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WO2017144015A1 - 一种新毒素及其中间体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种新毒素及其中间体的制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017144015A1
WO2017144015A1 PCT/CN2017/074756 CN2017074756W WO2017144015A1 WO 2017144015 A1 WO2017144015 A1 WO 2017144015A1 CN 2017074756 W CN2017074756 W CN 2017074756W WO 2017144015 A1 WO2017144015 A1 WO 2017144015A1
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Prior art keywords
formula
compound
group
hexafluorophosphate
acid
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PCT/CN2017/074756
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许建烟
章瑛
屈博磊
蒋贵阳
Original Assignee
江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司
上海恒瑞医药有限公司
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Publication date
Priority to MX2018010128A priority Critical patent/MX2018010128A/es
Priority to EP17755844.2A priority patent/EP3421463A4/en
Priority to AU2017223532A priority patent/AU2017223532A1/en
Priority to RU2018132749A priority patent/RU2018132749A/ru
Priority to CN201780001254.7A priority patent/CN107531680B/zh
Priority to JP2018544080A priority patent/JP2019510000A/ja
Application filed by 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司, 上海恒瑞医药有限公司 filed Critical 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司
Priority to CA3015098A priority patent/CA3015098A1/en
Priority to BR112018016983-8A priority patent/BR112018016983A2/zh
Priority to US16/078,396 priority patent/US10513510B2/en
Priority to KR1020187026912A priority patent/KR20180115743A/ko
Publication of WO2017144015A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017144015A1/zh
Priority to HK18104330.1A priority patent/HK1244805A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/56Ring systems containing three or more rings
    • C07D209/80[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
    • C07D209/94[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed containing carbocyclic rings other than six-membered
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/12Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preparing a new toxin and an intermediate thereof.
  • the inventors in WO 2016/127790 are directed to a novel class of ligand-cytotoxic drug conjugates, and the ligand-cytotoxic drug conjugates and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same are used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer by receptor modulation
  • the use in the above has a good effect, and the compound represented by the formula (I) of the present invention is an important intermediate in the synthesis of such a ligand-cytotoxic drug conjugate.
  • the inventors adopt the above synthetic Fmoc-Dolaproine (Fmoc-Dap) synthesis method, and can obtain a higher yield under the premise of the original substrate.
  • Fmoc-Dap Fmoc-Dolaproine
  • the yield of the target product is low and a large amount of racemate is produced, so that a large amount of the synthesis of the formula (I) is synthesized by the existing synthesis method.
  • There are still many difficulties and disadvantages in the compound and it is necessary to develop a method which is high in yield and suitable for large-scale synthesis of the compound represented by the general formula (I).
  • the present invention provides a novel route for the synthesis of the compound of the formula (I), which comprises a chiral compound of the formula (III)
  • the compound of the formula (I) is obtained through a series of upper protecting groups, deprotecting groups and amidation reactions.
  • the method overcomes the limitation of the prior art on the substrate, has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple operation, high optical purity and high synthesis yield, and is suitable for large-scale production.
  • the present invention relates to a compound of the formula (III),
  • A is a 3-8 membered ring, preferably a 3 membered ring;
  • R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an amino protecting group, preferably Boc, Fmoc, Alloc, Troc, Teoc, CBz, Tosyl, Nosyl and t-Bu;
  • R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a carboxy protecting group, preferably DMB, Bn, Allyl, PfP, Me, PMB, MEM and t-Bu.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for producing a compound of the formula (III) as described above, which comprises a chiral compound of the formula (II) containing a chiral auxiliary group (R 3 ) in a base. a step of hydrolyzing or optionally further a carboxy protecting group to obtain a compound of the formula (III),
  • the chiral auxiliary group (R 3 ) is selected from the group consisting of:
  • X is S or O
  • the alkaline agent is preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, cesium carbonate or lithium hydroxide, more preferably lithium hydroxide;
  • R 1 to R 2 are as defined in the formula (III).
  • the present invention also relates to a compound of the formula (IV),
  • A is a 3-8 membered ring, preferably a 3 membered ring;
  • R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an amino protecting group, preferably Boc, Fmoc, Alloc, Troc, CBz, Teoc, Tosyl, Nosyl and t-Bu;
  • R 2 is a carboxy protecting group, preferably DMB, Bn, Allyl, PfP, Me, PMB, MEM and t-Bu;
  • R x is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and cycloalkyl, wherein said alkyl and cycloalkyl are each independently selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, alkoxy. Substituted by one or more substituents of a hydroxyalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group; a methyl group is preferred.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for producing a compound of the formula (IV) as described above, which is obtained by reacting a compound of the formula (III) with an alkylating agent to form a compound of the formula (IV) The steps of the compound shown,
  • the alkylating agent is selected from the group consisting of alkyl halides, dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl carbonate, sulfonate esters, trimethyl phosphate and Me 3 + BF 4 - ; preferably methyl iodide and Me 3 + BF 4 - ;
  • R 1 , R 2 and R x are as defined in the formula (IV).
  • the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula (V) as described in the above formula (IV), characterized in that it is obtained by decarboxylation of a compound represented by the formula (IV). a step of producing a compound represented by the general formula (V),
  • R 1 , R 2 and R x are as defined in the formula (IV).
  • the present invention also relates to a method of producing a compound of the above (V) as described above, which further comprises the step of preparing a compound of the formula (IV),
  • R 1 , R 2 and R x are as defined in the formula (IV).
  • the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula (V) as described above, which further comprises the steps of preparing a compound of the formula (III),
  • R 1 , R 2 and R x are as defined in the formula (IV).
  • the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula (I),
  • n 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;
  • the method comprises the hydrolysis of a chiral compound of the formula (II) containing a chiral auxiliary group (R 3 ) under basic conditions or optionally further a carboxy protecting group to give a formula (III) a step of showing a compound; a step of alkylating a compound of the formula (III) with an alkyl halide to form a compound of the formula (IV), wherein the compound of the formula (IV) is decarboxylated to give a formula ( V) a compound; and a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (V) to form a compound of the formula (I);
  • A is a 3-8 membered ring, preferably a 3 membered ring;
  • R is halogen, preferably fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, most preferably fluorine;
  • R 1 is an amino protecting group, preferably Boc, Fmoc, Alloc, Troc, CBz, Teoc, Tosyl, Nosyl and t-Bu;
  • R 2 is a carboxy protecting group, preferably DMB, Bn, Allyl, PfP, Me, PMB, MEM and t-Bu;
  • R x is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and cycloalkyl, wherein said alkyl and cycloalkyl are each independently selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, alkoxy. Substituting one or more substituents of a hydroxyalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocyclic group, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group; preferably R x is a methyl group;
  • n 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for producing a compound of the formula (I) as described above, which further comprises deamination protection of the compound of the formula (V) to give a compound of the formula (VI) A step of,
  • R 1 and R x are as defined in the formula (I).
  • the present invention also relates to a process for producing a compound of the formula (I) as described above, which further comprises the Fmoc protecting group on the compound of the formula (VI) to give the formula (VIII) Compound step,
  • a and R x are as defined in the formula (I).
  • the present invention also relates to a process for producing the compound of the formula (I), which further comprises the step of further obtaining a carboxy protecting group represented by the formula (X). a compound obtained by removing the compound represented by the formula (X) to obtain a compound represented by the formula (XI),
  • R 4 is a carboxy protecting group, preferably DMB;
  • R and n are as defined in the formula (I).
  • the present invention also relates to a process for producing the compound of the formula (I), which further comprises the step of further reacting a compound of the formula (VIII) with a compound of the formula (XI). Amidation reaction occurs under the action of a condensing agent to obtain a compound represented by the formula (XII).
  • the condensing agent is preferably 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N,N'- Diisopropylcarbodiimide, O-benzotriazole-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1-hydroxy- 7-azobenzotriazole, O-benzotriazole -N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluron hexafluorophosphate, 2-(7-azobenzotriazole)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate Ester, benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate or benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrroli
  • R, R 4 , R x and n are as defined in the formula (I).
  • the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the compound of the formula (I), characterized in that it further comprises the steps of:
  • a compound represented by the formula (XII) is subjected to removal of a Fmoc protecting group under basic conditions to give a compound of the formula (I-E);
  • R 4 is a carboxy protecting group, preferably DMB
  • R, R x and n are as defined in the general formula (I).
  • the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the compound of the formula (I), wherein the step 1) Or the reagent of the alkaline condition in the step 3) includes an organic base and an inorganic base, and the organic base is preferably triethylamine, diethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, pyridine or hexamethyl.
  • Sodium silylamine, n-butyllithium, potassium t-butoxide or tetrabutylammonium bromide the inorganic bases being preferably lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium carbonate, carbonic acid Sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate or cesium carbonate, more preferably diethylamine.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the compound of the formula (I), wherein the condensing agent in the step 2) or the step 4) is preferably 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-B.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the compound of the formula (I), wherein the reagent of the acidic condition in the step 5) is preferably a hydrogen chloride solution, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, Me 3 SiCl, TMSOT f , trifluoroacetic acid or sulfuric acid, more preferably trifluoroacetic acid.
  • the reagent of the acidic condition in the step 5 is preferably a hydrogen chloride solution, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, Me 3 SiCl, TMSOT f , trifluoroacetic acid or sulfuric acid, more preferably trifluoroacetic acid.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for producing the compound of the above formula (I), which further comprises the action of the compound represented by the formula (V) and the compound of the formula (XI) in a condensing agent. a step of obtaining an amidation reaction to obtain a compound represented by the formula (VII);
  • the condensing agent is preferably 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N,N'-diiso Propylcarbodiimide, O-benzotriazole-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1-hydroxy-7- Azobenzotriazole, O-benzotriazole-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluron hexafluorophosphate, 2-(7-azobenzotriazole)-N, N,N',N'-tetramethylurea hexafluorophosphate, benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate or benzotriazole hexafluorophosphate- 1-yl-oxy
  • R 1 , R, R 4 , R x and n are as defined in the formula (I).
  • the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the compound of the formula (I), characterized in that it further comprises the steps of:
  • the condensing agent in the step 1), the step 3) or the step 5) is preferably 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, N,N'-bicyclic ring.
  • the reagent of the alkaline condition in the step 2) or the step 4) includes an organic base and an inorganic base, and the organic base is preferably triethylamine, diethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine. , pyridine, sodium hexamethyldisilazide, n-butyl lithium, potassium t-butoxide or tetrabutylammonium bromide, the inorganic base is preferably lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrogenation Sodium, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate or cesium carbonate, more preferably diethylamine;
  • the reagent of the acidic condition in the step 6) is preferably a hydrogen chloride solution, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, p-benzoic acid, Me 3 SiCl, TMSOT f , trifluoroacetic acid or sulfuric acid, more preferably trifluoroacetic acid;
  • R 4 is a carboxy protecting group, preferably DMB
  • R 1 , R, R x and n are as defined in the formula (I).
  • the step of preparing the compound of the formula (VIII) in the present invention can be carried out by a one-pot method, and the compound represented by the formula (IV) can be obtained by the above Fmoc protecting group after decarboxylation and amino protecting group. a step of the compound shown in VIII);
  • R 1 , R 2 and R x are as defined in the formula (I).
  • the preparation method of the novel toxin represented by the general formula (I) according to the invention has the characteristics of simple operation, mild reaction condition, high optical purity, high synthesis efficiency, high synthesis yield, suitable for industrial production, and has significant social benefits. And economic benefits.
  • ring A has the same structure and is selected from a 3-8 membered ring, preferably a 3-membered ring; in particular, wherein the ring is a cycloalkyl group ring.
  • alkyl refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group which is a straight or branched chain group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 6 carbons.
  • the alkyl group of the atom is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group which is a straight or branched chain group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 6 carbons.
  • Non-limiting examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1 ,2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-ethyl-2- Methylpropyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3 - dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, n-heptyl, 2 -methylhexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 4-methylhexyl,
  • lower alkyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, non-limiting examples including methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl Base, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethyl Butyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl Base, 2,3-dimethylbutyl and the like.
  • the alkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted, and when substituted, the substituent may be substituted at any available point of attachment, preferably one or more of the following groups independently selected from the group consisting of an alkane Base, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, halogen, fluorenyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, naphthenic An oxy group, a heterocycloalkoxy group, a cycloalkylthio group, a heterocycloalkylthio group, an oxo group, a carboxyl group or a carboxylate group.
  • an alkane Base alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, halogen, fluorenyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, hetero
  • cycloalkyl refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic cyclic hydrocarbon substituent containing from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms. One carbon atom.
  • Non-limiting examples of monocyclic cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptatriene
  • a polycycloalkyl group includes a spiro ring, a fused ring, and a cycloalkyl group.
  • spirocycloalkyl refers to a polycyclic group that shares a carbon atom (referred to as a spiro atom) between 5 to 20 members of a single ring, which may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings have a fully conjugated ⁇ electronic system. It is preferably 6 to 14 members, more preferably 7 to 10 members.
  • the spirocycloalkyl group is classified into a monospirocycloalkyl group, a bispirocycloalkyl group or a polyspirocycloalkyl group, preferably a monospirocycloalkyl group and a bispirocycloalkyl group, depending on the number of common spiro atoms between the rings.
  • spirocycloalkyl groups include:
  • fused cycloalkyl refers to 5 to 20 members, and each ring in the system shares an all-carbon polycyclic group of an adjacent pair of carbon atoms with other rings in the system, wherein one or more of the rings may contain one or Multiple double bonds, but none of the rings have a fully conjugated ⁇ -electron system. It is preferably 6 to 14 members, more preferably 7 to 10 members.
  • fused cycloalkyl groups include:
  • bridged cycloalkyl refers to an all-carbon polycyclic group of 5 to 20 members, any two rings sharing two carbon atoms which are not directly bonded, which may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings have complete Conjugate ⁇ -electron system. It is preferably 6 to 14 members, more preferably 7 to 10 members. Depending on the number of constituent rings, it may be classified into a bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic or polycyclic bridged cycloalkyl group, preferably a bicyclic ring, a tricyclic ring or a tetracyclic ring, and more preferably a bicyclic ring or a tricyclic ring.
  • bridged cycloalkyl groups include:
  • the cycloalkyl ring may be fused to an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring, wherein the ring to which the parent structure is attached is a cycloalkyl group, non-limiting examples include fluorenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl , benzocycloheptyl and the like.
  • the cycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted, and when substituted, the substituent is preferably one or more of the following groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkane Thio, alkylamino, halogen, fluorenyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkoxy, cycloalkylthio a heterocycloalkylthio group, an oxo group, a carboxyl group or a carboxylate group.
  • heterocyclyl refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic cyclic hydrocarbon substituent containing from 3 to 20 ring atoms wherein one or more ring atoms are selected from nitrogen, oxygen or S(O).
  • a hetero atom of m (where m is an integer of 0 to 2), but excluding the ring moiety of -OO-, -OS- or -SS-, the remaining ring atoms being carbon.
  • ring atoms Preferably comprising from 3 to 12 ring atoms, wherein from 1 to 4 are heteroatoms; most preferably from 3 to 8 ring atoms, wherein from 1 to 3 are heteroatoms; most preferably from 5 to 6 ring atoms, wherein 1 to 2 or 1 to 3 are heteroatoms.
  • monocyclic heterocyclic groups include pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydrofuranyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyrrolyl, piperidine.
  • Polycyclic heterocyclic groups include spiro, fused, and bridged heterocyclic groups.
  • spiroheterocyclyl refers to a polycyclic heterocyclic group in which one atom (called a spiro atom) is shared between 5 to 20 members of a single ring, wherein one or more ring atoms are selected from nitrogen, oxygen or S (O). ) m (where m is an integer 0 to 2) heteroatoms, and the remaining ring atoms are carbon. It may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings have a fully conjugated pi-electron system. It is preferably 6 to 14 members, more preferably 7 to 10 members.
  • the spiroheterocyclyl group is classified into a monospiroheterocyclic group, a dispiroheterocyclic group or a polyspirocyclic group according to the number of the shared spiro atoms between the ring and the ring, and is preferably a monospiroheterocyclic group and a dispiroheterocyclic group. More preferably, it is 4 yuan / 4 yuan, 4 yuan / 5 yuan, 4 yuan / 6 yuan, 5 yuan / 5 yuan or 5 yuan / 6-membered monospiroheterocyclic group.
  • Non-limiting examples of spiroheterocyclyl groups include:
  • fused heterocyclyl refers to 5 to 20 members, and each ring in the system shares an adjacent pair of atomic polycyclic heterocyclic groups with other rings in the system, and one or more rings may contain one or more Double bond, but none of the rings have a fully conjugated ⁇ -electron system in which one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or S(O) m (where m is an integer from 0 to 2), and the remaining rings
  • the atom is carbon. It is preferably 6 to 14 members, more preferably 7 to 10 members.
  • fused heterocyclic groups include:
  • bridge heterocyclyl refers to a polycyclic heterocyclic group of 5 to 14 members, any two rings sharing two atoms which are not directly bonded, which may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings have a total A ⁇ -electron system of a yoke in which one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or S(O) m (where m is an integer from 0 to 2), the remaining ring atoms being carbon. It is preferably 6 to 14 members, more preferably 7 to 10 members.
  • bridge heterocyclic groups include:
  • the heterocyclyl ring may be fused to an aryl, heteroaryl or cycloalkyl ring, wherein the ring to which the parent structure is attached is a heterocyclic group, non-limiting examples of which include:
  • the heterocyclic group may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted, and when substituted, the substituent is preferably one or more of the following groups independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkane Thio, alkylamino, halogen, fluorenyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkoxy, cycloalkylthio a heterocycloalkylthio group, an oxo group, a carboxyl group or a carboxylate group.
  • aryl refers to a 6 to 14 membered all-carbon monocyclic or fused polycyclic ring (ie, a ring that shares a pair of adjacent carbon atoms) having a conjugated ⁇ -electron system, preferably 6 to 10 members, such as benzene. Base and naphthyl. More preferred is phenyl.
  • the aryl ring may be fused to a heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl ring, wherein the ring to which the parent structure is attached is an aryl ring, non-limiting examples of which include:
  • the aryl group may be substituted or unsubstituted, and when substituted, the substituent is preferably one or more of the following groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, Alkylamino, halogen, fluorenyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxy, heterocycloalkoxy, cycloalkylthio, heterocycle An alkylthio group, a carboxyl group or a carboxylate group.
  • heteroaryl refers to a heteroaromatic system containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, from 5 to 14 ring atoms, wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen.
  • the heteroaryl group is preferably 5 to 10 members, and has 1 to 3 hetero atoms; more preferably 5 or 6 members, and 1 to 2 hetero atoms; preferably, for example, imidazolyl, furyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl An oxazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiadiazole, pyrazinyl, etc., preferably imidazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl or pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl; more selective Pyrazolyl or thiazolyl.
  • the heteroaryl ring may be fused to an aryl, hetero
  • the heteroaryl group may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted, and when substituted, the substituent is preferably one or more a group independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, halogen, decyl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkane
  • hydroxy refers to an -OH group.
  • halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
  • amino means -NH 2.
  • the 3-8 membered ring is selected from a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring, and the heterocyclic ring contains a plurality of hetero atoms such as N, O, and S.
  • heterocyclic group optionally substituted by an alkyl group means that an alkyl group may be, but not necessarily, present, and the description includes the case where the heterocyclic group is substituted with an alkyl group and the case where the heterocyclic group is not substituted with an alkyl group.
  • Substituted refers to one or more hydrogen atoms in the group, preferably up to 5, more preferably 1 to 3, hydrogen atoms, independently of each other, substituted by a corresponding number of substituents. It goes without saying that the substituents are only in their possible chemical positions, and those skilled in the art will be able to determine (by experiment or theory) substitutions that may or may not be possible without undue effort. For example, an amino group or a hydroxyl group having a free hydrogen may be unstable when combined with a carbon atom having an unsaturated (e.g., olefinic) bond.
  • X is selected from A, B, or C
  • X is selected from A, B, and C
  • X is A, B, or C
  • X is A, B, and C
  • the structure of the compound is determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or/and mass spectrometry (MS).
  • NMR shift ( ⁇ ) is given in units of 10 -6 (ppm).
  • NMR was measured using a Bruker AVANCE-400 nuclear magnetic apparatus, and the solvent was deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 ), deuterated chloroform (CDCl 3 ), deuterated methanol (CD 3 OD), internal standard was four.
  • DMSO-d 6 dimethyl sulfoxide
  • CDCl 3 deuterated chloroform
  • CD 3 OD deuterated methanol
  • TMS Methyl silane
  • the measurement of the MS was carried out using a FINNIGAN LCQAd (ESI) mass spectrometer (manufacturer: Thermo, model: Finnigan LCQ advantage MAX).
  • ESI FINNIGAN LCQAd
  • the HPLC was measured using an Agilent 1200 DAD high pressure liquid chromatograph (Sunfire C18 150 x 4.6 mm column) and a Waters 2695-2996 high pressure liquid chromatograph (Gimini C18 150 x 4.6 mm column).
  • Thin layer chromatography silica gel plate uses Yantai Yellow Sea HSGF254 or Qingdao GF254 silica gel plate.
  • the specification of silica gel plate used for thin layer chromatography (TLC) is 0.15mm ⁇ 0.2mm.
  • the specification for thin layer chromatography separation and purification is 0.4mm. ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • the known starting materials of the present invention may be synthesized by or according to methods known in the art, or may be purchased from ABCR GmbH & Co. KG, Acros Organics, Aldrich Chemical Company, Accela ChemBio Inc, Dari Companies such as chemicals.
  • the reactions can all be carried out under an argon atmosphere or a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • An argon atmosphere or a nitrogen atmosphere means that the reaction flask is connected to an argon or nitrogen balloon having a volume of about 1 L.
  • the hydrogen atmosphere means that the reaction flask is connected to a hydrogen balloon of about 1 L volume.
  • the pressurized hydrogenation reaction was carried out using a Parr Model 3916EKX hydrogenation apparatus and a clear blue QL-500 type hydrogen generator or a HC2-SS type hydrogenation apparatus.
  • the hydrogenation reaction is usually evacuated, charged with hydrogen, and operated three times.
  • the microwave reaction used a CEM Discover-S Model 908860 microwave reactor.
  • the solution means an aqueous solution.
  • reaction temperature is room temperature and is 20 ° C to 30 ° C.
  • TLC thin layer chromatography
  • Purification compounds using column chromatography eluent systems and thin layer chromatography developer systems include: A: dichloromethane and methanol systems, B: n-hexane and ethyl acetate systems, C: dichloromethane and acetone
  • A dichloromethane and methanol systems
  • B n-hexane and ethyl acetate systems
  • C dichloromethane and acetone
  • the volume ratio of the solvent is adjusted depending on the polarity of the compound, and a small amount of an alkaline or acidic reagent such as triethylamine or acetic acid may be added for adjustment.
  • the crude product 1 h (8.2 g, 41.2 mmol) was dissolved in 70 mL of water, 70 mL of 1,4-dioxane was added, and the mixture was cooled to 0 ° C in an ice bath, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (31.9 g, 247.2 mmol).
  • 9-Methyl-N-succinimidyl carboxylate (18.06 g, 53.56 mmol) was dissolved in 70 mL of 1,4-dioxane, and the above solution was added to the reaction solution, and the addition was completed. The ice bath was removed, the temperature of the reaction solution was naturally raised to room temperature, and the reaction was stirred for 2.5 hours.
  • the amine (2.18 mL, 12.54 mmol) was stirred at 20 ° C for 1 hour. After adding 100 mL of water, stirring and stratification, the organic phase was washed with water (100 mL ⁇ 2), washed with saturated sodium chloride solution (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, The residue was purified to give the title product 1p (3.55 g, white foamy solid).
  • Fluorophosphate (8.8 g, 23.35 mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (7.6 g, 58.38 mmol), stirred at 0-5 ° C for 10 min, then added (5S,8S,11S,12R)- 11-((S)-sec-butyl)-1-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-5,8-diisopropyl-12-methoxy-4,10-dimethyl-3,6 9-Tricarbonyl-2-oxa-4,7,10-triazatetradecane-14-carboxylic acid 1o (10 g, 19.46 mmol) was stirred for 1 hour.
  • 6-maleimidocaproic acid (3.8 g, 17.98 mmol) was dissolved in 200 mL of anhydrous acetonitrile, and the temperature of the reaction solution was controlled to be -5 to 0 ° C under ice salt bath, and 2-(7-even) was slowly added.
  • Nitrobenzotriazole)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (7.8 g, 20.68 mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (7.0 g, 53.34 mmol) The reaction was stirred for 15 minutes, 1q (15.4 g, 17.98 mmol) was added and stirring was continued for one hour.
  • the starting material ((S)-2-amino-3-(2-fluorophenyl)propionic acid 1 s (400 mg, 2.18 mmol) was prepared by a known method "Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 2012, 354 (17), 3327-3332". It is dissolved in 10 mL of tert-butyl acetate, added with perchloric acid (300 mg (70%), 3.3 mmol), and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. After the reaction is completed, 6 mL of water is added, and the organic phase is saturated with sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. (5 mL) Washing.
  • reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, diluted with 5 mL of dichloromethane, and then 10mL of saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added and stirred for 10 minutes.
  • the system was layered and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL ⁇ 3). The combined dichloromethane layers were washed with aq.
  • N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.16 mL, 0.915 mmol) and 2-(7-azobenzotriazole)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium Fluorophosphate (84 mg, 0.22 mmol).
  • the reaction system was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour under an argon atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, 10 mL of water was added and stirred, and the layers were separated. The dichloromethane layer was washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution (10 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration and concentration of the filtrate under reduced pressure.
  • the reaction system was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours under an argon atmosphere. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced vacuoielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielielie
  • the method for protecting the carboxyl group in the upper methyl group is longer than the synthetic route using the prior art, but the total yield is greatly improved, about three times, and is suitable for industrial production, and has a remarkable society. Benefits and economic benefits.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新毒素及其中间体的制备方法。具体而言,本发明涉及一种新毒素及其中间体通式(III)和(IV)的制备方法,以及一种用于合成通式(I)所示的制备方法,所述方法包含通式(III)所示的手性化合物经过一系列的上保护基、脱保护基和酰胺化反应得到通式(I)所示的化合物。该方法具有反应条件温和,操作简便,光学纯度高和合成收率高等优点,适于大规模生产。

Description

一种新毒素及其中间体的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种新毒素及其中间体的制备方法。
背景技术
发明人在WO2016/127790中涉及一类全新结构的配体-细胞毒性药物偶联物,该配体-细胞毒性药物偶联物及含有其的药物组合物通过受体调节在制备治疗癌症的药物中的用途中具有良好的效果,在合成该类配体-细胞毒性药物偶联物时,本发明通式(I)所示化合物是重要的中间体。
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000001
该中间体与2004年美国西雅图基因公司在专利WO2005/038392中首次提到Mc-MMAF结构相似,西雅图基因公司公开了Mc-MMAF的合成路线,但是在合成路线中,没有详述制备Fmoc-Dolaproine(Fmoc-Dap)的具体合成过程及其原始原料,Fmoc-Dolaproine(Fmoc-Dap)与合成本发明通式(I)的关键中间体通式(IV)具有相似的化学结构。
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000002
因此,发明人在目前合成Fmoc-Dolaproine(Fmoc-Dap)的现有技术中,发现了相关的合成路线,例如George R.Pettit和Matthew P.Grealish在J.Org.Chem.2001.66.8964-8642中提到直接上甲基的合成方法(如方案一),以及在Synthesis.1996.720中涉及的水解后上甲基的方法(如方案二)。
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000003
在合成本发明的并环底物通式(IV)时,发明人采用上述合成Fmoc-Dolaproine(Fmoc-Dap)的合成方法,在原有底物的前提下,都可以得到较高的收率,但是在得到本发明的并环底物通式(IV)时,目标产物的收率很低且有较多消旋物产生,因此利用现有的合成方法大量合成通式(I)所示的化合物还存在不少困难和不足,有必要开发高收率并适用于大规模合成通式(I)所示的化合物的方法。
发明内容
针对本发明的新毒素及其中间体的合成工艺存在的缺点,本发明提供了一条合成通式(I)所示化合物的新路线,所述方法包含通式(III)所示的手性化合物经过一系列的上保护基、脱保护基和酰胺化反应得到通式(I)所示的化合物。该方法克服现有技术对底物的限制,具有反应条件温和,操作简便,光学纯度高和合成收率高等优点,适于大规模生产。
本发明涉及一种通式(III)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000004
其中:
A为3-8元环,优选3元环;
R1为氢原子或氨基保护基,优选Boc、Fmoc、Alloc、Troc、Teoc、CBz、Tosyl、Nosyl和t-Bu;
R2为氢原子或羧基保护基,优选DMB、Bn、Allyl、PfP、Me、PMB、MEM和t-Bu。
本发明还涉及一种如所述的通式(III)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其由含手性辅基(R3)的通式(II)所示手性化合物在碱性条件下水解或任选进一步上羧基保护基得到通式(III)所示化合物的步骤,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000005
其中:
手性辅基(R3)选自:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000006
X为S或O;
碱性试剂优选氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯或氢氧化锂,更优选氢氧化锂;
R1~R2如通式(III)中定义。
本发明还涉及一种通式(IV)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000007
其中:
A为3-8元环,优选3元环;
R1为氢原子或氨基保护基,优选Boc、Fmoc、Alloc、Troc、CBz、Teoc、Tosyl、Nosyl和t-Bu;
R2为羧基保护基,优选DMB、Bn、Allyl、PfP、Me、PMB、MEM和t-Bu;
Rx选自烷基和环烷基,其中所述的烷基和环烷基各自独立地任选被选自烷基、卤代烷基、卤素、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、烷氧基、羟烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个或多个取代基所取代;优选甲基。
本发明还涉及一种如所述的通式(IV)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其由通式(III)所示化合物与烷基化试剂反应,生成通式(IV)所示的化合物的步骤,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000008
其中:
所述的烷基化试剂选自卤代烷、硫酸二甲酯、碳酸二甲酯、磺酸酯、磷酸三甲酯和Me3 +BF4 -;优选碘甲烷和Me3 +BF4 -
A、R1、R2和Rx如通式(IV)中定义。
本发明还涉及一种如所述的通式(IV)所示化合物的制备通式(V)所示化合物的方法,其特征在于,其由通式(IV)所示化合物脱去羧基保护基,生成通式(V)所示的化合物的步骤,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000009
其中:
A、R1、R2和Rx如通式(IV)中定义。
本发明还涉及一种如所述的制备(V)所示化合物的方法,其特征在于,还进一步包含制备通式(IV)所示的化合物的步骤,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000010
其中:
A、R1、R2和Rx如通式(IV)中定义。
本发明还涉及一种如所述的制备(V)所示化合物的方法,其特征在于,还进一步包含制备通式(III)所示化合物的制备方法步骤,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000011
其中:
A、R1、R2和Rx如通式(IV)中定义。
本发明还涉及一种通式(I)所示的化合物的制备方法,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000012
n为1、2、3、4或5;
其特征在于,所述方法包括由含手性辅基(R3)的通式(II)所示手性化合物在碱性条件下水解或任选进一步上羧基保护基得到通式(III)所示化合物的步骤;由通式(III)所示化合物与卤代烷发生烷基化反应,生成通式(IV)所示的化合物的步骤,通式(IV)化合物脱去羧基保护基得到通式(V)化合物;和由通式(V)所示的化合物经过一系列反应生成通式(I)所示的化合物的步骤;
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000013
其中:
A为3-8元环,优选3元环;
R为卤素,优选氟、氯、溴或碘,最优选氟;
R1为氨基保护基,优选Boc、Fmoc、Alloc、Troc、CBz、Teoc、Tosyl、Nosyl和t-Bu;
R2为羧基保护基,优选DMB、Bn、Allyl、PfP、Me、PMB、MEM和t-Bu;
Rx选自烷基和环烷基,其中所述的烷基和环烷基各自独立地任选被选自烷基、卤代烷基、卤素、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、烷氧基、羟烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个或多个取代基所取代;优选Rx为甲基;
n为1、2、3、4或5。
本发明还涉及一种如所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括通式(V)所示的化合物脱氨基保护得到通式(VI)所示的化合物的步骤,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000014
其中:
A、R1和Rx如通式(I)中定义。
本发明还涉及一种如所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括通式(VI)所示的化合物上Fmoc保护基得到通式(VIII)所示的化合物的步骤,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000015
其中:
A和Rx如通式(I)中定义。
本发明还涉及所述的式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括下述步骤:通式(IX)所示的化合物进一步得到羧基保护基通式(X)所示的化合物,该通式(X)所示的化合物脱去Fmoc后得到通式(XI)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000016
其中,R4为羧基保护基,优选DMB;
R和n如通式(I)中定义。
本发明还涉及所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括下述步骤:通式(VIII)所示的化合物进一步与通式(XI)所示的化合物在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应,得到通式(XII)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000017
其中,所述的缩合剂优选1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N,N'-二环己基碳化二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二酰亚胺、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯、1-羟基苯并三唑、1-羟基-7-偶氮苯并三氮唑、O-苯并三氮唑 -N,N,N',N'-四甲脲六氟磷酸酯、2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐或六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷,更优选2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;
A、R、R4、Rx和n如通式(I)中定义。
本发明还涉及所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括下述步骤:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000018
其中:
1)通式(XII)所示的化合物在碱性条件下脱去Fmoc保护基得到通式(I-E)所示的化合物;
2)通式化合物(I-E)与通式化合物(I-D)在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应得到通式(I-C)所示的手性中间体;
3)通式化合物(I-C)在碱性条件下脱去Fmoc保护基得到通式(I-B)所示的手性化合物;
4)通式化合物(I-B)与6-马来酰亚胺基己酸在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应得到通式(I-A)所示的化合物;
5)通式化合物(I-A)在酸性条件下脱去羧基保护基得到通式(I)所示的目标化合物;
R4为羧基保护基,优选DMB;
A、R、Rx和n如通式(I)中定义。
本发明还涉及所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其中所述的步骤1) 或步骤3)中的碱性条件的试剂包括有机碱和无机碱类,所述的有机碱类优选三乙胺、二乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、六甲基二硅基胺基钠,正丁基锂、叔丁醇钾或四丁基溴化铵,所述的无机碱类优选氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾或碳酸铯,更优选为二乙胺。
本发明还涉及所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其中所述的步骤2)或步骤4)中的缩合剂优选1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N,N'-二环己基碳化二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二酰亚胺、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯、1-羟基苯并三唑、1-羟基-7-偶氮苯并三氮唑、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲脲六氟磷酸酯、2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐或六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷,更优选2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯。
本发明还涉及所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其中所述的步骤5)中的酸性条件的试剂优选氯化氢溶液、盐酸、硝酸、磷酸、对苯甲磺酸、Me3SiCl、TMSOTf、三氟乙酸或硫酸,更优选三氟乙酸。
本发明还涉及所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括通式(V)所示的化合物进一步与通式(XI)所示的化合物在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应,得到通式(VII)所示的化合物的步骤;
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000019
其中:
所述的缩合剂优选1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N,N'-二环己基碳化二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二酰亚胺、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯、1-羟基苯并三唑、1-羟基-7-偶氮苯并三氮唑、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲脲六氟磷酸酯、2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐或六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷,更优选2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;
A、R1、R、R4、Rx和n如通式(I)中定义。
本发明还涉及所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括下述步骤:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000020
1)通式(V)所示的化合物进一步与通式(XI)所示的化合物在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应,得到通式(VII)所示的化合物的步骤;
2)通式(VII)所示的化合物碱性条件下脱去氨基保护基得到通式(I-E)的化合物;
3)通式化合物(I-E)与通式化合物(I-D)在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应得到通式(I-C)所示的手性中间体;
4)通式化合物(I-C)在碱性条件下脱去Fmoc保护基得到通式(I-B)所示的手性化合物;
5)通式化合物(I-B)与6-马来酰亚胺基己酸在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应得到通式(I-A)所示的化合物;
6)通式化合物(I-A)在酸性条件下脱去羧基保护基得到通式(I)所示的目标化合物;
其中:
所述的步骤1)、步骤3)或步骤5)中的缩合剂优选1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N,N'-二环己基碳化二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二酰亚胺、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯、1-羟基苯并三唑、1-羟基-7-偶氮苯并三氮唑、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲脲六氟磷酸酯、2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六 氟磷酸盐或六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷,更优选2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;
所述的步骤2)或步骤4)中的碱性条件的试剂包括有机碱和无机碱类,所述的有机碱类优选三乙胺、二乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、六甲基二硅基胺基钠,正丁基锂、叔丁醇钾或四丁基溴化铵,所述的无机碱类优选氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾或碳酸铯,更优选为二乙胺;
所述的步骤6)中的酸性条件的试剂优选氯化氢溶液、盐酸、硝酸、磷酸、对苯甲磺酸、Me3SiCl、TMSOTf、三氟乙酸或硫酸,更优选三氟乙酸;
R4为羧基保护基,优选DMB;
A、R1、R、Rx和n如通式(I)中定义。
本发明中制备通式(VIII)所示的化合物的步骤可通过一锅法合成,包括通式(IV)所示的化合物通过脱去羧基和氨基保护基后在上Fmoc保护基得到通式(VIII)所示的化合物的步骤;
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000021
其中:
A、R1、R2和Rx如通式(I)中定义。
本发明所述的通式(I)所示的新毒素的制备方法具有操作简单,反应条件温和,光学纯度高,合成效率高,合成收率高,适合工业化生产等特点,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,在各个不同的通式化合物中,环A具有相同的结构,选自3-8元环,优选3元环;特别地,其中所述的环为环烷基环。
发明的详细说明
除非有相反陈述,在说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语具有下述含义。
术语“烷基”指饱和脂肪族烃基团,其为包含1至20个碳原子的直链或支链基团,优选含有1至12个碳原子的烷基,更优选含有1至6个碳原子的烷基。非限制性实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、正己基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基丁基、正庚基、2-甲基己基、3-甲基己基、4-甲基己基、5-甲基己基、2,3-二甲基戊基、2,4-二甲基戊基、2,2-二甲基戊基、 3,3-二甲基戊基、2-乙基戊基、3-乙基戊基、正辛基、2,3-二甲基己基、2,4-二甲基己基、2,5-二甲基己基、2,2-二甲基己基、3,3-二甲基己基、4,4-二甲基己基、2-乙基己基、3-乙基己基、4-乙基己基、2-甲基-2-乙基戊基、2-甲基-3-乙基戊基、正壬基、2-甲基-2-乙基己基、2-甲基-3-乙基己基、2,2-二乙基戊基、正癸基、3,3-二乙基己基、2,2-二乙基己基,及其各种支链异构体等。更优选的是含有1至6个碳原子的低级烷基,非限制性实施例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、正己基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基丁基等。烷基可以是取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,取代基可以在任何可使用的连接点上被取代,所述取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,其独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、巯基、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氧代基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“环烷基”指饱和或部分不饱和单环或多环环状烃取代基,环烷基环包含3至20个碳原子,优选包含3至12个碳原子,更优选包含3至6个碳原子。单环环烷基的非限制性实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、环己二烯基、环庚基、环庚三烯基、环辛基等;多环环烷基包括螺环、稠环和桥环的环烷基。
术语“螺环烷基”指5至20元的单环之间共用一个碳原子(称螺原子)的多环基团,其可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据环与环之间共用螺原子的数目将螺环烷基分为单螺环烷基、双螺环烷基或多螺环烷基,优选为单螺环烷基和双螺环烷基。更优选为4元/4元、4元/5元、4元/6元、5元/5元或5元/6元单螺环烷基。螺环烷基的非限制性实例包括:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000022
术语“稠环烷基”指5至20元,系统中的每个环与体系中的其他环共享毗邻的一对碳原子的全碳多环基团,其中一个或多个环可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据组成环的数目可以分为双环、三环、四环或多环稠环烷基,优选为双环或三环,更优选为5元/5元或5元/6元双环烷基。稠环烷基的非限制性实例包括:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000023
术语“桥环烷基”指5至20元,任意两个环共用两个不直接连接的碳原子的全碳多环基团,其可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据组成环的数目可以分为双环、三环、四环或多环桥环烷基,优选为双环、三环或四环,更有选为双环或三环。桥环烷基的非限制性实例包括:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000024
所述环烷基环可以稠合于芳基、杂芳基或杂环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为环烷基,非限制性实例包括茚基、四氢萘基、苯并环庚烷基等。环烷基可以是任选取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,其独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、巯基、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氧代基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“杂环基”指饱和或部分不饱和单环或多环环状烃取代基,其包含3至20个环原子,其中一个或多个环原子为选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是整数0至2)的杂原子,但不包括-O-O-、-O-S-或-S-S-的环部分,其余环原子为碳。优选包含3至12个环原子,其中1~4个是杂原子;最优选包含3至8个环原子,其中1~3个是杂原子;最优选包含5至6个环原子,其中1~2或1~3个是杂原子。单环杂环基的非限制性实例包括吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、二氢咪唑基、二氢呋喃基、二氢吡唑基、二氢吡咯基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、高哌嗪基、吡喃基、氮杂环丁烷基等,优选1、2、5-噁二唑基、吡喃基、哌啶基、氮杂环丁烷基、吡咯烷基或吗啉基。多环杂环基包括螺环、稠环和桥环的杂环基。
术语“螺杂环基”指5至20元的单环之间共用一个原子(称螺原子)的多环杂环基团,其中一个或多个环原子为选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是整数0至2)的杂原子,其余环原子为碳。其可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据环与环之间共用螺原子的数目将螺杂环基分为单螺杂环基、双螺杂环基或多螺杂环基,优选为单 螺杂环基和双螺杂环基。更优选为4元/4元、4元/5元、4元/6元、5元/5元或5元/6元单螺杂环基。螺杂环基的非限制性实例包括:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000025
术语“稠杂环基”指5至20元,系统中的每个环与体系中的其他环共享毗邻的一对原子的多环杂环基团,一个或多个环可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统,其中一个或多个环原子为选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是整数0至2)的杂原子,其余环原子为碳。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据组成环的数目可以分为双环、三环、四环或多环稠杂环基,优选为双环或三环,更优选为5元/5元或5元/6元双环稠杂环基。稠杂环基的非限制性实例包括:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000026
术语“桥杂环基”指5至14元,任意两个环共用两个不直接连接的原子的多环杂环基团,其可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统,其中一个或多个环原子为选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是整数0至2)的杂原子,其余环原子为碳。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据组成环的数目可以分为双环、三环、四环或多环桥杂环基,优选为双环、三环或四环,更有选为双环或三环。桥杂环基的非限制性实例包括:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000027
所述杂环基环可以稠合于芳基、杂芳基或环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为杂环基,其非限制性实例包括:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000028
等。
杂环基可以是任选取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,其独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、巯基、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氧代基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“芳基”指具有共轭的π电子体系的6至14元全碳单环或稠合多环(也就是共享毗邻碳原子对的环)基团,优选为6至10元,例如苯基和萘基。更优选苯基。所述芳基环可以稠合于杂芳基、杂环基或环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为芳基环,其非限制性实例包括:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000029
芳基可以是取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,其独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、巯基、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“杂芳基”指包含1至4个杂原子、5至14个环原子的杂芳族体系,其中杂原子选自氧、硫和氮。杂芳基优选为5至10元,含1至3个杂原子;更优选为5元或6元,含1至2个杂原子;优选例如咪唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噻唑基、吡唑基、噁唑基、吡咯基、四唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、噻二唑、吡嗪基等,优选为咪唑基、噻唑基、吡唑基或嘧啶基、噻唑基;更有选吡唑基或噻唑基。所述杂芳基环可以稠合于芳基、杂环基或环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为杂芳基环,其非限制性实例包括:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000030
杂芳基可以是任选取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多 个以下基团,其独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、巯基、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“羟基”指-OH基团。
术语“卤素”指氟、氯、溴或碘。
术语“氨基”指-NH2
术语“氧代基”指=O。
所述的3-8元环选自碳环或杂环,所述的杂环包含若干个N、O、S等杂原子。
“任选”或“任选地”意味着随后所描述的事件或环境可以但不必发生,该说明包括该事件或环境发生或不发生的场合。例如,“任选被烷基取代的杂环基团”意味着烷基可以但不必须存在,该说明包括杂环基团被烷基取代的情形和杂环基团不被烷基取代的情形。
“取代的”指基团中的一个或多个氢原子,优选为最多5个,更优选为1~3个氢原子彼此独立地被相应数目的取代基取代。不言而喻,取代基仅处在它们的可能的化学位置,本领域技术人员能够在不付出过多努力的情况下确定(通过实验或理论)可能或不可能的取代。例如,具有游离氢的氨基或羟基与具有不饱和(如烯属)键的碳原子结合时可能是不稳定的。
本发明中“X选自A、B、或C”、“X选自A、B和C”、“X为A、B或C”、“X为A、B和C”等不同用语均表达了相同的意义,即表示X可以是A、B、C中任意一种或几种。
缩写表:
缩写 全称
Me 甲基
Boc 叔丁氧羰基
t-Bu 叔丁基
Bn 苄基
Ph 苯基
Tosyl 对甲基苯磺酰基
Fmoc 9-芴甲氧羰基
Alloc 烯丙氧羰基
Troc 三氯乙氧羰基
Teoc 三甲基硅乙氧羰基
Nosyl 对硝基苯磺酰基
TMSOTf 三氟甲基磺酸三甲基硅酯
Cbz 苄氧羰基
PfP 五氟代苯基
PMB 对甲基苄基
MEM 甲氧乙氧甲基
Allyl 烯丙基
DMB 2,4-二甲氧基苄基
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实例详细地解释本发明,使得本专业技术人员更全面地理解本发明,具体实例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,并不以任何方式限定本发明。
实施例
化合物的结构是通过核磁共振(NMR)或/和质谱(MS)来确定的。NMR位移(δ)以10-6(ppm)的单位给出。NMR的测定是用Bruker AVANCE-400核磁仪,测定溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-d6),氘代氯仿(CDCl3),氘代甲醇(CD3OD),内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS)。
MS的测定用FINNIGAN LCQAd(ESI)质谱仪(生产商:Thermo,型号:Finnigan LCQ advantage MAX)。
HPLC的测定使用安捷伦1200DAD高压液相色谱仪(Sunfire C18 150×4.6mm色谱柱)和Waters 2695-2996高压液相色谱仪(Gimini C18 150×4.6mm色谱柱)。
手性HPLC分析测定使用LC-10A vp(Shimadzu)或者SFC-analytical(Berger Instruments Inc.);
薄层层析硅胶板使用烟台黄海HSGF254或青岛GF254硅胶板,薄层色谱法(TLC)使用的硅胶板采用的规格是0.15mm~0.2mm,薄层层析分离纯化产品采用的规格是0.4mm~0.5mm。
柱层析一般使用烟台黄海硅胶200~300目硅胶为载体。
手性制备柱层析使用Prep Star SD-1(Varian Instruments Inc.)或SFC-multigram(Berger Instruments Inc.)
激酶平均抑制率及IC50值的测定用NovoStar酶标仪(德国BMG公司)。
本发明的已知的起始原料可以采用或按照本领域已知的方法来合成,或可购买自ABCR GmbH&Co.KG,Acros Organics,Aldrich Chemical Company,韶远化学科技(Accela ChemBio Inc)、达瑞化学品等公司。
实施例中无特殊说明,反应能够均在氩气氛或氮气氛下进行。
氩气氛或氮气氛是指反应瓶连接一个约1L容积的氩气或氮气气球。
氢气氛是指反应瓶连接一个约1L容积的氢气气球。
加压氢化反应使用Parr 3916EKX型氢化仪和清蓝QL-500型氢气发生器或HC2-SS型氢化仪。
氢化反应通常抽真空,充入氢气,反复操作3次。
微波反应使用CEM Discover-S 908860型微波反应器。
实施例中无特殊说明,溶液是指水溶液。
实施例中无特殊说明,反应的温度为室温,为20℃~30℃。
实施例中的反应进程的监测采用薄层色谱法(TLC),反应所使用的展开剂的体 系有:A:二氯甲烷和甲醇体系,B:正己烷和乙酸乙酯体系,C:石油醚和乙酸乙酯体系,D:丙酮,溶剂的体积比根据化合物的极性不同而进行调节。
纯化化合物采用的柱层析的洗脱剂的体系和薄层色谱法的展开剂体系包括:A:二氯甲烷和甲醇体系,B:正己烷和乙酸乙酯体系,C:二氯甲烷和丙酮体系,溶剂的体积比根据化合物的极性不同而进行调节,也可以加入少量的三乙胺和醋酸等碱性或酸性试剂进行调节。
合成实施例1方法一
(S)-2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二羰基-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己酰胺)-3-甲基丁酰胺)-N,3-二甲基丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000032
第一步
(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁基3-((1R,2R)-1-羟基-2-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基噁唑烷-3-基)-3-氧代丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸
将(4R,5S)-3-丙酰基-4-甲基-5-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮1b(14.7g,63.1mmol)溶解于120mL二氯甲烷中,冰浴冷却至0℃,滴加三乙胺(9.7mL,72.6mmol)和三氟甲磺酸二丁硼(65mL,65mmol),加毕,搅拌反应1小时。反应液于干冰-丙酮浴中冷却至-78℃,将(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁基3-甲酰基-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸1a(12g,56.8mmol,采用专利申请“WO2008081399”公开的方法制备而得)溶解于10mL二氯甲烷中,向反应液中滴加上述溶液,加毕,搅拌反应2小时。撤去干冰丙酮浴, 反应液自然升温至0℃,在0℃下,反应1.5小时。向反应液中加入100mL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.0)和甲醇的混合溶液(V:V=1:3),再加入100mL甲醇和双氧水(30%)的混合溶液(V:V=2:1),搅拌30分钟。反应液减压蒸除有机相,剩余水相用二氯甲烷(150mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,用水(100mL×2)洗涤,饱和氯化钠溶液(100mL×2)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系C纯化所得残余物,得到标题产物1c(15.6g,白色粉末),产率:72.3%。
MS m/z(ESI):445.4[M+1]
第二步
(2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-(叔丁氧羰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-羟基-2-甲基丙酸
将1c(15.7g,35.3mmol)加入500mL四氢呋喃中,冰浴下,边缓慢滴加双氧水(15.3g,134mmol)边控制反应液温度在0℃,再加入一水氢氧化锂(2.5g,60mmol),加毕,撤去冰浴,反应液温度自然升至室温,搅拌反应16小时。冰浴下,向反应液中分批缓慢加入亚硫酸钠(17.8g,141.2mmol),加毕,搅拌反应30分钟,再加入150mL水,撤去冰浴,反应液减压蒸除有机相,剩余水相用二氯甲烷(150mL×3)洗涤,冰浴下,滴加2N的盐酸溶液至pH为2-3,用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取,用水(500mL)洗涤,饱和氯化钠溶液(500mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得到标题产物1d(9.3g,白色固体),产率92%。
MS m/z(ESI):284.3[M-1]
第三步
(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁基3-((1R,2R)-3-(苄氧基)-1-羟基-2-甲基-3-氧代丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸
将1d(9.3g,32.6mmol)溶解于120mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,冰浴至0℃,加入碳酸氢钠(15.06g,179.3mmol)和溴化苄(27.9g,163.1mmol),加毕,撤去冰浴,反应液于20℃搅拌16小时。冰浴下,向反应液中加入200mL饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(150mL×3)萃取反应液,有机相依次用水(200mL)和饱和氯化钠溶液(150mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系C纯化所得残余物,得到标题产物1e(10.3g,油状物),产率:84.2%。MS m/z(ESI):376.4[M+1]
第四步
(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁基3-((1R,2R)-3-(苄氧基)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-氧代丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸
将1e(10.3g,27.4mmol)溶于90mL的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,加入碘甲烷(18mL,234mmol),分批加入60%的氢化钠(1.28g,32.1mmol),搅拌反应30分钟。冰浴下,将200mL饱和氯化铵溶液降温至0℃,加入反应液,搅拌10分钟,用乙酸乙酯(300mL×3)萃取,有机相依次用水(200mL×2)和饱和氯化钠溶液(200mL)洗涤, 用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系C纯化所得残余物,得到标题产物1f(9.3g,油状物),产率:87.2%。
MS m/z(ESI):390.4[M+1]
第五步
(2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-(叔丁氧羰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酸
将1f(9.3g,23.88mmol)溶于90mL四氢呋喃中,加入钯碳(10%,1.86g),氢气置换三次,反应液加热至35℃,搅拌反应30分钟。反应液经硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩干燥,得到粗品标题产物1g(8.2g,油状物),粗产率约100%,产品不经纯化直接进行下一步反应。
第六步
(2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酸盐酸盐
将粗品1g(8.3g,27.7mmol)溶于氯化氢的1,4-二氧六环溶液(5.0M,50mL)中,搅拌反应30分钟。反应液减压浓缩干燥,得到粗品标题产物1h(8.2g,浅黄色液体),粗产率约100%,产品不经纯化直接进行下一步反应。
第七步
(2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-(((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酸
将粗品1h(8.2g,41.2mmol)溶解于70mL水中,加入70mL的1,4-二氧六环,冰浴下冷却至0℃,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(31.9g,247.2mmol)。将9-芴甲基-N-琥珀酰亚胺基羧酸酯(18.06g,53.56mmol)溶解于70mL的1,4-二氧六环中,将上述溶液加入到反应液中,加毕,撤去冰浴,反应液温度自然升至室温,搅拌反应2.5小时。反应液减压蒸除有机相,加入100mL水,冰浴下滴加1N的盐酸至反应液pH为2,用二氯甲烷(300mL×3)萃取,有机相依次用水(300mL×2)和饱和氯化钠溶液(300mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化所得残余物,得到标题产物1i(8.7g,白色泡沫状固体),产率:85%。
MS m/z(ESI):422.4[M+1]
第八步
(S)-2,4-二甲氧基苄基2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)胺基)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
将(S)-2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)胺基)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1j(13g,32.6mmol)溶解于50mL二氯甲烷中,加入3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醇(5.93g,35.27mmol),滴加N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛(8.9mL,36.8mmol),加毕,搅拌反应40小时。反应液依次用水(50mL)和饱和氯化钠溶液(50mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系C纯化所得残余物,得到标题产物1k(34.2g,白色固体),粗产率约100%,直接用于下一步反应。
MS m/z(ESI):556.4[M+1]
第九步
(S)-2,4-二甲氧基苄基2-氨基-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
将1k(17g,30.6mmol)溶于40mL二氯甲烷中,加入二乙胺(80mL,0.78mmol),搅拌反应3小时。反应液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化所得残余物,得到标题产物1l(7.8g,白色粘稠物),产率:76.4%。
MS m/z(ESI):334.3[M+1]
第十步
(1S,3S,5S)-(9H-芴-9-基)甲基3-((1R,2R)-3-(((S)-1-((2,4-二甲氧基苄基)氧)-3-(2-氟苯基)-1-氧代丙基-2-基)氨基)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-氧代丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸
条件一:
将1i(2.5g,5.94mmol)和1l(2.04g,5.94mmol)溶于36mL二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液(V:V=5:1)中,加入2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(2.7g,7.13mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(3.1mL,17.8mmol),加毕,20℃搅拌反应1小时。向反应液中加入100mL水,搅拌,分层,有机相依次用水(100mL×2)洗涤,饱和氯化钠溶液(100mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系C纯化所得残余物,得到标题产物1m(3.9g,白色泡沫状固体),产率:89.2%
条件二:
将化合物1i(9.1g,21.62mmol),1l(7.5g,22.69mmol)和、HATU2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(9.9g,25.94mmol)溶于120mL二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液(V:V=5:1)中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(8.4g,64.89mmol),20℃反应1小时。向反应液中加入80mL水,搅拌分层,水相用二氯甲烷(100mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系C纯化所得残余物,得到标题产物1m(15.7g,白色固体),产率:98%。
MS m/z(ESI):737.5[M+1]
第十一步
(S)-2,4-二甲氧基苄基2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
条件一:
将1m(3.9g,5.29mmol)溶于20mL二氯甲烷中,加入二乙胺(40mL,0.39mmol),20℃搅拌反应2小时。反应液减压蒸馏除去大部分二乙胺,加入10mL甲苯,减压浓缩干燥。所得残余物用100mL二氯甲烷溶解,依次用水(100mL×2)洗涤,饱和氯化钠溶液(100mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩, 用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化残留物,得到标题产物1n(2.31g,桔红色固体),产率:84.9%。
条件二:
将1m(15.7g,21.3mmol)溶于100mL二氯甲烷中,于10-15℃缓慢加入二乙胺(150mL,1.5mmol),搅拌反应3小时。反应液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化所得残余物,得到标题产物1n(10g,黄色油状物),产率:91.7%。MS m/z(ESI):515.4[M+1]
第十二步
(S)-2,4-二甲氧基苄基2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((5S,8S,11S,12R)-11-((S)-仲丁基)-1-(9H-芴-9-基)-5,8-二异丙基-12-甲氧基-4,10-二甲基-3,6,9-三羰基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十四烷基-14-酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
条件一:
将1n(2.15g,4.18mmol)和(5S,8S,11S,12R)-11-((S)-仲丁基)-1-(9H-芴-9-基)-5,8-二异丙基-12-甲氧基-4,10-二甲基-3,6,9-三羰基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十四烷-14-羧酸1o(2.66g,4.18mmol,采用专利申请“WO 2013072813”公开的方法制备而得)溶于36mL二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液(V:V=5:1)中,加入2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(1.9g,5.01mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.18mL,12.54mmol),20℃搅拌反应1小时。加入100mL水,搅拌,分层,有机相依次用水(100mL×2)洗涤,饱和氯化钠溶液(100mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化残留物,得到标题产物1p(3.55g,白色泡沫状固体),产率:75.8%。
条件二:
将1n(12.41g,19.46mmol)溶于100ml无水乙腈中,冰浴下加入2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(8.8g,23.35mmol),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(7.6g,58.38mmol),于0-5℃搅拌反应10分钟,加入(5S,8S,11S,12R)-11-((S)-仲丁基)-1-(9H-芴-9-基)-5,8-二异丙基-12-甲氧基-4,10-二甲基-3,6,9-三羰基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十四烷-14-羧酸1o(10g,19.46mmol),搅拌反应1小时。向反应液中加入100mL水,加入100mL乙酸乙酯,分液,有机相用50ml水洗涤,水相用乙酸乙酯(100mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化残留物,得到粗品标题产物1p(21.7g,黄色油状物),粗产率约100%,直接用于下一步反应。
MS m/z(ESI):1151.6[M+18]
第十三步
(S)-2,4-二甲氧基苄基2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-N,3-二甲基-2-((S)-3-甲基-2-(甲基胺基)丁酰胺)丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环 [3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
条件一:
将1p(3.86g,3.4mmol)溶于20mL二氯甲烷中,加入二乙胺(40mL,0.39mmol),20℃搅拌反应2小时。反应液减压蒸馏除大部分二乙胺,所得残余物中加入10mL甲苯,继续减压浓缩干燥。向所得残余物种加入100mL水和100mL二氯甲烷,搅拌,分液,有机相依次用水(100mL×2)洗涤,饱和氯化钠溶液(100mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化残留物,得到标题产物1q(2.73g,黄色泡沫状固体),产率:87%。
条件二:
将粗品1p(21.7g,19.1mmol)溶于100mL无水二氯甲烷中,加入二乙胺(150mL,1.5mmol),10-15℃搅拌反应3小时。反应液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化残留物,得到标题产物1q(15.4g,黄色粘稠物),产率:89%。
MS m/z(ESI):912.9[M+1]
第十四步
(S)-2,4-二甲氧基苄基2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己酰胺)-3-甲基丁酰胺)-N,3-二甲基丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
条件一:
将1q(1.22g,1.34mmol)溶于24mL二氯甲烷和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液(V:V=5:1)中,依次加入6-马来酰亚胺基己酸(282mg,1.34mmol),2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(610mg,1.61mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.7mL,4.02mmol),搅拌反应1小时。向反应液中加入50mL水,搅拌,分层,有机相依次用水(50mL×2)洗涤,饱和氯化钠溶液(50mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化残留物,得到标题产物1r(780mg,白色泡沫状固体),产率:52.8%。
条件二:
将6-马来酰亚胺基己酸(3.8g,17.98mmol)溶于200mL无水乙腈中,冰盐浴下,控制反应液温度为-5-0℃,缓慢加入2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(7.8g,20.68mmol),N,N-二异丙基乙胺(7.0g,53.34mmol),搅拌反应15分钟,加入1q(15.4g,17.98mmol),继续搅拌1小时。向反应液中加入100mL水和100mL乙酸乙酯,分液,有机相用50mL水洗涤,水相用乙酸乙酯(100mL×2)萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化残留物,得到粗品标题产物1r(12g,白色固体),粗产率约60%,直接用于下一步反应。
MS m/z(ESI):1122.7[M+18]
第十五步
(S)-2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二羰基-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己酰胺)-3-甲基丁酰胺)-N,3-二甲基丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
条件一:
将1r(1.56g,1.41mmol)溶于三氟乙酸的二氯甲烷溶液中(2.5%,40mL),搅拌反应20分钟。冰浴下减压蒸除二氯甲烷,所得残余物减压干燥后用二氯甲烷溶解,湿法上样,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化,得到标题产物1(960mg,白色泡沫状固体),产率:71.1%。
条件二:
将粗品1r(12g,10.86mmol)溶于50mL无水二氯甲烷中,冰浴下,加入三氟乙酸的二氯甲烷溶液(2.5%,150mL),搅拌反应3小时。反应液低温减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系A纯化残留物,得到标题产物1(5.5g,白色固体),产率:53.4%。
MS m/z(ESI):956.0[M+1]
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ7.36-7.30(m,1H),7.29-7.21(m,1H),7.17-7.02(m,2H),6.83-6.79(m,2H),4.81-4.71(m,2H),4.69-4.55(m,2H),4.25-4.15(m,1H),4.13-4.04(m,1H),3.96-3.85(m,2H),3.70-3.61(m,1H),3.55-3.46(m,3H),3.40-3.21(m,4H),3.18-3.10(m,2H),3.07-2.96(m,4H),2.67-2.56(m,2H),2.54-2.34(m,3H),2.29-2.17(m,2H),2.10-1.99(m,1H),1.89-1.57(m,7H),1.52-1.28(m,6H),1.21-1.11(m,4H),1.07-0.96(m,6H),0.95-0.81(m,12H),0.80-0.69(m,1H).
发明人的WO2016/127790中合成实施例1的方法
(S)-2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二羰基-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己酰胺)-3-甲基丁酰胺)-N,3-二甲基丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000033
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000034
第一步
(S)-叔丁酯2-氨基-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
将原料((S)-2-氨基-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1s(400mg,2.18mmol,采用公知的方法“Advanced Synthesis&Catalysis,2012,354(17),3327-3332”制备而得)溶于10mL乙酸叔丁酯,加入高氯酸(300mg(70%),3.3mmol),于室温下搅拌16小时。反应完毕后加入6mL水,分液,有机相用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(5mL)洗涤。水相用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节至pH=8,二氯甲烷(5mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,依次用水(3mL),饱和氯化钠溶液(5mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩得粗品标题产物(S)-叔丁酯2-氨基-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1t(390mg,黄色油状物),产品不经纯化直接进行下一步反应。
第二步
(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁酯3-((1R,2R)-3-(((S)-1-(叔丁氧基)-3-(2-氟苯基)-1-羰基丙基-2-基)氨基)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-羰基丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸
将原料(2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-(叔丁氧羰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酸1g(100mg,0.334mmol)溶于6mL二氯甲烷和二甲基甲酰胺(V/V=5:1)混合溶剂中,加入反应物粗品(S)-叔丁酯2-氨基-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1t(80mg,0.334mmol)。再加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.29mL,1.67mmol)和2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(152.3mg,0.40mmol)。反应体系在氩气氛下,于室温搅拌1小时。反应结束后,加10mL水搅拌,分层,二氯甲烷层用饱和氯化钠溶液(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩。用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系B纯化所得残余物,得到标题产物(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁酯3-((1R,2R)-3-(((S)-1-(叔丁氧基)-3-(2-氟苯基)-1-羰基丙基-2-基)氨基)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-羰基丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸1u(173mg,无色液体),收率99.5%。 MS m/z(ESI):521.2[M+1]
第三步
(S)-叔丁酯2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
将原料(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁酯3-((1R,2R)-3-(((S)-1-(叔丁氧基)-3-(2-氟苯基)-1-羰基丙基-2-基)氨基)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-羰基丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸1u(173mg,0.33mmol)溶于2mL二氧六环中,加入5.6M的氯化氢二氧六环溶液(0.21mL,1.16mmol),氩气氛下,于室温搅拌1小时,置于0℃冰箱内12小时。反应结束后,将反应液减压浓缩,加入5mL二氯甲烷稀释,加入10mL饱和碳酸氢钠溶液,搅拌10分钟。体系分层,水层用二氯甲烷萃取(5mL×3)。合并二氯甲烷层,用饱和氯化钠溶液(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得到粗品标题产品(S)-叔丁酯2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1v(77mg,黄色液体),产品不经纯化直接进行下一步反应。
MS m/z(ESI):421.2[M+1]
第四步
(S)-叔丁酯2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((5S,8S,11S,12R)-11-((S)-仲丁基)-1-(9H-芴-9-基)-5,8-二异丙基-12-甲氧基-4,10-二甲基-3,6,9-三羰基-2-氧-4,7,10-三氮杂十四烷基-14-酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
将粗品(S)-叔丁酯2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1v(77mg,0.183mmol),(5S,8S,11S,12R)-11-((S)-仲丁基)-1-(9H-芴-9-基)-5,8-二异丙基-12-甲氧基-4,10-二甲基-3,6,9-三羰基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十四烷-14-羧酸1o(116.8mg,0.183mmol)溶于6mL二氯甲烷和二甲基甲酰胺(V/V=5:1)混合溶剂中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.16mL,0.915mmol)和2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(84mg,0.22mmol)。反应体系在氩气氛下,于室温下搅拌1小时。反应结束后,加入10mL水搅拌,分层。二氯甲烷层用饱和氯化钠溶液(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压浓缩。用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系B纯化残留物,得到标题产品(S)-叔丁酯2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((5S,8S,11S,12R)-11-((S)-仲丁基)-1-(9H-芴-9-基)-5,8-二异丙基-12-甲氧基-4,10-二甲基-3,6,9-三羰基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十四烷基-14-酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1w(190.5mg,黄色粘稠物),收率100%。
MS m/z(ESI):1040.6[M+1]
第五步
(S)-叔丁酯2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-N,3-二甲基-2-((S)-3-甲基 -2-(甲基氨基)丁酰胺)丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
将原料(S)-叔丁酯2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((5S,8S,11S,12R)-11-((S)-仲丁基)-1-(9H-芴-9-基)-5,8-二异丙基-12-甲氧基-4,10-二甲基-3,6,9-三羰基-2-氧杂-4,7,10-三氮杂十四烷基-14-酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1w(190.5mg,0.183mmol)溶于1.5mL二氯甲烷中,加入2mL二乙胺。反应体系在氩气氛下,于室温搅拌3小时。反应结束后,将反应液减压浓缩,得到粗品标题产品(S)-叔丁酯2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-N,3-二甲基-2-((S)-3-甲基-2-(甲基氨基)丁酰胺)丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1x(150mg,黄色粘稠物),产品不经纯化直接进行下一步反应。
MS m/z(ESI):818.5[M+1]
第六步
(S)-2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-N,3-二甲基-2-((S)-3-甲基-2-(甲基氨基)丁酰胺)丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸
将粗品(S)-叔丁酯2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-N,3-二甲基-2-((S)-3-甲基-2-(甲基氨基)丁酰胺)丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1x(150mg,0.183mmol)溶于1mL二氧六环中,加入5.6M的氯化氢二氧六环溶液3mL,氩气氛下,于室温搅拌12小时。反应结束后,将反应液减压浓缩,用乙醚带旋溶剂。所得残余物用高效液相色谱法纯化得标题产品(S)-2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-N,3-二甲基-2-((S)-3-甲基-2-(甲基氨基)丁酰胺)丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1y(28mg,白色粉末固体),收率20%。
MS m/z(ESI):762.7[M+1]
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ7.38-7.18(m,2H),7.13-7.01(m,2H),4.80-4.67(m,2H),4.30-4.15(m,1H),4.13-4.01(m,1H),3.96-3.83(m,2H),3.75-3.60(m,2H),3.42-3.11(m,9H),3.06-2.95(m,1H),2.70-2.58(m,4H),2.28-2.01(m,4H),1.88-1.70(m,3H),1.57-1.25(m,4H),1.22-0.95(m,18H),0.92-0.80(m,4H),0.78-0.65(m,1H).
第七步
将原料(S)-2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-N,3-二甲基-2-((S)-3-甲基-2-(甲基氨基)丁酰胺)丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1y(25mg,0.033mmol)溶于3mL二氯甲烷中,加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(0.029mL,0.164mmol),反应体系在氩气氛下,冰浴下滴加预制的6-(2,5-二羰基-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酰氯(11.3mg,0.049mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液,于室温反应3小时。反应结束后,加入5mL水,搅 拌20分钟,分液,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,残留物用高效液相色谱法纯化得标题产物(S)-2-((2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-((3R,4S,5S)-4-((S)-2-((S)-2-(6-(2,5-二羰基-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基己酰胺)-3-甲基丁酰胺)-N,3-二甲基丁酰胺)-3-甲氧基-5-甲基庚酰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酰胺)-3-(2-氟苯基)丙酸1(7mg,黄色粘稠物),收率22.4%。
MS m/z(ESI):955.4[M+1]
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ7.36-7.30(m,1H),7.29-7.21(m,1H),7.17-7.02(m,2H),6.83-6.79(m,2H),4.81-4.71(m,2H),4.69-4.55(m,2H),4.25-4.15(m,1H),4.13-4.04(m,1H),3.96-3.85(m,2H),3.70-3.61(m,1H),3.55-3.46(m,3H),3.40-3.21(m,4H),3.18-3.10(m,2H),3.07-2.96(m,4H),2.67-2.56(m,2H),2.54-2.34(m,3H),2.29-2.17(m,2H),2.10-1.99(m,1H),1.89-1.57(m,7H),1.52-1.28(m,6H),1.21-1.11(m,4H),1.07-0.96(m,6H),0.95-0.81(m,12H),0.80-0.69(m,1H).
使用现有技术的制备方法制备本发明的底物化合物的具体步骤在本发明人的WO2016/127790中已经记载如下:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000035
第一步
(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁酯3-((1R,2R)-1-羟基-2-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-羰基-5-苯基噁唑-3-基)-3-羰基丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸
将原料(4R,5S)-4-甲基-5-苯基-3-丙酰基噁唑烷酮1b(1.96g,9.26mmol,采用公知的方法“Journal of the American Chemical Society,2003,125(50),15512-15520”制备而得)溶于25mL二氯甲烷中,氩气氛下,降温至0℃。反应液于0℃下滴加三乙胺(1.49mL,10.93mmol),再滴加三氟甲磺酸二丁硼(9.7mL,9.72mmol),于0℃下搅拌50分钟,干冰丙酮浴下将反应液降温至-75℃,加入(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁酯3-甲酰基-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸1a(2.16g,9.26mmol,采用专利申请“US20100249190”公开的方法制备而得)溶于7mL二氯甲烷的溶液,于-75℃下搅拌1.5小时,于0℃搅拌2小时,于室温搅拌1小时。反应结束后,加入36mL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.0)和甲醇(V/V=1:3)的混合液。于0℃下加入36mL甲醇和双氧水 (30%)(V/V=2:1)的混合液,于室温搅拌1小时。减压浓缩除去有机相,加入少量水,用乙醚(50mL×3)萃取,依次用5%碳酸氢钠溶液,饱和氯化钠溶液(150mL)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系B纯化残留物,得标题产物(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁酯3-((1R,2R)-1-羟基-2-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-羰基-5-苯基噁唑-3-基)-3-羰基丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸1c(2.4g,白色泡沫状固体),产率58.5%。
MS m/z(ESI):345.1[M-100+1]
第二步
(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁酯3-((1R,2R)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-羰基-5-苯基噁唑-3-基)-3-羰基丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸
将原料(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁酯3-((1R,2R)-1-羟基-2-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-羰基-5-苯基噁唑-3-基)-3-羰基丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸1c(1.4g,3.15mmol)溶于20mL二氯甲烷,加入1.4g碾碎的分子筛,氩气氛下,于0℃下加入1,8-双二甲氨基萘(1.75g,8.19mmol),三甲基氧鎓四氟硼酸盐(1.16g,7.87mmol),反应避光,于室温搅拌40小时。反应结束后,过滤,滤饼用二氯甲烷洗涤,滤液用饱和氯化铵溶液(50mL×4)洗去过量1,8-双二甲氨基萘,再用饱和氯化钠溶液(120mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,用硅胶柱色谱法以洗脱剂体系B纯化所得残余物,得到标题产物(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁酯3-((1R,2R)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-羰基-5-苯基噁唑-3-基)-3-羰基丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸1d’(400mg,白色固体),产率27.8%。
MS m/z(ESI):459.4[M+1]
第三步
(2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-(叔丁氧羰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酸
将原料(1S,3S,5S)-叔丁酯3-((1R,2R)-1-甲氧基-2-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-羰基-5-苯基噁唑-3-基)-3-羰基丙基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸1d’(400mg,0.87mmol)溶于24mL四氢呋喃,氩气氛下,降温至0℃,缓慢滴加30%的双氧水(0.34mL/0.38g,3.31mmol),再加入一水合氢氧化锂(62mg,,1.48mmol),反应体系于室温反应20小时。反应结束后,向反应液中加入亚硫酸钠固体(440mg,3.48mmol),于室温搅拌1小时,加入10mL水,减压浓缩掉有机相,所得残余物用二氯甲烷萃取(40mL×2)。水相在冰浴下滴加2N盐酸至反应液pH为3~4,用乙酸乙酯萃取(25mL×3),乙酸乙酯层依次用水(50mL),饱和氯化钠溶液(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩得标题产物(2R,3R)-3-((1S,3S,5S)-2-(叔丁氧羰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酸1g(230mg,无色液体),收率88.0%。
MS m/z(ESI):200.1[M-100+1]
比较两种方法生成中间体1g的收率如下表:
Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-000036
从上表我们可以看到:
本发明采用先保护羧基在上甲基的方法在合成路线上虽然比使用现有技术的合成路线长,但是总收率大大提高,约提高3倍,具有适合工业化生产等特点,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。
由于已根据其特殊的实施方案描述了本发明,某些修饰和等价变化对于精通此领域的技术人员是显而易见的且包括在本发明的范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种通式(III)所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100001
    其中:
    A为3-8元环,优选3元环;
    R1为氢原子或氨基保护基,优选Boc、Fmoc、Alloc、Troc、Teoc、CBz、Tosyl、Nosyl和t-Bu;
    R2为氢原子或羧基保护基,优选DMB、Bn、Allyl、PfP、Me、PMB、MEM和t-Bu。
  2. 一种如权利要求1所述的通式(III)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其由含手性辅基(R3)的通式(II)所示手性化合物在碱性条件下水解或任选进一步上羧基保护基得到通式(III)所示化合物的步骤,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100002
    其中:
    手性辅基(R3)选自:
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100003
    X为S或O;
    碱性试剂优选氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯或氢氧化锂,更优选氢氧化锂;
    R1~R2如权利要求1中定义。
  3. 一种通式(IV)所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100004
    其中:
    A为3-8元环,优选3元环;
    R1为氢原子或氨基保护基,优选Boc、Fmoc、Alloc、Troc、Teoc、CBz、Tosyl、Nosyl和t-Bu;
    R2为羧基保护基,优选DMB、Bn、Allyl、PfP、Me、PMB、MEM和t-Bu;
    Rx选自烷基和环烷基,其中所述的烷基和环烷基各自独立地任选被选自烷基、卤代烷基、卤素、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、烷氧基、羟烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个或多个取代基所取代;优选Rx为甲基。
  4. 一种如权利要求3所述的通式(IV)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,其由通式(III)所示化合物与烷基化试剂反应,生成通式(IV)所示的化合物的步骤,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100005
    其中:
    所述的烷基化试剂选自卤代烷、硫酸二甲酯、碳酸二甲酯、磺酸酯、磷酸三甲酯和Me3 +BF4 -;优选碘甲烷和Me3 +BF4 -
    A、R1、R2和Rx如权利要求3中定义。
  5. 一种用如权利要求3所述的通式(IV)所示化合物的制备通式(V)所示化合物的方法,其特征在于,其由通式(IV)所示化合物脱去羧基保护基,生成通式(V)所示的化合物的步骤,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100006
    其中:
    A、R1、R2和Rx如权利要求3中定义。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制备(V)所示化合物的方法,其特征在于,还进一步包含通过式(III)化合物制备通式(IV)所示的化合物的步骤,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100007
    其中:
    A、R1、R2和Rx如权利要求3中定义。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的制备(V)所示化合物的方法,其特征在于,还进一步包含通过式(II)化合物制备通式(III)所示化合物的制备方法步骤,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100008
    其中:
    A、R1、R2和Rx如权利要求3中定义。
  8. 一种通式(I)所示的化合物的制备方法,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100009
    其特征在于,所述方法包括由含手性辅基(R3)的通式(II)所示手性化合物在碱性条件下水解或任选进一步上羧基保护基得到通式(III)所示化合物的步骤;由通式(III)所示化合物与卤代烷发生烷基化反应,生成通式(IV)所示的化合物的步骤,通式(IV)化合物脱去羧基保护基得到通式(V)化合物;和由通式(V)所示的化合物经过一系列反应生成通式(I)所示的化合物的步骤;
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100010
    其中:
    A为3-8元环,优选3元环;
    R为卤素,优选氟、氯、溴或碘,最优选氟;
    R1为氨基保护基,优选Boc、Fmoc、Alloc、Troc、CBz、Teoc、Tosyl、Nosyl和t-Bu;
    R2为羧基保护基,优选DMB、Bn、Allyl、PfP、Me、PMB、MEM和t-Bu;
    Rx选自烷基和环烷基,其中所述的烷基和环烷基各自独立地任选被选自烷基、卤代烷基、卤素、羟基、氨基、硝基、氰基、烷氧基、羟烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基中的一个或多个取代基所取代;优选Rx为甲基;
    n为1、2、3、4或5。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括通式(V)所示的化合物脱氨基保护得到通式(VI)所示的化合物的步骤,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100011
    其中:
    A、R1和Rx如权利要求8中定义。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括通式(VI)所示的化合物上Fmoc保护基得到通式(VIII)所示的化合物的步骤,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100012
    其中:
    A和Rx如权利要求8中定义。
  11. 根据权利要求8-10任意一项所述的式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括下述步骤:通式(IX)所示的化合物进一步得到羧基保护基通式(X)所示的化合物,该通式(X)所示的化合物脱去Fmoc后得到通式(XI)所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100013
    其中:
    R4为羧基保护基,优选DMB;
    R和n如权利要求8中定义。
  12. 根据权利要求8-11任意一项所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括下述步骤:通式(VIII)所示的化合物进一步与通式(XI)所示的化合物在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应,得到通式(XII)所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100014
    其中:
    所述的缩合剂优选1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N,N'-二环己基碳化二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二酰亚胺、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯、1-羟基苯并三唑、1-羟基-7-偶氮苯并三氮唑、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲脲六氟磷酸酯、2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐或六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷,更优选2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;
    A、R、R4、Rx和n如权利要求8中定义。
  13. 根据权利要求8-12任意一项所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括下述步骤:
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100015
    1)通式(XII)所示的化合物在碱性条件下脱去Fmoc保护基得到式(I-E)的化合物;
    2)通式化合物(I-E)与通式化合物(I-D)在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应得到通式(I-C)所示的手性中间体;
    3)通式化合物(I-C)在碱性条件下脱去Fmoc保护基得到通式(I-B)所示的手性化合物;
    4)通式化合物(I-B)与6-马来酰亚胺基己酸在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应得到通式(I-A)所示的化合物;
    5)通式化合物(I-A)在酸性条件下脱去羧基保护基得到通式(I)所示的目标化合物;
    其中:
    R4为羧基保护基,优选DMB;
    所述的步骤1)或步骤3)中的碱性条件的试剂包括有机碱和无机碱类,所述的有机碱类优选三乙胺、二乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、六甲基二硅基胺基钠,正丁基锂、叔丁醇钾或四丁基溴化铵,所述的无机碱类优选氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾或碳酸铯,更优选为二乙胺;
    所述的步骤2)或步骤4)中的缩合剂优选1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N,N'-二环己基碳化二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二酰亚胺、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯、1-羟基苯并三唑、1-羟基-7-偶氮苯并三氮唑、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲脲六氟磷酸酯、2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四 甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐或六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷,更优选2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;
    其中所述的步骤5)中的酸性条件的试剂优选氯化氢溶液、盐酸、硝酸、磷酸、对苯甲磺酸、Me3SiCl、TMSOTf、三氟乙酸或硫酸,更优选三氟乙酸;
    A、R、Rx和n如权利要求8中定义。
  14. 根据权利要求8所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括通式(V)所示的化合物进一步与通式(XI)所示的化合物在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应,得到通式(VII)所示的化合物的步骤;
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100016
    其中:
    所述的缩合剂优选1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N,N'-二环己基碳化二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二酰亚胺、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯、1-羟基苯并三唑、1-羟基-7-偶氮苯并三氮唑、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲脲六氟磷酸酯、2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐或六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷,更优选2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;
    A、R、R1、R4、Rx和n如权利要求8中定义。
  15. 根据权利要求8或14任意一项所述的通式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还进一步包括下述步骤:
    Figure PCTCN2017074756-appb-100017
    1)通式(V)所示的化合物进一步与通式(XI)所示的化合物在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应,得到通式(VII)所示的化合物的步骤;
    2)通式(VII)所示的化合物碱性条件下脱去氨基保护基得到通式(I-E)的化合物;
    3)通式化合物(I-E)与通式化合物(I-D)在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应得到通式(I-C)所示的手性中间体;
    4)通式化合物(I-C)在碱性条件下脱去Fmoc保护基得到通式(I-B)所示的手性化合物;
    5)通式化合物(I-B)与6-马来酰亚胺基己酸在缩合剂的作用下发生酰胺化反应得到通式(I-A)所示的化合物;
    6)通式化合物(I-A)在酸性条件下脱去羧基保护基得到通式(I)所示的目标化合物;
    其中:
    所述的步骤1)、步骤3)或步骤5)中的缩合剂优选1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N,N'-二环己基碳化二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二酰亚胺、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯、1-羟基苯并三唑、1-羟基-7-偶氮苯并三氮唑、O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲脲六氟磷酸酯、2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六 氟磷酸盐或六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷,更优选2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;
    所述的步骤2)或步骤4)中的碱性条件的试剂包括有机碱和无机碱类,所述的有机碱类包括但优选三乙胺、二乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、六甲基二硅基胺基钠,正丁基锂、叔丁醇钾或四丁基溴化铵,所述的无机碱类优选氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾或碳酸铯,更优选为二乙胺;
    所述的步骤6)中的酸性条件的试剂优选氯化氢溶液、盐酸、硝酸、磷酸、对苯甲磺酸、Me3SiCl、TMSOTf、三氟乙酸或硫酸,更优选三氟乙酸;
    R4为羧基保护基,优选DMB;
    A、R、R1、Rx和n如权利要求8中定义。
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