WO2013042367A1 - 繊維用集束剤組成物 - Google Patents
繊維用集束剤組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013042367A1 WO2013042367A1 PCT/JP2012/005983 JP2012005983W WO2013042367A1 WO 2013042367 A1 WO2013042367 A1 WO 2013042367A1 JP 2012005983 W JP2012005983 W JP 2012005983W WO 2013042367 A1 WO2013042367 A1 WO 2013042367A1
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- sizing agent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
- D06M15/572—Reaction products of isocyanates with polyesters or polyesteramides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
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- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/188—Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
- D06M13/2243—Mono-, di-, or triglycerides
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
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- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
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- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/507—Polyesters
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- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/53—Polyethers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08J2363/02—Polyglycidyl ethers of bis-phenols
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/34—Polyamides
- D06M2101/36—Aromatic polyamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sizing agent for fibers. More particularly, the present invention relates to a sizing agent for fibers used in fiber reinforced composite materials.
- Composite materials of various fibers and matrix resins such as unsaturated polyester resins, phenol resins, epoxy resins, and polypropylene resins and various fibers are widely used in the fields of building materials, sports equipment, leisure goods, aircrafts, and the like.
- fibers used in these composite materials include carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, ceramic fibers, metal fibers, mineral fibers, slug fibers, and the like. These fibers are used to suppress yarn breakage and fluff.
- a bundle (fiber bundle) treated with a sizing agent or the like is used. This fiber bundle is subjected to a step of expanding the width of the bundle before being combined with the matrix resin.
- the impregnation property of the matrix resin is increased, and a thin and high-quality prepreg can be produced.
- the fiber bundle is required to have a good bundling property and a good spreadability (a wider fiber bundle width has a better spreadability), and these properties are controlled by the performance of the bundling agent. .
- convergence and spreadability are inherently contradictory and it is difficult to achieve both at a high level.
- Patent Document 1 an attempt is made to use a water-soluble vinyl copolymer composed of a specific monomer as a sizing agent.
- Patent Document 2 an attempt is made to use a sizing agent in which a specific ester compound and an epoxy resin are combined in order to provide sufficient spreadability.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fiber sizing agent that can impart sufficient sizing properties and spreadability to a reinforcing fiber bundle for producing a fiber reinforced composite material.
- the present invention includes a sizing agent composition (E) for fibers containing a sizing agent (A) having a viscosity at 35 ° C.
- a sizing agent aqueous solution (S) for fibers obtained by dissolving or dispersing a sizing agent composition (E) in an aqueous medium; various fiber sizing agents composition (E) or sizing agent aqueous solution for fibers (S) ); A composite intermediate composed of the fiber bundle and a matrix resin; and a fiber-reinforced composite material formed by molding the composite intermediate.
- the fiber bundle treated with the fiber sizing agent composition of the present invention has good sizing properties and spreadability, it has no fuzz or yarn cracking, excellent impregnation properties, and high quality.
- the fiber sizing agent composition (E) of the present invention contains a sizing agent (A) having a viscosity of 50 to 3,000 Pa ⁇ s at 35 ° C.
- a sizing agent (A) having a viscosity of 50 to 3,000 Pa ⁇ s at 35 ° C. When the viscosity of (A) at 35 ° C. is lower than 50 Pa ⁇ s, the focusing property of (E) becomes insufficient. When the viscosity of (A) at 35 ° C. is higher than 3,000 Pa ⁇ s, the opening property of (E) becomes insufficient.
- the viscosity of (A) at 35 ° C. is preferably 100 to 2,000 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 200 to 1,500 Pa ⁇ s. The viscosity at 35 ° C.
- (A) is measured by reading the viscosity after 20 minutes from the start of measurement at a rotation speed of 0.3 rpm using a Brookfield BH viscometer.
- a Brookfield BH viscometer For the rotor, an appropriate combination is selected from the measurement upper limit table attached to the apparatus, and the reading is measured in the range of 30 to 70.
- Examples of the sizing agent (A) include epoxy resins, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, polyether resins, vinyl ester resins, and mixed resins thereof.
- Epoxy resins include bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolac type epoxy resin, glycidyl ester type epoxy resin, glycidyl amine type epoxy resin, polyalkylene glycol Epoxidized epoxy resin, polyurethane-based epoxy resin, glycidylated aliphatic alcohol, and the like.
- polyester resin examples include linear polyester composed of a diol and a dibasic acid, a lactone ring-opening polymer, and polyhydroxycarboxylic acid.
- Diols are dihydric alcohols having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, neopentyl glycol, and aliphatic alkanediols obtained by adding alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms to these diols.
- alkylene oxide adducts of primary alkylamines such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, octylamine and dodecylamine, and alkylene oxide adducts of aromatic ring-containing dihydric phenols such as bisphenol A, bisphenol S, and cresol.
- Diols may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the dibasic acid include dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, such as saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 24 carbon atoms (oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, etc.
- Unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having 2 to 24 carbon atoms maleic acid, fumaric acid, etc.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 24 carbon atoms
- phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, etc. phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, etc.
- dicarboxylic anhydrides such as maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride
- Lactone ring-opening polymers include lactones such as monolactones having 3 to 12 carbon atoms (one ester group in the ring) ( ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, etc.) And the like obtained by ring-opening polymerization using a catalyst such as a metal oxide and an organometallic compound.
- lactones such as monolactones having 3 to 12 carbon atoms (one ester group in the ring) ( ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, etc.)
- a catalyst such as a metal oxide and an organometallic compound.
- the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid include those obtained by dehydration condensation of hydroxycarboxylic acid (such as glycolic acid and lactic acid).
- polyurethane resin examples include those derived from a polymer polyol, an organic diisocyanate, and, if necessary, a chain extender and / or a crosslinking agent.
- polymer polyol examples include polyester polyols (for example, polyethylene adipate diol, polybutylene adipate diol, polyethylene butylene adipate diol, polyneopentyl adipate diol, polyneopentyl terephthalate diol, polycaprolactone diol, polyvalerolactone diol, and polyhexamethylene carbonate. Diols, etc.); polyether polyols [polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylene oxypropylene glycol, polyoxytetramethylene glycol, bisphenol alkylene oxide adducts of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, etc.] It is done.
- polyester polyols for example, polyethylene adipate diol, polybutylene adipate diol, polyethylene butylene adipate diol, polyneopentyl adipate diol, polyneopenty
- organic diisocyanate examples include 2,4′- or 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 2,4- or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), and 4,4′-dibenzyl diisocyanate.
- MDI 2,4′- or 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- TDI 2,4- or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate
- 4,4′-dibenzyl diisocyanate examples include 2,4′- or 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 2,4- or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), and 4,4′-dibenzyl diisocyanate.
- 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate and other aromatic diisocyanates; ethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), lysine diisocyanate and other aliphatic diisocyanates; isophorone And alicyclic diisocyanates such as diisocyanate (IPDI) and 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate; and mixtures of two or more thereof.
- HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
- IPDI diisocyanate
- 4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate
- polyether resin examples include polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylene oxypropylene glycol, polyoxytetramethylene glycol, and alkylene oxide adducts having 2 to 4 carbon atoms of bisphenols.
- vinyl ester resin examples include esters of the above epoxy resin with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
- epoxy resins preferred are epoxy resins, polyester resins, and vinyl ester resins, and more preferred are bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol F type epoxy resins, bisphenol S type epoxy resins, and polyalkylene glycols.
- the fiber sizing agent composition (E) of the present invention has a thixotropic index (hereinafter abbreviated as TI value) of 3 to 15.
- the TI value of (E) is a numerical value calculated from the following calculation formula (1).
- TI value of (E) (E0.3 rpm) / (E3 rpm) (1)
- E3 rpm Viscosity at 35 ° C. of (E) (measured with a Brookfield BH viscometer at 3 rpm)
- the TI value of (E) reads a numerical value after 20 minutes from the start of measurement. For the rotor, an appropriate combination is selected from the measurement upper limit table attached to the apparatus, and the reading is measured in the range of 30 to 70.
- the TI value of (E) is less than 3, the convergence property and the fiber opening property are not compatible, which is not preferable.
- the TI value of (E) exceeds 15, gelation occurs and the convergence is deteriorated, which is not preferable.
- the TI value of (E) is preferably 3 to 10, more preferably 3.5 to 7.
- the method for setting the TI value of (E) to 3 to 15 is not particularly limited. However, when the thixotropic agent (B) is contained in (E), the TI value of (E) is set to the range of 3 to 15. It is preferable because it is easy to adjust.
- the thixotropic agent (B) include fatty acid amides, fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts, oxidized polyolefins, and mixtures thereof.
- the fatty acid amide examples include an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid amide, an N-substituted aliphatic monocarboxylic acid amide, an aliphatic biscarboxylic acid amide, and an N-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid bisamide.
- Specific examples of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid amide include lauric acid amide, palmitic acid amide, oleic acid amide, stearic acid amide, erucic acid amide, behenic acid amide, ricinoleic acid amide and hydroxystearic acid amide. .
- N-substituted aliphatic monocarboxylic acid amide examples include N-oleyl palmitic acid amide, N-oleyl oleic acid amide, N-oleyl stearic acid amide, N-stearyl oleic acid amide, N-stearyl stearic acid amide, N-stearyl erucic acid amide, methylol stearic acid amide, methylol behenic acid amide and the like can be mentioned.
- aliphatic biscarboxylic acid amide examples include ethylene bis stearic acid amide, ethylene bis lauric acid amide, ethylene bis capric acid amide, ethylene bis oleic acid amide, ethylene bis erucic acid amide, ethylene bis behenic acid amide, ethylene Bisisostearic acid amide, ethylene bishydroxystearic acid amide, butylene bisstearic acid amide, hexamethylene bisoleic acid amide, hexamethylene bisstearic acid amide, hexamethylene bisbehenic acid amide, hexamethylene bishydroxystearic acid amide, etc. Can be mentioned.
- N-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid bisamides include N, N′-dioleyl sebacic acid bisamide, N, N′-dioleyl adipic acid bisamide, N, N′-distearyl adipic acid bisamide and N, N Examples include '-distearyl sebacic acid bisamide.
- Fatty acid esters having 19 to 60 carbon atoms such as polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid esters, specifically hydrogenated castor oil, esters of glycerin and stearic acid, esters of glycerin and oleic acid, sorbitan and stearin Examples include esters with acids, esters of sorbitan and oleic acid, and the like.
- fatty acid salts include salts of fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, barium, and aluminum.
- Examples of the fatty acid having 12 to 22 carbon atoms include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid. An acid etc. are mentioned.
- oxidized polyolefin examples include those obtained by oxidizing a polymer comprising one or more monomers selected from ethylene, propylene, 1-butene and 1-pentene with oxygen, or those obtained by acid grafting, and having an acid value of 1 to 85 mgKOH. / G and a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 4,500. Specific examples are described in paragraph Nos. 0019 to 0027 of JP-A-2008-266448.
- (B) is preferably a fatty acid amide, more preferably an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid amide, and most preferably lauric acid amide, palmitic acid amide, oleic acid amide and stearic acid amide.
- a surfactant (C) and other additives (D) may be used in combination, if necessary.
- surfactant (C) examples include known surfactants such as nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants. Two or more of these may be used in combination.
- anionic surfactant examples include carboxylic acids (saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms) or salts thereof (salts such as sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkanolamine), aliphatic alcohols having 8 to 16 carbon atoms.
- a carboxymethylated salt of an aliphatic alcohol ether carboxylic acid having 8 to 24 carbon atoms for example, carboxy of an alkylene oxide 1 to 10 mol adduct of an aliphatic alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms) Methylated compounds, etc.
- sulfate esters higher alcohol sulfate esters (sulfate esters of fatty acid alcohols having 8 to 18 carbon atoms)]
- higher alkyl ether sulfate esters [ethylene oxide of fatty acid alcohols of 8 to 18 carbon atoms ( 1 to 10 mol) adduct sulfate ester salt]
- sulfated oil naturally unsaturation
- sulfated fatty acid ester sulfurized and neutralized lower alcohol ester of unsaturated fatty acid
- sulfated olefin ole
- cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium salt types [stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, ethyl lanolin sulfate fatty acid aminopropylethyl dimethyl ammonium, etc.], amine salt types [stearin Acid diethylaminoethylamide lactate, dilaurylamine hydrochloride, oleylamine lactate, etc.].
- amphoteric surfactants include betaine-type amphoteric surfactants [coconut oil fatty acid amidopropyldimethylbetaine, lauryldimethylbetaine, 2-alkyl-N-carboxymethyl-N-hydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine, laurylhydroxysulfobetaine. And lauroylamidoethyl hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl betaine hydroxypropyl sodium phosphate, etc.], and amino acid type amphoteric surfactants [sodium ⁇ -laurylaminopropionate, etc.].
- anionic surfactants anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and mixtures of anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants are preferred, and alkylene oxide adducts of alkylphenols, aryls are more preferred.
- Alkylene oxide alkylene oxide adduct alkylphenol alkylene oxide adduct sulfate, arylalkylphenol alkylene oxide adduct sulfate, and mixtures thereof, particularly preferred are arylalkylphenol alkylene oxides (ethylene oxide and Propylene oxide) adducts and sulfates of alkylene oxides (ethylene oxide and propylene oxide) adducts of arylalkylphenols and these It is a mixture.
- Examples of the other additive (D) include a smoothing agent, a preservative, and an antioxidant.
- Examples of the smoothing agent include liquid paraffin.
- Examples of the preservative include benzoic acids, salicylic acids and sorbic acids.
- Antioxidants include phenols (2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, etc.), thiodipropionates (dilauryl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, etc.) and phosphites (tri Phenyl phosphite and the like).
- the content of (A) in the fiber sizing agent composition (E) of the present invention is preferably from 50 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 70 to 97% by weight, particularly from the weight of (E). Preferably, it is 85 to 95% by weight. When the content of (A) is 50% by weight or more, the opening property is sufficient, which is preferable.
- the content of (B) in the sizing agent composition for fibers (E) of the present invention is preferably 0 to 50% by weight, more preferably 3 to 30% by weight, particularly with respect to the weight of (E). Preferably, it is 5 to 15% by weight. When the content of (B) is 3% by weight or more, the effect of addition is obtained, and the convergence and the spreadability are compatible.
- the content of (B) is 50% by weight or less, the viscosity of (E) is appropriate, and the openability is sufficient.
- the content of (C) is preferably 0 to 40% by weight, more preferably 1 to 25% by weight, particularly with respect to the weight of (E). Preferably, it is 5 to 20% by weight.
- the content of (D) in the fiber sizing agent composition (E) of the present invention is preferably 0 to 60% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of (E). Particularly preferred is 0.5 to 40% by weight.
- a sizing agent (A) if necessary, a thixotropic agent (B), surfactant (C) is added to a mixing container.
- the other additive (D) may be added without any particular limitation to the order of addition, and the mixture is preferably stirred at 20 to 90 ° C., more preferably 40 to 90 ° C. until uniform.
- the fiber sizing agent aqueous liquid (S) of the present invention is formed by dissolving or dispersing the fiber sizing agent composition (E) of the present invention in an aqueous medium.
- dissolving or dispersing (E) in an aqueous medium it becomes easy to adjust the amount of (E) attached to the fiber bundle to easily control the convergence and spreadability.
- aqueous medium examples include known aqueous media such as water and hydrophilic organic solvents [lower alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol), ketones having 3 to 6 carbon atoms (acetone, ethyl methyl ketone and Methyl isobutyl ketone, etc.), glycols having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, etc.) and their monoalkyl (1 to 2 carbon atoms) ethers, dimethylformamide, and acetic acid having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
- hydrophilic organic solvents lower alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol), ketones having 3 to 6 carbon atoms (acetone, ethyl methyl ketone and Methyl isobutyl ketone, etc.), glycols having 2 to 6 carbon atoms
- Alkyl esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate
- Two or more of these may be used in combination.
- water and a mixed solvent of a hydrophilic organic solvent and water are preferable from the viewpoint of safety and the like, and water is more preferable.
- the aqueous fiber sizing agent liquid (S) of the present invention preferably has a high concentration during distribution and a low concentration during the production of fiber bundles from the viewpoint of cost and the like. That is, by distributing at a high concentration, the transportation cost and storage cost can be reduced, and by processing the fiber at a low concentration, it is possible to produce a fiber bundle that has both excellent convergence and spreadability.
- the concentration when (S) is high (content ratio of components other than the aqueous medium) is preferably 30 to 80% by weight, more preferably 40 to 70% by weight from the viewpoint of storage stability and the like. .
- the concentration when (S) is low is preferably from 0.5 to 15% by weight, more preferably from the viewpoint that the adhesion amount of (E) can be adjusted to an appropriate amount during the production of the fiber bundle. 1 to 10% by weight.
- an aqueous medium is thrown into the fiber sizing agent composition (E) of this invention obtained by said method.
- (E) may be dissolved or emulsified and dispersed in an aqueous medium.
- the temperature at which (E) is dissolved or emulsified and dispersed in an aqueous medium is preferably 20 to 90 ° C., more preferably 40 to 90 ° C., from the viewpoint of easy mixing.
- the time for dissolving or emulsifying (E) in the aqueous medium is preferably 1 to 20 hours, more preferably 2 to 10 hours.
- stirring blades blade shape: chi-shaped and three
- Casokawa Micron Co., Ltd. a mixer
- ribbon mixer a mixer
- conical blender a blender
- mortar mixer a mixer
- universal mixer ⁇ universal mixing stirrer "5DM-L” a mixer
- Hen Ciel mixer a mixer that can be used.
- Examples of the fiber to which the fiber sizing agent composition (E) or fiber sizing agent aqueous liquid (S) of the present invention can be applied include known fibers such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, ceramic fiber, metal fiber, mineral fiber, and slug fiber. Examples include inorganic fibers (such as those described in WO2003 / 47830 pamphlet) and organic fibers such as aramid fibers, and carbon fibers are preferred from the viewpoint of the strength of the molded body. Two or more of these fibers may be used in combination.
- the fiber bundle of the present invention is a fiber bundle in which about 3,000 to 30,000 fibers are bundled, and at least one fiber selected from the group consisting of these fibers is used as the fiber sizing agent composition ( E) or a fiber sizing agent aqueous solution (S).
- the fiber processing method examples include a spray method or a dipping method.
- the adhesion amount of the fiber sizing agent composition (E) on the fiber is preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 2.5% by weight, based on the weight of the fiber. Within this range, the convergence and spreadability are excellent.
- the composite intermediate of the present invention comprises a fiber bundle treated with the fiber sizing agent composition (E) or the fiber sizing agent aqueous solution (S) of the present invention as described above, or the fiber product and a matrix resin.
- a catalyst may be contained. When the catalyst is contained, the strength of the molded body is further improved.
- the matrix resin include thermoplastic resins such as polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide, and thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, and phenol resins.
- thermosetting resins preferred are thermosetting resins, and more preferred are epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and vinyl ester resins.
- epoxy resins preferred are epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and vinyl ester resins.
- the catalyst for epoxy resin include known epoxy resin curing agents and curing accelerators (such as those described in JP-A-2005-213337).
- peroxides (benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, etc.), methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, 1,1-di (t-butyl peroxy) ) Butane, di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, etc.) and azo compounds (azobisisovaleronitrile, etc.).
- the weight ratio of the matrix resin to the fiber bundle is preferably 10/90 to 90/10, more preferably 20/80 to 70/30, particularly from the viewpoint of the strength of the molded article. Preferably, it is 30/70 to 60/40.
- the content of the catalyst is preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from the viewpoint of the strength of the molded body. Is 1 to 3% by weight.
- the composite intermediate is a fiber bundle or fiber made of a matrix resin that has been melted by heat (melting temperature: 60 to 150 ° C.) or a matrix resin that has been diluted with a solvent (such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, xylene, and ethyl acetate). It can be manufactured by impregnating the product. When a solvent is used, it is preferable to dry the prepreg to remove the solvent.
- a solvent such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, xylene, and ethyl acetate.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is obtained by molding the composite intermediate.
- the matrix resin is a thermoplastic resin
- the prepreg can be formed by heating and solidifying at room temperature.
- the matrix resin is a thermosetting resin
- the prepreg can be formed by heating and curing. Curing need not be completed, but it is preferable that the molded body is cured to such an extent that the shape can be maintained. After molding, it may be further heated to be completely cured.
- the method of heat forming is not particularly limited.
- a filament winding forming method (a method in which a rotating mandrel is wound while being tensioned and heat forming), a press forming method (a method in which prepreg sheets are laminated and heat forming), an autoclave method (Method of heat-pressing a prepreg sheet by applying pressure to the mold) and a method of injection-molding by mixing chopped fiber or milled fiber with a matrix resin.
- compositions of the sizing agent (A), thixotropic agent (B), and surfactant (C) used in the following examples are as follows.
- Thixotropic agent B
- Higher fatty acid amide B1: “Stearic acid amide”
- Fatty acid ester B2: “Hardened castor oil A” [manufactured by Ito Oil Co., Ltd.]
- Fatty acid salt B3): “Lithium stearate” [manufactured by Kawamura Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.]
- Polyethylene oxide B4): “Sun Wax E-310” [Acid Value 15 mg KOH / g, Mw: 2,000, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.]
- Surfactant C
- Nonionic surfactant C1: 20 moles of ethylene oxide added to 1 mole of styrenated phenol
- TI thixotropy index
- Example 1 Charge 600 parts by weight of epoxy resin (A1), 200 parts by weight of higher fatty acid amide (B1), and 200 parts by weight of surfactant (C1) to a universal mixer [manufactured by Sanei Seisakusho Co., Ltd.] for 30 minutes at 130 ° C. After uniform mixing, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C. to obtain a fiber sizing agent composition (E1). Next, 1,500 parts by weight of water was added dropwise to (E1) over 6 hours to obtain 2,500 parts by weight of a fiber sizing agent aqueous liquid (S-1) having a nonvolatile component concentration of 40% by weight. The viscosity of (A1) at 35 ° C. was 55 Pa ⁇ s.
- Example 2 650 parts by weight of polyester resin (A2), 50 parts by weight of fatty acid ester (B2), 50 parts by weight of polyether resin (A4), 200 parts by weight of surfactant (C1) [all manufactured by Sanei Seisakusho Co., Ltd.] And uniformly mixed at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes. Further, 1,450 parts by weight of water was dropped over 6 hours, 100 parts by weight of polyurethane emulsion (A3) was added thereto, and the aqueous fiber sizing agent liquid (S-2) 2 having a nonvolatile component concentration of 42% by weight was added. 500 parts by weight were obtained. The viscosity at 35 ° C. of the component (A) [nonvolatile component of the mixture of the above (A2), (A4), (A3)] was 700 Pa ⁇ s.
- Example 3 700 parts by weight of vinyl ester resin (A5), 100 parts by weight of fatty acid salt (B3), and 200 parts by weight of surfactant (C1) were put into a universal mixer [manufactured by Sanei Seisakusho Co., Ltd.] for 30 minutes at 80 ° C. After uniform mixing, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C. to obtain a fiber sizing agent composition (E3). Next, 1,500 parts by weight of water was added dropwise to (E3) over 6 hours to obtain 2,500 parts by weight of a fiber sizing agent aqueous liquid (S-3) having a nonvolatile component concentration of 40% by weight. The viscosity of (A5) at 35 ° C. was 2,800 Pa ⁇ s.
- Example 4 200 parts by weight of epoxy resin (A1), 400 parts by weight of polyethylene oxide (B4), 200 parts by weight of polyester resin (A2), 200 parts by weight of surfactant (C1), universal mixer [manufactured by Sanei Seisakusho Co., Ltd.] The mixture was uniformly mixed at 130 ° C. for 30 minutes and then cooled to 50 ° C. to obtain a fiber sizing agent composition (E4). Subsequently, 1,500 parts by weight of water was added dropwise to (E4) over 6 hours to obtain 2,500 parts by weight of a fiber sizing agent aqueous solution (S-4) having a nonvolatile component concentration of 40% by weight. The viscosity at 35 ° C. of the component (A) [mixture of the above (A1) and (A2)] was 200 Pa ⁇ s.
- Example 5 850 parts by weight of polyester resin (A2) and 150 parts by weight of higher fatty acid amide (B1) are put into a universal mixer [manufactured by Sanei Seisakusho Co., Ltd.], uniformly mixed at 130 ° C for 30 minutes, and then cooled to 50 ° C. A sizing agent composition for fibers (E5) was obtained. Next, 1,500 parts by weight of water was added dropwise to (E5) over 6 hours to obtain 2,500 parts by weight of a fiber sizing agent aqueous solution (S-5) having a nonvolatile component concentration of 40% by weight. The viscosity of (A2) at 35 ° C. was 600 Pa ⁇ s.
- a universal mixer [manufactured by Sanei Seisakusho Co., Ltd.] 300 parts by weight of epoxy resin (A1), 500 parts by weight of polyester resin (A2), 50 parts by weight of higher fatty acid amide (B1) and 150 parts by weight of surfactant (C1) The mixture was uniformly mixed at 130 ° C. for 30 minutes and then cooled to 50 ° C. to obtain a fiber sizing agent composition (E6). Next, 1,500 parts by weight of water was added dropwise to (E6) over 6 hours to obtain 2500 parts by weight of a fiber sizing agent aqueous solution (S-6) having a nonvolatile component concentration of 40% by weight.
- S′1 fiber sizing agent aqueous solution
- the viscosity at 35 ° C. of the component (A) [non-volatile components of (A4) and (A3)) was 40 Pa ⁇ s.
- the carbon fiber bundle obtained by the above method is aligned in one direction and put into a mold (10 cm long ⁇ 10 cm wide, 2 mm thick frame), and there is a matrix resin [bisphenol A type epoxy resin “JER828”] 100 parts by weight and 3 parts by weight of BF 3 monoethylamine salt] were added and impregnated under reduced pressure (0.0065 MPa). At this time, the amount of the carbon fiber bundle was adjusted so that the volume content of the carbon fiber bundle was 60%. Subsequently, it was cured at 150 ° C. under pressure (0.49 MPa) for 1 hour, further lowered to 140 ° C., and cured under pressure (0.49 MPa) for 4 hours.
- the fiber bundle obtained by treating with the fiber sizing agent composition (E) of the present invention is excellent in both sizing properties and spreadability.
- the quality index is shown in Table 1. This is the product of the numerical value of convergence and spreadability, and if this value is higher than 100, it indicates that both convergence and spreadability are excellent.
- the numerical value of this index was less than 100 in the conventional fiber sizing agent composition.
- the fiber bundles obtained by the treatment with the fiber sizing agent composition (E) of the present invention all exceed 120, indicating that the fiber sizing agent composition is an excellent fiber sizing agent composition.
- a fiber reinforced composite material formed by molding a composite intermediate obtained from the fiber bundle and matrix resin of the present invention is suitable as various civil engineering / building materials, materials for transport equipment, sports equipment materials, power generator materials, etc. Can be used.
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Abstract
Description
この繊維束は、マトリックス樹脂と組み合わせる前に束の幅を広げる工程を行う。これにより、マトリックス樹脂の含浸性が増し、薄く品位の高いプリプレグを作ることができる。このように繊維束は、集束性が良く、かつ開繊性(繊維束幅の広いものほど開繊性が良い)が良いものが求められ、集束剤の性能によって、これらの特性がコントロールされる。しかしながら、集束性と開繊性は本来相反するものであり、高いレベルで両立することは難しい。
特許文献1には、特定のモノマーからなる水溶性ビニル共重合体を集束剤として使用する試みが為されている。
特許文献2の方法は開繊性が良好となるが、集束剤の粘度が低すぎるため、十分な集束性が発現しない。
このように、従来の集束剤には、集束性と含浸性を両立できるものはなかった。
本発明の目的は、繊維強化複合材料を作成するための強化繊維束に十分な集束性と開繊性を付与することのできる繊維用集束剤を提供することである。
すなわち、本発明は、35℃での粘度が50~3,000Pa・sである集束剤(A)を含有し、チクソトロピーインデックスが3~15である繊維用集束剤組成物(E);前記繊維用集束剤組成物(E)を水性媒体に溶解又は分散してなる繊維用集束剤水性液(S);各種繊維を前記繊維用集束剤組成物(E)又は繊維用集束剤水性液(S)で処理して得られる繊維束;前記繊維束とマトリックス樹脂からなる複合中間体;及び前記複合中間体を成形してなる繊維強化複合材料;である。
(A)の35℃での粘度が50Pa・sより低いと、(E)の集束性が不十分となる。(A)の35℃での粘度が3,000Pa・sより高いと(E)の開繊性が不十分となる。
35℃における(A)の粘度は、好ましくは100~2,000Pa・sであり、更に好ましくは200~1,500Pa・sである。
(A)の35℃での粘度は、ブルックフィールドBH型粘度計を使用して、回転数0.3rpmで測定開始から20分間経過後の粘度を読み取って測定する。ローターについては、装置に付属している測定上限値表から適当な組み合わせを選択し、示度が30~70の範囲で測定する。
ジオールとしては、炭素数2~30の2価アルコールであり、例えば、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、及びこれらジオールに炭素数2~4のアルキレンオキサイドを付加した脂肪族アルカンジオール、メチルアミン、エチルアミン、プロピルアミン、オクチルアミン、ドデシルアミン等の1級アルキルアミンのアルキレンオキサイド付加物、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールS、クレゾール等の芳香環含有2価フェノールのアルキレンオキサイド付加物等が挙げられる。ジオールはこれらを単独で使用しても2種以上を併用してもよい。
二塩基酸としては、炭素数2~24のジカルボン酸が挙げられ、具体的には、炭素数2~24の飽和脂肪族ジカルボン酸(シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、アジピン酸及びセバシン酸等)、炭素数2~24の不飽和脂肪族カルボン酸(マレイン酸及びフマル酸等)、炭素数2~24の芳香族ジカルボン酸(フタル酸、テレフタル酸及びイソフタル酸等)及び炭素数2~24のジカルボン酸無水物(無水マレイン酸及び無水フタル酸等)等が挙げられる。
ラクトン開環重合物としては、炭素数3~12のモノラクトン(環中のエステル基数1個)等のラクトン類(β-プロピオラクトン、γ-ブチロラクトン、δ-バレロラクトン及びε-カプロラクトン等)を、金属酸化物及び有機金属化合物等の触媒を用いて、開環重合させて得られたもの等が挙げられる。
ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸としては、ヒドロキシカルボン酸(グリコール酸及び乳酸等)を脱水縮合させて得られたものが挙げられる。
(E)のTI値=(E0.3rpm)/(E3rpm) (1)
(E0.3rpm):(E)の35℃における粘度(ブルックフィールドBH型粘度計で回転数0.3rpmで測定)
(E3rpm):(E)の35℃における粘度(ブルックフィールドBH型粘度計で回転数3rpmで測定)
なお、(E)の35℃における粘度は、測定開始から20分間経過後の数値を読み取る。
ローターについては、装置に付属している測定上限値表から適当な組み合わせを選択し、示度が30~70の範囲で測定する。
(E)のTI値が3未満であると、集束性と開繊性が両立しないため好ましくない。(E)のTI値が15を超えると、ゲル状になり集束性が悪化するため好ましくない。
(E)のTI値は、好ましくは3~10であり、更に好ましくは3.5~7である。
揺変付与剤(B)としては、脂肪酸アミド、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪酸塩、酸化ポリオレフィン及びこれらの混合物等が挙げられる。
脂肪族モノカルボン酸アミドの具体例としては、ラウリン酸アミド、パルミチン酸アミド、オレイン酸アミド、ステアリン酸アミド、エルカ酸アミド、べへニン酸アミド、リシノール酸アミド及びヒドロキシステアリン酸アミド等が挙げられる。
両性界面活性剤としては、例えば、ベタイン型両性界面活性剤[ヤシ油脂肪酸アミドプロピルジメチルベタイン、ラウリルジメチルベタイン、2-アルキル-N-カルボキシメチル-N-ヒドロキシエチルイミダゾリニウムベタイン、ラウリルヒドロキシスルホベタイン、及びラウロイルアミドエチルヒドロキシエチルカルボキシメチルベタインヒドロキシプロピルリン酸ナトリウム等]、アミノ酸型両性界面活性剤[β-ラウリルアミノプロピオン酸ナトリウム等]が挙げられる。
平滑剤としては、流動パラフィン等が挙げられる。
防腐剤としては、安息香酸類、サリチル酸類及びソルビン酸類等が挙げられる。
酸化防止剤としては、フェノール類(2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール等)、チオジプロピオネート類(ジラウリル-3,3’-チオジプロピオネート等)及びホスファイト類(トリフェニルホスファイト等)等が挙げられる。
本発明の繊維用集束剤組成物(E)における(B)の含有率は、(E)の重量に対して、好ましくは0~50重量%であり、更に好ましくは3~30重量%、特に好ましくは5~15重量%である。
(B)の含有率が3重量%以上であると添加効果が得られ、集束性と開繊性が両立する。また、(B)の含有率が50重量%以下であると、(E)の粘度が適切であり、開繊性が十分となる。
本発明の繊維用集束剤組成物(E)における(C)の含有率は、(E)の重量に対して、好ましくは0~40重量%であり、更に好ましくは1~25重量%、特に好ましくは5~20重量%である。
本発明の繊維用集束剤組成物(E)における(D)の含有率は、(E)の重量に対して、好ましくは0~60重量%であり、更に好ましくは0.2~50重量%、特に好ましくは0.5~40重量%である。
(E)を水性媒体に溶解又は分散することにより、繊維束への(E)の付着量を適量にすることが容易になり、集束性と開繊性のコントロールがしやすい。
水性媒体としては、公知の水性媒体、例えば、水及び親水性有機溶媒[炭素数1~4の低級アルコール(メタノール、エタノール及びイソプロパノール等)、炭素数3~6のケトン(アセトン、エチルメチルケトン及びメチルイソブチルケトン等)、炭素数2~6のグリコール(エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール及びトリエチレングリコール等)及びそのモノアルキル(炭素数1~2)エーテル、ジメチルホルムアミド並びに炭素数3~5の酢酸アルキルエステル(酢酸メチル及び酢酸エチル等)等]が挙げられる。これらは2種以上を併用してもよい。水性媒体のうち、安全性等の観点から好ましいのは、水並びに親水性有機溶媒及び水の混合溶媒であり、更に好ましいのは水である。
(S)が高濃度の場合の濃度(水性媒体以外の成分の含有割合)は、保存安定性等の観点から、好ましくは30~80重量%であり、更に好ましくは40~70重量%である。
(S)が低濃度の場合の濃度は、繊維束の製造時に(E)の付着量を適量にすることができるという観点等から、好ましくは0.5~15重量%であり、更に好ましくは1~10重量%である。
(E)を水性媒体中に溶解又は乳化分散する際の温度は、混合し易さの観点から、好ましくは20~90℃であり、更に好ましくは40~90℃である。
(E)を水性媒体中に溶解又は乳化分散する時間は、好ましくは1~20時間であり、更に好ましくは2~10時間である。
(E)を水性媒体中に溶解又は乳化分散する際には、公知の混合装置、溶解装置及び乳化分散装置を使用することができ、具体的には、撹拌羽根(羽根形状:カイ型及び三段パドル等)、ナウタミキサー[ホソカワミクロン(株)製]、リボンミキサー、コニカルブレンダー、モルタルミキサー、万能混合機{万能混合撹拌機「5DM-L」[(株)三英製作所製]等}及びヘンシエルミキサー[日本コークス工業(株)]等が使用できる。
マトリックス樹脂としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリアミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリフェニレンスルフィド等の熱可塑性樹脂及びエポキシ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂が挙げられる。マトリックス樹脂のうち好ましいのは、熱硬化性樹脂であり、更に好ましいのはエポキシ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂及びビニルエステル樹脂である。
触媒としては、エポキシ樹脂用としては、公知(特開2005-213337号公報に記載のもの等)のエポキシ樹脂用硬化剤及び硬化促進剤等が挙げられる。また、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂及びビニルエステル樹脂用としては、過酸化物(ベンゾイルパ-オキサイド、t-ブチルパ-ベンゾエイト、t-ブチルクミルパ-オキサイド等、メチルエチルケトンパーオキサイド、1,1-ジ(t-ブチルパーオキシ)ブタン、ジ(4-t-ブチルシクロヘキシル)パーオキシジカーボネート等)やアゾ系化合物(アゾビスイソバレロニトリル等)が挙げられる。
ポリエステル樹脂(A2):
ビスフェノールAエチレンオキサイド2モル付加物「ニューポールBPE-20」[三洋化成工業(株)製]2,212重量部、テレフタル酸996重量部(アルコール/酸=7/6モル比)及びシュウ酸チタン酸カリウム3重量部を、ガラス反応容器中で230℃で0.001MPaまで減圧し水を留去しながら15時間反応させた。ここに更にポリオキシエチレングリコール「PEG1500」[三洋化成工業(株)製]1,500重量部を加えて180℃で常圧で10時間反応させ、ポリエステル樹脂(A2)4,490重量部を得た。
(A2)の35℃での粘度は700Pa・sであった。
ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(A1):「JER834」[三菱化学(株)製]
ポリウレタンエマルション(A3):「ケミチレンGA-500」[35℃での粘度:55Pa・s、ポリエステルポリオールと脂肪族イソシアネートとのウレタンエマルション、不揮発成分:50重量%、三洋化成工業(株)製]
ポリエーテル樹脂(A4):ビスフェノールA1モルに対し、プロピレンオキサイド10モルとエチレンオキサイド20モルをランダムに付加させたもの。
ビニルエステル樹脂(A5):ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(A1)1モルにメタクリル酸2モルをエステル化させたもの。
揺変付与剤(B);
高級脂肪酸アミド(B1):「ステアリン酸アミド」
脂肪酸エステル(B2):「硬化ヒマシ油A」[伊藤製油(株)製]
脂肪酸塩(B3):「ステアリン酸リチウム」[川村化成工業(株)製]
酸化ポリエチレン(B4):「サンワックスE-310」[酸価15mgKOH/g、Mw:2,000、三洋化成工業(株)製]
界面活性剤(C);
ノニオン界面活性剤(C1):スチレン化フェノール1モルにエチレンオキサイド20モルを付加させたもの
実施例で使用した(A)の35℃での粘度は、以下の条件で2回測定した値の平均値とした。結果を表1に示す。なお、2種以上の(A)を併用した場合、その混合物の35℃での粘度を測定した。
機種:BH型粘度計[東機産業(株)製]
測定温度:35℃
ローターNo.23
回転数0.3rpm
測定開始から20分経過後の粘度を読み取る。
実施例で使用した(E)のTIの測定は以下のように行った。
機種:BH型粘度計[東機産業(株)製]
測定温度:35℃
ローターNo.23
E0.3rpm:回転数0.3rpmの粘度
E3rpm:回転数3rpmの粘度
測定開始から20分経過後の粘度を読み取る。
(TI)=(E0.3rpm)/(E3rpm)
エポキシ樹脂(A1)600重量部、高級脂肪酸アミド(B1)200重量部、界面活性剤(C1)200重量部を万能混合機[(株)三英製作所製]に投入し、130℃で30分間、均一混合した後50℃に冷却し、繊維用集束剤組成物(E1)を得た。次いで(E1)に1,500重量部の水を6時間かけて滴下し、不揮発成分濃度40重量%の繊維用集束剤水性液(S-1)2,500重量部を得た。(A1)の35℃での粘度は55Pa・sであった。
ポリエステル樹脂(A2)650重量部、脂肪酸エステル(B2)50重量部、ポリエーテル樹脂(A4)50重量部、界面活性剤(C1)200重量部を万能混合機[(株)三英製作所製]に投入し、50℃で30分間、均一混合した。更に、1,450重量部の水を6時間かけて滴下し、ここにポリウレタンエマルション(A3)100重量部を加え、不揮発成分濃度42重量%の繊維用集束剤水性液(S-2)2,500重量部を得た。(A)成分[上記(A2)、(A4)、(A3)の混合物の不揮発成分]の35℃での粘度は700Pa・sであった。
ビニルエステル樹脂(A5)700重量部、脂肪酸塩(B3)100重量部、界面活性剤(C1)200重量部を万能混合機[(株)三英製作所製]に投入し、80℃で30分間、均一混合した後50℃に冷却し、繊維用集束剤組成物(E3)を得た。次いで(E3)に1,500重量部の水を6時間かけて滴下し、不揮発成分濃度40重量%の繊維用集束剤水性液(S-3)2,500重量部を得た。(A5)の35℃での粘度は2,800Pa・sであった。
エポキシ樹脂(A1)200重量部、酸化ポリエチレン(B4)400重量部、ポリエステル樹脂(A2)200重量部、界面活性剤(C1)を200重量部、万能混合機[(株)三英製作所製]に投入し、130℃で30分間、均一混合した後50℃に冷却し、繊維用集束剤組成物(E4)を得た。次いで(E4)に1,500重量部の水を6時間かけて滴下し、不揮発成分濃度40重量%の繊維用集束剤水性液(S-4)2,500重量部を得た。なお、(A)成分[上記(A1)と(A2)の混合物]の35℃での粘度は200Pa・sであった。
ポリエステル樹脂(A2)850重量部、高級脂肪酸アミド(B1)150重量部を万能混合機[(株)三英製作所製]に投入し、130℃で30分間、均一混合した後50℃に冷却し、繊維用集束剤組成物(E5)を得た。次いで(E5)に1,500重量部の水を6時間かけて滴下し、不揮発成分濃度40重量%の繊維用集束剤水性液(S-5)2,500重量部を得た。なお、(A2)の35℃での粘度は600Pa・sであった。
エポキシ樹脂(A1)300重量部、ポリエステル樹脂(A2)500重量部、高級脂肪酸アミド(B1)50重量部、界面活性剤(C1)150重量部を万能混合機[(株)三英製作所製]に投入し、130℃で30分間、均一混合した後50℃に冷却し、繊維用集束剤組成物(E6)を得た。次いで(E6)に1,500重量部の水を6時間かけて滴下し、不揮発成分濃度40重量%の繊維用集束剤水性液(S-6)2,500重量部を得た。
なお、(A)成分[上記(A1)と(A2)の混合物]の35℃での粘度は330Pa・sであった。
エポキシ樹脂(A1)800重量部、界面活性剤(C1)200重量部を、万能混合機[(株)三英製作所製]に投入し、80℃で30分間、均一混合した後50℃に冷却し、1,500重量部の水を6時間かけて滴下し、不揮発成分濃度40重量%の繊維用集束剤水性液(S’1)2,500重量部を得た。
高級脂肪酸アミド(B1)200重量部、ポリエーテル樹脂(A4)750重量部を万能混合機[(株)三英製作所製]に投入し、130℃で30分間、均一混合した後50℃に冷却し、1,450重量部の水を6時間かけて滴下し、更にポリウレタンエマルション(A3)100重量部を加え、不揮発成分濃度42重量%の繊維用集束剤水性液(S’2)2,500重量部を得た。(A)成分[(A4)、(A3)の不揮発成分))の35℃での粘度は40Pa・sであった。
高級脂肪酸アミド(B1)200重量部、ポリエーテル樹脂(A4)100重量部、界面活性剤(C1)200重量部を万能混合機[(株)三英製作所製]に投入し、30℃で30分間、均一混合した。次いで50℃に冷却し、1,000重量部の水を6時間かけて滴下し、更にポリウレタンエマルション(A3)1,000重量部を加え、不揮発成分濃度60重量%の繊維用集束剤水性液(S’3)2,500重量部を得た。(A)成分[(A4)、(A3)の不揮発成分)の35℃での粘度は3,300Pa・sであった。
高級脂肪酸アミド(B1)500重量部、ポリエーテル樹脂(A4)100重量部、界面活性剤(C1)100重量部を万能混合機[(株)三英製作所製]に投入し、30℃で30分間、均一混合した。次いで50℃に冷却し、1,200重量部の水を6時間かけて滴下し、更にポリウレタンエマルション(A3)600重量部を加え、不揮発成分濃度52重量%の繊維用集束剤水性液(S’4)2,500重量部を得た。(A)成分[(A4)、(A3)の不揮発成分]の35℃での粘度は2,100Pa・sであった。
前記の方法で得られた炭素繊維束30cmを、台上でまっすぐに引き伸ばした後、台の端から突き出し、炭素繊維束が折れ曲がるまでに突き出した長さを測定した。数値が大きいほど集束性に優れることを意味する。
表面が平滑な直径10mmのステンレス棒5本を、50mm間隔でそれぞれ平行にかつ炭素繊維束が120度の角度で接触しながら通過するようにジグザグに配置した。このステンレス棒間に前記の方法で得られた炭素繊維束をジグザグにかけ、巻取ロールと巻出ロールとの間の張力1,000g重、速度1m/分で炭素繊維束を巻出ロールから巻取ロールへ巻き取り、5本のステンレス棒を通過した後の、炭素繊維束の拡がり幅(mm)を、「糸走行試験装置」[浅野機械製作所(株)製]を用いて測定した。数値が大きいほど、開繊性に優れることを意味する。
集束性と開繊性の積を品位指標とした。数値が大きいものは集束性と開繊性が共に優れることを意味する。
上記の方法で得られた50cm炭素繊維束10本を、平行に引き揃えてシート状にし、ここに炭素繊維束と同じ重量のビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂「JER828」[三菱化学(株)製]を全面に塗布し、100℃に加温したてから2分経過時に、含浸むらによる斑状の模様がないか目視で確認した。模様がないものを○、あるものを×とした。
前記の方法で得られた炭素繊維束を、一方向に引き揃えて金型(縦10cm×横10cm、厚さ2mmの枠型)に入れ、そこにマトリックス樹脂[ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂「JER828」100重量部とBF3モノエチルアミン塩3重量部を混合したもの]を加えて減圧(0.0065MPa)下で含浸させた。このとき、炭素繊維束の体積含有率が60%となるように炭素繊維束の量を調節した。次いで、150℃、加圧下(0.49MPa)で1時間硬化させ、更に140℃に温度を下げ、加圧下(0.49MPa)で4時間硬化させた。得られた硬化物をダイヤモンドカッターで切断して、厚さ2mm、幅10mm、長さ100mmのテストピースを作製し、JIS K7074に準拠して曲げ強度(スパン/厚さ比=32、試験速度5.0mm/分)を測定した。数値が大きいほど、曲げ強度に優れることを意味する。
集束性と開繊性の両方が優れていることをわかりやすくするために、表1に品位指標を記載した。これは、集束性と開繊性の数値の積であり、この数値が100より高いと、集束性と開繊性が共に優れることを示す。比較例が示すように、従来の繊維用集束剤組成物では、この指標の数値が100未満であった。
本発明の繊維用集束剤組成物(E)で処理して得られた繊維束は、いずれも120を超えており、これまでにない優れた繊維用集束剤組成物であることがわかる。
Claims (11)
- 35℃での粘度が50~3,000Pa・sである集束剤(A)を含有し、チクソトロピーインデックスが3~15である繊維用集束剤組成物(E)。
- 更に、揺変付与剤(B)を含有する請求項1に記載の繊維用集束剤組成物(E)。
- 集束剤(A)が、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリエーテル樹脂及びビニルエステル樹脂からなる群より選ばれる1種以上である請求項1に記載の繊維用集束剤組成物(E)。
- 揺変付与剤(B)が、脂肪酸アミド、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪酸塩及び酸化ポリオレフィンからなる群より選ばれる1種以上である請求項2又は3に記載の繊維用集束剤組成物(E)。
- 揺変付与剤(B)の含有率が、(E)の重量に対して3~30重量%である請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の繊維用集束剤組成物(E)。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の繊維用集束剤組成物(E)を水性媒体に溶解又は分散してなる繊維用集束剤水性液(S)。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の繊維用集束剤組成物(E)又は請求項6に記載の繊維用集束剤水性液(S)で繊維を処理することを特徴とする繊維束の製造方法。
- 繊維が、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維、セラミック繊維、金属繊維、鉱物繊維及びスラッグ繊維からなる群より選ばれる1種以上である請求項7に記載の繊維束の製造方法。
- 請求項7又は8に記載の製造方法で得られた繊維束。
- 請求項9に記載の繊維束とマトリックス樹脂から得られる複合中間体。
- 請求項10に記載の複合中間体を成形してなる繊維強化複合材料。
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CN110305464B (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-11-16 | 天津工业大学 | 一种连续氮化硅纤维增强树脂基复合线材及其制备方法 |
CN110512427A (zh) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-11-29 | 广东石油化工学院 | 一种纤维集束剂 |
CN111005229B (zh) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-03-02 | 鸿羽腾风材料科技有限公司 | 一种碳纤维上浆剂及其制备方法 |
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- 2012-09-20 WO PCT/JP2012/005983 patent/WO2013042367A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-09-20 KR KR1020147004871A patent/KR101577589B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-09-20 US US14/345,953 patent/US20140228481A1/en not_active Abandoned
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EP3059340A4 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2017-09-27 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Commingled yarn, method for producing same, and textile |
US11236446B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2022-02-01 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Commingled yarn, method for manufacturing the commingled yarn, and, weave fabric |
US20170284015A1 (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2017-10-05 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Fiber sizing agent composition, fiber sizing agent dispersion, fiber sizing agent solution, method for producing fiber bundles, composite intermediate and fiber-reinforced composite material |
US10400390B2 (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2019-09-03 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Fiber sizing agent composition, fiber sizing agent dispersion, fiber sizing agent solution, method for producing fiber bundles, composite intermediate and fiber-reinforced composite material |
JP2018090927A (ja) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-14 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 繊維用集束剤組成物 |
JP2020133095A (ja) * | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-31 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 繊維用集束剤 |
JP7389668B2 (ja) | 2019-02-20 | 2023-11-30 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 繊維用集束剤 |
JP7214933B1 (ja) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-01-30 | 松本油脂製薬株式会社 | 強化繊維用サイジング剤及びその用途 |
WO2023026674A1 (ja) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-03-02 | 松本油脂製薬株式会社 | 強化繊維用サイジング剤及びその用途 |
CN113999727A (zh) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-01 | 广州米奇化工有限公司 | 清洁组合物及其制备方法和清洁凝珠 |
CN113999727B (zh) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-11-03 | 广州米奇化工有限公司 | 清洁组合物及其制备方法和清洁凝珠 |
Also Published As
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US20140228481A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
JPWO2013042367A1 (ja) | 2015-03-26 |
CN103797183A (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
TW201323681A (zh) | 2013-06-16 |
KR101577589B1 (ko) | 2015-12-15 |
KR20140044917A (ko) | 2014-04-15 |
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