WO2016013144A1 - 高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016013144A1 WO2016013144A1 PCT/JP2015/002876 JP2015002876W WO2016013144A1 WO 2016013144 A1 WO2016013144 A1 WO 2016013144A1 JP 2015002876 W JP2015002876 W JP 2015002876W WO 2016013144 A1 WO2016013144 A1 WO 2016013144A1
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- Prior art keywords
- annealing
- steel sheet
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- hot
- temperature
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- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 273
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 225
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 225
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 41
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 24
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- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
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- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001336 glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001035 Soft ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 MnS Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
- B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
- B21B1/26—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
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- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
- B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
- B21B1/28—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by cold-rolling, e.g. Steckel cold mill
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
- C23G1/081—Iron or steel solutions containing H2SO4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
- C23G1/085—Iron or steel solutions containing HNO3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a galvanized steel sheet.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, which is suitable for application to automobile parts, has an excellent plated surface appearance, and has a small material temperature dependency on annealing temperature.
- such a composite structure steel sheet has a large material fluctuation such as tensile strength (TS) with respect to a change in conditions such as annealing temperature that occurs during production in a normal continuous annealing line, and the coil longitudinal direction, that is, the coil shape.
- the material tends to fluctuate in the longitudinal direction of the wound steel sheet. Due to this material variation (deviation of mechanical properties), it is difficult to perform stable press molding in a continuous press line of an automobile, and there is a concern that workability is greatly reduced.
- the amount of addition of Si which is an effective solid solution element for increasing strength
- the amount of addition of C, Mn, etc. for securing the amount of martensite necessary for increasing strength are increased.
- Si and Mn are oxidizable elements that are easier to oxidize than Fe, when hot dip galvanizing is applied to a steel plate containing a large amount of Si or Mn, the plating property (zinc coatability and surface appearance quality) is ensured. Is an issue.
- Si and Mn contained in steel are selectively oxidized in a non-oxidizing atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere used in general annealing furnaces, so they concentrate on the surface to form oxides.
- the wettability of the molten zinc to the steel sheet during the plating treatment may be reduced and a coating defect may occur.
- Patent Document 1 by heating a steel plate in an oxidizing atmosphere in advance, a Fe oxide film is rapidly generated on the surface at an oxidation rate of a predetermined value or more, and thus Si, Mn, etc. on the surface of the steel plate.
- a method has been proposed in which oxidation of the added elements is prevented, and then the Fe oxide film is annealed and reduced in a predetermined atmosphere to improve wettability with molten zinc and thereby improve adhesion of hot dip galvanizing. Yes.
- the steel sheet is pickled after annealing to remove the surface concentrate of easily oxidizable elements such as Si and Mn concentrated on the surface, and then annealed again to melt zinc.
- a method of performing plating has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 when the amount of oxidation of the steel sheet is large, there may be a problem that iron oxide adheres to the in-furnace roll and pressing flaw occurs on the steel sheet. Further, although Patent Document 2 describes a steel plate having a strength level of 590 MPa, there is no description regarding a high-strength steel plate having a TS of 780 MPa or more, and a description regarding elongation characteristics and material variations that serve as an index of press formability. It is not allowed.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and uses steel containing C, Si, Mn, etc. necessary for high strength of TS ⁇ 1180 MPa, has excellent plating surface appearance, and is dependent on the annealing temperature of the material. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of a hot dip galvanized steel plate with small.
- a steel slab comprising the following, the balance being iron and inevitable impurities is hot-rolled into a hot-rolled steel sheet, the hot-rolled steel sheet is cold-rolled into a cold-rolled steel sheet, and then the cold-rolled steel sheet is primary In the manufacturing method of a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet that is annealed, pickled, and then subjected to secondary annealing to obtain a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, the average heating rate in the temperature range from 700 ° C.
- the steel has a steel structure in which the area ratio of ferrite is 10% or more and 60% or less, and the total area ratio of martensite, bainite, and retained austenite is 40% or more and 90% or less.
- the amount of pickling loss of the steel sheet is set to 0.05 to 5 g / m 2 in terms of Fe.
- the steel sheet is heated to an annealing temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C. and is annealed at a temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C.
- the steel sheet is cooled at an average cooling rate of 1 to 15 ° C./second from the annealing temperature, and subjected to hot dip galvanizing treatment immersed in a galvanizing bath. After the hot dip galvanizing treatment, 5 to 100 ° C.
- the steel sheet is cooled to 150 ° C.
- a method for producing high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheets is a method for producing high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheets.
- the steel slab further includes, in mass%, Mo: 0.05% to 1.00%, V: 0.02% to 0.50%, Cr: 0.05 % Or more and 1.00% or less, B: The manufacturing method of the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to the above [1] or [2] containing one or more selected from 0.0001% or more and 0.0030% or less.
- the hot dip galvanized steel sheet includes a hot dip galvanized steel sheet that has not been alloyed and an galvannealed steel sheet that is a hot dip galvanized steel sheet that has been alloyed. Including.
- a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having a high tensile strength (TS) of 1180 MPa or more, an excellent surface appearance, and a small dependence on the annealing temperature of the material can be obtained. Therefore, when the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to the present invention is applied to a skeletal member of an automobile body, it can greatly contribute to the improvement of collision safety and weight reduction, and further, since the material's annealing temperature dependency is small, The material uniformity is high, and improvement in workability during press molding can be expected.
- TS tensile strength
- C and Mn for increasing the area ratio of Si and martensite for strengthening ferrite in a composite structure steel sheet made of ferrite and martensite are used. It is necessary to add a large amount.
- Si and Mn are easily oxidizable elements that are easier to oxidize than Fe, in the manufacture of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets containing a large amount of Si or Mn, there is a concern about a decrease in plating properties.
- the high-strength composite steel sheet having a TS of 1180 MPa or more is susceptible to fluctuations in the amount of martensite in the steel sheet due to fluctuations in the annealing conditions that occur in a normal continuous annealing line. Material fluctuations such as strength and elongation are likely to increase. In this case, in a continuous press line of an automobile, it is difficult to stably perform press molding, and there is a concern that workability is greatly reduced.
- the structure after the primary annealing is appropriately controlled, and after the pickling, the secondary annealing is performed, and the hot dip galvanizing treatment is performed in the secondary annealing.
- the present inventors have newly found that a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having a TS of 1180 MPa or more and a small dependence on the annealing temperature of the material can be obtained.
- Nb and Ti that raise the recrystallization temperature and appropriately controlling the heating rate during the primary annealing, the diffusion of Si and Mn during the primary annealing can be improved in the non-recrystallized structure.
- recrystallization temperature control by adding Nb and Ti and heating rate control during primary annealing, recrystallization and ⁇ - ⁇ transformation proceed simultaneously in primary annealing, and grains of hard phase mainly composed of ferrite and martensite. Since the diameter is refined, the fine structure is maintained even after pickling and secondary (final) annealing, and as a result, it has been found that stretch flangeability can be improved, and the present invention has been completed.
- % in relation to the component composition means mass%.
- C 0.120% or more and 0.180% or less
- C is an element effective for increasing the strength of a steel sheet, and contributes to increasing the strength by forming martensite. Further, C contributes to high strength by forming a carbide forming element such as Nb or Ti and a fine alloy compound or alloy carbonitride. In order to obtain these effects, the C amount needs to be 0.120% or more. On the other hand, if the amount of C exceeds 0.180%, not only may the toughness of the spot welded part be lowered and the welding characteristics may be lowered, but the steel sheet becomes harder due to the increase in martensite and the workability is significantly lowered. There is a tendency. Therefore, the C content is 0.180% or less. Therefore, the C content is 0.120% or more and 0.180% or less. Preferably, the amount of C is 0.120% or more and 0.150% or less.
- Si 0.01% or more and 1.00% or less
- Si is an element that contributes to high strength mainly by solid solution strengthening, and has a relatively small decrease in ductility with respect to strength increase. It is an element that contributes not only to the strength but also to the balance between strength and ductility. Si also has the effect of expanding the two-phase region during annealing, and has the effect of reducing the annealing temperature dependence of the material. In order to obtain these effects, it is necessary to contain 0.01% or more of Si. On the other hand, when the amount of Si exceeds 1.00%, Si-based oxides are likely to be formed on the steel sheet surface, which may cause non-plating. For this reason, the amount of Si is made into 1.00% or less. Therefore, the Si amount is set to 0.01% or more and 1.00% or less. Preferably, the amount of Si is 0.01% or more and 0.50% or less.
- Mn 2.20% or more and 3.50% or less Mn is an element that contributes to increasing the strength by solid solution strengthening and martensite formation. To obtain this effect, it is necessary to contain 2.20% or more It is. On the other hand, if the amount of Mn exceeds 3.50%, the cost of the raw material is increased, and the transformation point is partially different due to segregation of Mn. As a result, the ferrite phase and the martensite phase are band-like. It tends to be a non-uniform structure existing in the film, and the workability may be reduced. Further, Mn is concentrated as an oxide on the steel sheet surface, which may cause non-plating. Furthermore, the toughness of the spot welded portion may be reduced, and the welding characteristics may be reduced.
- the amount of Mn is 3.50% or less. Therefore, the Mn content is 2.20% or more and 3.50% or less. From the viewpoint of stably securing TS ⁇ 1180 MPa, the amount of Mn is preferably 2.50% or more.
- P 0.001% to 0.050%
- P is an element effective for increasing the strength of a steel sheet by solid solution strengthening.
- the amount of P is less than 0.001%, not only the effect does not appear, but also the dephosphorization cost may increase in the steel making process, so the amount of P is made 0.001% or more.
- the P content exceeds 0.050%, the weldability is significantly deteriorated. For this reason, the amount of P is made into 0.050% or less. Therefore, the P content is 0.001% or more and 0.050% or less.
- the P amount is 0.001% or more and 0.030% or less, and more preferably, the P amount is 0.001% or more and 0.020% or less.
- S 0.010% or less S is a harmful element that causes hot brittleness and also exists as sulfide inclusions in the steel and lowers the workability of the steel sheet. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the S amount as much as possible.
- the upper limit of the S amount is 0.010%.
- the amount of S is preferably 0.008% or less. Although there is no particular lower limit, it is preferable to set the content to 0.0001% or more because the steelmaking cost increases for extremely low S.
- sol. Al 0.005% or more and 0.100% or less
- Al is an element to be contained as a deoxidizer, and further has a solid solution strengthening ability, and thus effectively acts to increase the strength.
- sol. If the amount of Al as Al is less than 0.005%, the above effect cannot be obtained. For this reason, sol. The amount of Al as Al is 0.005% or more.
- sol. When the amount of Al as Al exceeds 0.100%, the raw material cost is increased, and surface defects of the steel sheet are induced. For this reason, sol. The amount of Al as Al is 0.100% or less. Therefore, sol. The amount of Al as Al is 0.005% or more and 0.100% or less.
- N 0.0001% or more and 0.0060% or less.
- the N amount is set to 0.0060% or less.
- the amount of N is small from the viewpoint of improving ductility by cleaning ferrite, but the lower limit is set to 0.0001% because the cost for steelmaking increases. Therefore, the N content is set to 0.0001% or more and 0.0060% or less.
- Nb 0.010% or more and 0.100% or less Nb contributes to high strength by forming carbides and carbonitrides with C and N. Nb also has the effect of refining the hot-rolled steel sheet structure, further suppresses the grain coarsening during recrystallization, makes ferrite and martensite uniform, refines stretch flangeability, and depends on the annealing temperature of the material. Contributes to the reduction of sexuality.
- Nb raises the recrystallization temperature, it is possible to maintain an unrecrystallized structure up to a high temperature range where Si and Mn are easily diffused, and by appropriately controlling the heating rate during the primary annealing, Due to the diffusion promoting effect due to the strain of the recrystallized structure, it is possible to form a Si and Mn-deficient layer on the surface layer of the steel sheet while forming a surface oxide of Si and Mn. Subsequently, after removing the surface oxides of Si and Mn by pickling after the primary annealing, the surface re-concentration of Si and Mn in the steel by the Si and Mn-deficient layers of the steel sheet surface layer is performed by secondary annealing.
- the plating property is improved. Furthermore, by recrystallization temperature control by adding Nb and heating rate control during primary annealing, recrystallization and ⁇ - ⁇ transformation proceed simultaneously, and the grain size of the hard phase mainly composed of ferrite and martensite is refined. Therefore, a fine structure is maintained even after pickling and secondary (final) annealing, and as a result, contributes to improvement of stretch flangeability.
- the Nb content is 0.010% or more.
- the Nb amount is 0.030% or more.
- the Nb content exceeds 0.100% and is contained excessively, the load during hot rolling is increased, and the deformation resistance during cold rolling is increased, making it difficult to produce a stable actual machine. To do. Moreover, the ductility of ferrite is reduced, and the workability is significantly reduced. For this reason, the Nb content is 0.100% or less. Therefore, the Nb content is 0.010% or more and 0.100% or less. Preferably, the Nb amount is 0.030% or more and 0.100% or less.
- Ti 0.010% or more and 0.100% or less Ti, like Nb, contributes to high strength by forming carbides and carbonitrides with C and N.
- Ti has the effect of refining the hot-rolled steel sheet structure, further suppresses coarsening of crystal grains during recrystallization, uniformly refines ferrite and martensite, improves stretch flangeability, and depends on the annealing temperature of the material. Contributes to the reduction of sexuality.
- Ti raises the recrystallization temperature in the same way as Nb. Therefore, the diffusion of Si and Mn is promoted during the primary annealing heating by leaving the unrecrystallized structure up to a high temperature range where Si and Mn can be easily diffused.
- the Ti amount is 0.010% or more.
- the Ti amount is 0.030% or more.
- the amount of Ti exceeds 0.100%, this effect is not only saturated but also excessively precipitated in the ferrite, reducing the ductility of the ferrite. For this reason, the amount of Ti is made 0.100% or less. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.010% or more and 0.100% or less. Preferably, the Ti content is 0.030% or more and 0.100% or less.
- the high strength steel sheet of the present invention preferably further contains C, Nb, Ti, N and S so as to satisfy the following formula (1).
- Ti * Ti ⁇ (48/14) N ⁇ (48/32) S.
- C, Nb, Ti, N, and S in the equation for obtaining the Ti * and the above equation (1) indicate the content (% by mass) of each element in the steel.
- (Nb / 93 + Ti * / 48) / (C / 12) is the atomic ratio of Ti and Nb to C. If this value exceeds 0.12, the amount of precipitation of NbC and TiC increases.
- Equation (1) (Nb / 93 + Ti * / 48) / (C / 12) is preferably set to 0.12 or less, and more preferably 0.08 or less.
- one or more elements selected from Mo, V, Cr, and B can be further contained.
- Mo 0.05% to 1.00%
- V 0.02% to 0.50%
- Cr 0.05% to 1.00%
- B 0.0001% to 0.0030%
- Mo and Cr elements that improve the hardenability and contribute to increasing the strength by generating martensite, and can be contained as necessary. In order to express such an effect, each of these elements can be contained in an amount of 0.05% or more.
- the contents of Mo and Cr each exceed 1.00% not only the above effects are saturated, but also the cost of raw materials is increased, so these contents are each 1.00% or less.
- V like Nb and Ti, contributes to high strength by forming fine carbonitrides, and can be contained as necessary.
- the balance other than the above components consists of Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the following elements can be appropriately contained as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Cu is a harmful element that causes cracks during hot rolling and causes surface defects.
- content of 0.30% or less is acceptable.
- Ni like Cu, has a small effect on the steel sheet properties, but has the effect of preventing the occurrence of surface defects due to the inclusion of Cu. The said effect can be expressed by containing Ni 1/2 or more of Cu content.
- the upper limit of the content is 0.30%.
- Ca has the effect of improving ductility by controlling the shape of sulfides such as MnS, but the effect tends to be saturated even if contained in a large amount. Therefore, when Ca is contained, the content is made 0.0001% or more and 0.0020% or less.
- Sn and Sb which have an action of controlling the form of sulfide inclusions, thereby contributing to improvement of workability, or an action of regulating the grain size of the steel sheet, are 0.0001 respectively. It can be contained in the range of ⁇ 0.020%.
- the content of Zr, Mg, and the like that form precipitates is as small as possible, and it is not necessary to add it actively, and it is less than 0.020%, more preferably less than 0.002%.
- Said Cu, Ni, Ca, REM, Sn, Sb, Zr, and Mg may be contained in the steel plate of this invention as an unavoidable impurity.
- the steel adjusted to the range of the above component composition is melted to form a steel slab, and the hot slab is hot rolled to form a hot rolled steel sheet, and the hot rolled steel sheet is cold rolled.
- a secondary annealing step for performing secondary annealing (final annealing) is sequentially performed to obtain a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet.
- the average heating rate in the temperature range from 700 ° C. to the annealing temperature is set to 1 ° C./second or less, and the annealing temperature is heated to an annealing temperature range of 780 to 850 ° C.
- cooling is performed at an average cooling rate from the annealing temperature to a cooling stop temperature of 500 ° C.
- the temperature is 750 to 850 ° C.
- Hot dip galvanizing that is held in the annealing temperature range for 10 to 500 seconds, then cooled at an average cooling rate of 1 to 15 ° C./second from the annealing temperature in the annealing temperature range, and immersed in a galvanizing bath After the hot dip galvanizing treatment, the steel is cooled to 150 ° C. or less at an average cooling rate of 5 to 100 ° C./second, and the area ratio is 10% to 60% and the area ratio is 40% to 90%.
- the steel sheet has a steel structure containing the following martensite.
- the steel structure of the steel sheet after the primary annealing has a ferrite area ratio of 10% to 60%, martensite, bainite. It is necessary that the steel structure has a total area ratio of retained austenite of 40% or more and 90% or less.
- Total area ratio of martensite, bainite, and retained austenite 40% or more and 90% or less
- the total area ratio of martensite, bainite, and retained austenite in the steel structure of the steel sheet after the primary annealing is less dependent on the annealing temperature of the present invention. This is one of the important factors for obtaining high-strength steel sheets. That is, martensite, bainite, and retained austenite observed after primary annealing are austenite in which elements such as C and Mn are concentrated during soaking during primary annealing, and are transformed or untransformed during cooling after soaking. This is a structure that remains as it is, and is a region where the concentration of C and Mn is high.
- Such a region where C or Mn is concentrated lowers the ferrite-austenite transformation point at the time of secondary annealing, so that the two-phase region (temperature region where ferrite and austenite coexist) is expanded.
- the secondary annealing is performed in the temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C.
- the variation of the martensite area ratio is small and the variation of the material is also small.
- TS ⁇ 1180 MPa is satisfied after secondary (final) annealing.
- the total area ratio of martensite, bainite, and retained austenite after primary annealing is set to 40% or more.
- martensite, bainite, and retained austenite after primary annealing that is, the austenite phase during annealing soaking, has a slower diffusion rate of Si and Mn than the ferrite phase, the total area ratio exceeds 90%.
- the formation of surface oxides of Si and Mn and the formation of Si and Mn-deficient layers on the surface of the steel sheet become insufficient, which may reduce the plating properties.
- the total area ratio of martensite, bainite, and retained austenite after primary annealing is 90% or less, preferably 70% or less.
- the ferrite area ratio is 10% or more and 60% or less.
- the ferrite phase formed during soaking at the time of primary annealing or subsequent cooling concentrates C and Mn in the austenite phase, and the above-described C and Mn are concentrated. Region (concentrated portion of C or Mn) is formed. Such a concentrated portion of C and Mn lowers the ferrite-austenite transformation point during secondary annealing, and changes the martensite area ratio when annealing in the temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C. during secondary annealing. It is possible to reduce the material variation. In order to stably obtain such an effect, the area ratio of the ferrite after the primary annealing is set to 10% or more.
- the area ratio of ferrite after primary annealing exceeds 60%, it becomes difficult to secure a desired martensite amount after secondary annealing and stably obtain TS ⁇ 1180 MPa. For this reason, the area ratio of the ferrite after primary annealing shall be 60% or less.
- Nb and Ti that increase the recrystallization temperature are positively added, and the heating rate during the primary annealing is appropriately controlled, so that Si during the primary annealing is improved. Diffusion of Mn is promoted by the strain effect of the unrecrystallized structure, and a surface oxide can be formed while a Si and Mn deficient layer can be formed on the surface layer of the steel sheet.
- a Si or Mn-deficient layer in the surface layer of the steel sheet after the primary annealing obtained by primary annealing under a predetermined condition (a region where the element concentration of Si and Mn is 3/4 or less of the element concentration in steel) ) Is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more from the steel sheet surface layer.
- the Si and Mn-deficient layers on the surface layer of the steel sheet after the primary annealing are one of the important factors for obtaining a good plating appearance in a high-strength steel sheet that requires a large amount of Si or Mn to be added. That is, Si and Mn contained in steel are selectively oxidized even in a non-oxidizing atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere used in a general annealing furnace, and are concentrated on the surface to form an oxide. Reduces wettability with molten zinc and causes non-plating.
- Si and Mn-deficient layers on the steel sheet surface layer during secondary annealing suppress the re-surface enrichment of Si and Mn in the steel. And a good plating appearance can be obtained.
- This effect is more prominent when the region where the element concentration of Si and Mn is 3/4 or less of the element concentration in steel (hereinafter defined as the Si and Mn-deficient layer) is 2 ⁇ m or more in depth from the steel sheet surface layer. It becomes.
- the Si and Mn-deficient layer is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more from the surface layer.
- the Si and Mn-deficient layer is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less from the surface layer.
- the Si and Mn depletion layer is a region where the element concentration of Si and Mn is 3/4 or less of the element concentration in steel, respectively, from the concentration profile in the depth direction measured by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDS). The depth of reading was used as an index.
- Ferrite area ratio 10% or more and 60% or less
- the ferrite phase is an important factor for ensuring ductility. If the area ratio is less than 10%, it is difficult to ensure ductility, and workability may be reduced. Therefore, the area ratio of ferrite in the steel structure of the steel sheet after the secondary annealing is set to 10% or more, preferably 20% or more from the viewpoint of securing ductility. On the other hand, when the area ratio of ferrite in the steel structure of the steel sheet after the secondary annealing exceeds 60%, it becomes difficult to ensure TS ⁇ 1180 MPa.
- the area ratio of ferrite in the steel structure of the steel sheet after secondary annealing is set to 60% or less, preferably 50% or less.
- the average crystal grain size of ferrite is fine, it contributes to refinement of martensite generated by reverse transformation from ferrite grain boundaries, and contributes to improvement of stretch flangeability. Therefore, the average crystal grain size of ferrite in the steel structure of the steel sheet after secondary annealing is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- Martensite area ratio 40% or more and 90% or less Martensite is a hard phase necessary to ensure the strength of the steel sheet of the present invention. If the martensite area ratio is less than 40%, the strength of the steel sheet decreases, and it may be difficult to ensure TS ⁇ 1180 MPa. Therefore, the area ratio of martensite in the steel structure of the steel sheet after the secondary annealing is set to 40% or more, preferably 50% or more. On the other hand, if the area ratio of martensite exceeds 90%, the hard phase becomes excessive, and it may be difficult to ensure workability. For this reason, the martensite area ratio in the steel structure of the steel sheet after the secondary annealing is 90% or less, preferably 70% or less.
- the average crystal grain size of martensite exceeds 5 ⁇ m, voids are likely to occur at the interface between soft ferrite and hard martensite, and the stretch flangeability and local ductility may be reduced.
- the average crystal grain size of martensite is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the remaining structure other than ferrite and martensite may contain pearlite, bainite, retained austenite, carbide, etc., but these are 10% or less in total area ratio. Acceptable if any.
- the area ratio is determined by polishing the L cross section (vertical cross section parallel to the rolling direction) of the steel sheet, corroding with nital, and observing 5 fields of view with a SEM (scanning electron microscope) at a magnification of 2000 times, It can be obtained by image analysis of the taken tissue photograph. Details will be described in the examples.
- ferrite is a region having a slightly black contrast
- pearlite is a region where carbides are generated in a lamellar shape
- bainite is a region where carbides are generated in a dot sequence
- martensite Sites and residual austenite (residual ⁇ ) are particles with white contrast.
- the average particle diameters of ferrite and martensite were measured by a cutting method in accordance with the provisions of JIS G0522.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet which is a secondary-annealed steel sheet having the above steel structure, has the following characteristics 1) to 3).
- TS ⁇ 1180 MPa In recent years, there has been a strong demand for reducing the weight of automobile bodies and ensuring the safety of passengers in the event of a vehicle collision. In order to meet these requirements, it is necessary to increase the strength of steel sheets used as materials for automobile bodies.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet obtained by the present invention satisfies TS ⁇ 1180 MPa, and can achieve such high strength.
- the annealing temperature varies by about 40 ° C. ( ⁇ 20 ° C.) within the coil.
- 90 ° direction (C direction) with respect to the rolling direction from the median annealing temperature and the three locations where the ⁇ 20 ° C annealing temperature variation occurred. JIS No.
- the steel slab used in the production method of the present invention is preferably produced by a continuous casting method in order to prevent macro segregation of components, but may be produced by an ingot-making method or a thin slab casting method. Also, after manufacturing the steel slab, in addition to the conventional method of once cooling to room temperature and then heating again, a method of hot rolling and charging in a heating furnace as it is without cooling (direct feed rolling) Energy saving such as hot rolling immediately after heat retention (direct feed rolling / direct rolling), or method of omitting part of reheating by charging in a heating furnace while still in high temperature (hot strip charging) The process can also be applied without problems. Further, the steel slab to be subjected to hot rolling preferably has a slab heating temperature of 1150 to 1300 ° C. for the following reason.
- Slab heating temperature 1150 ° C or higher and 1300 ° C or lower
- Precipitates present in the heating stage of the steel slab are present as coarse precipitates in the finally obtained steel sheet and do not contribute to the strength, and thus precipitate during casting. It is necessary to redissolve a sufficient amount of Ti and Nb-based precipitates. It is also effective to heat to 1150 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of reducing cracks and irregularities on the steel sheet surface by scaling off defects such as bubbles and segregation on the slab surface and achieving a smooth steel sheet surface. For this reason, it is preferable that slab heating temperature shall be 1150 degreeC or more.
- slab heating temperature exceeds 1300 ° C.
- the austenite grains are coarsened, the final structure is coarsened, and the stretch flangeability may be lowered.
- slab heating temperature shall be 1300 degrees C or less.
- the steel slab obtained as described above is subjected to hot rolling including rough rolling and finish rolling.
- the steel slab is made into a sheet bar by rough rolling.
- the conditions for rough rolling need not be specified, and can be performed according to a conventional method. From the viewpoint of preventing troubles during hot rolling due to a decrease in the surface temperature, it is an effective method to utilize a sheet bar heater for heating the sheet bar.
- the rolling reduction of the final pass of the finish rolling 10% or more
- the rolling reduction of the pass before the final pass 18% or more
- the finishing rolling temperature Hot rolling is preferably performed at 850 to 950 ° C.
- Reduction ratio of final pass of finish rolling 10% or more, reduction ratio of previous pass of final pass: 18% or more
- the steel to which Nb and Ti of the present invention are added suppresses recrystallization of austenite during hot rolling. For this reason, when the rolling reduction of the final pass of finish rolling is less than 10%, the ratio of ferrite transformation from unrecrystallized austenite after hot finish rolling increases, and the hot rolled sheet structure tends to become duplex grain microstructure. . As a result, the steel sheet structure after cold rolling and annealing becomes a non-uniform structure due to the influence of the hot-rolled sheet structure, resulting in an increase in material variation and a decrease in workability.
- the rolling reduction in the final pass of the finish rolling is 10% or more, there is an effect of refining the hot rolled sheet structure, and the secondary structure (final) is used to maintain the microstructure even after the subsequent cold rolling and annealing.
- the rolling reduction of the final pass is preferably 10% or more, and more preferably 13% or more.
- the reduction rate of the previous pass of the final pass is controlled within an appropriate range.
- the rolling reduction ratio of the previous pass of the final pass 18% or more, the strain accumulation effect is enhanced, the recrystallization of austenite is further promoted, the non-uniformity of the hot rolled sheet structure is eliminated, and the material variation is reduced. Reduce. Further, when the reduction ratio of the pass before the final pass of the finish rolling is 18% or more, it has an effect of refining the hot-rolled sheet structure and maintains the microstructure even after the subsequent cold rolling and annealing. It contributes to refinement of the ferrite grain size and martensite grain size after the next (final) annealing, and effectively acts to improve stretch flangeability.
- the rolling reduction of the pass before the final pass is preferably 18% or more, and more preferably more than 20%.
- both of these rolling reductions are less than 40%.
- Finish rolling temperature 850-950 ° C
- the finish rolling temperature is less than 850 ° C.
- the structure becomes non-uniform, and the workability (ductility, stretch flangeability) decreases significantly.
- the finish rolling temperature exceeds 950 ° C.
- the amount of oxide (scale) generated increases rapidly, the interface between the base iron and the oxide becomes rough, and the surface quality after pickling and cold rolling tends to deteriorate. Is recognized.
- the crystal grain size becomes excessively large, and sometimes an orange peel like surface defect occurs during processing. Therefore, the finish rolling temperature is preferably 850 to 950 ° C.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet that has been subjected to the hot rolling (hereinafter also referred to as hot-rolled sheet), Cooling is started within 3 seconds, and the temperature range from finish rolling temperature to (finish rolling temperature – 100 ° C) is cooled at an average cooling rate of 5 to 200 ° C / second and wound in a coil shape at a temperature of 450 to 650 ° C. It is preferable to take.
- the hot rolled sheet structure is a band in which ferrite and pearlite are formed in layers It tends to be a banded structure. Since such a layered structure is a state in which the concentration unevenness of the components is generated in the steel sheet, it is likely to become a non-uniform structure after cold rolling annealing, and it becomes difficult to make the structure uniform and fine. For this reason, the workability degradation such as stretch flangeability and the TS fluctuation amount with respect to the annealing temperature may increase. Therefore, it is preferable that the time from the end of finish rolling to the start of cooling be within 3 seconds.
- the average cooling rate in the temperature range from the finish rolling temperature to (finish rolling temperature ⁇ 100 ° C.) should be 5 to 200 ° C./second. Is preferred.
- Winding temperature 450-650 ° C
- the coiling temperature significantly affects the precipitation of NbC.
- the coiling temperature is less than 450 ° C.
- the precipitation of NbC becomes insufficient
- the precipitation of NbC tends to be non-uniform in the coil, and due to the difference in structure caused by the recrystallization behavior during annealing after cold rolling,
- the annealing temperature dependency may increase.
- the winding temperature exceeds 650 ° C., NbC precipitates coarsely, and the precipitation strengthening of ferrite by NbC becomes insufficient, so the effect of improving stretch flangeability by the effect of reducing the hardness difference from martensite is obtained. It may disappear. Therefore, the winding temperature is preferably 450 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower. More preferably, it is set to 500 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less.
- Cold rolling process The hot-rolled steel sheet obtained by hot rolling in the hot rolling process is appropriately pickled and cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- Pickling is not essential and can be performed as appropriate. Moreover, when pickling, it can carry out on normal conditions. In cold rolling, the rolling reduction is preferably 40% or more.
- Cold rolling reduction 40% or more If the rolling reduction of cold rolling is less than 40%, recrystallization occurs in the heating process during annealing unevenly, and a uniform and fine annealing structure may not be obtained. In addition, in-coil variations of the hot-rolled sheet structure that can occur normally remain even after cold rolling annealing, and the annealing temperature dependence of the material may increase. Therefore, from the viewpoint of obtaining a more uniform and fine structure in the coil, it is preferable that the rolling reduction of the cold rolling is 40% or more. In addition, since the load to the roll at the time of rolling will also increase when a rolling reduction exceeds 70% and there exists a possibility that a board trouble may generate
- the cold-rolled steel sheet after cold rolling is subjected to primary annealing.
- the recrystallization temperature of the cold rolled steel sheet obtained through the cold rolling process is relatively high, and the unrecrystallized structure is present after annealing. It tends to remain. Since such an unrecrystallized structure promotes diffusion of Si and Mn, it becomes easy to form a Si and Mn deficient layer on the steel sheet surface layer while forming a surface oxide of Si and Mn.
- Improvement of plating properties can be expected after pickling and secondary annealing.
- it is necessary to heat at an average heating rate in the temperature range from 700 ° C. to the annealing temperature at 1 ° C./s or less.
- the lower limit of the average heating rate is not particularly limited, but if it is less than 0.1 ° C./second, the sheet passing time in the annealing furnace is increased and the productivity is lowered, so the temperature range from 700 ° C. to the annealing temperature.
- the average heating rate is preferably 0.1 ° C./second or more.
- Heating to an annealing temperature in the annealing temperature range of 780 to 850 ° C If the annealing temperature is less than 780 ° C, a predetermined amount of martensite, bainite and residual austenite (residual ⁇ ) cannot be obtained after cooling of the primary annealing, and it depends on the annealing temperature It may be difficult to obtain a high-strength steel sheet with small properties.
- the non-recrystallized structure is likely to remain even after the primary annealing, and in the state where this non-recrystallized structure remains, Si and Mn are likely to be re-surface concentrated due to the strain effect during the secondary annealing, and non-plating is performed. It may cause.
- the annealing temperature exceeds 850 ° C.
- the desired ferrite content cannot be obtained after the primary annealing, and as a result, the concentration of C and Mn in the austenite becomes insufficient, and the amount of martensite after the secondary annealing is reduced.
- the annealing temperature dependency due to the fluctuation may increase. Furthermore, there is a problem that the productivity is lowered and the energy cost is increased. Therefore, the annealing temperature is set to a temperature in the temperature range of 780 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower.
- the holding time in the annealing temperature range of 780 to 850 ° C. in the primary annealing is from the viewpoint of progressing concentration of elements such as C and Mn to austenite. It is preferably 10 seconds or longer, and more preferably 20 seconds or longer. On the other hand, if the holding time exceeds 500 seconds, the crystal grain size becomes coarse, and there is a concern that various properties of the steel sheet may be adversely affected, such as a decrease in strength, a deterioration in surface properties, and a decrease in stretch flangeability.
- the holding time is preferably 200 seconds or less. As described above, the holding time in the annealing temperature range of 780 to 850 ° C., which is the annealing temperature range of the primary annealing, is set to 10 seconds or more and 500 seconds or less.
- Cooling at an average cooling rate from the annealing temperature to the cooling stop temperature of 500 ° C or less is 5 ° C / second or more.
- This cooling process is important for controlling the amount of martensite, bainite, pearlite, and residual ⁇ after the primary annealing.
- Have a role That is, when the average cooling rate is less than 5 ° C./second, the amount of ferrite generated during cooling becomes too large, so that a predetermined martensite amount cannot be obtained after secondary (final) annealing, and a desired TS cannot be obtained. There is a case.
- cooling stop temperature shall be 500 degrees C or less. Therefore, the average cooling rate in the temperature range from the annealing temperature to the cooling stop temperature of 500 ° C. or lower is set to 5 ° C./second or more. Preferably, it is 10 ° C./second or more. On the other hand, the average cooling rate in the temperature range from the annealing temperature to the cooling stop temperature of 500 ° C. or less is preferably 100 ° C./second or less from the viewpoint of plate shape stability and the like.
- the cooling is preferably gas cooling, but can be performed by furnace cooling, mist cooling, roll cooling, water cooling, or a combination thereof.
- the primary annealing is preferably performed by a continuous annealing method.
- the steel structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet after the primary annealing By performing the primary annealing, the steel structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet after the primary annealing, as described above, the total area ratio of the ferrite phase is 10% or more and 60% or less, martensite, bainite, and retained austenite.
- the steel structure has an area ratio of 40% to 90%.
- the conditions for pickling performed after the primary annealing may be such conditions. preferable. If the concentration of the pickling solution is less than 1% by mass, the pickling loss may be less than 0.05 g / m 2 in terms of Fe, and the removal of the surface concentrate by pickling may be insufficient. On the other hand, when the concentration of the pickling solution exceeds 10% by mass, the pickling loss may exceed 5 g / m 2, and the surface of the steel sheet may be roughened due to over pickling.
- the pickling loss may be less than 0.05 g / m 2 in terms of Fe, and the removal of the surface concentrate by pickling may be insufficient.
- the pickling weight loss may exceed 5 g / m 2, and the steel plate surface may be roughened by over pickling.
- the pickling time is less than 1 second, removal of the surface concentrate by pickling may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 20 seconds, the surface of the steel sheet may be roughened by over pickling.
- the pickling conditions are preferably an acid temperature: 40 ° C. or more and 90 ° C.
- the temperature is 70 ° C. or less
- the pickling time is 5 seconds or more and 10 seconds or less.
- annealing temperature in the annealing temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C Heating to an annealing temperature in the annealing temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C. If the annealing temperature in the secondary annealing is less than 750 ° C., a predetermined amount of martensite cannot be obtained after annealing cooling, and the desired strength may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the annealing temperature exceeds 850 ° C., Si and Mn re-concentrate during annealing, resulting in a decrease in plating properties.
- the annealing temperature is set to 750 ° C. or higher and 850 ° C. or lower. From the viewpoint of ensuring more stable plating properties, it is preferable to set the temperature to 750 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower.
- the holding time in the annealing temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C. in the secondary annealing is a viewpoint of further stabilizing the concentration of elements such as C and Mn in the austenite. Therefore, it is preferably 10 seconds or longer.
- the holding time exceeds 500 seconds Si and Mn re-concentrate during annealing, which may lead to a decrease in plating properties.
- the crystal grain size becomes coarse, which causes deterioration of the surface properties of the steel sheet, and may adversely affect various properties of the steel sheet such as a decrease in stretch flangeability. Therefore, the holding time in the annealing temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C. is set to 10 seconds or more and 500 seconds or less.
- Average cooling rate from the annealing temperature to the temperature of the galvanizing bath (primary cooling rate): 1 to 15 ° C / second Heating to the annealing temperature in the annealing temperature range, soaking at the annealing temperature, annealing at 750 to 850 ° C After holding in the temperature range for 10 to 500 seconds, cooling is performed at an average cooling rate of 1 to 15 ° C./second to the temperature of the galvanizing bath normally maintained at 420 to 500 ° C. If the average cooling rate (primary cooling rate) from the annealing temperature to the galvanizing temperature exceeds 15 ° C / second, ferrite formation during cooling is suppressed, and hard phases such as martensite and bainite are generated excessively.
- the average cooling rate from the annealing temperature to the plating bath is 1 ° C./second or more and 15 ° C./second or less.
- the cooling is preferably gas cooling, but can be performed by furnace cooling, mist cooling, roll cooling, water cooling, or a combination thereof.
- the secondary annealing is preferably performed by a continuous annealing method, and is particularly preferably performed using a CGL (continuous galvanizing line) equipped with a hot-dip galvanizing treatment facility described later.
- Hot-dip galvanizing treatment / alloying treatment After cooling at the primary cooling rate, the hot-dip galvanizing treatment is performed by dipping in a galvanizing bath.
- the hot dip galvanizing process may be performed by a conventional method.
- alloying treatment of galvanization is performed before cooling at an average cooling rate (secondary cooling rate) of 5 to 100 ° C./second described later. You can also In this case, the alloying treatment of galvanizing can be performed by, for example, heating to a temperature range of 500 to 650 ° C. after the hot dip galvanizing treatment and holding it for several seconds to several tens of seconds by a conventional method.
- the galvanizing conditions, coating weight is per side 20 ⁇ 70g / m 2, the case of alloying, Fe concentration (Fe%) in the coating layer is preferably 6 to 15 wt%.
- the average cooling rate (secondary cooling rate) up to a temperature of 150 ° C. or lower is pearlite around 400 to 500 ° C. when the cooling rate is less than 5 ° C./second. In some cases, bainite is generated, a predetermined amount of martensite cannot be obtained, and a desired strength cannot be obtained.
- the secondary cooling rate exceeds 100 ° C./second, martensite becomes too hard, and ductility and stretch flangeability may be deteriorated. Therefore, the secondary cooling rate is set to 5 ° C./second or more and 100 ° C./second or less.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet finally obtained after the secondary annealing described above can be subjected to temper rolling or leveler processing for the purposes of shape correction and surface roughness adjustment. . If temper rolling is performed excessively, strain is introduced excessively, resulting in a rolled processed structure in which the crystal grains are stretched, and ductility is reduced. It is preferably about 1.5%.
- the holding time in the annealing temperature range of the primary annealing step is the holding time in the annealing temperature range of 780 to 850 ° C. (the annealing temperature range of the primary annealing step), and the holding time in the annealing temperature range of the secondary annealing step Is the holding time in the annealing temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C.
- a sample was taken from the galvannealed steel sheet obtained as described above, and the structure was observed by the following method, and a tensile test was performed with the 90 ° direction (C direction) as the tensile direction with respect to the rolling direction. As well as the area ratio of ferrite phase and martensite phase, average grain size of ferrite and martensite, yield strength (YP), tensile strength (TS), total elongation (El) and hole expansion rate ( ⁇ ) was measured. Further, the appearance after plating and the appearance after alloying were visually observed to evaluate the surface properties.
- a tensile test piece having a 90 ° direction (C direction) as the tensile direction with respect to the rolling direction was collected and subjected to a tensile test.
- the amount of TS fluctuation ( ⁇ TS) when the secondary annealing temperature fluctuates by ⁇ 20 ° C. relative to the median value, that is, the annealing temperature fluctuates by 40 ° C. was evaluated.
- the sample for steel structure observation was extract
- Martensite and retained austenite were particles having white contrast. Further, after tempering the test piece at 250 ° C. for 4 hours, a structure photograph was obtained in the same manner, and the region where the carbide was generated in a lamellar shape was pearlite and the carbide was dotted in a row before heat treatment. The area ratio is calculated again as the area that was bainite or martensite before heat treatment, and the fine particles remaining as white contrast are measured as residual ⁇ , with white contrast before tempering The area ratio of martensite was determined from the difference from the area ratio of the particles (martensite and residual ⁇ ).
- the area ratio of each phase is colored separately for each phase on a transparent OHP sheet, and after image capture, binarization is performed, and image analysis software (Digital Image Pro Plus ver. 4 manufactured by Microsoft Corporation) is used. 0).
- image analysis software Digital Image Pro Plus ver. 4 manufactured by Microsoft Corporation
- the average particle diameters of ferrite and martensite were measured by a cutting method in accordance with JIS G0522.
- collected from the steel plate after a primary annealing after grinding L section (perpendicular cross section parallel to a rolling direction) mechanically and corroding with nital, with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) From the structure photograph (SEM photograph) taken at a magnification of 3000 times, the steel sheet structure was identified and the ferrite area ratio was measured. Furthermore, the Si and Mn-deficient layer depth is a region in which the element concentrations of Si and Mn are each 3/4 or less of the element concentration in steel, based on the concentration profile in the depth direction measured by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDS). Was used as an index.
- GDS glow discharge optical emission spectrometry
- a tensile test piece having a tensile direction of 90 ° direction (C direction) with respect to the rolling direction is collected and subjected to a tensile test.
- TS fluctuation ( ⁇ TS) when the annealing temperature fluctuated by 40 ° C. was evaluated.
- ⁇ TS ⁇ 50 MPa is considered to be excellent in material uniformity as an evaluation standard for material uniformity.
- steel plate No. The steel sheets of 2 to 9 are invention examples in which the component composition and production method are adapted to the present invention, satisfying TS ⁇ 1180 MPa, TS ⁇ El ⁇ 15000 MPa ⁇ %, TS ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 43000 MPa ⁇ %, and the annealing temperature is 40
- the steel sheet is excellent in the annealing temperature dependency in which the TS variable ( ⁇ TS) when the temperature fluctuates is 50 MPa or less.
- the occurrence of non-plating and alloying unevenness is not observed, and the steel sheet has good surface properties.
- the comparative steel plate No. In No. 1 since the amount of C is below the range of the present invention, the desired amount of martensite cannot be obtained, and TS ⁇ 1180 MPa has not been achieved.
- Comparative Example No. No. 10 has an Nb amount and a Ti amount that are below the range of the present invention, and the precipitation strengthening of ferrite is insufficient, so the effect of reducing the hardness difference from the martensite phase is small, and TS ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 43000 MPa ⁇ % is not achieved. ing. Further, this is a comparative example in which the desired Si and Mn deficiency layer depth could not be obtained, and non-plating and alloying unevenness occurred. Steel plate No. of comparative example No.
- a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having a thickness of 1.2 mm (a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet that has not been subjected to alloying treatment (hereinafter simply referred to as hot-dip galvanized steel sheet in Table 4)), and An alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet (product plate) which was a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet subjected to alloying treatment was manufactured.
- the holding time in the annealing temperature range of the primary annealing step is the holding time in the annealing temperature range of 780 to 850 ° C. (the annealing temperature range of the primary annealing step), and the holding time in the annealing temperature range of the secondary annealing step Is the holding time in the annealing temperature range of 750 to 850 ° C. (secondary annealing temperature range).
- pickling was performed for 10 seconds with 60 mass% hydrochloric acid.
- the hot dip galvanizing treatment is adjusted so that the adhesion amount is 50 g / m 2 per side (double-sided plating), and when alloying is performed, the Fe% in the plating layer is 9 to 12% by mass. Adjusted as follows.
- Example 1 For the various high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheets (product sheets) obtained as described above, as in Example 1, the specification of the steel sheet structure, the area ratio of the ferrite phase and martensite phase, and the average crystal of ferrite and martensite The particle size, YP, TS, El, and ⁇ were measured, and the TS fluctuation amount ( ⁇ TS) when the annealing temperature fluctuated by 40 ° C. was evaluated.
- ⁇ TS TS fluctuation amount
- Table 5 shows the measurement results. From Table 5, steel plate No. satisfying the production conditions of the present invention. Steel plates of 13 to 15, 18 to 21, and 23 to 25 are examples of the invention in which the component composition and the manufacturing method are adapted to the present invention, TS ⁇ 1180 MPa, TS ⁇ El ⁇ 15000 MPa ⁇ %, TS ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 43000 MPa ⁇ %
- the TS variation ( ⁇ TS) when the annealing temperature fluctuates by 40 ° C. is a steel plate excellent in annealing temperature dependency that is 50 MPa or less.
- the occurrence of non-plating and alloying unevenness is not observed, and the steel sheet has good surface properties.
- steel plate No. of the comparative example. No. 16 is a comparison in which pickling loss in the pickling process is below the range of the present invention, and surface concentrates of easily oxidizable elements such as Si and Mn generated during primary annealing remain, resulting in non-plating and alloying unevenness. It is an example.
- Steel plate No. of comparative example No. 17 is a comparative example in which non-plating and alloying unevenness due to roughening of the steel sheet surface due to per-acid picking occurred because the pickling loss in the pickling process exceeded the upper limit of the range of the present invention.
- the high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet obtained by the present invention not only has a high tensile strength, but also has an excellent surface appearance and a small dependence on the annealing temperature of the material, greatly contributing to the improvement of automobile crash safety and weight reduction. It is possible to improve workability during press molding. Moreover, it is suitable not only for automobile parts but also as a material in the fields of architecture and home appliances.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、上記知見に基づきなされたもので、その要旨は以下のとおりである。
引張強度(TS)が1180MPa以上の高強度鋼板を得るためには、フェライトとマルテンサイトからなる複合組織鋼板において、フェライトを強化するためのSiやマルテンサイトの面積率を高めるためのCやMnを多量に添加する必要がある。しかしながら、SiやMnはFeよりも酸化しやすい易酸化性元素であるため、SiやMnを多量に含有する溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造においては、めっき性の低下が懸念される。また、TSが1180MPa以上である高強度複合組織鋼板は、通常の連続焼鈍ラインで生じる焼鈍条件の変動によって、鋼板中のマルテンサイト量などが変動しやすいため、コイル内、特にコイル長手方向において、強度や伸びなどの材質変動が大きくなりやすい。この場合、自動車の連続プレスラインにおいて、安定的にプレス成形を行うことが困難となり、作業性が大きく低下することが懸念される。
Cは鋼板の高強度化に有効な元素であり、マルテンサイトを形成することで高強度化に寄与する。また、CはNbやTiといった炭化物形成元素と微細な合金化合物、あるいは、合金炭窒化物を形成することで高強度化に寄与する。これらの効果を得るためには、C量は0.120%以上とする必要がある。一方、C量が0.180%を超えると、スポット溶接部の靭性を低下させ、溶接特性を低下させる場合があるだけでなく、マルテンサイトの増加により、鋼板が硬質化し加工性も著しく低下する傾向にある。このため、C量は0.180%以下とする。したがって、C量は0.120%以上0.180%以下とする。好ましくは、C量は0.120%以上0.150%以下である。
Siは主に固溶強化(solid solution strengthening)により高強度化に寄与する元素であり、かつ、強度上昇に対して延性の低下が比較的少なく、強度のみならず、強度と延性のバランスの向上にも寄与する元素である。また、Siは焼鈍時の2相域を拡大する効果を有しており、材質の焼鈍温度依存性を小さくする効果も有する。これらの効果を得るためには、Siを0.01%以上含有することが必要である。一方、Si量が1.00%を超えると、鋼板表面にSi系酸化物が形成されやすく、不めっきの原因となる場合がある。このため、Si量は1.00%以下とする。したがって、Si量は0.01%以上1.00%以下とする。好ましくは、Si量は0.01%以上0.50%以下である。
Mnは固溶強化およびマルテンサイトの形成により高強度化に寄与する元素であり、この効果を得るためには2.20%以上含有することが必要である。一方、Mn量が3.50%を超えると、原料コストの上昇を招くとともに、Mnの偏析などに起因して部分的に変態点が異なる組織となり、結果としてフェライト相とマルテンサイト相がバンド状に存在する不均一な組織となりやすく、加工性が低下する場合がある。また、Mnは、鋼板表面に酸化物として濃化し、不めっきの原因になる場合がある。さらに、スポット溶接部の靭性を低下させ、溶接特性を低下させる場合がある。このため、Mn量は3.50%以下とする。したがって、Mn量は2.20%以上3.50%以下とする。TS≧1180MPaを安定的に確保する観点からは、Mn量は2.50%以上とすることが好ましい。
Pは固溶強化により、鋼板の高強度化に有効な元素である。しかしながら、P量が0.001%未満ではその効果が現れないだけでなく、製鋼工程において脱燐(dephosphorization)コストの上昇を招く場合があるため、P量は0.001%以上とする。一方、P量が0.050%を超えると、溶接性が顕著に劣化する。このため、P量は0.050%以下とする。したがって、P量は0.001%以上0.050%以下とする。好ましくは、P量は0.001%以上0.030%以下とし、より好ましくは、P量は0.001%以上0.020%以下とする。
Sは熱間脆性を起こす原因となるほか、鋼中に硫化物系介在物として存在して、鋼板の加工性を低下させる有害な元素である。したがって、S量は極力低減するのが好ましく、本発明では、S量の上限は0.010%とする。S量は、好ましくは0.008%以下とする。下限は特にないが、極低S化するには製鋼コストが上昇するため、0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。
Alは脱酸剤として含有させる元素であり、さらに固溶強化能を有するため、高強度化に有効に作用する。しかしながら、sol.AlとしてのAl量が0.005%未満では上記効果が得られない。このため、sol.AlとしてのAl量は0.005%以上とする。一方、sol.AlとしてのAl量が0.100%を超えると、原料コストの上昇を招くとともに、鋼板の表面欠陥を誘発する原因ともなる。このため、sol.AlとしてのAl量は0.100%以下とする。したがって、sol.AlとしてのAl量は0.005%以上0.100%以下とする。
N量が0.0060%を超えると、鋼中に過剰な窒化物が生成することに起因して、延性や靭性の低下のほか、鋼板の表面性状の悪化も招く場合があるため、N量は0.0060%以下とする。一方、フェライトの清浄化による延性向上の観点から、N量は少ないほうが好ましいが、製鋼上のコストが増大するので、下限は0.0001%とする。したがって、N量は0.0001%以上0.0060%以下とする。
NbはCやNと炭化物や炭窒化物を形成することで高強度化に寄与する。また、Nbは熱延鋼板組織を微細化する作用を有し、さらに再結晶時に結晶粒の粗大化を抑制し、フェライトおよびマルテンサイトを均一微細化し、伸びフランジ性の向上および材質の焼鈍温度依存性の低減に寄与する。さらに、Nbは再結晶温度を上昇させるため、SiやMnの拡散が容易な高温域まで未再結晶組織を維持することができ、1次焼鈍時の加熱速度を適正に制御することで、未再結晶組織の歪による拡散促進効果により、Si、Mnの表面酸化物を形成しつつ、鋼板表層にはSi、Mnの欠乏層を形成させることが可能となる。続いて、1次焼鈍後の酸洗によってSi、Mnの表面酸化物を除去した後、2次焼鈍を行うことで鋼板表層のSi、Mnの欠乏層による鋼中Si、Mnの再表面濃化の抑制効果によって、めっき性が向上する。さらに、Nb添加による再結晶温度制御と1次焼鈍時の加熱速度制御により、再結晶とα-γ変態が同時に進行し、フェライトおよびマルテンサイトを主体とする硬質相の粒径が微細化されるため、酸洗、2次(最終)焼鈍後においても微細組織が維持され、その結果、伸びフランジ性の向上に寄与する。
このような効果を得るために、Nb量は0.010%以上とする。好ましくは、Nb量は0.030%以上とする。一方、Nb量が0.100%を超えて過剰に含有されると、熱間圧延時の負荷を増大させ、また、冷間圧延時の変形抵抗を高くして、安定した実機製造を困難にする。また、フェライトの延性を低下させ、加工性が顕著に低下する。このため、Nb量は0.100%以下とする。したがって、Nb量は0.010%以上0.100%以下とする。好ましくは、Nb量は0.030%以上0.100%以下とする。
TiはNbと同様、CやNと炭化物や炭窒化物を形成することで高強度化に寄与する。また、Tiは熱延鋼板組織を微細化する作用を有し、さらに再結晶時に結晶粒の粗大化を抑制し、フェライトおよびマルテンサイトを均一微細化し、伸びフランジ性の向上および材質の焼鈍温度依存性の低減に寄与する。さらに、TiはNbと同様に再結晶温度を上昇させるため、SiやMnの拡散が容易な高温域まで未再結晶組織を残存させることで、1次焼鈍加熱中にSi、Mnの拡散を促進し、Si、Mnの表面酸化物を形成しつつ、鋼板表層にはSi、Mnの欠乏層を形成させることが可能となる。この鋼板表層のSi、Mn欠乏層の効果により、酸洗および2次焼鈍後の鋼板におけるめっき性の向上に寄与する。さらに、Ti添加による再結晶温度制御と1次焼鈍時の加熱速度制御により、再結晶とα-γ変態が同時に進行し、フェライトおよびマルテンサイトを主体とする硬質相の粒径が微細化されるため、酸洗、2次(最終)焼鈍後においても微細組織が維持され、その結果、伸びフランジ性の向上に寄与する。
このような効果を得るために、Ti量は0.010%以上とする。好ましくは、Ti量は0.030%以上とする。一方、Ti量が0.100%を超えると、この効果が飽和するだけではなく、フェライト中に過剰に析出し、フェライトの延性を低下させる。このため、Ti量は0.100%以下とする。したがって、Ti量は0.010%以上0.100%以下とする。好ましくは、Ti量は0.030%以上0.100%以下とする。
(Nb/93+Ti*/48)/(C/12)≦0.12・・・(1)
ただし、Ti*=Ti-(48/14)N-(48/32)Sである。また、該Ti*を求める式、および上記(1)式中のC、Nb、Ti、N、Sは、それぞれ鋼中の各元素の含有量(質量%)を示す。
ここで、(Nb/93+Ti*/48)/(C/12)は、Cに対するTi、Nbの原子比であり、この値が0.12を超えると、NbCやTiCの析出量が増加するため、フェライトの変形能が低下し、鋼板の延性が低下する場合があり、さらに、熱間圧延の圧延負荷を増加して、製造安定性を阻害する場合がある。このため上記(1)式に示すように(Nb/93+Ti*/48)/(C/12)は0.12以下とすることが好ましく、0.08以下とすることがより好ましい。
MoおよびCrは焼入れ性を向上させ、マルテンサイトを生成することで高強度化に寄与する元素であり、必要に応じて含有することができる。このような効果を発現させるため、これらの元素はそれぞれ0.05%以上含有させることができる。一方、Mo、Crの含有量がそれぞれ1.00%を超えると上記効果が飽和するだけではなく、原料コストの増加を招くので、これらの含有量はそれぞれ1.00%以下とする。
VはNb、Tiと同様、微細な炭窒化物を形成することで、高強度化に寄与するため、必要に応じて含有することができる。このような効果を発現させるためには0.02%以上含有させることが好ましい。一方、V量が0.50%を超えると、上記効果が飽和するだけでなく、原料コストの増加を招くので、Vの含有量は0.50%以下とする。
Bは、MoやCrと同様、焼入れ性を向上させ、焼鈍冷却過程で起こるフェライトの生成を抑制し、マルテンサイトを生成することで高強度化に寄与する。このような効果を得るため、Bは0.0001%以上含有させることができる。一方、Bの含有量が0.0030%を超えると上記の効果は飽和するため、Bの含有量は0.0030%以下とする。
Cuは熱間圧延時に割れを引き起こして、表面疵の発生原因となる有害元素である。しかし、本発明ではCuによる鋼板特性への悪影響は小さいので、0.30%以下の含有量であれば許容できる。これにより、スクラップ等を使用し、リサイクル原料の活用が可能となるので原料コストの低減を図ることができる。
NiはCuと同様、鋼板特性に及ぼす影響は小さいが、Cu含有による表面疵の発生を防止する効果がある。上記効果は、NiをCu含有量の1/2以上含有することで発現させることができる。しかし、Niの含有量が過剰になると、スケールの不均一生成に起因した別の表面欠陥の発生を助長するので、Niを含有する場合、その含有量の上限は0.30%とする。
CaはMnSなどの硫化物の形状制御により延性を向上させる効果があるが、多量に含有させてもその効果は飽和する傾向にある。よって、Caを含有させる場合、0.0001%以上0.0020%以下とする。
上記のCu、Ni、Ca、REM、Sn、Sb、Zr及びMgは不可避的不純物として、本発明の鋼板に含まれる場合がある。
本発明では、2次(最終)焼鈍時の材質の焼鈍温度依存性を低減するため、1次焼鈍後の鋼板の鋼組織を、フェライトの面積率が10%以上60%以下、マルテンサイト、ベイナイト、残留オーステナイトの合計面積率が40%以上90%以下である鋼組織とすることが必要である。
1次焼鈍後の鋼板の鋼組織におけるマルテンサイト、ベイナイト、残留オーステナイトの合計面積率は、本発明の焼鈍温度依存性の小さい高強度鋼板を得るために、重要な因子のひとつである。すなわち、1次焼鈍後に認められるマルテンサイト、ベイナイト、残留オーステナイトは、1次焼鈍時の均熱中にCやMn等の元素が濃化したオーステナイトが、均熱後の冷却中に変態あるいは未変態のままに残存した組織であり、CやMnの濃度の高い領域である。これらのようなCやMnが濃化した領域は、2次焼鈍時のフェライト-オーステナイト変態点を低下させるため、2相域(フェライトとオーステナイトが共存する温度域)を拡大する。その結果、2次焼鈍において750~850℃の温度範囲で焼鈍したときのマルテンサイト面積率の変動が小さく、材質の変動も小さくなる。一般に、1次焼鈍後のマルテンサイト、ベイナイト、残留オーステナイトの合計面積率は、2次(最終)焼鈍後のマルテンサイト面積率と相関するため、2次(最終)焼鈍後にTS≧1180MPaを満足する観点から、1次焼鈍後のマルテンサイト、ベイナイト、残留オーステナイトの合計面積率は40%以上とする。一方、1次焼鈍後のマルテンサイト、ベイナイト、残留オーステナイト、すなわち、焼鈍均熱中のオーステナイト相はフェライト相に比べて、SiやMnの拡散速度が遅いため、その合計面積率が90%を超えると、Si、Mnの表面酸化物の形成および鋼板表層のSi、Mn欠乏層の形成が不十分となり、めっき性を低下させる場合がある。このため、1次焼鈍後のマルテンサイト、ベイナイト、残留オーステナイトの合計面積率は90%以下とし、好ましくは70%以下とする。
1次焼鈍時の均熱中あるいはその後の冷却中に生成したフェライト相は、オーステナイト相にCやMnを濃化させ、前記したようなCやMnが濃化した領域(CやMnの濃化部)を形成する。このようなCやMnの濃化部は、2次焼鈍時のフェライト-オーステナイト変態点を低下させ、2次焼鈍において、750~850℃の温度範囲で焼鈍したときのマルテンサイト面積率の変動を小さくし、材質変動も小さくできる。このような効果を安定的に得るため、1次焼鈍後のフェライトの面積率は10%以上とする。一方、1次焼鈍後のフェライトの面積率が60%を超えると、2次焼鈍後の所望のマルテンサイト量の確保を阻害し、TS≧1180MPaを安定して得ることが困難となる。このため、1次焼鈍後のフェライトの面積率は60%以下とする。
フェライトの面積率:10%以上60%以下
フェライト相は延性を確保する上で重要な因子であり、面積率で10%未満では延性の確保が困難となり、加工性が低下する場合がある。したがって、2次焼鈍後の鋼板の鋼組織におけるフェライトの面積率は、延性確保の観点から、10%以上とし、好ましくは20%以上とする。一方、2次焼鈍後の鋼板の鋼組織におけるフェライトの面積率が60%を超えるとTS≧1180MPaを確保するのが困難となる。したがって、2次焼鈍後の鋼板の鋼組織におけるフェライトの面積率は60%以下とし、好ましくは50%以下とする。
なお、フェライトの平均結晶粒径が微細な場合、フェライト粒界から逆変態して生成するマルテンサイトの微細化に寄与し、伸びフランジ性の向上に寄与する。したがって、2次焼鈍後の鋼板の鋼組織におけるフェライトの平均結晶粒径は10μm以下とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは、5μm以下とする。
マルテンサイトは本発明の鋼板の強度を確保するのに必要な硬質相である。マルテンサイトの面積率が40%未満では、鋼板強度が低下し、TS≧1180MPaを確保することが困難となる場合がある。したがって、2次焼鈍後の鋼板の鋼組織におけるマルテンサイトの面積率は40%以上とし、好ましくは50%以上とする。一方、マルテンサイトの面積率が90%を超えると硬質相が過剰となり、加工性の確保が困難となる場合がある。このため、2次焼鈍後の鋼板の鋼組織におけるマルテンサイトの面積率は90%以下とし、好ましくは70%以下とする。
なお、マルテンサイトの平均結晶粒径が5μm超えでは、軟質なフェライトと硬質なマルテンサイトの界面においてボイドが発生しやすくなり、伸びフランジ性や局部延性が低下する場合がある。これに対して、マルテンサイトの平均結晶粒径を5μm以下とすることで、フェライトとマルテンサイトの界面におけるボイドの生成が抑制され、伸びフランジ性の低下が抑制される。したがって2次焼鈍後の鋼板の鋼組織におけるマルテンサイトの平均結晶粒径は5μm以下とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは2μm以下とする。
近年、自動車車体の軽量化および車両衝突時の乗員安全性確保が強く求められており、これらの要求に応えるためには、自動車車体の素材となる鋼板を高強度化することが必要となる。本発明で得られる高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板は、TS≧1180MPaであり、このような高強度化を達成できる。
通常、連続焼鈍ラインでの製造において、焼鈍温度はコイル内で約40℃(±20℃)変動する。この焼鈍温度変化に対する材質の変動量を評価するに当たり、焼鈍温度の中央値と、±20℃の焼鈍温度変動が生じた位置の計3ヶ所から、圧延方向に対して90°方向(C方向)を引張方向とするJIS5号引張試験片(JIS Z 2201)を採取し、JIS Z 2241の規定に準拠した引張試験を行い、TS変動量、すなわちTSの最大値と最小値の差(ΔTS=TSmax-TSmin)を評価した。本発明においては、ΔTS≦50MPaといった、材質の焼鈍温度依存性が小さい鋼板を得ることができる。
溶融亜鉛めっき後の外観を目視で評価し、不めっきが全くないものを○、不めっきが発生したものを×とし、また、合金化後の外観は、合金化ムラが認められたものを×、合金化ムラがなく均一の外観が得られたものを○として、目視評価した場合、本発明により得られる高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板においては、めっき後および合金化後ともに○の評価が得られる。
鋼スラブの加熱段階で存在している析出物は、最終的に得られる鋼板内では粗大な析出物として存在し、強度に寄与しないため、鋳造時に析出したTi、Nb系析出物を充分な量、再溶解させる必要がある。また、スラブ表面の気泡、偏析などの欠陥をスケールオフすることにより、鋼板表面の亀裂や凹凸を減少し、平滑な鋼板表面を達成する観点からも1150℃以上に加熱することが有効である。このため、スラブ加熱温度は1150℃以上とすることが好ましい。一方、スラブ加熱温度が1300℃を超えると、オーステナイト粒の粗大化を引き起こし、最終組織が粗大化(coarsening)し、伸びフランジ性を低下させる場合がある。このため、スラブ加熱温度は、1300℃以下とすることが好ましい。
上記により得られた鋼スラブに対して粗圧延および仕上げ圧延を含む熱間圧延を施す。まず、鋼スラブは粗圧延によりシートバーとされる。なお、粗圧延の条件は特に規定する必要はなく、常法にしたがって行うことができる。また、表面温度の低下による熱間圧延時のトラブルを防止する観点からは、シートバーを加熱するシートバーヒーターを活用することは有効な方法である。
本発明のNb、Tiを添加した鋼は熱間圧延時のオーステナイトの再結晶を抑制する。このため、仕上げ圧延の最終パスの圧下率が10%未満では、熱間仕上げ圧延後に未再結晶のオーステナイトからフェライト変態する割合が多くなり、熱延板組織が混粒(duplex grain microstructure)となりやすい。この結果、冷間圧延、焼鈍後の鋼板組織が熱延板組織の影響を受けて不均一な組織となり、材質バラツキの増大や加工性の低下を招く場合がある。また、仕上げ圧延の最終パスの圧下率が10%以上では、熱延板組織を微細化する効果を有し、その後の冷間圧延および焼鈍後においても微細組織を維持するため、2次(最終)焼鈍後のフェライト粒径およびマルテンサイト粒径の微細化に寄与し、伸びフランジ性の向上に有効に作用する。よって、最終パスの圧下率は10%以上とすることが好ましく、13%以上とすることがより好ましい。
さらに、上記最終パスの圧下率制御に加えて、最終パスの前パスの圧下率を適正範囲に制御する。すなわち、この最終パスの前パスの圧下率を18%以上とすることによって、歪蓄積効果が高まり、オーステナイトの再結晶がより促進され、熱延板組織の不均一性が解消され、材質バラツキが低減する。また、仕上げ圧延の最終パスの前パスの圧下率が18%以上では、熱延板組織を微細化する効果を有し、その後の冷間圧延および焼鈍後においても微細組織を維持するため、2次(最終)焼鈍後のフェライト粒径およびマルテンサイト粒径の微細化に寄与し、伸びフランジ性の向上に有効に作用する。一方、最終パスの前パスの圧下率が18%未満では、オーステナイトの再結晶促進効果や微細化効果が得られない場合がある。よって、最終パスの前パスの圧下率は18%以上とすることが好ましく、20%超とすることがより好ましい。
なお、上記最終パスおよび最終パスの前パスの2パスの圧下率が大きくなると圧延負荷が上昇するため、これらの圧下率はいずれも40%未満とするのが好ましい。
仕上げ圧延温度が850℃未満の場合、組織が不均一となり、加工性(延性、伸びフランジ性)の低下が顕著となる。一方、仕上げ圧延温度が950℃を超えると、酸化物(スケール)の生成量が急激に増大し、地鉄と酸化物の界面が荒れ、酸洗、冷間圧延後の表面品質が劣化する傾向が認められる。また、結晶粒径が過度に粗大となり、加工時にプレス表面の荒れ(orange peel like surface defect)が生じる場合がある。したがって、仕上げ圧延温度は850~950℃とすることが好ましい。
仕上げ圧延終了後、冷却を開始するまでの時間が3秒を超える場合、フェライトが析出し、熱延板組織がフェライトとパーライトが層状に形成されたバンド組織(banded structure)となりやすい。このような層状組織は、鋼板内に成分の濃度ムラが生じた状態であるため、冷延焼鈍後に不均一な組織となりやすく、組織の均一微細化が困難となる。このため、伸びフランジ性などの加工性の低下や焼鈍温度に対するTS変動量が増大する場合がある。したがって、仕上げ圧延終了後、冷却を開始するまでの時間を3秒以内とすることが好ましい。
仕上げ圧延直後の高温域である、仕上げ圧延温度~(仕上げ圧延温度-100℃)の温度域における冷却速度が5℃/秒に満たない場合、フェライトが粗大に析出し、熱延板組織が粗大化しやすくなるとともに、フェライトとパーライトが層状に形成されたバンド組織となりやすい。このようなバンド状組織は、鋼板内に成分の濃度ムラが生じた状態であるため、冷延焼鈍後に不均一な組織となりやすく、組織の均一微細化が困難となる。このため、伸びフランジ性などの加工性や材質の焼鈍温度依存性が大きくなる場合がある。一方、該平均冷却速度が200℃/秒を超えても効果は飽和するので、仕上げ圧延温度~(仕上げ圧延温度-100℃)の温度域における平均冷却速度は5~200℃/秒とすることが好ましい。
巻取り温度はNbCの析出に著しく影響を及ぼす。巻取り温度が450℃未満では、NbCの析出が不十分となり、NbCの析出がコイル内で不均一になりやすく、冷間圧延後の焼鈍加熱時の再結晶挙動に起因した組織差により材質の焼鈍温度依存性が大きくなる場合がある。また、巻取り温度が650℃を超えると、NbCが粗大に析出し、NbCによるフェライトの析出強化が不十分となるため、マルテンサイトとの硬度差低減効果による伸びフランジ性の改善効果が得られなくなる場合がある。したがって、巻取り温度は450℃以上650℃以下とすることが好ましい。さらに好ましくは500℃以上600℃以下とする。
熱間圧延工程にて、熱間圧延して得られた熱延鋼板は、適宜酸洗を行い、冷間圧延を施し冷延鋼板とする。酸洗は必須ではなく、適宜行うことができる。また、酸洗を行う場合は、通常の条件にて行うことができる。また、冷間圧延では、圧下率:40%以上とすることが好ましい。
冷間圧延の圧下率が40%未満では、焼鈍時の加熱過程における再結晶が不均一に生じ、均一微細な焼鈍組織が得られない場合がある。これに加えて、通常起こりうる熱延板組織のコイル内バラツキが冷延焼鈍後にも残存し、材質の焼鈍温度依存性が大きくなる場合がある。そこで、コイル内において、より均一微細な組織を得る観点から、冷間圧延の圧下率は40%以上とすることが好ましい。なお、圧下率が70%を超えると圧延時のロールへの負荷も高まり、通板トラブルが発生する懸念があるため、圧下率の上限を70%程度とすることがより好ましい。
700℃から焼鈍温度までの温度範囲の平均加熱速度:1℃/秒以下
冷間圧延後の冷延鋼板には、1次焼鈍を施す。本発明においては、熱延鋼板の段階でTiCやNbCを析出させているため、冷間圧延工程を経て得られた冷延鋼板の再結晶温度は比較的高温となり、焼鈍後に未再結晶組織が残存しやすくなる。このような未再結晶組織はSiやMnの拡散を促進するため、SiやMnの表面酸化物を形成しつつ、鋼板表層にはSi、Mnの欠乏層を形成させることが容易となり、その結果、酸洗および2次焼鈍後にめっき性の向上が期待できる。このような効果を得るためには、700℃から焼鈍温度までの温度域の平均加熱速度を1℃/s以下として加熱する必要がある。なお、上記平均加熱速度の下限は特に限定しないが、0.1℃/秒未満では、焼鈍炉内の通板時間が増大し、製造性を低下させるため、700℃から焼鈍温度までの温度範囲の平均加熱速度は0.1℃/秒以上とすることが好ましい。
焼鈍温度が780℃未満では、1次焼鈍の冷却後に所定量のマルテンサイト、ベイナイト、残留オーステナイト(残留γ)量が得られず、焼鈍温度依存性の小さい高強度鋼板を得ることが困難となる場合がある。また、1次焼鈍後においても未再結晶組織が残存しやすくなり、この未再結晶組織が残存した状態では、2次焼鈍中にSiやMnが歪効果によって再表面濃化しやすくなり、不めっきの原因になる場合がある。一方、焼鈍温度が850℃を超えると、1次焼鈍後に所望のフェライト量が得られず、その結果、オーステナイトへのCやMnの濃化が不十分となり、2次焼鈍後のマルテンサイト量の変動に起因した焼鈍温度依存性が大きくなる場合がある。さらに、生産性の低下やエネルギーコストの増加を招くという問題もある。よって、焼鈍温度は780℃以上850℃以下の温度域の温度とする。
1次焼鈍における780~850℃の焼鈍温度域での保持時間は、オーステナイトへのC、Mn等の元素の濃化を進行させる観点から、10秒以上とするのが好ましく、20秒以上がより好ましい。一方、保持時間が500秒を超えると、結晶粒径が粗大化し、強度の低下、表面性状の劣化、伸びフランジ性の低下等、鋼板の諸特性に悪影響を及ぼす懸念がある。保持時間は好ましくは200秒以下である。以上より、1次焼鈍の焼鈍温度域である、780~850℃の焼鈍温度域での保持時間は10秒以上500秒以下とする。
この冷却過程は、1次焼鈍後のマルテンサイト、ベイナイト、パーライト、残留γ量を制御するために重要な役割を担っている。すなわち、平均冷却速度が5℃/秒未満では、冷却中に生成するフェライト量が多くなりすぎるため、2次(最終)焼鈍後に所定のマルテンサイト量が得られず、所望のTSが得られない場合がある。また、冷却停止温度が500℃を超えると、2次(最終)焼鈍後に所定のマルテンサイト量が得られず、所望のTSが得られない場合がある。このため、冷却停止温度は500℃以下とする。したがって、焼鈍温度から500℃以下の冷却停止温度までの温度範囲の平均冷却速度は5℃/秒以上とする。好ましくは10℃/秒以上とする。一方、焼鈍温度から500℃以下の冷却停止温度までの温度範囲の平均冷却速度は板形状安定性等の観点から100℃/秒以下が好ましい。
冷却は、ガス冷却が好ましいが、炉冷、ミスト冷却、ロール冷却、水冷、あるいはこれらを組み合わせて行うことも可能である。
上記1次焼鈍は、連続焼鈍法にて行うことが好ましい。
1次焼鈍時に生成したSi、Mnなどの易酸化性元素の表面濃化物は、2次焼鈍後のめっき性を顕著に劣化させるため、Si、Mnなどの表面濃化物を除去し、めっき性を改善するために、酸洗を実施する。ここで、酸洗は、通常の条件にて行うことができる。なお、鋼板の酸洗減量をFe換算で0.05~5g/m2で酸洗することによって、表面濃化物を完全に除去でき、たとえば、40~90℃、濃度1~10質量%程度の酸(塩酸、硫酸、硝酸等)で1~20秒の酸洗処理で表面濃化物が完全に除去されるため、1次焼鈍後に施す酸洗の条件としては、このような条件とすることが好ましい。酸洗液の濃度が1質量%未満では酸洗減量がFe換算で0.05g/m2未満となる場合があり、酸洗による表面濃化物の除去が不十分となる場合がある。一方、酸洗液の濃度が10質量%を超えると酸洗減量が5g/m2を超える場合があるとともに、過酸洗による鋼板表面の荒れが発生する場合がある。また、酸の温度が40℃未満では酸洗減量がFe換算で0.05g/m2未満となる場合があり、酸洗による表面濃化物の除去が不十分となる場合がある。一方、酸の温度が90℃を超えると、酸洗減量が5g/m2を超える場合があるとともに、過酸洗による鋼板表面の荒れが発生する場合がある。酸洗時間が1秒未満では、酸洗による表面濃化物の除去が不十分となる場合があり、20秒を超えると過酸洗による鋼板表面の荒れが発生する場合がある。したがって、酸洗条件は、酸温度:40℃以上90℃以下、酸濃度:1質量%以上10質量%以下、酸洗時間:1秒以上20秒以下とすることが好ましく、酸温度:50℃以上70℃以下、酸洗時間:5秒以上10秒以下とすることがより好ましい。
上記した酸洗減量のFe換算値は、酸洗前後の鋼板質量から求めることができる。
750~850℃の焼鈍温度域の焼鈍温度に加熱
2次焼鈍における焼鈍温度が750℃未満では、焼鈍冷却後に所定のマルテンサイト量が得られず、所望の強度が得られない場合がある。一方、焼鈍温度が850℃を超えると、焼鈍中にSi、Mnが再表面濃化し、めっき性の低下を招く。また、フェライトやオーステナイトが粗大化し、冷却後の組織が粗大化するため、鋼板表面性状の劣化を招き、伸びフランジ性の改善効果が得られない場合もある。さらに、生産性の低下やエネルギーコストの増加を招くという問題もある。したがって、焼鈍温度は750℃以上850℃以下とする。より安定してめっき性を確保する観点からは、750℃以上800℃以下とすることが好ましい。
2次焼鈍における750~850℃の焼鈍温度域での保持時間は、オーステナイトへのC、Mn等の元素の濃化をより安定化させる観点から、10秒以上とするのが好ましい。一方、保持時間が500秒を超えると、焼鈍中にSi、Mnが再表面濃化し、めっき性の低下を招く場合がある。また、結晶粒径が粗大化し、鋼板表面性状の劣化を招き、伸びフランジ性の低下等、鋼板の諸特性に悪影響を及ぼす恐れがある。したがって、750~850℃の焼鈍温度域での保持時間は10秒以上500秒以下とする。
前記焼鈍温度域の焼鈍温度に加熱し、焼鈍温度で均熱して、750~850℃の焼鈍温度域で10~500秒保持した後、通常420~500℃に保持されている亜鉛めっき浴の温度まで平均冷却速度1~15℃/秒で冷却する。焼鈍温度から亜鉛めっきの温度までの平均冷却速度(1次冷却速度)が15℃/秒を超えると、冷却中のフェライト生成が抑制され、マルテンサイトやベイナイトなどの硬質相が過度に生成するため、強度が高くなりすぎてしまい、延性や伸びフランジ性等の加工性の劣化を招く。一方、1℃/秒未満では、冷却中に生成するフェライトの量が多くなりすぎ、所望のTSが得られない場合がある。したがって、焼鈍温度からめっき浴までの平均冷却速度は1℃/秒以上15℃/秒以下とする。冷却は、ガス冷却が好ましいが、炉冷、ミスト冷却、ロール冷却、水冷、あるいはこれらを組み合わせて行うことも可能である。上記2次焼鈍は、連続焼鈍法にて行うことが好ましく、とくに後述の溶融亜鉛めっき処理設備まで備えたCGL(continuous galvanizing line)を用いて行うことが好ましい。
上記の1次冷却速度で冷却後、亜鉛めっき浴に浸漬して溶融亜鉛めっき処理を施す。溶融亜鉛めっき処理は常法で行えばよい。また、亜鉛めっき浴に浸漬して溶融亜鉛めっき処理を施した後、後述する5~100℃/秒の平均冷却速度(2次冷却速度)で冷却する前に、亜鉛めっきの合金化処理を施すこともできる。この場合、亜鉛めっきの合金化処理は、例えば、溶融亜鉛めっき処理後、500~650℃の温度域に加熱し、常法により数秒~数十秒保持することで行うことができる。亜鉛めっき条件としては、めっき付着量は片面あたり20~70g/m2であり、合金化する場合、めっき層中のFe濃度(Fe%)は6~15質量%とすることが好ましい。
溶融亜鉛めっき処理後、あるいは亜鉛めっきの合金化処理を施した後の冷却において、150℃以下の温度までの平均冷却速度(2次冷却速度)が、5℃/秒未満の緩冷却では400~500℃付近でパーライトあるいはベイナイトが生成し、所定量のマルテンサイトが得られず、所望の強度が得られない場合がある。一方、2次冷却速度が100℃/秒を超えるとマルテンサイトが硬くなりすぎてしまい、延性や伸びフランジ性が低下する場合がある。したがって、2次冷却速度は5℃/秒以上100℃/秒以下とする。
合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板から、組織観察用試験片を採取し、L断面(圧延方向に平行な垂直断面)を機械的に研磨し、ナイタールで腐食した後、走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)で、倍率3000倍で撮影した組織写真(SEM写真)から、鋼板組織の特定とフェライトおよびマルテンサイトの面積率を測定した。なお、上記組織写真からの鋼板の鋼組織の特定は、フェライトはやや黒いコントラストの領域、パーライトは炭化物がラメラー状に生成している領域、ベイナイトは炭化物が点列状に生成している領域とし、マルテンサイトおよび残留オーステナイト(残留γ)は白いコントラストのついている粒子とした。さらに、上記試験片に、250℃で4hrの焼戻し処理を施した後、同様にして組織写真を得て、炭化物がラメラー状に生成している領域を熱処理前にパーライト、炭化物が点列状に生成している領域を熱処理前にベイナイトもしくはマルテンサイトであった領域として再度その面積率を求め、白いコントラストのまま残存している微粒子を残留γとして測定し、焼戻し処理前の白いコントラストがついている粒子(マルテンサイトおよび残留γ)の面積率との差から、マルテンサイトの面積率を求めた。なお、それぞれの相の面積率は、透明のOHPシートに、各相ごとに相別して色付けし、画像を取り込み後、2値化を行い、画像解析ソフト(マイクロソフト社製Digital Image Pro Plus ver 4.0)にて求めた。また、フェライトおよびマルテンサイトの平均粒径はJIS G0522の規定に準拠し、切断法にて測定した。
合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板から、圧延方向に対して90°方向(C方向)を引張方向とするJIS5号引張試験片(JIS Z2201)を採取し、JIS Z2241の規定に準拠した引張試験を行い、YP、TS、Elを測定した。なお、引張試験の評価基準はTS≧1180MPa、TS×El≧15000MPa・%とした。
伸びフランジ成形性は日本鉄鋼連盟規格JFST1001に準拠した穴拡げ試験により評価した。すなわち、得られた合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板に対して、100mm×100mm角サイズのサンプルを採取し、サンプルにポンチ径10mmのポンチで打ち抜いたポンチ穴を開け、頂角60°の円錐ポンチを用いて、バリが外側になるようにして、板厚を貫通する割れが発生するまで穴拡げ試験を行い、このときのd0:初期穴内径(mm)、d:割れ発生時の穴内径(mm)として、穴拡げ率λ(%)={(d-d0)/d0}×100を求めた。なお、穴拡げ率の評価基準として、TS×λ≧43000MPa・%を、伸びフランジ性に優れるとした。
めっき後の外観を目視で評価し、不めっきが全くないものを○、不めっきが発生したものを×とした。また、合金化後の外観は、合金化ムラが認められたものを×、合金化ムラがなく均一の外観が得られたものを○として、目視評価した。
比較例の鋼板No.30は2次焼鈍時の焼鈍温度が本発明を上回るため、2次焼鈍時にSi、Mnが再表面濃化し、不めっきや合金化ムラが発生した比較例である。比較例の鋼板No.31は2次焼鈍時の焼鈍温度が本発明範囲を下回るため、2次焼鈍後の鋼板において所望のフェライト分率、マルテンサイト分率が得られず、TS≧1180MPaを未達となっている。
Claims (4)
- 質量%で、C:0.120%以上0.180%以下、Si:0.01%以上1.00%以下、Mn:2.20%以上3.50%以下、P:0.001%以上0.050%以下、S:0.010%以下、sol.Al:0.005%以上0.100%以下、N:0.0001%以上0.0060%以下、Nb:0.010%以上0.100%以下、Ti:0.010%以上0.100%以下を含有し、残部が鉄および不可避的不純物からなる鋼スラブを熱間圧延して熱延鋼板とし、該熱延鋼板を冷間圧延して冷延鋼板とし、次いで該冷延鋼板を1次焼鈍し、酸洗し、次いで2次焼鈍を施して溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板とする高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法において、前記1次焼鈍では、700℃から焼鈍温度までの温度範囲の平均加熱速度を1℃/秒以下として780~850℃の焼鈍温度域の焼鈍温度に加熱し、780~850℃の焼鈍温度域で10~500秒保持した後、前記焼鈍温度から500℃以下の冷却停止温度までの平均冷却速度を5℃/秒以上として冷却することで、フェライトの面積率が10%以上60%以下、マルテンサイト、ベイナイト、残留オーステナイトの合計面積率が40%以上90%以下である鋼組織を有する鋼板とし、前記酸洗は、鋼板の酸洗減量をFe換算で0.05~5g/m2とし、前記2次焼鈍では、750~850℃の焼鈍温度域の焼鈍温度に加熱し、750~850℃の焼鈍温度域で10~500秒保持した後、前記焼鈍温度から1~15℃/秒の平均冷却速度で冷却し、亜鉛めっき浴に浸漬する溶融亜鉛めっき処理を施し、前記溶融亜鉛めっき処理後、5~100℃/秒の平均冷却速度で150℃以下に冷却して、面積率で10%以上60%以下のフェライトと面積率で40%以上90%以下のマルテンサイトとを含む鋼組織を有する鋼板とする高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記溶融亜鉛めっき処理後、5~100℃/秒の平均冷却速度で冷却する前に、さらに亜鉛めっきの合金化処理を施す請求項1に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記鋼スラブが、上記成分組成に加えてさらに、質量%でMo:0.05%以上1.00%以下、V:0.02%以上0.50%以下、Cr:0.05%以上1.00%以下、B:0.0001%以上0.0030%以下から選ばれる1種以上を含有する請求項1または2に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記熱間圧延では、熱間圧延の仕上げ圧延終了後、3秒以内に冷却を開始し、熱間仕上げ圧延温度~(熱間仕上げ圧延温度-100℃)の温度域を平均冷却速度:5~200℃/秒で冷却し、巻取り温度を450~650℃として巻き取り、前記冷間圧延では、圧下率40%以上で冷間圧延する請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
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- 2015-06-09 CN CN201580040310.9A patent/CN106661658B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN106661658B (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
EP3173494B1 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
US20170152580A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
CN106661658A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
MX2017001106A (es) | 2017-04-27 |
US10544477B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
EP3173494A4 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
JP5884210B1 (ja) | 2016-03-15 |
EP3173494A1 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
JPWO2016013144A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
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