutes to obtain an activated carbon of Example 4. .
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.401 cc / g and a vanadium content of 0.17% by mass, among pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method.
- the average fiber diameter was 13.9 ⁇ m.
- Example 5 Activated carbon of Example 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the activation time was changed to 44 minutes.
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.533 cc / g, a vanadium content of 0.22% by mass, among pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method.
- the average fiber diameter was 13.2 ⁇ m.
- Example 6 As an organic material, bis (2,4-pentanedionato) vanadium (IV) oxide (CAS number: 3153-26-2) 0.6 part by mass per 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280 ° C. The mixture was supplied to a melt extruder, melt-mixed at a melting temperature of 325 ° C., and spun at a discharge rate of 16 g / min to obtain pitch fibers. The obtained pitch fiber was gradually heated to 364 ° C. in the air and held for a total of 87 minutes to perform infusibilization treatment, thereby obtaining an activated carbon precursor as an infusibilized pitch fiber. In the activated carbon precursor, the content of vanadium was 0.10% by mass.
- the activated carbon precursor thus obtained was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into an activation furnace and performing a heat treatment at an atmosphere temperature of 950 ° C. for 50 minutes to obtain an activated carbon of Example 6. .
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.381 cc / g and a vanadium content of 0.29% by mass, among pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method.
- the average fiber diameter was 13.6 ⁇ m.
- Example 7 As an organic material, bis (2,4-pentanedionato) vanadium (IV) oxide (CAS number: 3153-26-2) 0.6 part by mass per 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280 ° C. The mixture was supplied to a melt extruder, melt-mixed at a melting temperature of 325 ° C., and spun at a discharge rate of 16 g / min to obtain pitch fibers. The obtained pitch fiber was heated stepwise to 335 ° C. in the air and held for a total of 87 minutes to perform infusibilization treatment, thereby obtaining an activated carbon precursor as an infusibilized pitch fiber. In the activated carbon precursor, the content of vanadium was 0.08% by mass.
- the activated carbon precursor thus obtained was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into the activation furnace and performing a heat treatment at an atmosphere temperature of 950 ° C. for 50 minutes to obtain an activated carbon of Example 7. .
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.393 cc / g, a vanadium content of 0.21 mass%, among pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method.
- the average fiber diameter was 13.7 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 A test simulating Example 5 of Patent Document 2 was performed. Specifically, as an organic material, a mixture obtained by mixing 1.3 parts by mass of trisacetylacetonatoittrium (CAS number: 15554-47-9) with 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280 ° C. is melted. The pitch fiber was supplied to an extruder, melt-mixed at a melting temperature of 320 ° C., and spun at a discharge rate of 20 g / min to obtain a pitch fiber. The obtained pitch fibers were heated in the air from room temperature to 354 ° C. at a rate of 1 to 30 ° C./min for 54 minutes to perform infusibilization treatment, and an activated carbon precursor as infusible pitch fibers was obtained. In the activated carbon precursor, the content of vanadium was 0.00% by mass.
- the activated carbon precursor thus obtained was activated by continuously introducing a gas having an H 2 O concentration of 100% by volume into the activation furnace and performing a heat treatment at an ambient temperature of 900 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain the activated carbon of Comparative Example 1. Obtained.
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.241 cc / g and a vanadium content of 0.00% by mass, among pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method.
- the average fiber diameter was 16.5 ⁇ m.
- the activated carbon precursor thus obtained was activated by continuously introducing a gas having an H 2 O concentration of 100% by volume into the activation furnace and performing a heat treatment at an atmosphere temperature of 875 ° C. for 40 minutes to obtain the activated carbon of Comparative Example 2. Obtained.
- the obtained activated carbon had a pore volume A of a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.401 cc / g, a vanadium content of 0.00% by mass, and an average fiber diameter of 16.7 ⁇ m.
- the activated carbon precursor thus obtained was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into the activation furnace and performing a heat treatment at an atmosphere temperature of 950 ° C. for 60 minutes to obtain an activated carbon of Comparative Example 3.
- the obtained activated carbon had a pore volume A of a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.311 cc / g, a vanadium content of 0.00% by mass, and an average fiber diameter of 18.5 ⁇ m.
- the obtained activated carbon precursor was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into the activation furnace and heat-treating it at an atmosphere temperature of 950 ° C. for 67 minutes to obtain the activated carbon of Comparative Example 4.
- the obtained activated carbon had a pore volume A of a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.418 cc / g, a vanadium content of 0.00% by mass, and an average fiber diameter of 16.8 ⁇ m.
- the activated carbon precursor thus obtained was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into an activation furnace and performing a heat treatment at an atmosphere temperature of 950 ° C. for 70 minutes to obtain an activated carbon of Comparative Example 5.
- the obtained activated carbon had a pore volume A of a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.431 cc / g, a vanadium content of 0.00% by mass, and an average fiber diameter of 16.8 ⁇ m.
- the activated carbon precursor thus obtained was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into an activation furnace and performing heat treatment at an atmosphere temperature of 950 ° C. for 60 minutes to obtain an activated carbon of Comparative Example 6.
- the obtained activated carbon had a pore volume A having a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less of 0.429 cc / g, a vanadium content of 0.00% by mass, and a fiber diameter of 18.2 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Example 7 As an organic material, a mixture of 1.0 part by mass of trisacetylacetonatoittrium (CAS number: 3153-26-2) mixed with 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280 ° C. is supplied to a melt extruder. Then, the mixture was melt-mixed at a melting temperature of 320 ° C. and spun at a discharge rate of 19 g / min to obtain pitch fibers. The obtained pitch fibers were heated in the air from room temperature to 354 ° C. at a rate of 1 to 30 ° C./min for 54 minutes to perform infusibilization treatment, and an activated carbon precursor as infusible pitch fibers was obtained. In the activated carbon precursor, the content of vanadium was 0.00% by mass.
- the activated carbon precursor thus obtained was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 50% by volume and a H 2 O concentration of 50% by volume into an activation furnace and heat-treating it at an atmosphere temperature of 950 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- the activated carbon of Comparative Example 7 was obtained.
- the obtained activated carbon had a pore volume A having a pore diameter in a range of 1.0 nm or less of 0.255 cc / g, a vanadium content of 0.00% by mass, and an average fiber diameter of 14.6 ⁇ m.
- the pore volume A (cc / g) having a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less among the pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method is 0.300 cc / g or more, Activated carbon containing vanadium alone and / or a vanadium compound and having high total trihalomethane filtration ability can be obtained even in a water passage treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV).
- SV superficial velocity
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Abstract
Description
項1. QSDFT法によって算出される細孔容積のうち、1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積A(cc/g)が0.300cc/g以上であり、
バナジウム単体及び/又はバナジウム化合物を含む、活性炭。
項2. QSDFT法によって算出される細孔容積のうち、1.5nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積B(cc/g)が0.38cc/g以上である、項1に記載の活性炭。
項3. 前記細孔容積Bに対する前記細孔容積Aの割合(細孔容積A/細孔容積B)が0.75~1.00である、項1又は2に記載の活性炭。
項4. 項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭に含まれる前記バナジウム単体及び/又は前記バナジウム化合物の少なくとも一部を洗浄除去してなる、活性炭。
項5. バナジウムを0.05~1.5質量%含む活性炭前駆体を、CO2濃度が90容積%以上の雰囲気下、温度900~1000℃で賦活する賦活工程を含む方法によって得られる、活性炭。
項6. 前記賦活工程の後、前記活性炭に含まれるバナジウム単体及び/又はバナジウム化合物の少なくとも一部を洗浄除去する工程を含む、項5に記載の活性炭。
項7. 総トリハロメタンろ過能力が50L/g以上である、項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭。
項8. 前記活性炭が繊維状活性炭である、項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭。
項9. 浄水フィルター用である、項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭。
項10. 項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭を含む、浄水フィルター。
項11. 項10に記載の浄水フィルターを含む、浄水カートリッジ。
項12. 項11に記載の浄水カートリッジを含む、浄水器。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してビス(2,4-ペンタンジオナト)バナジウム(IV)オキシド(CAS番号:3153-26-2)0.6質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量16g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.094質量%であった。得られた活性炭前駆体10gを賦活炉(容積0.044m3)に仕込み、CO2濃度が100容量%、温度約20℃の導入ガスを約15L/min(0℃1気圧換算)の流量で賦活炉内へ導入した。賦活炉内の雰囲気温度950℃で15分間熱処理することにより賦活をおこない、条件1-1の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.280cc/gであった。
賦活時間を25分とした以外は、条件1-1と同様にし、条件1-2の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.401cc/gであった。
賦活時間を40分とした以外は、条件1-1と同様にし、条件1-3の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.500cc/gであった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してビス(2,4-ペンタンジオナト)バナジウム(IV)オキシド(CAS番号:3153-26-2)0.6質量部と、トリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:15554-47-9)0.06質量部と、を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量16g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.09質量%、イットリウムの含有量は0.011質量%であった。得られた活性炭前駆体10gを賦活炉(容積0.044m3)に仕込み、CO2濃度が100容量%、温度約20℃の導入ガスを約15L/min(0℃1気圧換算)の流量で賦活炉内へ導入した。賦活炉内の雰囲気温度950℃で25分間熱処理することにより賦活をおこない、条件2-1の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.378cc/gであった。
賦活時間を38分とした以外は、条件2-1と同様にし、条件2-2の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.427cc/gであった。
賦活時間を44分とした以外は、条件2-1と同様にし、条件2-3の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.442cc/gであった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対して金属成分としてカプリル酸亜鉛(CAS番号:557-09-5)1.3質量部を添加し混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量16g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、亜鉛の含有量は0.19質量%であった。得られた活性炭前駆体10gを賦活炉(容積0.044m3)に仕込み、CO2濃度が100容量%、温度約20℃の導入ガスを約15L/min(0℃1気圧換算)の流量で賦活炉内へ導入した。賦活炉内の雰囲気温度950℃で25分間熱処理することにより賦活をおこない、条件3-1の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.258cc/gであった。
賦活時間を60分とした以外は、条件3-1と同様にし、条件3-2の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.383cc/gであった。
賦活時間を100分とした以外は、条件3-1と同様にし、条件3-3の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.467cc/gであった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してアセチルアセトナトジルコニウム(CAS番号:17501-44-9)0.8質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量16g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、ジルコニウムの含有量は0.19質量%であった。得られた活性炭前駆体10gを賦活炉(容積0.044m3)に仕込み、CO2濃度が100容量%、温度約20℃の導入ガスを約15L/min(0℃1気圧換算)の流量で賦活炉内へ導入した。賦活炉内の雰囲気温度950℃で25分間熱処理することにより賦活をおこない、条件4-1の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.259cc/gであった。
賦活時間を40分とした以外は、条件4-1と同様にし、条件4-2の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.315cc/gであった。
賦活時間を60分とした以外は、条件4-1と同様にし、条件4-3の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.367cc/gであった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対して金属成分としてトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:15554-47-9)1.0質量部を添加し混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量16g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、イットリウムの含有量は0.16質量%であった。得られた活性炭前駆体10gを賦活炉(容積0.044m3)に仕込み、CO2濃度が100容量%、温度約20℃の導入ガスを約15L/min(0℃1気圧換算)の流量で賦活炉内へ導入した。賦活炉内の雰囲気温度950℃で25分間熱処理することにより賦活をおこない、条件5-1の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.278cc/gであった。
賦活時間を32分とした以外は、条件5-1と同様にし、条件5-2の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.302cc/gであった。
賦活時間を40分とした以外は、条件5-1と同様にし、条件5-3の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.352cc/gであった。
<条件6-1:金属未添加>
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量20g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。金属成分は未添加であるため、該活性炭前駆体の金属含有量は0質量%である。得られた活性炭前駆体10gを賦活炉(容積0.044m3)に仕込み、CO2濃度が100容量%、温度約20℃の導入ガスを約15L/min(0℃1気圧換算)の流量で賦活炉内へ導入した。賦活炉内の雰囲気温度950℃で60分間熱処理することにより賦活をおこない、条件6-1の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.311cc/gであった。
賦活時間を90分とした以外は、条件6-1と同様にし、条件6-2の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.428cc/gであった。
賦活時間を125分とした以外は、条件6-1と同様にし、条件6-3の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭の1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aは、0.462cc/gであった。
(1)活性炭前駆体(不融化したピッチ繊維)のバナジウム含有量及びイットリウム含有量(質量%)
ピッチ繊維を灰化処理し、灰分を酸に溶解しICP発光分光分析装置(Varian社製型式715-ES)により測定される、バナジウム元素換算の割合及びイットリウム元素換算の割合をそれぞれバナジウム含有量及びイットリウム含有量とした。
繊維状活性炭を灰化処理し、灰分を酸に溶解しICP発光分光分析装置(Varian社製型式715-ES)により測定されるバナジウム元素換算の割合及びイットリウム元素換算の割合をそれぞれバナジウム含有量及びイットリウム含有量とした。
細孔物性値は、Quantachrome社製「AUTOSORB-1-MP」を用いて77Kにおける窒素吸着等温線より測定した。比表面積はBET法によって相対圧0.1の測定点から計算した。全細孔容積及び表1に記載した各細孔径範囲における細孔容積は、測定した窒素脱着等温線に対し、Calculation modelとしてN2 at 77K on carbon[slit pore,QSDFT equilibrium model]を適用して細孔径分布を計算することで、解析した。具体的に、表1に記載した各細孔径範囲における細孔容積は、図1~11に示した細孔径分布を示すグラフの読み取り値又は該読み取り値から計算される値である。より具体的に、細孔径0.65nm以下の細孔容積は、細孔径分布図の横軸Pore Widthが0.65nmにおけるCumulative Pore Volume(cc/g)の読み取り値である。同様にして、細孔径0.8nm以下の細孔容積、細孔径1.0nm以下の細孔容積A、細孔径1.5nm以下の細孔容積B、細孔径2.0nm以下の細孔容積Cを得た。細孔径2.0nm以上の細孔容積は、QSDFT法により得られる全細孔容積から上記細孔径2.0nm以下の細孔容積Cを減ずることで計算した。細孔径1.0nm以上1.5nm以下の範囲の細孔容積は、上記細孔径1.5nm以下の細孔容積Bから上記細孔径1.0nm以下の細孔容積Aを減ずることで計算した。細孔径1.0nm以上2.0nm以下の範囲の細孔容積は、上記細孔径2.0nm以下の細孔容積Cから上記細孔径1.0nm以下の細孔容積Aを減ずることで計算した。0.65nm以上0.8nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積は、上記細孔径0.8nm以下の細孔容積から上記細孔径0.65nm以下の細孔容積を減ずることで計算した。0.65nm以上1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積は、上記細孔径1.0nm以下の細孔容積Aから上記細孔径0.65nm以下の細孔容積を減ずることで計算した。0.8nm以上1.5nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積は、上記細孔径1.5nm以下の細孔容積Bから上記細孔径0.8nm以下の細孔容積を減ずることで計算した。1.5nm以上2.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積は、上記細孔径2.0nm以下の細孔容積Cから上記細孔径1.5nm以下の細孔容積Bを減ずることで計算した。
画像処理繊維径測定装置(JIS K 1477に準拠)により測定した。
繊維状活性炭を105℃の乾燥機で2時間以上乾燥後、3.0gを採取し、ミキサーで叩解した後にガラスカラムに充填した。ガラスカラムは直径25mmのものを用い、高さ41mmになるように充填した。JIS-S-3201「家庭用浄水器試験方法」に基づいて総トリハロメタン(CHCl3:CHCl2Br:CHClBr2:CHBr3=45:30:20:5)濃度が100±20ppbの試料水を調製し、水温20℃±1℃に管理し、空塔速度3000h-1で活性炭カラムに通水した。試料水及び濾過水の濃度は、非放射線源式電子捕獲型検出器(GC7000EN、株式会社ジェイ・サイエンス・ラボ製)を使用しヘッドスペース法で測定した。濾過水の総トリハロメタン除去率が80%を下回るまで連続して試料水を通水し、除去率80%の通水量(L/g)を活性炭の総トリハロメタン吸着能力とした。
繊維状活性炭を105℃の乾燥機で2時間以上乾燥後、3.0gを採取し、ミキサーで叩解した後にガラスカラムに充填した。ガラスカラムは直径25mmのものを用い、高さ41mmになるように充填した。JIS-S-3201「家庭用浄水器試験方法」に基づいてクロロホルム濃度が60±12ppbの試料水を調製し、水温20℃±1℃に管理し、空塔速度3000h-1で活性炭カラムに通水した。試料水及び濾過水の濃度は、非放射線源式電子捕獲型検出器(GC7000EN、株式会社ジェイ・サイエンス・ラボ製)を使用しヘッドスペース法で測定した。濾過水のクロロホルム除去率が80%を下回るまで連続して試料水を通水し、除去率80%の通水量(L/g)を活性炭のクロロホルム吸着能力とした。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対して、ビス(2,4-ペンタンジオナト)バナジウム(IV)オキシド(CAS番号:3153-26-2)0.6質量部、及びトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:15554-47-9)0.06質量部と、を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量16g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.09質量%、イットリウムの含有量は0.011質量%であった。
賦活時間を38分とした以外は、実施例1と同様にし、実施例2の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭は、QSDFT法によって算出される細孔容積のうち、1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aが0.427cc/g、バナジウムの含有量は0.19質量%、イットリウムの含有量は0.02質量%、平均繊維径は13.1μmであった。
賦活時間を44分とした以外は、実施例1と同様にし、実施例3の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭は、QSDFT法によって算出される細孔容積のうち、1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aが0.442cc/g、バナジウムの含有量は0.22質量%、イットリウムの含有量は0.03質量%、平均繊維径は13.0μmであった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対して、ビス(2,4-ペンタンジオナト)バナジウム(IV)オキシド(CAS番号:3153-26-2)0.6質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量16g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.09質量%であった。
賦活時間を44分とした以外は、実施例4と同様にし、実施例5の活性炭を得た。得られた活性炭は、QSDFT法によって算出される細孔容積のうち、1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aが0.533cc/g、バナジウムの含有量は0.22質量%、平均繊維径は13.2μmであった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対して、ビス(2,4-ペンタンジオナト)バナジウム(IV)オキシド(CAS番号:3153-26-2)0.6質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度325℃で溶融混合し、吐出量16g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中364℃まで段階的に昇温し、合計87分間保持することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.10質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対して、ビス(2,4-ペンタンジオナト)バナジウム(IV)オキシド(CAS番号:3153-26-2)0.6質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度325℃で溶融混合し、吐出量16g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中335℃まで段階的に昇温し、合計87分保持することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.08質量%であった。
特許文献2の実施例5を模擬した試験をおこなった。具体的に、有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:15554-47-9)1.3質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量20g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.00質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量20g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.00質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量20g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.00質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:3153-26-2)0.3質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量20g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.00質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:3153-26-2)0.3質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量20g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.00質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:3153-26-2)0.3質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量20g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.00質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:3153-26-2)1.0質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合し、吐出量19g/minで紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理をおこない、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、バナジウムの含有量は0.00質量%であった。
Claims (12)
- QSDFT法によって算出される細孔容積のうち、1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積A(cc/g)が0.300cc/g以上であり、
バナジウム単体及び/又はバナジウム化合物を含む、活性炭。 - QSDFT法によって算出される細孔容積のうち、1.5nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積B(cc/g)が0.38cc/g以上である、請求項1に記載の活性炭。
- 前記細孔容積Bに対する前記細孔容積Aの割合(細孔容積A/細孔容積B)が0.75~1.00である、請求項1又は2に記載の活性炭。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭に含まれる前記バナジウム単体及び/又は前記バナジウム化合物の少なくとも一部を洗浄除去してなる、活性炭。
- バナジウムを0.05~1.5質量%含む活性炭前駆体を、CO2濃度が90容積%以上の雰囲気下、温度900~1000℃で賦活する賦活工程を含む方法によって得られる、活性炭。
- 前記賦活工程の後、前記活性炭に含まれるバナジウム単体及び/又はバナジウム化合物の少なくとも一部を洗浄除去する工程を含む、請求項5に記載の活性炭。
- 総トリハロメタンろ過能力が50L/g以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭。
- 前記活性炭が繊維状活性炭である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭。
- 浄水フィルター用である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭を含む、浄水フィルター。
- 請求項10に記載の浄水フィルターを含む、浄水カートリッジ。
- 請求項11に記載の浄水カートリッジを含む、浄水器。
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EP3812349A1 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
US20210261442A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
EP3812349A4 (en) | 2022-02-09 |
JPWO2019244905A1 (ja) | 2020-06-25 |
JP6719709B2 (ja) | 2020-07-08 |
JP2020124714A (ja) | 2020-08-20 |
US12258284B2 (en) | 2025-03-25 |
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