WO2016084179A1 - 無停電電源装置 - Google Patents
無停電電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016084179A1 WO2016084179A1 PCT/JP2014/081313 JP2014081313W WO2016084179A1 WO 2016084179 A1 WO2016084179 A1 WO 2016084179A1 JP 2014081313 W JP2014081313 W JP 2014081313W WO 2016084179 A1 WO2016084179 A1 WO 2016084179A1
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- power
- power supply
- inverter
- voltage
- load
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
- H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an uninterruptible power supply, and in particular, an uninterruptible power supply including a converter that converts AC power supplied from a commercial AC power source into DC power, and an inverter that converts DC power to AC power and supplies the load to a load. Relates to the device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an uninterruptible power supply device including a converter, an inverter, and a DC buck-boost.
- the converter converts AC power supplied from a commercial AC power source into DC power.
- the inverter converts DC power into AC power and supplies it to the load.
- the DC buck-boost supplies the DC power generated by the converter to the storage battery during normal times when AC power is supplied from the commercial AC power supply, and the DC of the storage battery during a power outage when the supply of AC power from the commercial AC power supply is stopped. Supply power to the inverter. Therefore, even when a power failure occurs, the operation of the load can be continued during a period in which DC power is stored in the storage battery.
- Such an uninterruptible power supply is configured to output a constant rated voltage and to maximize the efficiency when the ratio of the load capacity to the rated capacity is a predetermined value (for example, 60%). Therefore, the conventional uninterruptible power supply has a problem that the efficiency becomes lower than the maximum value depending on the load capacity.
- a main object of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient uninterruptible power supply.
- An uninterruptible power supply includes a converter that converts AC power supplied from a commercial AC power source into DC power, and an inverter that converts DC power into AC power and supplies the load to a load.
- DC power generated by the converter is supplied to the inverter and stored in the power storage device.
- the direct current power of the power storage device is supplied to the inverter.
- the load receives an AC voltage within the input allowable voltage range and consumes a certain amount of AC power.
- the efficiency of the uninterruptible power supply is maximized when the ratio of the load capacity to the rated capacity of the uninterruptible power supply is a predetermined value.
- the uninterruptible power supply further includes a control device that controls the output voltage of the inverter within the input allowable voltage range so that the efficiency is increased when the ratio of the load capacity to the rated capacity is different from a predetermined value. .
- the output voltage of the inverter is controlled within the input allowable voltage range of the load so as to increase the efficiency. Therefore, the efficiency can be increased as compared with the conventional case where the output voltage of the inverter is fixed to a constant rated voltage.
- FIG. 1 It is a circuit block diagram which shows the structure of the uninterruptible power supply by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the ratio of the load capacity with respect to the rated capacity of the uninterruptible power supply shown in FIG. 1, and the efficiency of an uninterruptible power supply.
- 3 is a flowchart showing an operation of the control device shown in FIG. 1 in an output voltage control mode.
- 5 is a flowchart illustrating a modification example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating the configuration of the switching element illustrated in FIG. 5. It is a time chart which shows the loss which generate
- FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram showing a configuration of an uninterruptible power supply 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- This uninterruptible power supply 1 converts the three-phase AC power from the commercial AC power source 21 into DC power, converts the DC power into three-phase AC power, and supplies it to the load 24.
- this uninterruptible power supply 1 includes an AC input terminal T1, a bypass input terminal T2, a battery terminal T3, and an AC output.
- a terminal T4 is provided.
- the AC input terminal T ⁇ b> 1 receives AC power having a commercial frequency from the commercial AC power source 21.
- the bypass input terminal T ⁇ b> 2 receives commercial frequency AC power from the bypass AC power supply 22.
- the bypass AC power source 22 may be a commercial AC power source or a generator.
- the battery terminal T3 is connected to a battery (power storage device) 23.
- the battery 23 stores DC power.
- a capacitor may be connected instead of the battery 23.
- the AC output terminal T4 is connected to the load 24.
- the load 24 is driven by AC power.
- This uninterruptible power supply 1 further includes electromagnetic contactors 2, 8, 13, 16, protective fuses 3, 6, AC reactors 4, 11, converter 5, bidirectional chopper 7, smoothing electrolytic capacitor 9, inverter 10 , Capacitor 12, current detector 14, semiconductor switch 15, operation unit 17, and control device 18.
- the electromagnetic contactor 2, the protective fuse 3, and the AC reactor 4 are connected in series between the AC input terminal T1 and the input node of the converter 5.
- the magnetic contactor 2 is turned on when the uninterruptible power supply 1 is used, and is turned off, for example, during maintenance of the uninterruptible power supply 1.
- the instantaneous value of the AC input voltage VI appearing at the node N ⁇ b> 1 between the magnetic contactor 2 and the protective fuse 3 is detected by the control device 18. Based on the detected value of the AC input voltage VI, it is determined whether or not a power failure has occurred.
- Protective fuse 3 is blown when overcurrent flows to protect uninterruptible power supply 1 and the like.
- the AC reactor 4 constitutes a low-pass filter, passes AC power of commercial frequency from the commercial AC power source 21 to the converter 5, and prevents a signal of switching frequency generated by the converter 5 from passing to the commercial AC power source 21. To do.
- Converter 5 is a forward converter and is controlled by control device 18 to convert AC power into DC power and output it to power supply node N2 during normal times when AC power is supplied from commercial AC power supply 21. At the time of a power failure when the supply of AC power from the commercial AC power supply 21 is stopped, the operation of the converter 5 is stopped. The output voltage of the converter 5 can be controlled to a desired value. Smoothing electrolytic capacitor 9 is connected to power supply node N2 and smoothes the voltage at power supply node N2. The instantaneous value of DC voltage VDC appearing at power supply node N2 is detected by control device 18.
- the protective fuse 6 is connected between the power supply node N2 and the high-voltage side node of the bidirectional chopper 7, and is blown when an overcurrent flows to protect the uninterruptible power supply 1, the battery 23, and the like.
- the low voltage side node of the bidirectional chopper 7 is connected to the battery terminal T3 via the electromagnetic contactor 8.
- the magnetic contactor 8 is turned on when the uninterruptible power supply 1 is used, and is turned off, for example, during maintenance of the uninterruptible power supply 1 and the battery 23.
- the instantaneous value of the inter-terminal voltage VB of the battery 23 appearing at the battery terminal T3 is detected by the control device 18.
- the bidirectional chopper 7 is a direct current step-up / step-down circuit, which is controlled by the control device 18 and stores the direct current power generated by the converter 5 in the battery 23 in the normal time when alternating current power is supplied from the commercial alternating current power supply 21. In the event of a power failure when the supply of AC power from the commercial AC power supply 21 is stopped, the DC power of the battery 23 is supplied to the inverter 10 via the power supply node N2.
- the bi-directional chopper 7 When the bi-directional chopper 7 stores DC power in the battery 23, the DC voltage VDC of the power supply node N2 is stepped down to a predetermined DC voltage and applied to the battery 23. Further, when the direct current power of the battery 23 is supplied to the inverter 10, the bidirectional chopper 7 boosts the inter-terminal voltage VB of the battery 23 to a predetermined direct current voltage and outputs the boosted voltage to the power supply node N2. Power supply node N2 is connected to an input node of inverter 10.
- the inverter 10 is an inverse converter and is controlled by the control device 18 to convert the DC power supplied from the converter 5 or the bidirectional chopper 7 through the power supply node N2 into AC power having a commercial frequency and output it to the output node 10a. Output. That is, the inverter 10 converts the DC power supplied from the converter 5 through the power supply node N2 into AC power during normal times, and converts the DC power supplied from the battery 23 through the bidirectional chopper 7 into AC power during a power failure. Convert to The output voltage of the inverter 10 can be controlled to a desired value.
- the output node 10a of the inverter 10 is connected to one terminal of the electromagnetic contactor 13 via the AC reactor 11, and the other terminal (node N3) of the electromagnetic contactor 13 is connected to the AC output terminal T4.
- the capacitor 12 is connected to one terminal of the electromagnetic contactor 13.
- the AC reactor 11 and the capacitor 12 constitute a low-pass filter, and the AC power of the commercial frequency generated by the inverter 10 is passed through the AC output terminal T4.
- the signal of the switching frequency generated by the inverter 10 is the AC output terminal T4. To pass through.
- the electromagnetic contactor 13 is controlled by the control device 18 and is turned on in the inverter power supply mode in which the AC power generated by the inverter 10 is supplied to the load 24, and the bypass power supply that supplies the AC power from the bypass AC power supply 22 to the load 24. It is turned off in mode.
- the instantaneous value of the AC output voltage VO appearing at the node N3 is detected by the control device 18.
- the current detector 14 detects a load current IO flowing between the node N3 and the AC output terminal T4, and gives a signal indicating the detected value to the control device 18.
- the semiconductor switch 15 includes a thyristor and is connected between the bypass input terminal T2 and the node N3.
- the magnetic contactor 16 is connected to the semiconductor switch 15 in parallel.
- the semiconductor switch 15 is controlled by the control device 18 and is normally turned off. When the inverter 10 fails, the semiconductor switch 15 is turned on instantaneously to supply AC power from the bypass AC power supply 22 to the load 24. The semiconductor switch 15 is turned off after a predetermined time has elapsed since it was turned on.
- the electromagnetic contactor 16 is turned off in the inverter power supply mode in which the AC power generated by the inverter 10 is supplied to the load 24, and is turned on in the bypass power supply mode in which the AC power from the bypass AC power supply 22 is supplied to the load 24.
- the magnetic contactor 16 is turned on when the inverter 10 fails and supplies AC power from the bypass AC power source 22 to the load 24. That is, when the inverter 10 fails, the semiconductor switch 15 is instantaneously turned on for a predetermined time and the electromagnetic contactor 16 is turned on. This is to prevent the semiconductor switch 15 from being overheated and damaged.
- the operation unit 17 includes a plurality of buttons operated by the user of the uninterruptible power supply 1, an image display unit for displaying various information, and the like.
- the power of the uninterruptible power supply 1 is turned on / off, the bypass power supply mode, the inverter power supply mode, the rated voltage output mode described later, the output voltage control mode described later, etc. It is possible to select one of these modes and store various parameters in the control device 18.
- Control device 18 operates based on a signal from operation unit 17 to detect instantaneous values of AC input voltage VI, DC voltage VDC, battery voltage VB, AC output voltage VO, and load current IO, and the detected values thereof.
- the entire uninterruptible power supply 1 is controlled based on the above. That is, control device 18 detects whether or not a power failure has occurred based on the detected value of AC input voltage VI, and controls converter 5 and inverter 10 in synchronization with the phase of AC input voltage VI.
- control device 18 controls the converter 5 so that the DC voltage VDC becomes the desired target DC voltage VDCT, and controls the bidirectional chopper 7 so that the battery voltage VB becomes the desired target battery voltage VBT. Furthermore, when the rated voltage output mode is selected using the operation unit 17, the control device 18 controls the inverter 10 so that the output voltage VO becomes a constant rated voltage.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the ratio PL / PR (%) of the load capacity PL to the rated capacity PR of the uninterruptible power supply 1 and the efficiency ⁇ (%) of the uninterruptible power supply 1.
- the efficiency ⁇ is a ratio PO / PI (%) of the AC power PO supplied to the load 24 with respect to the AC power PI supplied from the commercial AC power supply 21.
- the efficiency ⁇ of the uninterruptible power supply 1 becomes the maximum value ⁇ max
- the efficiency ⁇ gradually decreases as PL / PR becomes larger than the predetermined value ⁇
- the efficiency ⁇ gradually decreases as PL / PR becomes smaller than the predetermined value ⁇ .
- the efficiency ⁇ has a peak value ⁇ max because when the load current IO increases, the power consumption of the resistance components such as the AC reactors 4 and 11 increases, whereas when the load current IO decreases, the current consumption of the control device 18 with respect to the load current IO. This is because the ratio of increases. Therefore, the horizontal axis of FIG. 2 can be replaced with the ratio IO / IR (%) of the load current IO to the rated current IR of the uninterruptible power supply 1. Furthermore, since the rated current IR is constant, the horizontal axis in FIG. 2 can be replaced with the value of the load current IO, and ⁇ can be replaced with the predetermined value IO ⁇ of the load current IO.
- the output voltage VO is lowered within the input allowable voltage range of the load 24 so that the load current IO is less than or equal to IO ⁇ .
- the efficiency ⁇ can be increased.
- the output voltage VO is increased within the input allowable voltage range of the load 24 to make the load current IO equal to or greater than IO ⁇ .
- the efficiency ⁇ can be increased. Therefore, in the first embodiment, when the output voltage control mode is selected, the output voltage VO is controlled within the input allowable voltage range of the load 24 to increase the efficiency ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the control device 18 in the output voltage control mode. It is assumed that the user of the uninterruptible power supply 1 has switched from the rated voltage output mode to the output voltage control mode by operating the operation unit 17. In response to this, the control device 18 detects the output voltage VO and the load current IO in step S1, calculates the load capacity PL based on the detected values of VO and IO in step S2, and calculates PL / PR in step S3. To do.
- the controller 18 determines whether or not PL / PR is smaller than the predetermined value ⁇ in step S4. If PL / PR ⁇ , the control device 18 proceeds to step S5, and if PL / PR> ⁇ , step S6. Proceed to
- step S5 the control device 18 decreases the output voltage VO within the input allowable voltage range of the load 24 and increases the load current IO within a range of IO ⁇ or less.
- step S6 the control device 18 increases the output voltage VO within the input allowable voltage range of the load 24, and decreases the load current IO within a range equal to or greater than IO ⁇ .
- the control device 18 fixes the output voltage VO in step S7 and continues the operation of the load 24.
- the rated capacity PR, the predetermined values ⁇ , IO ⁇ , and the input allowable voltage range of the load 24 are stored in the control device 18 in advance.
- the operation of the uninterruptible power supply 1 will be described.
- the magnetic contactors 2, 8, and 13 are turned on, and the semiconductor switch 15 and the electromagnetic contactor 16 are turned off.
- the AC power supplied from the commercial AC power supply 21 is converted into DC power by the converter 5.
- the DC power generated by the converter 5 is stored in the battery 23 by the bidirectional chopper 7, converted to AC power by the inverter 10, and supplied to the load 24.
- the output voltage VO of the uninterruptible power supply 1 is maintained at a constant rated voltage.
- the output voltage VO is controlled so that the efficiency ⁇ of the uninterruptible power supply 1 is increased. That is, when PL / PR is smaller than the predetermined value ⁇ , the output voltage VO is reduced within the input allowable voltage range of the load 24, and when PL / PR is larger than the predetermined value ⁇ , it is within the input allowable voltage range of the load 24. As a result, the output voltage VO is increased and the efficiency ⁇ of the uninterruptible power supply 1 is increased.
- the operation of the converter 5 is stopped and the DC power of the battery 23 is supplied to the inverter 10 by the bidirectional chopper 7.
- the inverter 10 converts DC power supplied from the battery 23 through the bidirectional chopper 7 into AC power and supplies the AC power to the load 24. Therefore, even when a power failure occurs, the operation of the load 24 can be continued during the period in which the DC power is stored in the battery 23.
- the semiconductor switch 15 is turned on instantaneously, and AC power is supplied from the bypass AC power supply 22 to the load 24 via the semiconductor switch 15.
- the electromagnetic contactor 16 is turned on, the electromagnetic contactor 13 is turned off, and the semiconductor switch 15 is turned off.
- AC power is supplied from the bypass AC power supply 22 to the load 24 via the electromagnetic contactor 16.
- the output voltage VO of the uninterruptible power supply 1 is controlled within the input allowable voltage range of the load 24 so that the efficiency ⁇ of the uninterruptible power supply 1 is increased. Therefore, the efficiency ⁇ can be made higher than the conventional case where the output voltage VO is fixed at a constant rated voltage.
- the DC voltage VDC of power supply node N2 is set to a predetermined target DC voltage VDCT.
- the DC voltage VDC may be varied in accordance with the variation of the amplitude value of the AC input voltage VI within a range that does not exist. That is, the DC voltage VDC may be increased when the amplitude value of the AC input voltage VI increases, and the DC voltage VDC may be decreased when the amplitude value of the AC input voltage VI decreases.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a modification of the first embodiment, and is a diagram contrasted with FIG. Referring to FIG. 4, this modified example is different from the first embodiment in that steps S7A and S7B are added.
- control device 18 determines whether or not load current IO is stable at a constant value in step S7A. If it is determined that the load current IO is stable at a constant value, the control device 18 fixes the output voltage VO in step S7 and continues the operation of the load 24. When it is determined that the load current IO is not stable at a constant value, the control device 18 returns the output voltage VO to the rated voltage VOR in step S7B and continues the operation of the load 24.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the converter 5 and the inverter 10.
- converter 5 includes input nodes 5a-5c and switching elements 31-36
- inverter 10 includes switching elements 41-46 and output nodes 10a-10c.
- the input nodes 5a to 5c of the converter 5 receive the three-phase AC voltage from the commercial AC power source 21, respectively.
- One electrodes of switching elements 31 to 33 are connected to DC positive bus L1, and the other electrodes thereof are connected to input nodes 5a to 5c, respectively.
- One electrodes of switching elements 34 to 36 are connected to input nodes 5a to 5c, respectively, and the other electrodes thereof are connected to DC negative bus L2.
- Smoothing electrolytic capacitor 9 is connected between DC positive bus L1 and DC negative bus L2, and smoothes DC voltage VDC between buses L1 and L2.
- One electrode of switching elements 41 to 43 of inverter 10 is connected to DC positive bus L1, and the other electrode thereof is connected to output nodes 10a to 10c, respectively.
- One electrodes of switching elements 44 to 46 are connected to output nodes 10a to 10c, respectively, and the other electrodes thereof are connected to DC negative bus L2.
- a diode is connected to each of the switching elements 31 to 36 and 41 to 46 in antiparallel, but the diode is not shown for the sake of simplicity of the drawings and description.
- Each of the switching elements 31 to 36 and 41 to 46 is controlled by the control device 18 and is turned on / off at a predetermined timing in synchronization with the three-phase AC voltage VI from the commercial AC power supply 21.
- the switching elements 31 to 33 are turned on / off in synchronization with the three-phase AC voltage VI, and when the switching elements 31 to 33 are turned on / off, the switching elements 34 to 36 are turned off / on, respectively.
- the switching elements 41 to 43 are turned on / off in synchronization with the three-phase AC voltage VI. When the switching elements 41 to 43 are turned on / off, the switching elements 44 to 46 are turned off / on, respectively.
- the DC voltage VDC can be adjusted to a desired voltage by adjusting the phase difference between the three-phase AC voltage from the commercial AC power supply 21 and the timings at which the switching elements 31 to 36 are turned on / off. Further, the output voltage VO can be adjusted to a desired voltage by adjusting the time during which each of the switching elements 41 to 46 is turned on. Since the amplitude voltage of the output AC voltage VO is equal to or lower than the DC voltage VDC, when the amplitude voltage of the output AC voltage VO is reduced, the DC voltage VDC can also be reduced.
- the control device 18 when reducing the output voltage VO in order to increase the efficiency ⁇ , the control device 18 also reduces the DC voltage VDC according to the output voltage VO. That is, the control device 18 adjusts the timing for turning on / off the switching elements 31 to 36 to lower the DC voltage VDC, and adjusts the time to turn on each of the switching elements 41 to 46 to lower the output voltage VO. Let By reducing the DC voltage VDC, the loss generated in the switching elements 31 to 36 and 41 to 46 can be reduced.
- each of the switching elements 31 to 36 and 41 to 46 includes an IGBT 50 (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), an NPN bipolar transistor 52, and the like, as shown in FIGS. .
- a diode 51 is connected in antiparallel to the IGBT 50 and the transistor 52.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are time charts showing the on / off operation of the IGBT 50.
- FIG. 7A shows the collector-emitter voltage V and the emitter current I of the IGBT 50
- FIG. 7B shows the loss generated in the IGBT 50.
- the resistance value of the IGBT 50 is sufficiently high during the period in which the IGBT 50 is turned off, and the current I becomes 0 A. Therefore, no loss occurs in the IGBT 50. However, during the period when the IGBT 50 is turned on, a large current I flows through the IGBT 50 and the resistance value of the IGBT 50 does not become 0 ⁇ , so that conduction loss occurs in the IGBT 50.
- the IGBT 50 when the IGBT 50 is switched from the off state to the on state, or from the off state to the on state, it takes a certain time for the voltage V and the current I to change, so a switching loss V ⁇ I occurs. If the DC voltage VDC is reduced to reduce the collector-emitter voltage V of the IGBT 50, the switching loss V ⁇ I can be reduced. In converter 5 and inverter 10, since the frequency of turning on / off IGBT 50 is high, the effect of reducing switching loss is great.
- the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained, and when the output voltage VO is lowered, the DC voltage VDC is lowered according to the output voltage VO. 10 can be reduced, and the efficiency ⁇ can be further increased.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1による無停電電源装置1の構成を示す回路ブロック図である。この無停電電源装置1は、商用交流電源21からの三相交流電力を直流電力に一旦変換し、その直流電力を三相交流電力に変換して負荷24に供給するものであるが、図面および説明の簡単化のため、図1では一相分の回路のみが示されている
図1において、この無停電電源装置1は、交流入力端子T1、バイパス入力端子T2、バッテリ端子T3、および交流出力端子T4を備える。交流入力端子T1は、商用交流電源21から商用周波数の交流電力を受ける。バイパス入力端子T2は、バイパス交流電源22から商用周波数の交流電力を受ける。バイパス交流電源22は、商用交流電源であってもよいし、発電機であってもよい。
実施の形態1では、出力電圧制御モード時に、無停電電源装置1の定格容量PRに対する負荷容量PLの割合PL/PR(%)が所定値αと異なる場合、出力電圧VOを制御して効率ηを上昇させた。この実施の形態2では、さらに、出力電圧VOを低下させる場合に直流電圧VDCも低下させることにより、効率ηをさらに上昇させる。以下、直流電圧VDCを低下させて効率ηを改善できる理由について説明する。
Claims (8)
- 無停電電源装置であって、
商用交流電源から供給される交流電力を直流電力に変換するコンバータと、
直流電力を交流電力に変換して負荷に供給するインバータとを備え、
前記商用交流電源から交流電力が供給される通常時は前記コンバータで生成された直流電力が前記インバータに供給されるとともに電力蓄積装置に蓄えられ、前記商用交流電源からの交流電力の供給が停止された停電時は前記電力蓄積装置の直流電力が前記インバータに供給され、
前記負荷は入力許容電圧範囲内の交流電圧を受けて一定の交流電力を消費し、
前記無停電電源装置の定格容量に対する負荷容量の割合が予め定められた値である場合に前記無停電電源装置の効率は最大になり、
さらに、前記定格容量に対する前記負荷容量の割合が前記予め定められた値と異なる場合は、前記効率が上昇するように前記入力許容電圧範囲内で前記インバータの出力電圧を制御する制御装置を備える、無停電電源装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記定格容量に対する前記負荷容量の割合が前記予め定められた値よりも小さい場合は、前記効率が上昇するように前記負荷の入力許容電圧範囲内で前記インバータの出力電圧を低下させて負荷電流を増大させる、請求項1に記載の無停電電源装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記インバータの出力電圧を低下させるとともに前記コンバータの出力電圧を低下させる、請求項2に記載の無停電電源装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記定格容量に対する前記負荷容量の割合が前記予め定められた値よりも大きい場合は、前記効率が上昇するように前記入力許容電圧範囲内で前記インバータの出力電圧を上昇させて負荷電流を減少させる、請求項1に記載の無停電電源装置。
- 前記定格容量に対する前記負荷容量の割合が前記予め定められた値と異なる場合は前記効率が上昇するように前記入力許容電圧範囲内で前記インバータの出力電圧を制御する出力電圧制御モードと、前記インバータの出力電圧を定格電圧に維持する定格電圧出力モードとを有し、
前記制御装置は、前記出力電圧制御モードと前記定格電圧出力モードのうちの選択された方のモードを実行する、請求項1に記載の無停電電源装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記インバータの出力電圧を制御した場合に負荷電流が変動する場合は、前記インバータの出力電圧を定格電圧に設定する、請求項1に記載の無停電電源装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記商用交流電源からの交流電圧の変動に応じて前記コンバータの出力電圧を変動させる、請求項1に記載の無停電電源装置。
- さらに、前記通常時は前記コンバータで生成された直流電力を前記電力蓄積装置に供給し、前記停電時は前記電力蓄積装置の直流電力を前記インバータに供給する双方向チョッパを備える、請求項1に記載の無停電電源装置。
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CN201480083750.8A CN107005081B (zh) | 2014-11-27 | 2014-11-27 | 不间断电源装置 |
PCT/JP2014/081313 WO2016084179A1 (ja) | 2014-11-27 | 2014-11-27 | 無停電電源装置 |
EP14906685.4A EP3226379B1 (en) | 2014-11-27 | 2014-11-27 | Uninterruptible power supply apparatus |
US15/517,106 US10340730B2 (en) | 2014-11-27 | 2014-11-27 | Uninterruptible power supply apparatus |
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KR101950442B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-02-20 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | 서브모듈 |
JP6714157B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-01 | 2020-06-24 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | 電源装置およびそれを用いた電源システム |
US11411427B2 (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2022-08-09 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial Systems Corporation | Uninterruptible power supply apparatus |
US11329503B2 (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2022-05-10 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial Systems Corporation | Synchronization control circuit and uninterruptible power supply apparatus including the same |
JP7390584B2 (ja) * | 2019-08-07 | 2023-12-04 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電力変換システム、分散電源システム、及び負荷制御システム |
CN116111714B (zh) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-07-07 | 浙江德塔森特数据技术有限公司 | 一种不间断电源及其控制方法、装置和可读介质 |
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