WO2017135130A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017135130A1 WO2017135130A1 PCT/JP2017/002638 JP2017002638W WO2017135130A1 WO 2017135130 A1 WO2017135130 A1 WO 2017135130A1 JP 2017002638 W JP2017002638 W JP 2017002638W WO 2017135130 A1 WO2017135130 A1 WO 2017135130A1
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- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N desyl alcohol Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012933 diacyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004132 diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diimidazo[1,3-b:1',3'-e]pyrazine-5,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CN=CN2C(=O)C2=CN=CN12 UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NHOGGUYTANYCGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxybenzene Chemical compound C=COC1=CC=CC=C1 NHOGGUYTANYCGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDCYKCDXXPQIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound C=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 AZDCYKCDXXPQIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl cyclohexane Natural products CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVUXVDIFQSGECB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)carbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC MVUXVDIFQSGECB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHBPZEDIFIPGSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)carbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC MHBPZEDIFIPGSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940119545 isobornyl methacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;bromide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[Br-] IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005439 maleimidyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC(N1*)=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFLOWLFQCMNSRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-tert-butylperoxycarbonyl-4-(3-tert-butylperoxycarbonyl-4-methoxycarbonylbenzoyl)benzoate Chemical compound C1=C(C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C)C(C(=O)OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C(C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C)=C1 NFLOWLFQCMNSRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGYTYDNWEZVHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-tert-butylperoxycarbonyl-4-(4-tert-butylperoxycarbonyl-3-methoxycarbonylbenzoyl)benzoate Chemical compound C1=C(C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C)C(C(=O)OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C)C(C(=O)OC)=C1 ZGYTYDNWEZVHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNEQIOWZBXJFCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-tert-butylperoxycarbonyl-5-(4-tert-butylperoxycarbonyl-3-methoxycarbonylbenzoyl)benzoate Chemical compound C1=C(C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C)C(C(=O)OC)=CC(C(=O)C=2C=C(C(C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C)=CC=2)C(=O)OC)=C1 ZNEQIOWZBXJFCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHBRUUFBSBSTHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-(3-trimethoxysilylpropylamino)ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCNCCN NHBRUUFBSBSTHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URMCFMOUMIWRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine;n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCNCCN.CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN URMCFMOUMIWRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIBWSLLLJZULCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 LIBWSLLLJZULCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRLVKWBBFWKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-3-triethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNCC1=CC=CC=C1 ILRLVKWBBFWKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLYWMXVFAMGARU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCC1=CC=CC=C1 CLYWMXVFAMGARU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEEYREPSKCQBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylmaleimide Chemical compound CN1C(=O)C=CC1=O SEEYREPSKCQBBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBEGHXKAFSLLGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenylnitramide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 VBEGHXKAFSLLGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVYCQBKSRWZZGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC(=O)C(=C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 HVYCQBKSRWZZGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N parbenate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 FZUGPQWGEGAKET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004351 phenylcyclohexyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1(CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012673 precipitation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)O ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940032159 propylene carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116423 propylene glycol diacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tamibarotene Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=CC=1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CS1 CBDKQYKMCICBOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005407 trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel polymer composition, a liquid crystal alignment film using the same, and a method for producing a substrate having the alignment film. Further, the present invention relates to a novel method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element having excellent tilt angle characteristics.
- the liquid crystal display element is known as a light, thin, and low power consumption display device and has been remarkably developed in recent years.
- the liquid crystal display element is configured, for example, by sandwiching a liquid crystal layer between a pair of transparent substrates provided with electrodes.
- an organic film made of an organic material is used as the liquid crystal alignment film so that the liquid crystal is in a desired alignment state between the substrates.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is a component of the liquid crystal display element, and is formed on the surface of the substrate that holds the liquid crystal in contact with the liquid crystal, and plays a role of aligning the liquid crystal in a certain direction between the substrates.
- the liquid crystal alignment film may be required to play a role of controlling the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal in addition to the role of aligning the liquid crystal in a certain direction such as a direction parallel to the substrate.
- alignment control ability is given by performing an alignment treatment on the organic film constituting the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the rubbing method is a method of rubbing (rubbing) the surface of an organic film such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide or polyimide on a substrate with a cloth such as cotton, nylon or polyester in the rubbing direction (rubbing direction).
- This is a method of aligning liquid crystals. Since this rubbing method can easily realize a relatively stable alignment state of liquid crystals, it has been used in the manufacturing process of conventional liquid crystal display elements.
- an organic film used for the liquid crystal alignment film a polyimide-based organic film excellent in reliability such as heat resistance and electrical characteristics has been mainly selected.
- Anisotropy is formed in the organic film constituting the liquid crystal alignment film by linearly polarized light or collimated light, and the liquid crystal is aligned according to the anisotropy.
- a decomposition type photo-alignment method is known as a main photo-alignment method.
- the polyimide film is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays, and anisotropic decomposition is caused by utilizing the polarization direction dependence of the ultraviolet absorption of the molecular structure. Then, the liquid crystal is aligned by the polyimide remaining without being decomposed (see Patent Document 1).
- a photo-alignment method using a photocrosslinking type is also known.
- polyvinyl cinnamate is used and irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays to cause a dimerization reaction (crosslinking reaction) at the double bond portion of two side chains parallel to the polarized light.
- a pretilt angle appears by irradiating polarized ultraviolet rays in an oblique direction (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 2 when a side chain polymer having coumarin in the side chain is used, polarized UV light is irradiated to cause a photocrosslinking reaction in the coumarin part of the side chain parallel to the polarized light, and the liquid crystal is aligned in a direction parallel to the polarization direction.
- the liquid crystal alignment film alignment treatment method by the photo alignment method does not require rubbing, and there is no fear of generation of dust or static electricity.
- An alignment process can be performed even on a substrate of a liquid crystal display element having an uneven surface, which is a method for aligning a liquid crystal alignment film suitable for an industrial production process.
- the alignment direction can be controlled by ultraviolet rays in the photo-alignment method, it is possible to form a plurality of regions having different alignment directions (alignment division) in a pixel to compensate for viewing angle dependency.
- the liquid crystal alignment film also plays a role of providing a certain tilt angle (pretilt angle) to the liquid crystal, and the provision of the pretilt angle has become an important issue in the development of liquid crystal alignment films (patents).
- pretilt angle a certain tilt angle
- the photo-alignment method eliminates the rubbing process itself as compared with the rubbing method that has been used industrially as an alignment treatment method for liquid crystal display elements, and thus has a great advantage. And compared with the rubbing method in which the alignment control ability becomes almost constant by rubbing, the photo alignment method can control the alignment control ability by changing the irradiation amount of polarized light.
- the photo-alignment method in order to achieve the same degree of alignment control ability as in the rubbing method, a stable liquid crystal alignment may not be realized, for example, a large amount of polarized light irradiation is required. .
- the present invention provides a substrate having a liquid crystal alignment film for a liquid crystal display element having high efficiency and orientation control ability and excellent tilt angle characteristics, and a vertical electrolytic driving type liquid crystal display element having the substrate (for example, twisted nematic (TN : Twisted Nematic (LCD) element, Vertical Alignment (VA) liquid crystal display element, STN (Super-Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal display element, ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) liquid crystal display element, and OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) ) Type liquid crystal display element).
- TN Twisted Nematic
- VA Vertical Alignment
- STN Super-Twisted Nematic
- ECB Electrodefringence
- OCB Optically Compensated Bend
- the object of the present invention is to provide a vertical electrolytic drive type (for example, twisted nematic type liquid crystal display element, VA type liquid crystal display element, STN type liquid crystal display element, ECB type liquid crystal having improved tilt angle characteristics. It is to provide a display element and an OCB type liquid crystal display element) and a liquid crystal alignment film for the element.
- the vertical electrolysis-driven liquid crystal display element is a method of driving liquid crystal molecules by applying an electric field in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface.
- a polymer composition containing (A) a photosensitive side chain polymer that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range, (B) a reactive mesogenic compound, and an organic solvent.
- the reactive mesogenic compound of the component (B) may be a compound represented by the following formula (I).
- P is a polymerizable group
- Sp is a spacer group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- X is a group or a single bond selected from —O—, —S—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCO—O—
- MG is a mesogenic group or mesogenic supporting group, which group is preferably selected according to the following formula II: -(A 1 -Z 1 ) m -A 2 -Z 2 -A 3- (II)
- a 1 , A 2 and A 3 are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, and one or more CH groups present in this group are also represented by N May be substituted or is a 1,4-cyclohexylene
- the component (A) may have a photosensitive side chain that causes photocrosslinking, photoisomerization, or photofleece transition.
- the component (A) preferably has any one photosensitive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (1) to (6).
- A, B and D are each independently a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NH—CO—, —CH ⁇ CH—CO
- S is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be replaced by a halogen group
- T is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be replaced with a halogen group
- Y 1 represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring and alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or the same or selected from those substituents.
- R May be substituted with an alkyloxy group of R represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the same definition as Y 1 ;
- X is a single bond, —COO—, —OCO—, —N ⁇ N—, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, —CH ⁇ CH—CO—O—, or —O—CO—CH ⁇ .
- X may be the same or different;
- Cou represents a coumarin-6-yl group or a coumarin-7-yl group, and the hydrogen atoms bonded thereto are independently —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH— May be substituted with CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; one of q1 and q2 is 1 and the other is 0; q3 is 0 or 1; P and Q are each independently selected from the group consisting of a divalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.
- X is —CH ⁇ CH—CO—O— or —O—CO—CH ⁇ CH—
- P or Q on the side to which —CH ⁇ CH— is bonded is an aromatic ring
- l1 is 0 or 1
- l2 is an integer from 0 to 2
- A represents a single bond when T is a single bond
- B represents a single bond when T is a single bond
- H and I are each independently a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, and combinations thereof.
- the component (A) further has any one liquid crystalline side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (21) to (30): Is good.
- A, B, R, q1 and q2 have the same definition as above;
- Y 3 is a group selected from the group consisting of a monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, nitrogen-containing heterocycle, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.
- each hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be independently substituted with —NO 2 , —CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH—CN, halogen group, monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, nitrogen-containing Represents a heterocyclic ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; l represents an integer of 1 to 12, m represents an integer of 0 to 2, provided that in formulas (23) to (26), the sum of all m is 2 or more, and m1, m2, and m3 are Each independently represents an integer of
- ⁇ 6> A step of applying the polymer composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5> above onto a substrate having an electrode for driving a liquid crystal to form a coating film; [II] A step of irradiating the coating film obtained in [I] with ultraviolet rays polarized from an oblique direction; and [III] a step of heating the coating film obtained in [II];
- substrate which has the said liquid crystal aligning film which obtains the liquid crystal aligning film for vertical electrolysis drive type liquid crystal display elements by which orientation control ability was provided by having.
- substrate which has the said liquid crystal aligning film which obtains the liquid crystal aligning film for vertical electrolysis drive type liquid crystal display elements by which orientation control ability was provided by having.
- substrate which has the said liquid crystal aligning film which obtains the liquid crystal aligning film for vertical electrolysis drive type liquid crystal display elements by which orientation control ability was provided by having.
- ⁇ 7> A substrate having a liquid crystal alignment film for a vertical electrolysis-driven liquid crystal display device manufactured by
- the first and second substrates are arranged to face each other so that the alignment directions are orthogonal to each other so that the liquid crystal alignment films of the first and second substrates are opposed to each other through the liquid crystal.
- a method for producing a twisted nematic liquid crystal display element which is a process for obtaining a liquid crystal display element.
- ⁇ 12> A vertical electrolytic driving type liquid crystal display device manufactured according to the above ⁇ 10>.
- ⁇ 13> A twisted nematic liquid crystal display device manufactured according to the above item ⁇ 11>.
- a substrate having a liquid crystal alignment film with high efficiency and orientation control ability and excellent tilt angle characteristics and a vertical electrolysis-driven liquid crystal display device having the substrate (for example, a twisted nematic liquid crystal display device, VA type) Liquid crystal display elements, STN liquid crystal display elements, ECB liquid crystal display elements, and OCB liquid crystal display elements) can be provided.
- the vertical electrolysis driving type liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method of the present invention is provided with the alignment control ability with high efficiency, so that the display characteristics are not impaired even when continuously driven for a long time.
- the polymer composition used in the production method of the present invention has a photosensitive side chain polymer that can exhibit liquid crystallinity (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a side chain polymer), and the polymer composition
- the coating film obtained by using the product is a film having a photosensitive side chain polymer that can exhibit liquid crystallinity.
- This coating film is subjected to orientation treatment by irradiation with polarized light without being rubbed. And after polarized light irradiation, it will become the coating film (henceforth a liquid crystal aligning film) to which the orientation control ability was provided through the process of heating the side chain type polymer film.
- the component (A) is a photosensitive side chain polymer that exhibits liquid crystallinity within a predetermined temperature range.
- the (A) side chain polymer preferably reacts with light in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 400 nm and exhibits liquid crystallinity in the temperature range of 100 ° C. to 300 ° C.
- the (A) side chain polymer preferably has a photosensitive side chain that reacts with light in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 400 nm.
- the (A) side chain polymer preferably has a mesogenic group in order to exhibit liquid crystallinity in the temperature range of 100 ° C to 300 ° C.
- the side chain type polymer has a photosensitive side chain bonded to the main chain, and can cause a crosslinking reaction, an isomerization reaction, or a light fleece rearrangement in response to light.
- the structure of the side chain having photosensitivity is not particularly limited, but a structure that undergoes a crosslinking reaction or photofleece rearrangement in response to light is desirable, and a structure that causes a crosslinking reaction is more desirable. In this case, even if exposed to external stress such as heat, the achieved orientation control ability can be stably maintained for a long period of time.
- the structure of the photosensitive side chain polymer film capable of exhibiting liquid crystallinity is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies such characteristics, but it is preferable to have a rigid mesogenic component in the side chain structure. In this case, stable liquid crystal alignment can be obtained when the side chain polymer is used as a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the polymer structure has, for example, a main chain and a side chain bonded to the main chain, and the side chain includes a mesogenic component such as a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenylcyclohexyl group, a phenylbenzoate group, and an azobenzene group, and a tip.
- a mesogenic component such as a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenylcyclohexyl group, a phenylbenzoate group, and an azobenzene group, and a tip.
- More specific examples of the structure of the photosensitive side chain polymer that can exhibit liquid crystallinity include hydrocarbon, (meth) acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl A main chain composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of radical polymerizable groups such as maleimide and norbornene and siloxane, and a photosensitive side chain composed of at least one of the following formulas (1) to (6) It is preferable that it has a structure.
- A, B, and D are each independently a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NH—CO—, —CH ⁇ CH—CO—.
- S is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be replaced by a halogen group;
- T is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be replaced with a halogen group;
- Y 1 represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring and alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or the same or selected from those substituents.
- R May be substituted with an alkyloxy group of R represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the same definition as Y 1 ;
- X is a single bond, —COO—, —OCO—, —N ⁇ N—, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, —CH ⁇ CH—CO—O—, or —O—CO—CH ⁇ .
- X may be the same or different;
- Cou represents a coumarin-6-yl group or a coumarin-7-yl group, and the hydrogen atoms bonded thereto are independently —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH— May be substituted with CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; one of q1 and q2 is 1 and the other is 0; q3 is 0 or 1; P and Q are each independently selected from the group consisting of a divalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.
- X is —CH ⁇ CH—CO—O— or —O—CO—CH ⁇ CH—
- P or Q on the side to which —CH ⁇ CH— is bonded is an aromatic ring
- l1 is 0 or 1
- l2 is an integer from 0 to 2
- A represents a single bond when T is a single bond
- B represents a single bond when T is a single bond
- H and I are each independently a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, and combinations thereof.
- the side chain may be any one type of photosensitive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (7) to (10).
- the side chain may be any one type of photosensitive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (11) to (13).
- A, X, l, m and R have the same definition as above.
- the side chain may be a photosensitive side chain represented by the following formula (14) or (15).
- A, Y 1 , X, 1, m1, and m2 have the same definition as above.
- the side chain may be a photosensitive side chain represented by the following formula (16) or (17).
- A, X, l and m have the same definition as above.
- the side chain is preferably a photosensitive side chain represented by the following formula (18) or (19).
- A, B, Y 1 , q1, q2, m1, and m2 have the same definition as above.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH—CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Represents an oxy group.
- the side chain is preferably a photosensitive side chain represented by the following formula (20).
- A, Y 1 , X, l and m have the same definition as above.
- the (A) side chain polymer preferably has any one liquid crystalline side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (21) to (30). Wherein A, B, R, q1 and q2 have the same definition as above; Y 3 is a group selected from the group consisting of a monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, nitrogen-containing heterocycle, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof.
- each hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be independently substituted with —NO 2 , —CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyloxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, —NO 2 , —CN, —CH ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —CH ⁇ CH—CN, halogen group, monovalent benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring, furan ring, nitrogen-containing Represents a heterocyclic ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; l represents an integer of 1 to 12, m represents an integer of 0 to 2, provided that in formulas (23) to (26), the sum of all m is 2 or more, and m1, m2, and m3 are Each independently represents an integer of
- the photosensitive side chain polymer capable of exhibiting the above liquid crystallinity can be obtained by polymerizing the photoreactive side chain monomer having the above photosensitive side chain and the liquid crystalline side chain monomer.
- the photoreactive side chain monomer is a monomer capable of forming a polymer having a photosensitive side chain at the side chain portion of the polymer when the polymer is formed.
- the photoreactive group possessed by the side chain the following structures and derivatives thereof are preferred.
- photoreactive side chain monomer examples include radical polymerizable groups such as hydrocarbon, (meth) acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene, etc.
- a polymerizable side group composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of siloxane and a photosensitive side chain consisting of at least one of the above formulas (1) to (6), preferably, for example, the above formula (7 ) To (10), a photosensitive side chain comprising at least one of the above formulas (11) to (13), and a photosensitivity represented by the above formula (14) or (15).
- a photosensitive side chain a photosensitive side chain represented by the above formula (16) or (17), a photosensitive side chain represented by the above formula (18) or (19), and a photosensitivity represented by the above formula (20).
- Sex side chain It is preferable that it has a structure.
- Such a photoreactive side chain monomer is preferably one that exhibits a dimerization reaction or an isomerization reaction when irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- Examples of such a monomer include monomers selected from the following formulas M1-1 to M1-22.
- M1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- s1 represents the number of methylene groups, and is a natural number of 2 to 9.
- R is an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- M1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- s1 represents the number of methylene groups, and is a natural number of 2 to 9.
- the liquid crystalline side chain monomer is a monomer in which a polymer derived from the monomer exhibits liquid crystallinity and the polymer can form a mesogenic group at a side chain site.
- a mesogenic group having a side chain even if it is a group having a mesogen structure alone such as biphenyl or phenylbenzoate, or a group having a mesogen structure by hydrogen bonding between side chains such as benzoic acid Good.
- the mesogenic group possessed by the side chain the following structure is preferable.
- liquid crystalline side chain monomers include hydrocarbon, (meth) acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene and other radical polymerizable groups
- a structure having a polymerizable group composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of siloxanes and a side chain composed of at least one of the above formulas (21) to (30) is preferable.
- liquid crystalline monomer for example, a monomer represented by a formula selected from the group consisting of the following formulas M2-1 to M2-10 may be used.
- M1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- M1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- s1 represents the number of methylene groups, It is a natural number.
- the side chain type polymer can be obtained by a copolymerization reaction of the above-described photoreactive side chain monomer exhibiting liquid crystallinity. Further, it can be obtained by copolymerization of a photoreactive side chain monomer that does not exhibit liquid crystallinity and a liquid crystalline side chain monomer, or by copolymerization of a photoreactive side chain monomer that exhibits liquid crystallinity and a liquid crystalline side chain monomer. it can. Furthermore, it can be copolymerized with other monomers as long as the liquid crystallinity is not impaired.
- Examples of other monomers include industrially available monomers capable of radical polymerization reaction. Specific examples of the other monomer include unsaturated carboxylic acid, acrylic ester compound, methacrylic ester compound, maleimide compound, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, styrene compound and vinyl compound.
- unsaturated carboxylic acid examples include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and the like.
- acrylic ester compound examples include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, naphthyl acrylate, anthryl acrylate, anthryl methyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, tert-butyl.
- methacrylic acid ester compound examples include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, naphthyl methacrylate, anthryl methacrylate, anthryl methyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl.
- vinyl compound examples include vinyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, benzyl vinyl ether, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, phenyl vinyl ether, and propyl vinyl ether.
- styrene compound examples include styrene, methyl styrene, chlorostyrene, bromostyrene, and the like.
- maleimide compounds include maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, and N-cyclohexylmaleimide. *
- the content of the photoreactive side chain in the side chain polymer of the present invention is preferably 10 mol% to 100 mol%, more preferably 20 mol% to 95 mol%, more preferably 30 mol% from the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment. More preferred is ⁇ 90 mol%.
- the content of the liquid crystalline side chain in the side chain polymer of the present invention is preferably 90 mol% or less, more preferably 5 mol% to 80 mol%, more preferably 10 mol% to 70 mol%, from the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment. Is more preferable.
- the side chain type polymer of the present invention may contain other side chains other than the photoreactive side chain and the liquid crystalline side chain.
- the content is the remaining portion when the total content of the photoreactive side chain and the liquid crystalline side chain is less than 100%.
- the production method of the side chain polymer of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and a general-purpose method that is handled industrially can be used. Specifically, it can be produced by cationic polymerization, radical polymerization, or anionic polymerization using a vinyl group of a liquid crystalline side chain monomer or photoreactive side chain monomer. Among these, radical polymerization is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of ease of reaction control.
- RAFT reversible addition-cleavage chain transfer
- a radical thermal polymerization initiator is a compound that generates radicals when heated to a decomposition temperature or higher.
- radical thermal polymerization initiators include ketone peroxides (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, etc.), diacyl peroxides (acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, etc.), hydroperoxides (peroxidation).
- the radical photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that initiates radical polymerization by light irradiation.
- examples of such radical photopolymerization initiators include benzophenone, Michler's ketone, 4,4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, xanthone, thioxanthone, isopropylxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, acetophenone, 2-hydroxy -2-methylpropiophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4'-isopropylpropiophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, isopropyl benzoin ether, isobutyl benzoin ether, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, 2,2 -Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, camphorquinone, benzanthrone, 2-methyl-1- [4- (
- the radical polymerization method is not particularly limited, and an emulsion polymerization method, suspension polymerization method, dispersion polymerization method, precipitation polymerization method, bulk polymerization method, solution polymerization method and the like can be used.
- the organic solvent used for the polymerization reaction of the photosensitive side chain polymer capable of exhibiting liquid crystallinity is not particularly limited as long as the generated polymer is soluble. Specific examples are given below.
- organic solvents may be used alone or in combination. Furthermore, even if it is a solvent which does not dissolve the polymer
- the polymerization temperature at the time of radical polymerization can be selected from any temperature of 30 ° C. to 150 ° C., but is preferably in the range of 50 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it is difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution becomes too high and uniform stirring is difficult. Therefore, the monomer concentration is preferably 1% by mass to 50% by mass, more preferably 5% by mass to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the reaction is carried out at a high concentration, and then an organic solvent can be added.
- the molecular weight of the obtained polymer is decreased when the ratio of the radical polymerization initiator is large relative to the monomer, and the molecular weight of the obtained polymer is increased when the ratio is small, the ratio of the radical initiator is
- the content is preferably 0.1 mol% to 10 mol% with respect to the monomer to be polymerized. Further, various monomer components, solvents, initiators and the like can be added during the polymerization.
- the polymer deposited in a poor solvent and precipitated can be recovered by filtration and then dried at normal temperature or under reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating.
- impurities in the polymer can be reduced.
- the poor solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of poor solvents selected from these because purification efficiency is further improved.
- the molecular weight of the (A) side chain polymer of the present invention is measured by a GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method in consideration of the strength of the obtained coating film, workability at the time of forming the coating film, and uniformity of the coating film.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 2,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 5,000 to 100,000.
- the reactive mesogenic compound used in the liquid crystal aligning agent is a compound represented by the following formula I: P-Sp-X-MG-X-Sp-P (I) [In the formula (I), P is a polymerizable group, Sp is a spacer group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, X is a group or a single bond selected from —O—, —S—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCO—O—, MG is a mesogenic group or mesogenic supporting group, which group is preferably selected according to the following formula (II): -(A 1 -Z 1 ) m -A 2 -Z 2 -A 3- (II) (Where A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are, independently of one another, a 1,4-phenylene group, one or more CH groups present in this group may also be replaced by N;
- polymerizable mixtures which contain at least two reactive mesogenic compounds, at least one of which is a compound of the formula I.
- Bicyclic and tricyclic mesogenic compounds are preferred.
- Halogen is preferably F or Cl.
- Phe is 1,4-phenylene and PheL is 1,4-phenylene substituted by at least one group L, where L is F, Cl or It is CN or is an alkyl, alkoxy or alkanoyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be fluorinated, and Cyc is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene.
- Z 1 and Z 2 have the meanings indicated for formula I above.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are —COO—, —OCO—, —CH 2 CH 2 — or —CH ⁇ CH—COO—.
- L is preferably F, Cl, CN, NO 2 , CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OCH 3 , OC 2 H 5 , COCH 3 , COC 2 H 5 , CF 3 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCF 5 ,
- F, Cl, CN, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OCH 3 , COCH 3 and OCF 3 most preferably F, CH 3 , OCH 3 and COCH 3 .
- L has the above meaning and r is 0, 1 or 2.
- r is 0, 1 or 2.
- each L independently has one of the above meanings.
- R present in these preferred compounds has one of the meanings given for P- (Sp) n- .
- P is preferably CH 2 ⁇ CW—COO—, WCH ⁇ CH—O—,
- P is particularly preferably a vinyl group, acrylate group, methacrylate group, propenyl group or epoxy group, very particularly preferably an acrylate group.
- the spacer group Sp is preferably bonded to the polymerizable group P by an ester or ether group or by a single bond.
- the spacer group Sp is preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, still one CH 2 group or not adjoining two or more CH 2 groups present in this group Are —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CO—, —O—CO—, —S—CO—, —O—COO—, —CO—S—, A linear or branched alkylene group optionally substituted by —CO—O—, —CH (halogen) —, —CH (CN) —, —CH ⁇ CH— or —C ⁇ C—. .
- Representative spacer groups are, for example, — (CH 2 ) 0 —, — (CH 2 CH 2 O) r —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —S—CH 2 CH 2 — or —CH 2 CH 2 —NH—CH 2 CH 2 —, in which o is an integer from 2 to 12 and r is an integer from 1 to 3.
- Suitable spacer groups are, for example, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylene-thioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene and 1-methylalkylene.
- two P, Sp and X may be the same or different.
- x and y are each independently 1 to 12
- M 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- L 1 and L 2 are each independently H, halogen or CN.
- Organic solvent used for the polymer composition used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic solvent that dissolves the resin component. Specific examples are given below. N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, pyridine, Dimethylsulfone, hexamethylsulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-ethoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 1,3 -Dimethyl-imidazolidinone, ethyl amyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone
- a polymer composition is applied to the side of the substrate on which the electrode is formed.
- the polymer composition used in the production method of the present invention comprises (A) a photosensitive side chain polymer that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range, (B) a reactive mesogenic compound, and (C) an organic compound. Contains a solvent.
- the polymer composition used in the present invention is preferably prepared as a coating solution so as to be suitable for forming a liquid crystal alignment film. That is, the polymer composition used in the present invention is preferably prepared as a solution in which a resin component for forming a resin film is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the resin component is a resin component containing a photosensitive side chain polymer capable of exhibiting the liquid crystallinity already described.
- the content of the resin component is preferably 1% by mass to 20% by mass, more preferably 3% by mass to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 3% by mass to 10% by mass.
- the resin component described above may be a photosensitive side chain polymer that can all exhibit the above-described liquid crystallinity, but does not impair the liquid crystal developing ability and the photosensitive performance.
- Other polymers may be mixed within the range.
- the content of the other polymer in the resin component is 0.5 to 80% by mass, preferably 1 to 50% by mass.
- examples of such other polymers include polymers that are made of poly (meth) acrylate, polyamic acid, polyimide, and the like and are not a photosensitive side chain polymer that can exhibit liquid crystallinity.
- the polymer composition used in the present invention may contain components other than the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C). Examples thereof include solvents and compounds that improve the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when the polymer composition is applied, and compounds that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- solvent poor solvent which improves the uniformity of film thickness and surface smoothness.
- solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- it is preferably 5% by mass to 80% by mass of the total solvent, more preferably so as not to significantly reduce the solubility of the entire solvent contained in the polymer composition. Is 20% by mass to 60% by mass.
- Examples of the compound that improves film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. More specifically, for example, Ftop (registered trademark) 301, EF303, EF352 (manufactured by Tochem Products), MegaFac (registered trademark) F171, F173, R-30 (manufactured by DIC), Florard FC430, FC431 (Manufactured by Sumitomo 3M), Asahi Guard (registered trademark) AG710 (manufactured by Asahi Glass), Surflon (registered trademark) S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical) It is done.
- the use ratio of these surfactants is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the polymer composition. Part by mass.
- the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include the following functional silane-containing compounds.
- phenoplasts and epoxy group-containing compounds for the purpose of preventing the deterioration of electrical characteristics due to the backlight when the liquid crystal display element is constructed
- An agent may be contained in the polymer composition. Specific phenoplast additives are shown below, but are not limited to this structure.
- Specific epoxy group-containing compounds include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1, 6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerin diglycidyl ether, 2,2-dibromoneopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3,5,6-tetraglycidyl-2,4-hexanediol, N, N, N ′, N ′,-tetraglycidyl-m-xylenediamine, 1,3-bis (N, N-diglycidylaminomethyl) cyclohexane, N, N, N ′, N ′,-tetraglycidyl- , 4'-diaminodip
- the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the polymer composition. More preferably, it is 1 to 20 parts by mass. If the amount used is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the effect of improving the adhesion cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 30 parts by mass, the orientation of the liquid crystal may deteriorate.
- a photosensitizer can also be used as an additive. Colorless and triplet sensitizers are preferred.
- Aromatic 2-hydroxyketones (2-hydroxybenzophenone, mono- or di-p- (dimethylamino) -2-hydroxybenzophenone), acetophenone, anthraquinone, xanthone, thioxanthone, benzanthrone, thiazoline (2-benzoylmethylene-3 -Methyl- ⁇ -naphthothiazoline, 2- ( ⁇ -naphthoylmethylene) -3-methylbenzothiazoline, 2- ( ⁇ -naphthoylmethylene) -3-methylbenzothiazoline, 2- (4-biphenoylmethylene)- 3-methylbenzothia Phosphorus, 2- ( ⁇ -nap
- Aromatic 2-hydroxy ketone (benzophenone), coumarin, ketocoumarin, carbonyl biscoumarin, acetophenone, anthraquinone, xanthone, thioxanthone, and acetophenone ketal are preferred.
- the method for producing a substrate having the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is as follows. [I] (A) A photosensitive side chain polymer that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range, (B) a polymer composition containing a reactive mesogenic compound and an organic solvent, and an electrode for driving a liquid crystal Applying on a substrate having a coating film; [II] a step of irradiating the coating film obtained in [I] with polarized ultraviolet rays; and [III] a step of heating the coating film obtained in [II];
- a vertical electrolysis-driven liquid crystal display element for example, a twisted nematic liquid crystal display element, a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element, an STN type liquid crystal display element, an ECB type liquid crystal display element, and an OCB type liquid crystal provided with alignment control ability
- a liquid crystal alignment film for display element can be obtained, and a substrate having the liquid crystal alignment film can be obtained.
- a second substrate is prepared, whereby a vertical electrolytic drive type liquid crystal display element (for example, a twisted nematic type liquid crystal display element, a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element).
- a vertical electrolytic drive type liquid crystal display element for example, a twisted nematic type liquid crystal display element, a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element.
- STN liquid crystal display elements, ECB liquid crystal display elements, and OCB liquid crystal display elements can be obtained.
- the second substrate by using the steps [I] to [III], a second substrate having a liquid crystal alignment film imparted with an alignment control ability can be obtained.
- the manufacturing method of the vertical electrolytic drive type liquid crystal display element is as follows: [IV] A step of obtaining a liquid crystal display element by arranging the first and second substrates obtained above so that the liquid crystal alignment films of the first and second substrates face each other with liquid crystal interposed therebetween; Have At that time, the substrates with the first and second alignment films obtained above and having a tilt angle of 10 to 50 degrees have the rubbing direction (liquid crystal alignment) parallel and the same direction (parallel alignment). If it arrange
- a twisted nematic liquid crystal display element can be obtained if the rubbing directions are orthogonal to each other, that is, twisted about 90 degrees, and an STN type liquid crystal display element can be obtained if the rubbing directions are twisted about 260 degrees.
- an ECB type liquid crystal display element can be obtained.
- step [I] (A) a photosensitive side chain polymer that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range, (B) a reactive mesogenic compound, and an organic solvent are formed on a substrate having electrodes for driving liquid crystal. The polymer composition contained is applied to form a coating film.
- ⁇ Board> Although it does not specifically limit about a board
- the method for applying the polymer composition described above onto a substrate having an electrode for driving a liquid crystal is not particularly limited.
- the application method is generally performed by screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, an inkjet method, or the like.
- Other coating methods include a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method (rotary coating method), or a spray method, and these may be used depending on the purpose.
- the polymer composition After the polymer composition is applied onto a substrate having an electrode for driving a liquid crystal, it is 50 to 230 ° C., preferably 50 to 200 ° C., by a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven or an IR (infrared) oven.
- the solvent can be evaporated for 0.4 to 60 minutes, preferably 0.5 to 10 minutes to obtain a coating film.
- the drying temperature at this time is preferably lower than the liquid crystal phase expression temperature of the side chain polymer. If the thickness of the coating film is too thick, it will be disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered.
- it is preferably 5 nm to 300 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 150 nm. It is. In addition, it is also possible to provide the process of cooling the board
- step [II] the coating film obtained in step [I] is irradiated with ultraviolet rays polarized from an oblique direction.
- the substrate is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays through a polarizing plate from a certain direction.
- ultraviolet rays to be used ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 100 nm to 400 nm can be used.
- the optimum wavelength is selected through a filter or the like depending on the type of coating film used.
- ultraviolet light having a wavelength in the range of 290 nm to 400 nm can be selected and used so that the photocrosslinking reaction can be selectively induced.
- the ultraviolet light for example, light emitted from a high-pressure mercury lamp can be used.
- the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays depends on the coating film used.
- the amount of irradiation is polarized ultraviolet light that realizes the maximum value of ⁇ A (hereinafter also referred to as ⁇ Amax), which is the difference between the ultraviolet light absorbance in a direction parallel to the polarization direction of polarized ultraviolet light and the ultraviolet light absorbance in a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarized ultraviolet light.
- the amount is preferably in the range of 1% to 70%, more preferably in the range of 1% to 50%.
- the direction of irradiation of polarized ultraviolet rays is usually 1 ° to 89 ° with respect to the substrate, preferably 10 ° to 80 °, particularly preferably 20 ° to 70 °.
- this angle is too small, there is a problem that the pretilt angle becomes small, and when it is too large, there is a problem that the pretilt angle becomes high.
- the method of adjusting the irradiation direction to the above angle includes a method of tilting the substrate itself and a method of tilting the light source, but tilting the light source itself is more preferable from the viewpoint of throughput.
- step [III] the ultraviolet-irradiated coating film polarized in step [II] is heated.
- An orientation control ability can be imparted to the coating film by heating.
- a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation type oven, or an IR (infrared) type oven can be used.
- the heating temperature can be determined in consideration of the temperature at which the liquid crystallinity of the coating film used is developed.
- the heating temperature is preferably within the temperature range of the temperature at which the side chain polymer exhibits liquid crystallinity (hereinafter referred to as liquid crystal expression temperature).
- the liquid crystal expression temperature on the coating film surface is expected to be lower than the liquid crystal expression temperature when a photosensitive side chain polymer that can exhibit liquid crystallinity is observed in bulk.
- the heating temperature is more preferably within the temperature range of the liquid crystal expression temperature on the coating film surface. That is, the temperature range of the heating temperature after irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays is 10 ° C. lower than the lower limit of the temperature range of the liquid crystal expression temperature of the side chain polymer used, and 10 ° C.
- the liquid crystal expression temperature is not less than the glass transition temperature (Tg) at which the side chain polymer or coating film surface undergoes a phase transition from the solid phase to the liquid crystal phase, and from the liquid crystal phase to the isotropic phase (isotropic phase). It means a temperature below the isotropic phase transition temperature (Tiso) that causes a phase transition.
- the thickness of the coating film formed after heating is preferably 5 nm to 300 nm, more preferably 50 nm to 150 nm for the same reason described in the step [I].
- the process includes two substrates obtained in [III] arranged so that the side on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed faces each other, a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, a substrate and a liquid crystal layer And a liquid crystal cell having the liquid crystal alignment film formed with the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention.
- a vertical electrolysis drive type liquid crystal display element of the present invention a twisted nematic (TN) type, a vertical alignment (VA) type, a STN (Super-Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal display element, an ECB (ECB)
- TN twisted nematic
- VA vertical alignment
- STN Super-Twisted Nematic
- ECB ECB
- OOB electrically controlled birefringence
- OCB alignment Optically Compensated Bend
- the first and second substrates described above are prepared, spacers are dispersed on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and the liquid crystal alignment film surface is on the inside.
- the ultraviolet light exposure directions are orthogonal to each other.
- the other substrate is bonded as described above, and the liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure. Examples include a method of sealing, a method of performing sealing by bonding a substrate after dropping liquid crystal on a liquid crystal alignment film surface on which spacers are dispersed, and the like.
- the diameter of the spacer at this time is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. This spacer diameter determines the distance between the pair of substrates that sandwich the liquid crystal layer, that is, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.
- the obtained liquid crystal display element is preferably annealed for further alignment stability.
- the heating temperature is the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal, preferably 10 to 160 ° C., more preferably 50 to 140 ° C.
- substrate with a coating film of this invention irradiates the polarized ultraviolet-ray, after apply
- the coating film used in the present invention realizes the introduction of highly efficient anisotropy into the coating film by utilizing the principle of molecular reorientation induced by the side chain photoreaction and liquid crystallinity. .
- the coating film used in the method of the present invention is a liquid crystal alignment film having anisotropy introduced with high efficiency and excellent alignment control ability by sequentially performing irradiation of polarized ultraviolet rays on the coating film and heat treatment. can do.
- the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays to the coating film and the heating temperature in the heat treatment are optimized. Thereby, introduction of anisotropy into the coating film with high efficiency can be realized.
- the optimum irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays for introducing highly efficient anisotropy into the coating film used in the present invention is such that the photosensitive group undergoes photocrosslinking reaction, photoisomerization reaction, or photofries rearrangement reaction in the coating film.
- the photo-crosslinking reaction, photoisomerization reaction, or photo-fleece rearrangement reaction has few photosensitive groups in the side chain, the amount of photoreaction will not be sufficient. . In that case, sufficient self-organization does not proceed even after heating.
- the crosslinking reaction between the side chains is caused when the photosensitive group of the side chain undergoing the crosslinking reaction becomes excessive. Too much progress. In that case, the resulting film may become rigid and hinder the progress of self-assembly by subsequent heating.
- the coating film used in the present invention is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays to the structure having the light Fleece rearrangement group, if the photosensitive group of the side chain that undergoes the light Fleece rearrangement reaction becomes excessive, the liquid crystallinity of the coating film Will drop too much.
- the liquid crystallinity of the obtained film is also lowered, which may hinder the progress of self-assembly by subsequent heating. Furthermore, when irradiating polarized ultraviolet light to a structure having a photo-fleece rearrangement group, if the amount of ultraviolet light irradiation is too large, the side-chain polymer is photodegraded, preventing the subsequent self-organization by heating. It may become.
- the optimum amount of the photopolymerization reaction, photoisomerization reaction, or photofleece rearrangement reaction of the side chain photosensitive group by irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays is the side chain polymer film. It is preferably 0.1 to 40 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 20 mol% of the photosensitive group possessed by.
- the coating film used in the method of the present invention by optimizing the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays, photocrosslinking reaction or photoisomerization reaction of photosensitive groups or photofleece rearrangement reaction in the side chain of the side chain polymer film Optimize the amount of. Then, in combination with the subsequent heat treatment, highly efficient introduction of anisotropy into the coating film used in the present invention is realized. In that case, a suitable amount of polarized ultraviolet rays can be determined based on the evaluation of ultraviolet absorption of the coating film used in the present invention.
- the ultraviolet absorption in the direction parallel to the polarization direction of the polarized ultraviolet ray and the ultraviolet absorption in the vertical direction after the irradiation with the polarized ultraviolet ray are measured.
- ⁇ A which is the difference between the ultraviolet absorbance in the direction parallel to the polarization direction of polarized ultraviolet rays and the ultraviolet absorbance in the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the maximum value of ⁇ A ( ⁇ Amax) realized in the coating film used in the present invention and the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet light that realizes it are obtained.
- a preferable amount of polarized ultraviolet rays to be irradiated in the production of the liquid crystal alignment film can be determined on the basis of the amount of polarized ultraviolet rays to realize this ⁇ Amax.
- the amount of irradiation of polarized ultraviolet rays onto the coating film used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 1% to 70% of the amount of polarized ultraviolet rays that realizes ⁇ Amax. More preferably, it is within the range of 50%.
- the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet light within the range of 1% to 50% of the amount of polarized ultraviolet light that realizes ⁇ Amax is 0. 0% of the entire photosensitive group of the side chain polymer film. 1 mol% to 20 mol% corresponds to the amount of polarized ultraviolet light that undergoes a photocrosslinking reaction.
- a suitable heating temperature as described above is set based on the liquid crystal temperature range of the side chain polymer. It is good to decide. Therefore, for example, when the liquid crystal temperature range of the side chain polymer used in the present invention is 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., the heating temperature after irradiation with polarized ultraviolet light is desirably 90 ° C. to 190 ° C. By doing so, greater anisotropy is imparted to the coating film used in the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display element provided by the present invention exhibits high reliability against external stresses such as light and heat.
- the vertical electrolytic driving type liquid crystal display element substrate manufactured by the method of the present invention or the vertical electrolytic driving type liquid crystal display element having the substrate has excellent reliability and has a large screen. It can be suitably used for high-definition liquid crystal televisions.
- MA1 was synthesized with reference to Macromolecules 2007, 40, 6355-6360.
- PLC1 was purchased and used.
- PLC2 LC242 (BASF), which is commercially available, was used.
- PLC4 was synthesized by a synthesis method described in a patent document (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-118717).
- PLC5 is a novel compound that has not been published yet.
- PLC5 was synthesized using PLC4 and PLC5-1, and details thereof will be described in “ ⁇ Synthesis of Compound PLC5>” below.
- PLC5-1 was synthesized by the synthesis method described in the literature (Liquid Crystals (2005), 32 (8), 1031-1044.).
- M6BC manufactured by Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the conditions for measuring the molecular weight of the resin are as follows. Apparatus: Room temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) apparatus (SSC-7200) manufactured by Senshu Scientific Co., Ltd. Column: Column manufactured by Shodex (KD-803, KD-805), Column temperature: 50 ° C.
- GPC room temperature gel permeation chromatography
- N N′-dimethylformamide (as additives, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr ⁇ H 2 O) is 30 mmol / L, phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystal (o-phosphoric acid) is 30 mmol / L, Tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 10 ml / L), Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min, Standard sample for preparing calibration curve: TSK standard polyethylene oxide (molecular weight: about 9,000,150,000, 100,000, 30,000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and polyethylene glycol (molecular weight: about 12,000, 4) manufactured by Polymer Laboratories , 1,000, 1,000).
- ⁇ Methacrylate polymer synthesis example 1> MA1 (28.6 g, 50.0 mmol) is dissolved in NMP (163.7 g), degassed with a diaphragm pump and purged with nitrogen, then AIBN (0.25 g, 1.5 mmol) is added and degassed again. Ventilated and purged with nitrogen. Thereafter, the mixture was reacted at 60 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a polymer solution of methacrylate. This polymer solution was added dropwise to diethyl ether (5000 ml), and the resulting precipitate was filtered. This precipitate was washed with diethyl ether and dried under reduced pressure in an oven at 40 ° C. to obtain methacrylate polymer powder P1.
- the number average molecular weight of the obtained methacrylate polymer was 46,000, and the weight average molecular weight was 119,600.
- NMP 114.0 g was added to the resulting methacrylic polymer powder (A) (6.0 g), and dissolved by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- BCS (30.0g) was added to this solution, and liquid crystal aligning agent B1 was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- Example 1 0.04 g (10% by mass with respect to the solid content) of the liquid crystalline compound PLC1 obtained in Synthesis Example 1 is added to 10.0 g of the liquid crystal aligning agent B1 obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. And dissolved to prepare liquid crystal aligning agent B2.
- the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent B2 was preserve
- Example 2 0.10 g (25% by mass with respect to the solid content) of the liquid crystalline compound PLC1 obtained in Synthesis Example 1 is added to 10.0 g of the liquid crystal aligning agent B1 obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. And dissolved to prepare liquid crystal aligning agent B3.
- the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent B3 was preserve
- Example 3 0.10 g (25% by mass with respect to the solid content) of the liquid crystalline compound PLC2 obtained in Synthesis Example 1 is added to 10.0 g of the liquid crystal aligning agent B1 obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. And dissolved to prepare liquid crystal aligning agent B4.
- the obtained liquid crystal aligning agent B4 was preserve
- Example 4 [Production of liquid crystal cell] Using the liquid crystal aligning agent B3 obtained in Example 1, a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell was produced according to the procedure shown below.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent B3 obtained in Example 1 was spin-coated on the ITO surface of the ITO electrode substrate on which the ITO electrode pattern was formed, dried on a hot plate at 70 ° C. for 90 seconds, and then horizontally with respect to the substrate.
- a polarized ultraviolet ray of 313 nm tilted by 40 ° was irradiated by 50 mJ / cm 2 and heated for 10 minutes on a 200 ° C. hot plate to form a liquid crystal alignment film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- a sealant (solvent type thermosetting epoxy resin) was printed thereon. Subsequently, after bonding with two board
- Example 5 A twisted nematic liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the angle of the polarized ultraviolet light was changed to 30 °.
- Example 6 A twisted nematic liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the polarized ultraviolet irradiation angle was 45 °.
- Example 7 A twisted nematic liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent B4 was used instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent B3.
- Example 8 A twisted nematic liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent B4 was used instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent B3.
- Example 9 A twisted nematic liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent B4 was used instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent B3.
- Example 10 A twisted nematic liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent B2 was used instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent B3.
- Example 5 A twisted nematic liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent B1 was used instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent B3 in Example 4.
- the pretilt angle (°) of the twisted nematic liquid crystal cell was measured by “Axo Scan” manufactured by Axo Metrix and using the Mueller matrix method.
- an arbitrary pretilt can be exhibited by irradiating ultraviolet rays obliquely to the alignment film including the liquid crystal compound in the examples according to the present invention. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal alignment film suitable for the twisted nematic mode.
- Example 11 A liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 6, and then irradiated with 5 J / cm 2 of UV through a 365 nm bandpass filter from the outside of the liquid crystal cell.
- VHR Voltage holding ratio
- a voltage of 5 V was applied to the obtained liquid crystal cell at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 60 ⁇ s, and a holding voltage of the liquid crystal cell was measured after 16.67 ms.
- Example 11 since the voltage holding ratio is improved by polymerizing the liquid crystalline compound in the liquid crystal cell by irradiating with 365 nm ultraviolet light in Example 11 according to the present invention, the long-term reliability is excellent.
- a liquid crystal display element can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明の目的は、上記目的に加えて、向上したチルト角特性を有する縦電解駆動型(例えば、ツイストネマチック型液晶表示素子、VA型液晶表示素子、STN型液晶表示素子、ECB型液晶表示素子及びOCB型液晶表示素子)及び該素子のための液晶配向膜を提供することにある。なお、縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子とは、基板面に対し垂直方向に電界を印加し、液晶分子を駆動する方式のことである。
<1> (A)所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子、(B)反応性メソゲン化合物及び有機溶媒を含有する重合体組成物。
P-Sp-X-MG-X-Sp-P (I)
[式(I)中、
Pは重合性基であり、
Spは、炭素原子1~20個を有するスペーサー基であり、
Xは、-O-、-S-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCO-O-から選択される基または単結合であり、
MGは、メソゲン基またはメソゲン支持基であり、この基は好ましくは、下記式IIに従い選択され:
-(A1-Z1)m-A2-Z2-A3- (II)
(式(II)中、A1、A2およびA3は相互に独立して、1,4-フェニレン基であり、この基中に存在する1個または2個以上のCH基はまたNにより置き換えられていてもよく、あるいは1,4-シクロヘキシレン基であり、この基中に存在する1個のCH2基または隣接していない2個のCH2基はまたOおよび(または)Sにより置き換えられていてもよく、あるいは1,4-シクロヘキセニレン基またはナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基であり、これらの基は全部が未置換であるか、あるいは1個または2個以上のハロゲン、シアノまたはニトロ基により、あるいは炭素原子1~7個を有するアルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアルカノイル基により置換されていてもよく、これらの基中の1個または2個以上のH原子はFまたはClにより置換されていてもよく、
Z1およびZ2はそれぞれ独立して、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2CH2-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-CH=CH-、-C C=、-CH=CH-COO-、-OCO-CH=CH-または単結合であり、かつ
mは、0、1または2である)]。
Sは、炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Tは、単結合または炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Y1は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環および炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素から選ばれる環を表すか、それらの置換基から選ばれる同一又は相異なった2~6の環が結合基Bを介して結合してなる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-COOR0(式中、R0は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表す)、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Y2は、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Rは、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基を表すか、又はY1と同じ定義を表す;
Xは、単結合、-COO-、-OCO-、-N=N-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-CO-O-、又は-O-CO-CH=CH-を表し、Xの数が2となるときは、X同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Couは、クマリン-6-イル基またはクマリン-7-イル基を表し、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
q1とq2は、一方が1で他方が0である;
q3は0または1である;
P及びQは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基である;ただし、Xが-CH=CH-CO-O-、-O-CO-CH=CH-である場合、-CH=CH-が結合する側のP又はQは芳香環である;
l1は0または1である;
l2は0~2の整数である;
l1とl2がともに0であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはAも単結合を表す;
l1が1であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはBも単結合を表す;
H及びIは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、およびそれらの組み合わせから選ばれる基である」。
式中、A、B、R、q1及びq2は上記と同じ定義を有する;
Y3は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
R3は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基を表す;
lは1~12の整数を表し、mは0から2の整数を表し、但し、式(23)~(26)において、全てのmの合計は2以上であり、m1、m2およびm3は、それぞれ独立に1~3の整数を表す;
R2は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、アルキル基、又はアルキルオキシ基を表す;
Z11、Z12は単結合、-CO-、-CH2O-、-CH=N-、-CF2-を表す。
[II] [I]で得られた塗膜に斜め方向から偏光した紫外線を照射する工程;及び
[III] [II]で得られた塗膜を加熱する工程;
を有することによって配向制御能が付与された縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子用液晶配向膜を得る、前記液晶配向膜を有する基板の製造方法。
<7> 上記<6>記載の製造方法により製造された縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子用液晶配向膜を有する基板。
<8> 上記<7>の基板を有する縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子。
<9> 上記<7>の基板を有するツイストネマチック型液晶表示素子またはOCB型液晶表示素子。
上記<6>の工程[I]~[III]を用いることにより、第2の基板を得る工程;及び
[IV] 液晶を介して第1及び第2の基板の液晶配向膜が相対するように、第1及び第2の基板を対向配置して液晶表示素子を得る工程;
を有することにより、縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子を得る、該液晶表示素子の製造方法。
<11> [IV]工程が、液晶を介して第1及び第2の基板の液晶配向膜が相対するように、配向方向が互いに直交するように第1及び第2の基板を対向配置して液晶表示素子を得る工程である、ツイストネマチック型液晶表示素子の製造方法。
<12> 上記<10>により製造された縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子。
<13> 上記<11>により製造されたツイストネマチック型液晶表示素子。
本発明の方法によって製造された縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子は、高効率に配向制御能が付与されているため長時間連続駆動しても表示特性が損なわれることがない。
本発明の製造方法において用いられる重合体組成物は、液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子(以下、単に側鎖型高分子とも呼ぶ)を有しており、前記重合体組成物を用いて得られる塗膜は、液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子を有する膜である。この塗膜にはラビング処理を行うこと無く、偏光照射によって配向処理を行う。そして、偏光照射の後、その側鎖型高分子膜を加熱する工程を経て、配向制御能が付与された塗膜(以下、液晶配向膜とも称する)となる。このとき、偏光照射によって発現した僅かな異方性がドライビングフォースとなり、液晶性の側鎖型高分子自体が自己組織化により効率的に再配向する。その結果、液晶配向膜として高効率な配向処理が実現し、高い配向制御能が付与された液晶配向膜を得ることができる
(A)成分は、所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子である。
(A)側鎖型高分子は、250nm~400nmの波長範囲の光で反応し、かつ100℃~300℃の温度範囲で液晶性を示すのがよい。
(A)側鎖型高分子は、250nm~400nmの波長範囲の光に反応する感光性側鎖を有することが好ましい。
(A)側鎖型高分子は、100℃~300℃の温度範囲で液晶性を示すためメソゲン基を有することが好ましい。
Sは、炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Tは、単結合または炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Y1は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環および炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素から選ばれる環を表すか、それらの置換基から選ばれる同一又は相異なった2~6の環が結合基Bを介して結合してなる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-COOR0(式中、R0は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表す)、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Y2は、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Rは、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基を表すか、又はY1と同じ定義を表す;
Xは、単結合、-COO-、-OCO-、-N=N-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-CO-O-、又は-O-CO-CH=CH-を表し、Xの数が2となるときは、X同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Couは、クマリン-6-イル基またはクマリン-7-イル基を表し、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
q1とq2は、一方が1で他方が0である;
q3は0または1である;
P及びQは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基である;ただし、Xが-CH=CH-CO-O-、-O-CO-CH=CH-である場合、-CH=CH-が結合する側のP又はQは芳香環である;
l1は0または1である;
l2は0~2の整数である;
l1とl2がともに0であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはAも単結合を表す;
l1が1であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはBも単結合を表す;
H及びIは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、およびそれらの組み合わせから選ばれる基である。
式中、A、B、D、Y1、X、Y2、及びRは、上記と同じ定義を有する;
lは1~12の整数を表す;
mは、0~2の整数を表し、m1、m2は1~3の整数を表す;
nは0~12の整数(ただしn=0のときBは単結合である)を表す。
式中、A、X、l、m及びRは、上記と同じ定義を有する。
式中、A、Y1、X、l、m1及びm2は上記と同じ定義を有する。
式中、A、X、l及びmは、上記と同じ定義を有する。
式中、A、B、Y1、q1、q2、m1、及びm2は、上記と同じ定義を有する。
R1は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基を表す。
式中、A、Y1、X、l及びmは上記と同じ定義を有する。
式中、A、B、R、q1及びq2は上記と同じ定義を有する;
Y3は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
R3は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基を表す;
lは1~12の整数を表し、mは0から2の整数を表し、但し、式(23)~(26)において、全てのmの合計は2以上であり、m1、m2およびm3は、それぞれ独立に1~3の整数を表す;
R2は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、アルキル基、又はアルキルオキシ基を表す;
Z11、Z12は単結合、-CO-、-CH2O-、-CH=N-、-CF2-を表す。
上記の液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子は、上記の感光性側鎖を有する光反応性側鎖モノマーおよび液晶性側鎖モノマーを重合することによって得ることができる。
光反応性側鎖モノマーとは、高分子を形成した場合に、高分子の側鎖部位に感光性側鎖を有する高分子を形成することができるモノマーのことである。
側鎖の有する光反応性基としては下記の構造およびその誘導体が好ましい。
液晶性側鎖モノマーとは、該モノマー由来の高分子が液晶性を発現し、該高分子が側鎖部位にメソゲン基を形成することができるモノマーのことである。
側鎖の有するメソゲン基として、ビフェニルやフェニルベンゾエートなどの単独でメソゲン構造となる基であっても、安息香酸などのように側鎖同士が水素結合することでメソゲン構造となる基であってもよい。側鎖の有するメソゲン基としては下記の構造が好ましい。
その他のモノマーの具体例としては、不飽和カルボン酸、アクリル酸エステル化合物、メタクリル酸エステル化合物、マレイミド化合物、アクリロニトリル、マレイン酸無水物、スチレン化合物及びビニル化合物等が挙げられる。
また、ラジカル重合において有機溶媒中の酸素は重合反応を阻害する原因となるので、有機溶媒は可能な程度に脱気されたものを用いることが好ましい。
上述の反応により得られた、液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子の反応溶液から、生成した高分子を回収する場合には、反応溶液を貧溶媒に投入して、それら重合体を沈殿させれば良い。沈殿に用いる貧溶媒としては、メタノール、アセトン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ブチルセルソルブ、ヘプタン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、エタノール、トルエン、ベンゼン、ジエチルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、水等を挙げることができる。貧溶媒に投入して沈殿させた重合体は、濾過して回収した後、常圧あるいは減圧下で、常温あるいは加熱して乾燥することができる。また、沈殿回収した重合体を、有機溶媒に再溶解させ、再沈殿回収する操作を2回~10回繰り返すと、重合体中の不純物を少なくすることができる。この際の貧溶媒として、例えば、アルコール類、ケトン類、炭化水素等が挙げられ、これらの中から選ばれる3種類以上の貧溶媒を用いると、より一層精製の効率が上がるので好ましい。
本発明の好適態様において、液晶配向剤に使用される反応性メソゲン化合物は、下記式Iで表わされる化合物である:
P-Sp-X-MG-X-Sp-P (I)
[式(I)中、
Pは重合性基であり、
Spは、炭素原子1~20個を有するスペーサー基であり、
Xは、-O-、-S-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCO-O-から選択される基または単結合であり、
MGは、メソゲン基またはメソゲン支持基であり、この基は好ましくは、下記式(II)に従い選択され:
-(A1-Z1)m-A2-Z2-A3- (II)
(式中、
A1、A2およびA3は相互に独立して、1,4-フェニレン基であり、この基中に存在する1個または2個以上のCH基はまたNにより置き換えられていてもよく、あるいは1,4-シクロヘキシレン基であり、この基中に存在する1個のCH2基または隣接していない2個のCH2基はまたOおよび(または)Sにより置き換えられていてもよく、あるいは1,4-シクロヘキセニレン基またはナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基であり、これらの基は全部が未置換であるか、あるいは1個または2個以上のハロゲン、シアノまたはニトロ基により、あるいは炭素原子1~7個を有するアルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアルカノイル基により置換されていてもよく、これらの基中の1個または2個以上のH原子はFまたはClにより置換されていてもよく、
Z1およびZ2はそれぞれ独立して、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2CH2-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-CH=CH-、-C C=、-CH=CH-COO-、-OCO-CH=CH-または単結合であり、そして
mは、0、1または2である)]。
二環状および三環状メソゲン化合物は好適である。
ハロゲンは好ましくは、FまたはClである。
Lは好ましくは、F、Cl、CN、NO2、CH3、C2H5、OCH3、OC2H5、COCH3、COC2H5、CF3、OCF3、OCHF2、OCF5、特にF、Cl、CN、CH3、C2H5、OCH3、COCH3およびOCF3、最も好ましくはF、CH3、OCH3およびCOCH3である。
これらの好適式において、基:
これらの好適化合物中に存在するRは、P-(Sp)n-について示されている意味の一つを有する。
これらの化合物は、文献公知であるか、市販されている。
本発明に用いられる重合体組成物に用いる有機溶媒は、樹脂成分を溶解させる有機溶媒であれば特に限定されない。その具体例を以下に挙げる。
N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-メチルカプロラクタム、2-ピロリドン、N-エチルピロリドン、N-ビニルピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラメチル尿素、ピリジン、ジメチルスルホン、ヘキサメチルスルホキシド、γ-ブチロラクトン、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-エトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、1,3-ジメチル-イミダゾリジノン、エチルアミルケトン、メチルノニルケトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソアミルケトン、メチルイソプロピルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジグライム、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、プロピレングリコールモノアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール-tert-ブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールモノアセテート、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノプロピルエーテル、3-メチル-3-メトキシブチルアセテート、トリプロピレングリコールメチルエーテル等が挙げられる。これらは単独で使用しても、混合して使用してもよい。
上記基板の電極が形成された側に、重合体組成物を塗布する。
本発明の製造方法に用いられる、該重合体組成物は、(A)所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子、(B)反応性メソゲン化合物及び(C)有機溶媒を含有する。
本発明に用いられる重合体組成物は、液晶配向膜の形成に好適となるように塗布液として調製されることが好ましい。すなわち、本発明に用いられる重合体組成物は、樹脂被膜を形成するための樹脂成分が有機溶媒に溶解した溶液として調製されることが好ましい。ここで、その樹脂成分とは、既に説明した液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子を含む樹脂成分である。その際、樹脂成分の含有量は、1質量%~20質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは3質量%~15質量%、特に好ましくは3質量%~10質量%である。
そのような他の重合体は、例えば、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートやポリアミック酸やポリイミド等からなり、液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子ではない重合体等が挙げられる。
例えば、イソプロピルアルコール、メトキシメチルペンタノール、メチルセロソルブ、エチルセロソルブ、ブチルセロソルブ、メチルセロソルブアセテート、エチルセロソルブアセテート、ブチルカルビトール、エチルカルビトール、エチルカルビトールアセテート、エチレングリコール、エチレングリコールモノアセテート、エチレングリコールモノイソプロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール、プロピレングリコールモノアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール-tert-ブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールモノアセテート、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノアセテートモノプロピルエーテル、3-メチル-3-メトキシブチルアセテート、トリプロピレングリコールメチルエーテル、3-メチル-3-メトキシブタノール、ジイソプロピルエーテル、エチルイソブチルエーテル、ジイソブチレン、アミルアセテート、ブチルブチレート、ブチルエーテル、ジイソブチルケトン、メチルシクロへキセン、プロピルエーテル、ジヘキシルエーテル、1-ヘキサノール、n-へキサン、n-ペンタン、n-オクタン、ジエチルエーテル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ピルビン酸メチル、ピルビン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸メチルエチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸ブチル、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール、1-エトキシ-2-プロパノール、1-ブトキシ-2-プロパノール、1-フェノキシ-2-プロパノール、プロピレングリコールモノアセテート、プロピレングリコールジアセテート、プロピレングリコール-1-モノメチルエーテル-2-アセテート、プロピレングリコール-1-モノエチルエーテル-2-アセテート、ジプロピレングリコール、2-(2-エトキシプロポキシ)プロパノール、乳酸メチルエステル、乳酸エチルエステル、乳酸n-プロピルエステル、乳酸n-ブチルエステル、乳酸イソアミルエステル等の低表面張力を有する溶媒等が挙げられる。
より具体的には、例えば、エフトップ(登録商標)301、EF303、EF352(トーケムプロダクツ社製)、メガファック(登録商標)F171、F173、R-30(DIC社製)、フロラードFC430、FC431(住友スリーエム社製)、アサヒガード(登録商標)AG710(旭硝子社製)、サーフロン(登録商標)S-382、SC101、SC102、SC103、SC104、SC105、SC106(AGCセイミケミカル社製)等が挙げられる。これらの界面活性剤の使用割合は、重合体組成物に含有される樹脂成分の100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01質量部~2質量部、より好ましくは0.01質量部~1質量部である。
例えば、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-トリエトキシシリルプロピルトリエチレントリアミン、N-トリメトキシシリルプロピルトリエチレントリアミン、10-トリメトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、10-トリエトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、9-トリメトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、9-トリエトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-ビス(オキシエチレン)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-ビス(オキシエチレン)-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
好ましくは、芳香族2-ヒドロキシケトン(ベンゾフェノン)、クマリン、ケトクマリン、カルボニルビスクマリン、アセトフェノン、アントラキノン、キサントン、チオキサントン、およびアセトフェノンケタールである。
[I] (A)所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子、(B)反応性メソゲン化合物及び有機溶媒を含有する重合体組成物を、液晶駆動用の電極を有する基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程;
[II] [I]で得られた塗膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程;及び
[III] [II]で得られた塗膜を加熱する工程;
を有する。
上記工程により、配向制御能が付与された縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子(例えば、ツイストネマチック型液晶表示素子、垂直配向型液晶表示素子、STN型液晶表示素子、ECB型液晶表示素子及びOCB型液晶表示素子)用液晶配向膜を得ることができ、該液晶配向膜を有する基板を得ることができる。
第2の基板は、上記工程[I]~[III]を用いることにより、配向制御能が付与された液晶配向膜を有する第2の基板を得ることができる。
[IV] 上記で得られた第1及び第2の基板を、液晶を介して第1及び第2の基板の液晶配向膜が相対するように、対向配置して液晶表示素子を得る工程;
を有する。その際、上記で得られた第1及び第2の配向膜付き基板であって、チルト角が10~50度のものをラビング方向(液晶の配向)が平行かつ同じ方向(パラレル配向)となるように配置すればOCB型液晶表示素子が得られる。同じ方法を、チルト角が80~90度の配向膜付き基板を2枚用いて行うと垂直配向型液晶表示素子が得られる。ラビング方向が互いに直交するように、すなわち、約90度ねじれるように配置すればツイストネマチック型液晶表示素子が得られ、ラビング方向が約260度ねじれるように配置すればSTN型液晶表示素子が得られる。また、上記で得られた第1及び第2の配向膜付き基板を、配向処理方向が互いに平行かつ反対方向(アンチパラレル)となるように配置すると、ECB型液晶表示素子が得られる。
<工程[I]>
工程[I]では、液晶駆動用の電極を有する基板上に、(A)所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子、(B)反応性メソゲン化合物及び有機溶媒を含有する重合体組成物を塗布して塗膜を形成する。
基板については、特に限定はされないが、製造される液晶表示素子が透過型である場合、透明性の高い基板が用いられることが好ましい。その場合、特に限定はされず、ガラス基板、またはアクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板等を用いることができる。
液晶駆動のための電極としてはITO(Indium Tin Oxide:酸化インジウムスズ)、IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide:酸化インジウム亜鉛)などが好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極はアルミ等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。
基板に電極を形成する方法は、従来公知の手法を用いることができる。
塗布方法は、工業的には、スクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷、フレキソ印刷またはインクジェット法などで行う方法が一般的である。その他の塗布方法としては、ディップ法、ロールコータ法、スリットコータ法、スピンナ法(回転塗布法)またはスプレー法などがあり、目的に応じてこれらを用いてもよい。
塗膜の厚みは、厚すぎると液晶表示素子の消費電力の面で不利となり、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、好ましくは5nm~300nm、より好ましくは10nm~150nmである。
尚、[I]工程の後、続く[II]工程の前に塗膜の形成された基板を室温にまで冷却する工程を設けることも可能である。
工程[II]では、工程[I]で得られた塗膜に、斜め方向から偏光した紫外線を照射する。塗膜の膜面に偏光した紫外線を照射する場合、基板に対して一定の方向から偏光板を介して偏光された紫外線を照射する。使用する紫外線としては、波長100nm~400nmの範囲の紫外線を使用することができる。好ましくは、使用する塗膜の種類によりフィルター等を介して最適な波長を選択する。そして、例えば、選択的に光架橋反応を誘起できるように、波長290nm~400nmの範囲の紫外線を選択して使用することができる。紫外線としては、例えば、高圧水銀灯から放射される光を用いることができる。
工程[III]では、工程[II]で偏光した紫外線の照射された塗膜を加熱する。加熱により、塗膜に配向制御能を付与することができる。
加熱は、ホットプレート、熱循環型オーブンまたはIR(赤外線)型オーブンなどの加熱手段を用いることができる。加熱温度は、使用する塗膜の液晶性を発現させる温度を考慮して決めることができる。
なお、液晶発現温度は、側鎖型高分子または塗膜表面が固体相から液晶相に相転移がおきるガラス転移温度(Tg)以上であって、液晶相からアイソトロピック相(等方相)に相転移を起こすアイソトロピック相転移温度(Tiso)以下の温度をいう。
以上の工程を有することにより、本発明の製造方法では、高効率な、塗膜への異方性の導入を実現することができる。そして、高効率に液晶配向膜付基板を製造することができる。
[IV]工程は、基板の液晶配向膜が形成された側が対向するように配置された2枚の[III]で得られた基板と、基板間に設けられた液晶層と、基板と液晶層との間に設けられ本発明の液晶配向剤により形成された上記液晶配向膜とを有する液晶セルを具備する液晶表示素子である。このような本発明の縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子としては、ツイストネマティック(TN:Twisted Nematic)方式、垂直配向(VA:Vertical Alignment)方式やSTN(Super-Twisted Nematic)型液晶表示素子、ECB(Electrically Controlled Birefringence)型液晶表示素子及びOCB配向(OCB:Optically Compensated Bend)等、種々のものが挙げられる。
本発明に用いる塗膜では、側鎖の光反応と液晶性に基づく自己組織化によって誘起される分子再配向の原理を利用して、塗膜への高効率な異方性の導入を実現する。本発明の製造方法では、側鎖型高分子に光反応性基として光架橋性基を有する構造の場合、側鎖型高分子を用いて基板上に塗膜を形成した後、偏光した紫外線を照射し、次いで、加熱を行った後、液晶表示素子を作成する。
<メタクリルモノマー>
PLC1は市販品を購入して用いた。
PLC2は市販購入可能であるLC242(BASF社)を用いた。
PLC4は特許文献(特開平9-118717)に記載の合成法にて合成した。
PLC5は文献等未公開の新規化合物である。PLC5は、PLC4及びPLC5-1を用いて合成したが、その詳細は以下の「<化合物PLC5の合成>」で説明する。なお、PLC5-1は文献(Liquid Crystals (2005), 32(8), 1031-1044.)に記載の合成法にて合成した。
PLC6は市販購入可能であるM6BC(みどり化学株式会社製)を用いた。
500mL四つ口フラスコに、化合物PLC4(20.00g、65.3mmol)、化合物PLC5-1(14.09g、71.8mmol)、EDC(15.02g、78.4mmol)、DMAP(0.80g、6.53mmol)、THF(200g)を加え23℃で反応を行った。HPLCにて反応追跡を行い、反応終了を確認後、反応溶液を蒸留水(1.2L)に注ぎ、酢酸エチル(2L)を加え、分液操作にて水層を除去した。有機層を蒸留水(500mL)で3回洗浄した後、有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。その後、ろ過、エバポレーターにて溶媒留去することで、オイル状化合物として化合物PLC5-2を得た。引き続き、得られた化合物PLC5-2にピリジニウム p-トルエンスルホン酸(PPTSと表記)(1.59g、6.3mmol)、エタノール(100g)を加え、60℃で加熱撹拌を行った。HPLCにて反応追跡を行い、反応終了を確認後、反応溶液を氷浴で冷却し、析出した固体をろ過、エタノールで洗浄した。得られた固体を減圧乾燥することで、化合物PLC5を19.2g(収率69%)得た。
1H-NMR(400MHz, CDCl3, δppm):8.22-8.18(2H, m), 8.17-8.14(2H, m), 7.36-7.32(2H, m), 7.00-6.96(2H, m), 6.12-6.11(1H, m), 5.57-5.55(1H, m), 4.20-4.16(2H, m), 4.06(2H, t), 1.96-1.95(3H, m), 1.90-1.46(8H, m).
装置: センシュー科学社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC-7200)、
カラム: Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)、
カラム温度: 50℃、
溶離液: N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)、
流速: 1.0ml/分、
検量線作成用標準サンプル: 東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約9000,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、および、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
NMP: N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS: ブチルセロソルブ
AIBN: 2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル
MA1(28.6g、50.0mmol)をNMP(163.7g)中に溶解し、ダイアフラムポンプで脱気し窒素置換を行なった後、AIBNを(0.25g、1.5mmol)を加え再び脱気し窒素置換を行なった。この後60℃で24時間反応させメタクリレートのポリマー溶液を得た。このポリマー溶液をジエチルエーテル(5000ml)に滴下し、得られた沈殿物をろ過した。この沈澱物をジエチルエーテルで洗浄し、40℃のオーブン中で減圧乾燥しメタクリレートポリマー粉末P1を得た。得られたメタクリレートポリマーの数平均分子量は46,000、重量平均分子量は119,600であった。
得られたメタクリルポリマー粉末(A)(6.0g)にNMP(114.0g)を加え、室温にて5時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液にBCS(30.0g)を加え、室温で5時間攪拌することにより液晶配向剤B1を得た。
合成例1で得られた液晶配向剤B1 10.0gに対して合成例1で得られた液晶性化合物PLC1を0.04g(固形分に対して10質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤B2を調製した。
得られた液晶配向剤B2を冷凍庫で1日保存し、解凍したところ、析出物は確認されなかった。
合成例1で得られた液晶配向剤B1 10.0gに対して合成例1で得られた液晶性化合物PLC1を0.10g(固形分に対して25質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤B3を調製した。
得られた液晶配向剤B3を冷凍庫で1日保存し、解凍したところ、析出物は確認されなかった。
合成例1で得られた液晶配向剤B1 10.0gに対して合成例1で得られた液晶性化合物PLC2を0.10g(固形分に対して25質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤B4を調製した。
得られた液晶配向剤B4を冷凍庫で1日保存し、解凍したところ、析出物は確認されなかった。
合成例1で得られた液晶配向剤D1 10.0gに対して合成例1で得られた液晶性化合物PLC3を0.10g(固形分に対して25質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤B5を調製した。
得られた液晶配向剤B5を冷凍庫で1日保存し、解凍したところ、析出物は確認されなかった。
合成例1で得られた液晶配向剤B1 10.0gに対して合成例1で得られた液晶性化合物PLC4を0.10g(固形分に対して25質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤B6を調製した。
得られた液晶配向剤B6を冷凍庫で1日保存し、解凍したところ、析出物は確認されなかった。
合成例1で得られた液晶配向剤B1 10.0gに対して合成例1で得られた液晶性化合物PLC5を0.10g(固形分に対して25質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤B7を調製した。
得られた液晶配向剤B7を冷凍庫で1日保存し、解凍したところ、析出物は確認されなかった。
合成例1で得られた液晶配向剤B1 10.0gに対して合成例1で得られた液晶性化合物PLC6を0.10g(固形分に対して25質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤B8を調製した。
得られた液晶配向剤B8を冷凍庫で1日保存し、解凍したところ、析出物は確認されなかった。
[液晶セルの作製]
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤B3を用いて下記に示すような手順でツイストネマティック液晶セルの作製を行った。
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤B3を、ITO電極パターンが形成されているITO電極基板のITO面にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、基板に対し水平方向から40°傾けた313nmの偏光紫外線を50mJ/cm2照射し、200℃のホットプレートで10分間加熱を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。上記の2枚の基板について一方の基板の液晶配向膜上に6μmのビーズスペーサーを散布した後、その上からシール剤(溶剤型熱硬化タイプのエポキシ樹脂)を印刷した。次いで、配向方向が直行するように2枚の基板と貼り合せた後、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに液晶MLC-2003(C080)(メルク社製商品名)を減圧注入法によって注入し、ツイストネマティック液晶セルを作製した。作製した液晶セルは、その後、120℃の熱風循環式オーブンに1時間入れ、液晶の再配向処理を行った。
上記の偏光紫外線の角度を30°にした以外、実施例4と同様にツイストネマティック液晶セルを作製した。
偏光紫外線照射角度を45°にした以外、実施例4と同様にツイストネマティック液晶セルを作製した。
液晶配向剤B3の代わりに液晶配向剤B4を用いた以外、実施例4と同様にツイストネマティック液晶セルを作製した。
液晶配向剤B3の代わりに液晶配向剤B4を用いた以外、実施例5と同様にツイストネマティック液晶セルを作製した。
液晶配向剤B3の代わりに液晶配向剤B4を用いた以外、実施例6と同様にツイストネマティック液晶セルを作製した。
液晶配向剤B3の代わりに液晶配向剤B2を用いた以外、実施例6と同様にツイストネマティック液晶セルを作製した。
実施例4の液晶配向剤B3の代わりに液晶配向剤B1を用いた以外、実施例4と同様にツイストネマティック液晶セルを作製した。
液晶配向剤B3の代わりに液晶配向剤B1を用いた以外、実施例6と同様にツイストネマティック液晶セルを作製した。
液晶配向剤B3の代わりにそれぞれ液晶配向剤B5~B8を用いた以外、実施例6と同様にツイストネマティック液晶セルを作製した。
ツイストネマティック液晶セルのプレチルト角(°)は、Axo Metrix社製の「Axo Scan」にて、ミュラーマトリクス法を用いて測定した。
実施例6と同じように液晶セルを作製した後、この液晶セルの外側から365nmのバンドパスフィルターを通したUVを5J/cm2照射した。
(電圧保持率(VHR)評価)
VHRの評価は、得られた液晶セルに、60℃の温度下で5Vの電圧を60μs間印加し、16.67ms後に該当液晶セルの保持電圧を測定した。
Claims (13)
- (A)所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子
(B)反応性メソゲン化合物、及び
(C)有機溶媒
を含有する重合体組成物。 - (B)成分の反応性メソゲン化合物が、下記式(I)で表わされる化合物である、請求項1に記載の重合体組成物。
P-Sp-X-MG-X-Sp-P (I)
[式(I)中、
Pは重合性基であり、
Spは、炭素原子1~20個を有するスペーサー基であり、
Xは、-O-、-S-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCO-O-から選択される基または単結合であり、
MGは、メソゲン基またはメソゲン支持基であり、この基は好ましくは、下記式IIに従い選択され:
-(A1-Z1)m-A2-Z2-A3- (II)
(式(II)中、A1、A2およびA3は相互に独立して、1,4-フェニレン基であり、この基中に存在する1個または2個以上のCH基はまたNにより置き換えられていてもよく、あるいは1,4-シクロヘキシレン基であり、この基中に存在する1個のCH2基または隣接していない2個のCH2基はまたOおよび(または)Sにより置き換えられていてもよく、あるいは1,4-シクロヘキセニレン基またはナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基であり、これらの基は全部が未置換であるか、あるいは1個または2個以上のハロゲン、シアノまたはニトロ基により、あるいは炭素原子1~7個を有するアルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアルカノイル基により置換されていてもよく、これらの基中の1個または2個以上のH原子はFまたはClにより置換されていてもよく、
Z1およびZ2はそれぞれ独立して、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2CH2-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-CH=CH-、-C C=、-CH=CH-COO-、-OCO-CH=CH-または単結合であり、かつ
mは、0、1または2である)]。 - (A)成分が、光架橋、光異性化、または光フリース転移を起こす感光性側鎖を有する、請求項1または2に記載の重合体組成物。
- (A)成分が、下記式(1)~(6)からなる群より選ばれるいずれか1種の感光性側鎖を有する、請求項1または2に記載の重合体組成物。
[式中、A、B、Dはそれぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-CH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NH-CO-、-CH=CH-CO-O-、又は-O-CO-CH=CH-を表す;
Sは、炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Tは、単結合または炭素数1~12のアルキレン基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はハロゲン基に置き換えられていてもよい;
Y1は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環および炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素から選ばれる環を表すか、それらの置換基から選ばれる同一又は相異なった2~6の環が結合基Bを介して結合してなる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-COOR0(式中、R0は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表す)、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Y2は、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
Rは、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基を表すか、又はY1と同じ定義を表す;
Couは、クマリン-6-イル基またはクマリン-7-イル基を表し、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
q1とq2は、一方が1で他方が0である;
q3は0または1である;
Xは、単結合、-COO-、-OCO-、-N=N-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-CO-O-、又は-O-CO-CH=CH-を表し、Xの数が2となるときは、X同士は同一でも異なっていてもよい;
P及びQは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基である;ただし、Xが-CH=CH-CO-O-、-O-CO-CH=CH-である場合、-CH=CH-が結合する側のP又はQは芳香環である;
l1は0または1である;
l2は0~2の整数である;
l1とl2がともに0であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはAも単結合を表す;
l1が1であるときは、Tが単結合であるときはBも単結合を表す;
H及びIは、各々独立に、2価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、およびそれらの組み合わせから選ばれる基である]。
- (A)成分が、下記式(21)~(31)[式中、A及びBは上記と同じ定義を有する;
式中、A、B、R、q1及びq2は上記と同じ定義を有する;
Y3は、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、それらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれる基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~5のアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い;
R3は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、-CH=C(CN)2、-CH=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基を表す;
lは1~12の整数を表し、mは0から2の整数を表し、但し、式(23)~(26)において、全てのmの合計は2以上であり、m1、m2およびm3は、それぞれ独立に1~3の整数を表す;
R2は、水素原子、-NO2、-CN、ハロゲン基、1価のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、窒素含有複素環、及び炭素数5~8の脂環式炭化水素、および、アルキル基、又はアルキルオキシ基を表す;
Z11、Z12は単結合、-CO-、-CH2O-、-CH=N-、-CF2-を表す。]からなる群より選ばれるいずれか1種の液晶性側鎖を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の重合体組成物。
- [I] 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を、液晶駆動用の電極を有する基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程;
[II] [I]で得られた塗膜に斜め方向から偏光した紫外線を照射する工程;及び
[III] [II]で得られた塗膜を加熱する工程;
を有することによって配向制御能が付与された液晶配向膜を得る、前記液晶配向膜を有する基板の製造方法。 - 請求項6記載の方法により製造された液晶配向膜を有する基板。
- 請求項7記載の基板を有する縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子。
- 請求項7記載の基板を有するツイストネマチック型液晶表示素子またはOCB型液晶表示素子。
- 請求項7記載の基板(第1の基板)を準備する工程;
請求項6に記載の工程[I]~[III]を用いることにより、第2の基板を得る工程;及び
[IV] 液晶を介して第1及び第2の基板の液晶配向膜が相対するように、第1及び第2の基板を対向配置して液晶表示素子を得る工程;
を有することにより、縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子を得る、該液晶表示素子の製造方法。 - [IV]工程が、液晶を介して第1及び第2の基板の液晶配向膜が相対するように、配向方向が互いに直交するように第1及び第2の基板を対向配置して液晶表示素子を得る工程である、ツイストネマチック型液晶表示素子の製造方法。
- 請求項10記載の方法により製造された縦電解駆動型液晶表示素子。
- 請求項11記載の方法により製造されたツイストネマチック型液晶表示素子。
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