WO2013114477A1 - 半導体装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013114477A1 WO2013114477A1 PCT/JP2012/005717 JP2012005717W WO2013114477A1 WO 2013114477 A1 WO2013114477 A1 WO 2013114477A1 JP 2012005717 W JP2012005717 W JP 2012005717W WO 2013114477 A1 WO2013114477 A1 WO 2013114477A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/63—Vertical IGFETs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/0445—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising crystalline silicon carbide
- H01L21/048—Making electrodes
- H01L21/049—Conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes, e.g. MIS contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D12/031—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D12/031—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs
- H10D12/032—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs of vertical IGBTs
- H10D12/038—Manufacture or treatment of IGBTs of vertical IGBTs having a recessed gate, e.g. trench-gate IGBTs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/411—Insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/441—Vertical IGBTs
- H10D12/461—Vertical IGBTs having non-planar surfaces, e.g. having trenches, recesses or pillars in the surfaces of the emitter, base or collector regions
- H10D12/481—Vertical IGBTs having non-planar surfaces, e.g. having trenches, recesses or pillars in the surfaces of the emitter, base or collector regions having gate structures on slanted surfaces, on vertical surfaces, or in grooves, e.g. trench gate IGBTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D30/021—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET]
- H10D30/025—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET] of vertical IGFETs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/40—Crystalline structures
- H10D62/405—Orientations of crystalline planes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/832—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge being Group IV materials comprising two or more elements, e.g. SiGe
- H10D62/8325—Silicon carbide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D64/00—Electrodes of devices having potential barriers
- H10D64/20—Electrodes characterised by their shapes, relative sizes or dispositions
- H10D64/27—Electrodes not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. gates
- H10D64/311—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices
- H10D64/411—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs
- H10D64/511—Gate electrodes for field-effect devices for FETs for IGFETs
- H10D64/512—Disposition of the gate electrodes, e.g. buried gates
- H10D64/513—Disposition of the gate electrodes, e.g. buried gates within recesses in the substrate, e.g. trench gates, groove gates or buried gates
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly, to a semiconductor device having a trench gate structure and a manufacturing method thereof.
- semiconductor devices having a trench gate structure have attracted attention.
- a channel region is formed on the surface of the semiconductor layer, whereas in the trench gate structure semiconductor device, the channel region is formed on the side wall surface of the trench provided in the semiconductor layer. Therefore, the trench gate structure semiconductor device can be expected to be miniaturized and the on-resistance can be reduced as compared with the planar gate structure semiconductor device. For this reason, a semiconductor device having a trench gate structure has been developed particularly in the field of power devices.
- the semiconductor device having a trench gate structure is not limited by miniaturization due to a junction FET (JFET) effect, the trench can be miniaturized and the on-resistance and switching loss can be reduced. have.
- JFET junction FET
- the gate insulating film is thinned on the trench side wall surface where the channel region is formed, and the gate insulating film film is formed on the trench bottom surface to avoid electric field concentration. It is required to increase the thickness.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film is increased as a whole in order to increase the dielectric breakdown electric field, the threshold voltage at the time of switching increases.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film is reduced as a whole in order to reduce the threshold voltage during switching, electric field concentration occurs at the bottom of the trench.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a method of forming a thicker gate insulating film on the bottom surface of the trench using a difference in plane orientation between the side wall surface and the bottom surface of the trench. Further, for example, in Patent Document 3, by forming a mask selectively on the trench sidewall when forming the gate insulating film, the formation of an oxide film on the trench sidewall is suppressed, and a thick gate other than the trench sidewall is formed. A method for forming an insulating film has been proposed.
- the conventional trench gate structure semiconductor device has the following problems.
- a gate insulating film is also required on the semiconductor layer around the trench.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film formed around the trench is thin, the parasitic capacitance between the gate and the semiconductor layer around the trench (hereinafter sometimes referred to as gate-semiconductor interlayer capacitance) increases, and delay occurs. And the breakdown voltage of the gate insulating film between the gate and the semiconductor layer is reduced. Therefore, when the gate electrode has a T-shape, it is preferable to control not only the thickness of the gate insulating film on the side surface of the trench but also the thickness of the gate insulating film around the trench.
- Patent Document 2 when the film thickness of the gate insulating film is controlled using the plane orientation of the substrate, a substrate having a special plane orientation is required, which increases the manufacturing cost. .
- Patent Document 3 when a mask is formed on the trench sidewall and a thick gate insulating film is selectively formed on the trench sidewall, a process of forming and removing the mask is necessary. It becomes. As a result, there arises a problem that the manufacturing process becomes complicated and the manufacturing cost and cycle time increase.
- the above problems occur both in a silicon semiconductor device and in a semiconductor device using a wide band gap semiconductor such as silicon carbide (silicon carbide: SiC).
- SiC silicon carbide
- the relative dielectric constant of SiC (9.7 for 4H-SiC) is smaller than that of Si (11.9), and the difference from the relative dielectric constant of SiO 2 (3.8) is small. Therefore, a large electric field is applied to the gate insulating film in the semiconductor device using SiC.
- the gate electrode is formed in a T-shape in a semiconductor device using SiC, the problems of an increase in gate-semiconductor interlayer capacitance and a decrease in breakdown voltage of the gate insulating film between the gate-semiconductor layer become more serious.
- the present disclosure makes it possible to easily realize a semiconductor device having a trench gate structure that can reduce the gate-semiconductor layer capacitance and can improve the breakdown voltage of the gate insulating film between the gate-semiconductor layers. With the goal.
- a semiconductor device of the present disclosure includes a substrate having a semiconductor layer on a main surface, a trench provided in the semiconductor layer, a semiconductor layer around the trench, and a bottom portion and a side surface of the trench.
- a cavity provided in a region sandwiched between the gate electrode and the gate insulating film, and at least a part of the cavity above the trench covers a side surface of the trench in a flat shape in the gate insulating film It protrudes from the extended surface of the upper surface toward the inside of the trench.
- a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes a step (a) of preparing a substrate having a semiconductor layer on a main surface, and a step (b) of forming a trench in the semiconductor layer.
- the capacitance between the gate and the semiconductor layer is increased. Reduction and suppression of dielectric breakdown due to electric field concentration between the gate and the semiconductor layer can be easily realized.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a planar configuration of an exemplary semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 2A and 2B are diagrams schematically illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of an exemplary semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 3A to 3C are cross-sectional views illustrating manufacturing processes of an exemplary semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 4A to 4C are cross-sectional views illustrating the manufacturing process of the exemplary semiconductor device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure following FIG. 3C.
- 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views illustrating the manufacturing process of the exemplary semiconductor device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure following FIG. 4C.
- 6A and 6B are cross-sectional views illustrating a semiconductor device according to Modification 1 of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a semiconductor device of Modification 2 of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film required in the semiconductor device having the trench gate structure will be described.
- a voltage of about ⁇ 20 V is applied to the gate electrode.
- ⁇ 20 V is applied between the gate electrode and the semiconductor layer.
- the dielectric breakdown electric field strength in a normal thermal oxide film is 10 MV / cm or more.
- the electric field strength allowable in the semiconductor device should be a value sufficiently smaller than the dielectric breakdown electric field strength, for example, about 3 MV / cm to 4 MV / cm. preferable.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film on the sidewall of the trench is set to about 70 nm.
- the (11-20) surface (“ ⁇ 2” is 2 bars) which is a trench sidewall.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film on the (0001) Si surface which is the semiconductor main surface is 30 nm or less. Therefore, the electric field applied to the gate insulating film on the semiconductor main surface is 10 MV / cm or more, and the reliability of the gate insulating film becomes insufficient.
- the capacitance between the gate electrode and the semiconductor layer region is about four times as large as that in the case where a gate insulating film having the same thickness as the side wall is formed on the main surface of the semiconductor layer, which is caused by the increase in capacitance Since a delay occurs, the switching speed decreases.
- the gate insulating film formation process is divided into a plurality of processes and the gate insulating film on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer around the trench is increased in thickness
- the film thickness on the side surface of the trench and the film thickness on the upper surface are independent. And can be controlled.
- an increase in man-hours is a big problem.
- the following steps are required. First, after forming a thermal oxide film inside the trench, a polysilicon film is formed so as to cover the thermal oxide film. Next, a nitride film that covers the polysilicon film is formed, and the formed nitride film is selectively removed to form a mask that covers the side surfaces of the trench and exposes the bottom. After the exposed portion of the polysilicon film is thermally oxidized, the mask is removed, and the unoxidized polysilicon film is removed.
- an oxide film obtained by oxidizing polysilicon has a lower breakdown field strength than an oxide film obtained by oxidizing single crystal silicon. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the gate insulating film on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer around the trench, compared with the case where the thermal oxide film is directly formed on the bottom of the trench. However, it is difficult to completely oxidize the thick polysilicon film to the inside, and it is not easy to make the film thickness of the gate insulating film on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer around the trench significantly larger than the side surface.
- the semiconductor device is a semiconductor device having a trench gate structure, and is a region around the trench and a shoulder portion (near the upper portion of the side surface of the trench) and between the gate electrode and the gate insulating film. Has a cavity. Having such a cavity corresponds to increasing the thickness of the gate insulating film around the trench and at the shoulder portion. Thereby, the gate-semiconductor interlayer capacitance can be reduced, and deterioration of the gate insulating film due to electric field concentration in the shoulder portion of the trench can be suppressed.
- the cavity forms an insulating film on the semiconductor layer around the trench by a plasma chemical vapor deposition method (P-CVD: Plasma-Chemical-Vapor-Deposition method or PECVD: Plasma-enhanced-Chemical-Vapor-Deposition method) Further, the insulating film is removed after forming the gate electrode.
- a plasma chemical vapor deposition method P-CVD: Plasma-Chemical-Vapor-Deposition method or PECVD: Plasma-enhanced-Chemical-Vapor-Deposition method
- the insulating film is removed after forming the gate electrode. According to such a method of forming a cavity, since no mask is required, the thickness of the cavity can be freely set independently of the thickness of the gate insulating film on the sidewall of the trench without complicating the process. Can do.
- the film thickness of the insulating film formed on the semiconductor layer around the trench can be more than twice the film thickness of the insulating film formed on the side wall surface of the trench. it can.
- a shape is obtained in which the insulating film extends inside the trench rather than the surface where the flat portion of the side surface of the trench extends in the shoulder portion of the trench. Can do. Therefore, the cavity formed after removing the insulating film also has an overhang shape, and the breakdown resistance of the gate insulating film due to electric field concentration in the shoulder portion of the trench can be improved.
- the “trench width direction” is described as the left-right direction in FIG. 1, for example, but the magnitude relationship between t1, t2, t3, w1, and w2 is the vertical direction or diagonal in FIG. The same applies to the direction.
- the planar shape of the trench is a rectangular shape is described, but the planar shape of the trench is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a square or may be another shape. .
- the “upper surface of the gate insulating film” extends from the upper surface of the portion of the gate insulating film provided around the trench to the inner surface of the portion of the gate insulating film provided in the trench. Point to the surface.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a semiconductor device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure including a plurality of unit cells 100U.
- 2A is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the unit cell 100U along the IIA-IIA line (line perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the trench) shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. It is an enlarged view which shows a part of area
- the source electrode 10 and the interlayer insulating film 13 are not shown in FIG.
- the semiconductor device 100 is a SiC-metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MISFET) having a trench gate structure, and includes a plurality of unit cells 100U.
- MISFET SiC-metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor
- each unit cell 100 ⁇ / b> U is formed on a semiconductor layer 102 provided on the main surface (front surface) of the substrate 1.
- the substrate 1 for example, an n-type (first conductivity type) SiC substrate having a (0001) Si surface as a main surface can be used.
- substrate 1 is not restricted to this, The SiC board
- a 4H—SiC substrate is used as an example.
- the semiconductor layer 102 includes an n-type drift region 2 provided on the main surface of the substrate 1, a p-type (second conductivity type) body region 3 provided on the drift region 2, and an upper portion of the body region 3.
- the n-type source region 4 is provided. The lower surface and the outer surface of the source region 4 are surrounded by the body region 3.
- the semiconductor layer 102 is a SiC layer formed by epitaxial growth on the substrate 1, but may be formed by implanting n-type or p-type impurity ions into the main surface side portion of the substrate 1.
- the semiconductor layer 102 is provided with a trench 12 that is a recess that penetrates the source region 4 and the body region 3 and reaches the drift region 2.
- the side wall surface of the trench 12 is substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the semiconductor layer 102.
- the depth of the trench 12 is, for example, about 1.5 ⁇ m, and the width of the trench 12 is, for example, about 1 ⁇ m.
- the trench 12 has a striped planar shape when viewed from the normal direction of the main surface of the substrate 1.
- a gate insulating film 11 is formed on the source region 4 around the trench 12, on the side surface of the trench 12, and on the bottom surface of the trench 12.
- a gate electrode 8 made of a conductive film such as a polysilicon film is embedded in the trench 12.
- the gate electrode 8 is provided between these two portions, and a connection portion having a constricted shape in the width direction of the trench 12 is provided. And has a T-shaped cross-sectional shape.
- the gate electrode 8 spreads around the trench, the gate resistance can be reduced as compared with the case where the gate electrode 8 is formed only in the trench 12.
- the gate electrode 8 has a constricted connection portion, the distance between the connection portion and the source region 4 can be increased, so that electric field concentration in the vicinity of the upper peripheral portion of the trench 12 can be reduced. It becomes possible.
- the portion of the gate electrode 8 embedded in the trench 12 at least the portion of the side surface facing the channel formation region 3 a and the bottom surface are in contact with the gate insulating film 11.
- a cavity 50 is formed in a region around the upper peripheral edge of the trench 12 and the periphery of the trench 12 and sandwiched between the gate electrode 8 and the gate insulating film 11. As described above, the gate electrode 8 and the semiconductor layer 102 are insulated from each other by the gate insulating film 11 and the cavity 50.
- a source electrode 10 (source-body electrode) electrically connected to the source region 4 and the body region 3 is provided on the semiconductor layer 102 so as to surround the trench 12.
- a drain electrode 9 is formed on the back surface of the substrate 1 (the surface opposite to the surface on which the trenches 12 and the like are formed).
- an interlayer insulating film 13 that covers the gate electrode 8 and the source electrode 10 is provided on the semiconductor layer 102, and a gate wiring and a source wiring (not shown) are formed in the interlayer insulating film 13. Both the gate wiring and the source wiring are connected to the gate electrode 8 and the source electrode 10 by contact plugs (not shown) formed in the interlayer insulating film 13.
- a current flows from the drain electrode 9 toward the source region 4 and the source electrode 10.
- a channel region in which carriers flow is formed in a portion (channel formation region 3a) located in the vicinity of the side surface of the trench 12 in the body region 3.
- a portion of the gate insulating film 11 that is in contact with the body region 3 electrically insulates the channel forming region 3a and the gate electrode 8 and functions as a substantial gate insulating film.
- the surface of the channel formation region 3a (a part of the side surface of the trench 12) is formed flat, and the gate insulating film 11 that covers the surface is formed to have a uniform film thickness. Therefore, the surface of the gate insulating film 11 in the portion on the channel formation region 3a is also formed flat.
- “formed flat” allows a case where fine irregularities are formed on the surface due to variations in manufacturing conditions or the like, or the film thickness becomes non-uniform within an error range.
- the film thickness of the gate insulating film 11 on the channel formation region 3a is, for example, about 40 nm to 100 nm.
- the upper surface of the gate insulating film 11 in the portion on the bottom of the trench 12 is located below the lower surface of the body region 3.
- the thickness of the portion of the gate insulating film 11 covering the semiconductor layer 102 (more specifically, the semiconductor layer 4) around the trench 12 is larger than the thickness t1 of the portion of the gate insulating film 11 covering the side surface of the trench 12. t22 is small.
- the thickness of the cavity 50 located on the gate insulating film 11 is t21.
- the cavity 50 is formed at least in the shoulder portion of the trench 12 (near the upper corner of the side surface of the trench 12). In other words, the cavity 50 is located above the trench 12 in a portion protruding toward the inside of the trench 12 from a surface extending the upper surface of the gate insulating film 11 on the channel formation region 3a (a portion overhanging above the trench 12). ). Further, the cavity 50 is arranged so as to partially enter the upper portion of the trench 12 and the peripheral portion.
- the above dimension is equal to the thickness t 1 of the gate insulating film 11 in the portion covering the side surface of the trench 12.
- the opposite side (outside of the trench 12).
- the opposite side (outside of the trench 12).
- the tangent line is inclined with an angle A greater than 0 degrees inside the trench 12 with respect to the side surface of the trench 12.
- the capacitance between the gate electrode 8 and the source region 4 is reduced, the dielectric breakdown due to electric field concentration is suppressed, and switching is performed as follows. Both reduction of the threshold voltage can be realized.
- the distance t2 between the source region 4 and the gate electrode 8 is the sum of the thickness t22 of the gate insulating film 11 on the source region 4 and the thickness t21 of the cavity 50, and the gate insulating film on the side surface of the trench 12 11 is greater than the thickness t1.
- the main surface is a (0001) Si surface that allows easy crystal growth, and the thickness of the gate insulating film 11 on the side surface of the trench 12. Is about 70 nm, the thickness of the SiO 2 film formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 102 by the thermal oxidation method is about 30 nm. Therefore, when the gate electrode 8 has a T-shaped cross section and the cavity 50 is not provided, the gate electrode 8 and the source region 4 come close to each other and the gate-source capacitance increases.
- the thickness t21 of the cavity 50 around the trench 12 is set independently of the thickness t1 of the gate insulating film 11 formed on the sidewall of the trench 12. it can.
- the film thickness is about three times that of the (0001) Si surface formed by thermal oxidation, and the oxide film has a dielectric constant of about 3.9, whereas the cavity has a dielectric constant of about 3.9. Therefore, the total electric thickness is about 12 times. Therefore, the gate-semiconductor interlayer capacitance can be reduced to about 1/12.
- the cavity 50 has a shape protruding to the inside of the trench 12 as described by the relationship of w1> w2 and the angle A greater than 0 degrees. For this reason, even if electric field concentration occurs, the thickness of the insulating film at the shoulder portion of the trench 12 is large, so that the electric field strength can be reduced and the dielectric breakdown resistance is improved. Furthermore, the electric field strength can be reduced because the relative dielectric constant of the cavity is smaller than that of the oxide film.
- the thickness t 1 of the gate insulating film 11 on the side surface of the trench 12 and the distance t 2 between the source region 4 and the gate electrode 8 around the trench 12 are determined. Can be set separately. Therefore, the thickness of the gate insulating film 11 on the side surface of the trench 12 (on the channel formation region 3a) can be freely set, and the threshold voltage at the time of switching can be reduced.
- FIGS. 3A to 3C First manufacturing method of semiconductor device- Next, a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3C, FIGS. 4A to 4C, and FIGS. 5A to 5B.
- SiC is epitaxially grown on the main surface of the substrate 1 having the (0001) Si surface as the main surface, and the n-type drift region 2 and the p-type body region 3 are sequentially formed. Form. Subsequently, an n-type source region 4 is formed in the body region 3.
- n-type SiC substrate containing nitrogen having a concentration of about 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 can be used as the substrate 1.
- the drift region 2 is doped with nitrogen at a concentration of about 8 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the thickness of the drift region 2 is about 12 ⁇ m, for example.
- the impurity concentration and thickness of the drift region 2 may be determined by the required breakdown voltage, and are not limited to the exemplified concentration and thickness. Impurity concentrations, thicknesses, and the like in other components are also examples and are not limited to the description.
- the body region 3 may be doped with aluminum at a concentration of about 2 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the thickness of the body region 3 is about 1 ⁇ m.
- the source region 4 may be formed by ion implantation or the like. That is, an implantation mask made of SiO 2 or the like is formed so as to expose a portion to be the source region 4 in the body region 3. Thereafter, n-type impurity ions (for example, nitrogen ions) are implanted into the body region 3. The ion implantation is performed, for example, with an acceleration energy of 100 keV and a dose amount of 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 2 . After removing the implantation mask, annealing is performed for about 30 minutes at a temperature of about 1700 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere. Thereby, the implanted impurity ions are activated and the source region 4 is obtained.
- n-type impurity ions for example, nitrogen ions
- the example which forms the semiconductor layer 102 by epitaxial growth may replace with this and may form all or one part of the semiconductor layer 102 by performing ion implantation etc. to a SiC substrate.
- p-type impurities may be implanted into an n-type SiC substrate, and the upper portion of the SiC substrate may be used as the body region 3.
- the body region 3 may be formed by epitaxially growing an n-type semiconductor layer on the SiC substrate and then ion-implanting p-type impurities into the surface region of the formed n-type semiconductor layer. In these cases, the region where the p-type impurity is not implanted becomes the drift region 2.
- the trench 12 is formed in the semiconductor layer 102.
- a mask made of a SiO 2 film that first exposes the central portion of the source region 4 is formed. Thereafter, using the mask, the source region 4, the body region 3, and a part of the drift region 2 are removed by reactive ion etching (RIE).
- RIE reactive ion etching
- Trench 12 penetrates body region 3 but does not penetrate drift region 2, and is formed so that the bottom surface is below the interface between drift region 2 and body region 3.
- the trench 12 may have a depth of about 1.5 ⁇ m and a width of about 1 ⁇ m.
- 3B shows an example in which the side surface of the trench 12 is perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate 1, but this is not restrictive (the side surface of the trench 12 is the main surface of the substrate 1). An example that is not perpendicular to the above will be described separately).
- the gate insulating film 11 is formed on the semiconductor layer 102 around the trench 12 and on the side surface and the bottom of the trench 12.
- a thermal oxidation method may be used, and a heat treatment may be performed at a temperature of about 1200 ° C. for about 1 hour in a dry oxidation atmosphere.
- the gate insulating film 11 having a thickness t1 of about 70 nm on the side surface of the trench 12 and a thickness t22 of about 30 nm on the bottom and surroundings (on the semiconductor layer 102) of the trench 12 is formed.
- an insulating film 55 is deposited by P-CVD.
- the insulating film 55 is formed at the bottom of the trench 12 and around the trench 12, and the film thickness t3 on the main surface of the semiconductor layer 102 is larger than the film thickness t4 on the side wall of the trench 12.
- t3 is about twice as thick as t4.
- the insulating film 55 has a shape protruding (overhanging) from the end of the gate insulating film 11 to the inside of the trench 12. Therefore, the dimension t5 of the insulating film 55 at the height of the main surface of the semiconductor layer 102 and in the width direction of the trench 12 is larger than the film thickness t4 on the side wall of the trench 12. For example, t5 is about 1.3 times t4.
- the inner surface of the insulating film 55 bends from the bottom to the top and then toward the inside of the trench 12, and then bends toward the opposite side, with an inflection point in between. Assuming that a tangent line is drawn at the inflection point, the tangent line is inclined with an angle A greater than 0 degrees inside the trench 12 with respect to the height direction of the semiconductor device 100.
- the insulating film 55 may be, for example, about 150 nm or more and about 500 nm or less. A more specific example is about 350 nm.
- the same shape can be obtained by using any of the silicon oxide film and the silicon nitride film as the insulating film 55.
- the formation of the insulating film 55 by the P-CVD method can be performed under known conditions using a known apparatus.
- a parallel plate type P-CVD apparatus is used to deposit a Si 3 N 4 film.
- the electric power is about 500 W
- the pressure in the chamber is about 70 Pa
- ammonia (NH 3 ) is 180 sccm.
- sccm means cm ⁇ 3 / min at 0 ° C. and 1 atm.
- the supply amount of silane, ammonia and nitrogen may be adjusted according to the required growth rate. Silane, ammonia and nitrogen are supplied from the side.
- a parallel plate type P-CVD apparatus is used to deposit a SiO 2 film.
- the supply amount of silane, N 2 O and nitrogen may be adjusted in accordance with the required growth rate. Silane, N 2 O and nitrogen are supplied from the side.
- the rate of deposition on the sidewall of the trench 12 (t4 / t3) changes, but the rate does not exceed 1. Further, when the thickness t4 of the insulating film 55 is less than 100 nm, t5 / t4 becomes small, and it becomes difficult to effectively increase the thickness of the shoulder portion of the trench 12. Accordingly, it is desirable that the film thickness t4 of the insulating film 55 be greater than 100 nm, for example, 300 nm.
- the insulating film 55 deposited on the side surface of the trench 12 is removed by wet etching.
- the etching amount at this time is set to be slightly higher than t4.
- the thin insulating film 55a remains around the trench 12 and the shoulder portion of the trench 12.
- etching can be performed with a phosphoric acid mixed solution (H 3 PO 4 / HNO 3 ) heated to about 150 ° C.
- the selectivity which is the ratio of the etching rate, can be set to 100 or more by adjusting the temperature and the concentration of the etching solution. Therefore, the etching can be performed so that the gate insulating film 11 is not substantially changed.
- the insulating film 55 when a silicon oxide film is used as the insulating film 55, it can be etched using a hydrofluoric acid solution.
- the selection ratio can be made 5 or more by adjusting the temperature and concentration. Also in this case, by adjusting the etching time, the insulating film 55 deposited on the side wall of the trench 12 can be selectively removed, and the film loss of the gate insulating film 11 can be suppressed as much as possible.
- the silicon oxide film can also be removed by using etching using vapor hydrofluoric acid. In this case, the selection ratio can be further increased.
- a conductive film is formed on the entire surface of the semiconductor layer 102 including the inside of the trench 12. Further, a resist layer 24 is formed so as to cover a part above and around the trench 12 and expose the other part. Subsequently, the conductive film is etched (for example, dry etching) using the resist layer 24 as a mask to obtain the gate electrode 8 having a T-shaped cross section.
- the gate electrode 8 is made of, for example, a polysilicon film doped with phosphorus at a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or more and having a thickness on the semiconductor layer 102 around the trench 12 of about 600 nm. In order to form the polysilicon film, for example, a low pressure CVD (LP-CVD) method can be used. However, the gate electrode 8 may be formed of a conductive film other than the polysilicon film.
- LP-CVD low pressure CVD
- the cavity 50 is formed by removing the insulating film 55 by isotropic etching.
- isotropic etching of the insulating film 55 it is desirable to use the same method as described in FIG.
- the gate insulating film 11 is formed on the sidewall of the trench 12, and the cavity 50 is formed on the main surface of the semiconductor layer 102 around the trench 12. At this time, the shape of the insulating film 55 is maintained. Therefore, the cavity 50 has a portion that protrudes inside the trench 12 from the extended surface of the gate insulating film 11 that covers the side surface of the trench 12 in the shoulder portion of the trench 12.
- the height of the main surface of the semiconductor layer 102 is t6 in the width direction of the trench 12. 2B and 4A, the tangent at the inflection point in the side surface shape of the cavity 50 is the inner side of the trench 12 with respect to the height direction of the semiconductor device 100. Is inclined at an angle A greater than 0 degrees. Further, when comparing the width w1 between the extended surfaces of the gate insulating film 11 on both sides of the trench 12 and the width w2 between the portions where the cavity 50 protrudes most inside the trench 12, w1> w2 Is established.
- an interlayer insulating film 13 is formed so as to cover the upper portion of the gate electrode 8 and to have an opening above the source region 4 and the body region 3.
- an opening with respect to the gate electrode 8 may be formed at the same time.
- the gate insulating film 11 on the source region 4 and the body region 3 is removed simultaneously with the opening of the interlayer insulating film 13.
- the gate insulating film 11 in the portion may be removed before the interlayer insulating film 13 is formed.
- the source electrode 10 is formed so as to be in contact with the body region 3 and the source region 4.
- a conductive film is formed in the opening of the interlayer insulating film 13.
- the conductive film may be a nickel (Ni) film, for example, and may be heat-treated as necessary after formation. Thereby, the source electrode 10 in ohmic contact with the source region 4 and the body region 3 is obtained.
- drain electrode 9 is formed on the back surface (surface opposite to the main surface) of the substrate 1. Further, although not shown in the drawing, wirings and plugs for connecting the electrodes and the wirings are formed as necessary.
- the semiconductor device 100 is manufactured as described above.
- the gate insulating film 11 and the cavity 50 functioning as an electrical insulating film are formed by combining the P-CVD method and the thermal oxidation method.
- the film thickness of the gate insulating film 11 on the side surface of the trench 12 and the film thickness of the cavity 50 provided around the trench 12 without forming a mask or the like.
- the film thickness of the gate insulating film 11 on the side wall of the trench 12 may be set as appropriate depending on the required threshold voltage and dielectric breakdown voltage.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram schematically showing a cross section in the width direction of the trench in the unit cell 100U in the semiconductor device of the modification
- FIG. 6B is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. It is a figure shown.
- the same components as those in FIGS. 2A and 2B are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the differences from the unit cell 100U in FIGS. 2A and 2B will be mainly described below. To do.
- the side surface of the trench 12 is perpendicular to the main surface of the semiconductor layer 102, and the upper and lower end portions of the sidewall of the trench 12 have corners without being rounded. is doing.
- the side surface of the trench 12 may be inclined with respect to the main surface of the semiconductor layer 102, and the trench 12 may have a tapered shape. Further, the side wall of the trench 12 may be rounded at one or both of the upper end portion and the lower end portion.
- the gate insulating film 11 is formed so as to cover the semiconductor layer 102 around the trench 12 and the side and bottom portions of the trench. Since the upper end portion of the side wall of the trench 12 has a rounded shape, the gate insulating film 11 in a portion covering the upper portion is also rounded. In addition, a cavity 50 is formed in an upper peripheral portion of the trench 12 and around the trench 12 and in a region sandwiched between the gate electrode 8 and the gate insulating film 11.
- the cavity 50 is provided so as to cover the entire rounded portion of the gate insulating film 11.
- the dimension of the gate insulating film 11 in the width direction of the trench 12 is t 1 and the height of the main surface of the semiconductor layer 102.
- the dimension from the extended surface of the flat portion of the side surface of the trench 12 to the gate electrode 8 in the width direction of the trench 12 is t3, t1 ⁇ t3 is established. Since the side surface of the trench 12 is inclined with respect to the main surface of the semiconductor layer 102, the thickness tx of the gate insulating film 11 in the portion covering the side surface of the trench 12 is different from t1.
- the opposite side (outside of the trench 12).
- the opposite side (outside of the trench 12).
- the tangent line is inclined with an angle A greater than 0 degrees inside the trench 12 with respect to the side surface of the trench 12.
- the unit cell 100U it is possible to realize a reduction in capacitance between the gate electrode 8 and the source region 4, a dielectric breakdown due to electric field concentration, and a reduction in threshold voltage during switching. . Furthermore, since the side surface of the trench 12 is rounded at the upper end portion and the lower end portion, the electric field concentration in these portions can be reduced.
- the etching is started in such a manner that the deposition amount of the reaction product on the side surface of the trench 12 increases, and the deposition amount gradually increases. Change to a setting that reduces it. It is also possible to round the upper end by performing etching in a hydrogen atmosphere after performing etching so that corners are formed at the upper end and the lower end.
- the side surface of the trench 12 may be perpendicular to the main surface of the semiconductor layer 102, and the upper end portion and / or the lower end portion of the side wall of the trench 12 may be rounded.
- the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the sidewall of the trench 12 may be angled without being rounded.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section in the width direction of the trench in the unit cell 100U in the semiconductor device of the modification.
- the same components as those in FIGS. 2A and 2B are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the differences from the unit cell 100U in FIGS. 2A and 2B will be mainly described below. To do.
- the unit cell 100U in FIG. 7 has an n-type (first conductivity type) channel layer 70 disposed between the side surface of the trench 12 and the gate insulating film 11, and has an accumulation channel structure. It has become. The effect of having the cavity 50 in addition to the gate insulating film 11 is also exhibited in this case.
- the semiconductor device 100 according to this modification may be a normally-off type.
- carriers electron here
- the gate electrode 8 by applying a positive voltage to the gate electrode 8, carriers (electrons here) flow between the source electrode 10 (and the source region 4) and the drain electrode 9 through the channel layer 70.
- the channel layer 70 for example, a trench is formed in the semiconductor layer 102 as in FIG. 3B, and then an n-type SiC layer is epitaxially grown on the semiconductor layer 102 including the inside of the trench 12. . Thereafter, the same steps as shown in FIGS. 3C to 5B may be performed.
- the channel layer 70 can also be formed by implanting n-type impurity ions into the sidewalls of the trench 12 after forming the trench 12 and before forming the gate insulating film 11.
- the n-type MISFET has been described.
- a p-type MISFET can also be used.
- the conductivity type of the substrate 1, the drift region 2 and the source region 4 is p-type
- the conductivity type of the body region 3 is n-type.
- the semiconductor layer 102 may further include a region other than the drift region 2, the body region 3, and the source region 4.
- an impurity layer having a conductivity type different from that of the drift region 2 may be provided near the bottom surface of the trench 12 in the drift region 2 for electric field relaxation.
- an insulated gate bipolar transistor Insulated Gate Gate Bipolar Transistor: IGBT
- IGBT Insulated Gate Gate Bipolar Transistor
- the source electrode 10, the drain electrode 9, and the source region 4 described above are sequentially called an emitter electrode, a collector electrode, and an emitter region, respectively.
- an n-type IGBT can be obtained if the conductivity type of the drift region and the emitter region is n-type and the conductivity type of the substrate and body region is p-type.
- an n-type buffer layer may be disposed between the p-type substrate and the n-type drift layer.
- a p-type IGBT can be obtained.
- a p-type buffer layer may be disposed between the n-type substrate and the p-type drift layer.
- planar shape of the trench 12 is rectangular and the unit cells 100U are arranged so that the long sides of the plurality of trenches are parallel to each other has been described.
- planar shape of the trench is not limited to this.
- a trench having a square planar shape may be used (in this case, the direction along one of the sides may be considered as the width direction of the trench).
- the substrate 1 is made of 4H—SiC
- the semiconductor layer 102 is formed with the (0001) Si surface as the main surface.
- the semiconductor layer 102 may be formed on the (000-1) C plane
- the drain electrode 9 may be formed on the (0001) Si plane.
- the plane orientation of the main surface may be another crystal plane, and an arbitrary off-cut surface of the Si plane or the C plane may be the main plane of the substrate.
- the present invention can be applied to a semiconductor device using another wide band gap semiconductor such as gallium nitride (GaN) or diamond in addition to the SiC substrate.
- GaN gallium nitride
- the configuration of the present disclosure can also be applied to a semiconductor device using silicon.
- the interlayer insulating film 13 hardly penetrates below the gate insulating film 11, and the cavity is formed near the end portion of the gate insulating film 11 that extends around the trench 12. This is a desirable configuration for reducing the capacitance between the gate insulating film 11 and the source region 4.
- the interlayer insulating film 13 may enter the position below the gate electrode 8 and closer to the trench 12. Also in this case, the capacitance between the gate and the semiconductor layer is reduced as compared with the configuration in which the gate electrode 8 is in contact with the gate insulating film 11 around the trench 12.
- the semiconductor device and the manufacturing method thereof of the present disclosure are useful as various semiconductor devices including a power device and the manufacturing method thereof.
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Abstract
Description
-半導体装置の構造-
以下に、具体例を挙げて本開示の一実施形態における例示的半導体装置100及びその製造方法について説明する。尚、本明細書中では「トレンチの幅方向」を、例えば図1での左右方向として説明するが、t1、t2、t3、w1、w2同士の大小関係は、図1での上下方向又は斜め方向についても同様である。以下では、トレンチの平面形状が長方形状の例を挙げて説明しているが、トレンチの平面形状はこれに限定されず、例えば正方形であっても良いし、更に他の形状であっても良い。
次に、半導体装置100の製造方法について、図3(a)~(c)、図4(a)~(c)及び図5(a)~(b)を参照して説明する。
次に、本実施形態の変形例1について説明する。図6(a)は、変形例の半導体装置におけるユニットセル100Uについて、トレンチの幅方向の断面を模式的に示す図であり、図6(b)は、図6(a)の一部を拡大して示す図である。ここで、図2(a)及び(b)と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を付しており、以下には図2(a)及び(b)のユニットセル100Uとの相違点を主に説明する。
次に、本実施形態の変形例2について説明する。図7は、変形例の半導体装置におけるユニットセル100Uについて、トレンチの幅方向の断面を模式的に示す図である。ここで、図2(a)及び(b)と同じ構成要素については同じ符号を付しており、以下には図2(a)及び(b)のユニットセル100Uとの相違点を主に説明する。
2 ドリフト領域
3 ボディ領域
3a チャネル形成領域
4 ソース領域
8 ゲート電極
9 ドレイン電極
10 ソース電極
11 ゲート絶縁膜
12 トレンチ
13 層間絶縁膜
24 レジスト層
50 空洞
55 絶縁膜
55a 絶縁膜
70 チャネル層
100 半導体装置
100U ユニットセル
102 半導体層
Claims (15)
- 主面に半導体層を有する基板と、
前記半導体層に設けられたトレンチと、
前記トレンチの周囲の前記半導体層上、並びに前記トレンチの底部及び側面を覆うゲート絶縁膜と、
前記トレンチを埋め込む部分及び前記トレンチの周囲に広がる部分を有し、前記ゲート絶縁膜上に設けられたゲート電極と、
前記ゲート電極上を覆う層間絶縁膜と、
前記トレンチの周囲及び上部周縁部であり且つ前記ゲート電極と前記ゲート絶縁膜とに挟まれた領域に設けられた空洞とを備え、
前記トレンチの上方において、前記空洞の一部は、前記ゲート絶縁膜のうち前記トレンチの側面を平坦な形状で覆う部分の上面の延長面から前記トレンチの内側に向かってはみ出している、半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記トレンチの側壁の上端部は丸みを帯びた形状を有し、
前記ゲート絶縁膜のうち、前記トレンチの側壁の前記上端部を覆う部分は、丸みを帯びた形状を有し、
前記空洞は、前記ゲート絶縁膜の前記丸みを帯びた形状の部分の全体を覆うように形成されている、半導体装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
前記半導体層の主面の高さであって前記トレンチの幅方向における、前記トレンチの側面の延長面から前記ゲート電極までの寸法は、前記ゲート絶縁膜のうち前記トレンチの側面を平坦な形状で覆う部分の前記トレンチの幅方向の寸法よりも大きい、半導体装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1つにおいて、
前記半導体層は、第1導電型のドリフト領域と、前記ドリフト領域上に配置された第2導電型のボディ領域と、前記ボディ領域の上部に配置された第1導電型の不純物領域とを有し、
前記トレンチは、前記不純物領域及び前記ボディ領域を貫通し、前記ドリフト領域の内部にまで達しており、
前記ゲート絶縁膜における前記トレンチの底部上に形成された部分の上面は、前記ボディ領域の下面よりも下側である、半導体装置。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1つにおいて、
前記ゲート電極は、前記トレンチを埋め込む部分と前記トレンチの周囲に広がる部分との間に設けられ、前記トレンチの幅方向においてくびれた形状を有する接続部分を更に有している、半導体装置。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1つにおいて、
少なくとも前記トレンチの側面と前記ゲート絶縁膜との間に配置された第1導電型のチャネル層を更に備えている、半導体装置。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1つにおいて、
前記半導体層は炭化珪素により構成される、半導体装置。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1つにおいて、
前記基板は炭化珪素基板であり、前記基板の主面及び前記半導体層の主面はシリコン面である、半導体装置。 - 主面に半導体層を有する基板を準備する工程(a)と、
前記半導体層にトレンチを形成する工程(b)と、
前記トレンチの周囲の前記半導体層上、並びに前記トレンチの底部及び側面を覆うゲート絶縁膜を形成する工程(c)と、
前記ゲート絶縁膜上に、プラズマ化学気相成長法によって絶縁膜を形成する工程(d)と、
前記ゲート絶縁膜上及び前記絶縁膜上に、前記トレンチを埋め込む部分及び前記トレンチの周囲に広がる部分を有するゲート電極を形成する工程(e)と、
前記絶縁膜を除去する工程(f)と、
前記ゲート電極上を覆う層間絶縁膜を形成する工程(g)とを備え、
前記工程(f)において前記絶縁膜が除去されることにより、前記トレンチの周囲及び上部周縁部であり且つ前記ゲート電極の下方である領域に空洞が設けられ、
前記トレンチの上方において、前記空洞の少なくとも一部が、前記ゲート電極のうち前記トレンチの側面を平坦な形状で覆う部分の上面の延長面から前記トレンチの内側に向かってはみ出している、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項9において、
前記半導体層の主面の高さであって前記トレンチの幅方向における、前記トレンチの側面の延長面から前記ゲート電極までの寸法は、前記トレンチの側面を平坦な形状で覆う部分における前記ゲート絶縁膜の前記トレンチの幅方向の寸法よりも大きい、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項9又は10において、
前記工程(a)は、第1導電型のドリフト領域と、前記ドリフト領域上に設けられた第2導電型のボディ領域と、前記ボディ領域上に設けられた第1導電型の不純物領域とを有する前記半導体層を形成する工程を含み、
前記工程(b)において、前記不純物領域及び前記ボディ領域を貫通し、前記ドリフト領域の内部にまで達するように前記トレンチを形成し、
前記工程(c)において、前記トレンチの底部上に形成された部分の前記ゲート絶縁膜の上面が、前記ボディ領域の下面よりも下側となるように前記ゲート絶縁膜を形成する、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項9~11のいずれか1つにおいて、
前記工程(f)では、等方性エッチングにより前記絶縁膜を除去する、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項9~12のいずれか1つにおいて、
前記工程(b)と前記工程(c)との間に、少なくとも前記トレンチの側面を覆うように第1導電型のチャネル層を形成する工程をさらに備え、
前記工程(c)において、前記チャネル層を覆うように前記ゲート絶縁膜を形成する半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項9~13のいずれか1つにおいて、
前記半導体層は炭化珪素により構成される、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項9~14のいずれか1つにおいて、
前記基板は炭化珪素基板であり、
前記基板の主面及び前記半導体層の主面はシリコン面である、半導体装置の製造方法。
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