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WO2012089724A1 - Procédé d'amélioration de la qualité d'une plante - Google Patents

Procédé d'amélioration de la qualité d'une plante Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012089724A1
WO2012089724A1 PCT/EP2011/074075 EP2011074075W WO2012089724A1 WO 2012089724 A1 WO2012089724 A1 WO 2012089724A1 EP 2011074075 W EP2011074075 W EP 2011074075W WO 2012089724 A1 WO2012089724 A1 WO 2012089724A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plant
increased
improved
content
plants
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/074075
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lino Miguel DIAS
Martin Vaupel
Akihisa Oshima
Yang Xiaojun
Joao Eduardo VILA MAIOR
Original Assignee
Bayer Cropscience Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer Cropscience Ag filed Critical Bayer Cropscience Ag
Priority to BR112013016837A priority Critical patent/BR112013016837A2/pt
Priority to JP2013546695A priority patent/JP6419427B2/ja
Priority to MX2013007637A priority patent/MX357244B/es
Priority to CN201180068862.2A priority patent/CN103562158B/zh
Priority to EP11808218.9A priority patent/EP2658830A1/fr
Priority to KR1020137019977A priority patent/KR101904054B1/ko
Publication of WO2012089724A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012089724A1/fr
Priority to ZA2013/05724A priority patent/ZA201305724B/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the novel method for improving plant quality, which method comprises treating the crop plant and/or the locus where the crop plant is growing or is intended to grow and/or the plant propa- gules with a plant quality improving amount of a micronutrient containing active ingredient.
  • Zinc is an essential micronutrient for the normal growth, development and health of plants and human beings.
  • zinc deficiency is unrecognized or underestimated and untreated. There is, therefore, an urgent need to understand and address zinc deficiency in these countries in order to contribute to both crop production and human health.
  • Zinc is also particularly important for better tolerance of crop plants under various stress factors such as drought, heat and salinity.
  • Zinc is essential for the normal healthy growth and reproduction of plants, animals and humans. When the supply of plant-available zinc is inadequate, crop yields and quality of crop products are impaired. In plants, zinc plays a key role as a structural constituent or regulatory co-factor of a wide range of different enzymes and proteins in many important biochemical pathways. When the supply of zinc to the plant is inadequate, the physiological functions of zinc cannot operate correctly and thus plant growth is adversely affected.
  • micronutrients like copper, manganese and zinc can be applied to plants via fungicides containing such micronutrients.
  • compositions for delivering zinc oxide in combination with a pesticide to plants and, more partic- ularly, to potatoes are known (cf. WO 95/20874).
  • a method for improving the plant quality characterized in that a crop plant and/or the locus where the crop plant is growing or is intended to grow and/or the plant propagules are treated with a plant quality improving amount of a micronutrient containing active ingredient, which active ingredient preferably is also fungicidally active.
  • the micronutrient containing active ingredient is preferably selected from the group consisting of active ingredients containing at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iron and copper or the micronutrient boron.
  • these active ingredients are selected from the group consisting of zinc containing compounds like Propineb, Polyoxin Z (zinc salt), Zineb, Ziram, zinc thiodazole, zinc naphthenate and Mancozeb (also containing manganese), or from manganese containing compounds like Maneb, Metiram and Mancopper (also containing copper), or from iron containing compounds like Ferbam, or from copper containing compounds like Bordeaux mixture, copper oxychloride, tribasic copper sulphate, copper oxide, copper octanoate, copper hydroxide, oxine copper and copper naphthenate.
  • zinc containing compounds like Propineb, Polyoxin Z (zinc salt), Zineb, Ziram, zinc thiodazole, zinc naphthenate and Mancozeb (also containing manganese), or from manganese containing compounds like Maneb, Metiram and Mancopper (also containing copper), or from iron containing compounds like Ferbam, or from copper containing compounds like
  • the active ingredients are selected from the group consisting of Propineb and Mancozeb. More preferably the active ingredient is Propineb.
  • micronutrient containing active ingredients are known to have fungicidal properties and can be used for controlling various plant diseases (cf. The Pesticide Manual, 15 th Edition 2009).
  • plant quality quality of a plant
  • yield for example in- creased biomass, increased content of valuable ingredients and/or improved content or composition of certain ingredients
  • plant vigor for example improved plant growth and/or greener leaves
  • yield is to be understood as any plant part or product of economic value that is produced by the plant such as grains, leaves, roots, fruits in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of forestry) or even flowers (e.g. in the case of horticulture and ornamentals).
  • the plant products may in addition be further utilized and/or pro- Depleted after harvesting.
  • increased yield of a crop plant means that the yield of a product of the respective crop plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the micronutrient containing active ingredient.
  • Increased yield can be characterized inter alia by following improved properties of the crop plant:
  • FW fresh weight
  • DW dry weight
  • vitamin content e.g. of Vitamin Bi, B 2 , C and E
  • the yield is increased by at least 5 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 % or even more compared to the respective untreated control plant.
  • plant vigor Another indicator for the quality of a plant, in particular for the condition of the crop plant is the "plant vigor".
  • the plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects such as the general visual appearance and growth.
  • Improved plant vigor can be characterized inter alia by following improved properties of the plant:
  • enhanced pigment content e.g. Chlorophyll content
  • the plant vigor is increased by at least 5 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 % or even more compared to the respective untreated control plant.
  • the preferred quality parameters for rice are • increased carotenoid content (e.g. of Vitamin A),
  • the preferred quality parameters for corn/maize are
  • the preferred quality parameters for grapes/vine are
  • micronutrient containing active ingredients which can be used according to the invention can be employed as such or in the form of customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes, etc. Application is then carried out by customary methods. Thus, for example, it is possible to dress seeds with preparations comprising the micronutrient containing active ingredients, if appropriate in a mixture with other agrochemically active compounds and customary additives.
  • a further type of application comprises mixing substances which can be used according to the invention either as such or in formulated form with other agrochemically active compounds and with customary formulation auxiliaries and preparing solid plant treatment agents, such as granules or baits, from these preparations.
  • the application rates can be varied within a certain range, depending on the type of application.
  • the application rates of micronutrient containing active ingredients are generally between 10 and 10000 mg per kilo- gram of seed, preferably between 10 and 300 mg per kilogram of seed.
  • the application rates of micronutrient containing active ingredients are generally between 20 and 800 mg per kilogram of formulation, preferably between 30 and 700 mg per kilogram of formulation.
  • micronutrient containing active ingredients used according to the invention are generally applied in form of a composition comprising at least one micronutrient containing active ingredient as mentioned above.
  • the fungicidal composition comprises agriculturally acceptable additives, solvents, carriers, surfactants, or extenders.
  • carrier is to be understood as meaning a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance which is mixed or combined with the active compounds for better applicability, in particular for application to plants or plant parts or seeds.
  • the carrier which may be solid or liquid, is generally inert and should be suitable for use in agriculture.
  • Suitable solid or liquid carriers are: for example ammonium salts and natural ground minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as fmely divided silica, alumina and natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, especially butanol, organic solvents, mineral oils and vegetable oils, and also derivatives thereof. It is also possible to use mix- tures of such carriers.
  • natural ground minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth
  • ground synthetic minerals such as fmely divided silica, alumina and natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, especially butanol, organic solvents, mineral oils and vegetable oils, and also derivatives thereof. It is also possible to use mix- tures of such carriers.
  • Solid carriers suitable for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite, and also synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals and also granules of organic material, such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks.
  • Suitable liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are liquids which are gaseous at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants, such as butane, propane, nitrogen and C0 2 .
  • Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules and latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, or else natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids can be used in the formulations.
  • Other possible additives are mineral and vegetable oils and waxes, optionally modified.
  • Suit- able liquid solvents are essentially: aromatic compounds, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol, and also ethers and esters thereof, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulphoxide, and also water.
  • aromatic compounds such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes
  • chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or
  • compositions according to the invention may comprise additional further components, such as, for example, surfactants.
  • Suitable surfactants are emulsifiers, dispersants or wetting agents having ionic or nonionic properties, or mixtures of these surfactants. Examples of these are salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulphonic acid, salts of phenolsulphonic acid or naphthalenesulphonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fat- ty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulphosuccinic es- ters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty esters of polyols, and derivatives of the compounds containing sulphates, sulphonates and phosphates.
  • the presence of a surfactant is required if one of the active compounds and/or one of the inert carriers is insoluble in water and when the application takes place in water.
  • the proportion of surfactants is between 5 and 40 per cent by weight of the composi- tion according to the invention.
  • colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian blue, and organic dyes, such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • inorganic pigments for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian blue
  • organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes
  • trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • additional components may also be present, for example protective colloids, binders, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic substances, penetrants, stabilizers, sequestering agents, complex formers.
  • the active compounds can be combined with any solid or liquid additive customarily used for formulation purposes.
  • compositions according to the invention comprise between 0.05 and 99 per cent by weight, 0.01 and 98 per cent by weight, preferable between 0.1 and 95 per cent by weight, particularly preferred between 0.5 and 90 per cent by weight of the active compound combination according to the invention, very particularly preferable between 10 and 70 per cent by weight.
  • the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention can be used as such or, depending on their respective physical and/or chemical properties, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, such as aerosols, capsule suspensions, cold-fogging concentrates, warm-fogging concentrates, encapsulated granules, fine granules, flowable concentrates for the treatment of seed, ready-to-use solutions, dustable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, macrogranules, microgranules, oil- dispersible powders, oil-miscible flowable concentrates, oil-miscible liquids, foams, pastes, pesticide-coated seed, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsion concentrates, soluble concentrates, suspensions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts and granules, water-soluble granules or tablets, water-soluble powders for
  • the formulations mentioned can be prepared in a manner known per se, for example by mixing the active compounds or the active compound combinations with at least one additive.
  • Suitable additives are all customary formulation auxiliaries, such as, for example, organic solvents, extenders, solvents or diluents, solid carriers and fillers, surfactants (such as adjuvants, emulsifiers, dispersants, protective colloids, wetting agents and tackifiers), dispersants and/or binders or fixatives, preservatives, dyes and pigments, defoamers, inorganic and organic thickeners, water repellents, if appropriate siccatives and UV stabilizers, gibberellins and also water and further processing auxiliaries.
  • surfactants such as adjuvants, emulsifiers, dispersants, protective colloids, wetting agents and tackifiers
  • dispersants and/or binders or fixatives preservatives, dyes and pigments, defoamers,
  • compositions according to the invention do not only comprise ready-to-use compositions which can be applied with suitable apparatus to the plant or the seed, but also commercial concentrates which have to be diluted with water prior to use.
  • the active compound combinations according to the invention can be present in (commercial) formulations and in the use forms prepared from these formulations as a mixture with other (known) active compounds, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, fertilizers, safeners and Semiochemicals.
  • active compounds such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, fertilizers, safeners and Semiochemicals.
  • the treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active compounds or compositions is carried out directly or by action on their surroundings, habitat or storage space using customary treat- ment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating, evaporating, dusting, fogging, broadcasting, foaming, painting, spreading-on, watering (drenching), drip irrigating and, in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seeds, furthermore as a powder for dry seed treatment, a solution for seed treatment, a water-soluble powder for slurry treatment, by incrusting, by coating with one or more layers, etc. It is furthermore possible to apply the active compounds by the ultra-low volume method, or to inject the active compound preparation or the active compound itself into the soil.
  • the invention furthermore comprises a method for treating seed.
  • the invention furthermore relates to seed treated according to one of the methods described in the preceding paragraph.
  • the active compounds or compositions according to the invention are especially suitable for treating seed.
  • a large part of the damage to crop plants caused by harmful organisms is triggered by an infection of the seed during storage or after sowing as well as during and after germination of the plant. This phase is particularly critical since the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive, and even small damage may result in the death of the plant. Accordingly, there is great interest in protecting the seed and the germinating plant by using appropriate compositions.
  • methods for the treatment of seed should also take into consideration the intrinsic fungicidal properties of transgenic plants in order to achieve optimum protection of the seed and the germinating plant with a minimum of crop protection agents being employed. Accordingly, the present invention also relates in particular to a method for treating seed and germinating plants to improve plant quality.
  • method according to the invention can be used in particular also on transgenic seed where the plant growing from this seed is capable of expressing a protein which acts against pests.
  • the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention even by the expression of the, for example, insecticidal protein, certain pests may be controlled.
  • a further synergistic effect may be observed here, which additionally improves the quality of the treated plant.
  • compositions according to the invention are suitable for treating seed of any plant variety employed in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in forests or in horticulture or viticulture.
  • this takes the form of seed of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale, millet, oats), maize (corn), cotton, soya bean, rice, potatoes, sunflowers, beans, coffee, beets (e.g. sugar beets and fodder beets), peanuts, oilseed rape, poppies, olives, coconuts, cacao, sugar cane, tobacco, vegetables (such as tomatoes, cucumbers, onions and lettuce), lawn and ornamental plants (also see below).
  • the treatment of seeds of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale, and oats), maize (corn) and rice is of particular importance.
  • transgenic seed As also described further below, the treatment of transgenic seed with the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention is of particular importance.
  • the heterologous gene in transgenic seed can originate, for example, from microorganisms of the species Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium.
  • this heterologous gene is from Bacillus sp., the gene product having activity against the European corn borer and/or the Western corn rootworm.
  • the heterologous gene originates from Bacillus thuringiensis.
  • the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention are applied on their own or in a suitable formulation to the seed.
  • the seed is treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable so that the treatment does not cause any damage.
  • treatment of the seed may take place at any point in time between harvesting and sowing.
  • the seed used is separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits.
  • seed which has been harvested, cleaned and dried to a moisture content of less than 15 % by weight.
  • compositions according to the invention can be applied directly, that is to say without comprising further components and without having been diluted. In general, it is preferable to apply the compositions to the seed in the form of a suitable formulation.
  • Suitable formulations and methods for the treatment of seed are known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the following documents: US 4,272,417, US 4,245,432, US 4,808,430, US 5,876,739, US 2003/0176428 Al, WO 2002/080675, WO 2002/028186.
  • the active compound combinations which can be used according to the invention can be converted into customary seed dressing formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other coating materials for seed, and also ULV formulations.
  • formulations are prepared in a known manner by mixing the active compounds or active compound com- binations with customary additives, such as, for example, customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and water as well.
  • customary additives such as, for example, customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and water as well.
  • Suitable colorants that may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention include all colorants customary for such purposes. Use may be made both of pigments, of sparing solu- bility in water, and of dyes, which are soluble in water. Examples that may be mentioned include the colorants known under the designations Rhodamine B, C.I. Pigment Red 112, and C.I. Solvent Red 1.
  • Suitable wetting agents that may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention include all substances which promote wetting and are customary in the formulation of active ag- rochemical substances. With preference it is possible to use alkylnaphthalene-sulphonates, such as diisopropyl- or diisobutylnaphthalene-sulphonates.
  • Suitable dispersants and/or emulsifiers that may be present in the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention include all nonionic, anionic, and cationic dispersants which are customary in the formulation of active agrochemical substances. With preference, it is possible to use nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants.
  • Particularly suitable nonionic dispersants are ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, and tristyrylphenol polyglycol ethers, and their phosphated or sulphated derivatives.
  • Particularly suitable anionic dispersants are lignosulphonates, polyacrylic salts, and arylsulphonate-formaldehyde condensates.
  • Defoamers that may be present in the seed dressing formulations to be used according to the invention include all foam-inhibiting compounds which are customary in the formulation of agrochemically active compounds. Preference is given to using silicone defoamers, magnesium stearate, silicone emulsions, long-chain alcohols, fatty acids and their salts and also organofluorine compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • Preservatives that may be present in the seed dressing formulations to be used according to the invention include all compounds which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions.
  • agrochemical compositions By way of example, mention may be made of dichlorophen and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.
  • Secondary thickeners that may be present in the seed dressing formulations to be used according to the invention include all compounds which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions.
  • Suitable adhesives that may be present in the seed dressing formulations to be used according to the invention include all customary binders which can be used in seed dressings.
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose may be mentioned as being preferred.
  • the gibberellins are known (cf. R. Wegler "Chemie der convinced für Schweizer- and Schadlmgsbekampfungsmitter' [Chemistry of Crop Protection Agents and Pesticides], Vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, pp. 401-412).
  • the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention may be used directly or after dilution with water beforehand to treat seed of any of a very wide variety of types.
  • the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention or their dilute preparations may also be used to dress seed of transgenic plants.
  • synergistic effects may also arise in interaction with the substances formed by expression.
  • Suitable mixing equipment for treating seed with the seed dressing formulations which can be used according to the invention or the preparations prepared from them by adding water includes all mixing equipment which can commonly be used for dressing.
  • the specific procedure adopted when dressing comprises introducing the seed into a mixer, adding the particular desired amount of seed dressing formulation, either as it is or following dilution with water beforehand, and carrying out mixing until the formulation is uniformly distributed on the seed.
  • a drying operation follows.
  • plants and plant parts can be treated.
  • plants are meant all plants and plant populations such as desirable and undesirable wild plants, cultivars and plant varieties (whether or not protectable by plant variety or plant breeder's rights).
  • Cultivars and plant varieties can be plants obtained by conventional propagation and breeding methods which can be assisted or supplemented by one or more biotechnological methods such as by use of double haploids, protoplast fusion, random and directed mutagenesis, molecular or genetic markers or by bioengineering and genetic engineering methods.
  • plant parts all above ground and below ground parts and organs of plants such as shoot, leaf, blossom and root, whereby for example leaves, needles, stems, branches, blossoms, fruiting bodies, fruits and seed as well as roots, tubers, corms and rhizomes are listed.
  • Crops and vegetative and generative propagating material for example cuttings, corms, rhizomes, tubers, runners and seeds also belong to plant parts.
  • the active compounds of the invention in combination with good plant tolerance and favourable toxicity to warm-blooded animals and being tolerated well by the environment, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs, for increasing the harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material. They may be preferably employed as crop protection agents. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development.
  • plants that can be treated by the method according to the invention mention may be made of major field crops like corn, soybean, cotton, Brassica oilseeds such as Brassica napus (e.g. canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (e.g. mustard) and Brassica carinata, rice, wheat, sugarbeet, sugarcane, oats, rye, barley, millet, triticale, flax, vine and various fruits and vegetables of various botanical taxa such as Rosaceae sp. (e.g.
  • pip fruit such as apples and pears, but also stone fruit such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, berry fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (e.g. banana trees and plant- ings), Rubiaceae sp. (e.g.
  • Theaceae sp. Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (e.g. lemons, oranges and grapefruit) ; Solanaceae sp. (e.g. tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplant), Liliaceae sp., Compositiae sp. (e.g. lettuce, artichoke and chicory - including root chicory, endive or common chicory), Umbelliferae sp. (e.g. carrot, parsley, celery and celeriac), Cucurbitaceae sp. (e.g. cucumber - including pickling cucumber, squash, watermelon, gourds and melons), Alliaceae sp.
  • Solanaceae sp. e.g. tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplant
  • Liliaceae sp. Compositiae sp.
  • Umbelliferae sp. e.g. carrot, parsley,
  • Cruciferae sp. e.g. white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radish, horseradish, cress, Chinese cabbage
  • Leguminosae sp. e.g. peanuts, peas and beans beans - such as climbing beans and broad beans
  • Che- nopodiaceae sp. e.g. mangold, spinach beet, spinach, beetroots
  • Malvaceae e.g. okra
  • Asparagaceae e.g. asparagus
  • horticultural and forest crops ornamental plants; as well as genetically modified homologues of these crops.
  • plants and their parts are treated.
  • wild plant species and plant cultivars or those obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, are treated.
  • transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering methods if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (genetically modified organisms), and parts thereof are treated.
  • the terms "parts”, “parts of plants” and “plant parts” have been explained above.
  • plants of the plant cultivars which are in each case commercially available or in use are treated according to the invention.
  • Plant cultivars are to be understood as meaning plants having novel properties ("traits") which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These can be cultivars, bio- or genotypes.
  • the method of treatment according to the invention can be used in the treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), e.g. plants or seeds.
  • GMOs genetically modified organisms
  • Genetically modified plants are plants of which a heterologous gene has been stably integrated into genome.
  • the expression "heterologous gene” essentially means a gene which is provided or assembled outside the plant and when introduced in the nuclear, chloroplastic or mitochondrial genome gives the transformed plant new or improved agronomic or other properties by expressing a protein or polypeptide of interest or by downregulating or silencing other gene(s) which are present in the plant (using for example, antisense technology, cosuppression technology or RNA interference - RNAi - technology).
  • a heterologous gene that is located in the genome is also called a transgene.
  • a transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant genome is called a transformation or transgenic event.
  • the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive (“synergistic") effects.
  • superadditive for example, reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase in the activity of the active compounds and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, bigger fruits, larger plant height, greener leaf color, earlier flowering, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, higher sugar concentration within the fruits, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products are possible, which exceed the effects which were actually to be expected.
  • the active compound combinations according to the invention may also have a strengthening effect in plants. Accordingly, they are also suitable for mobilizing the defense system of the plant against attack by unwanted microorganisms. This may, if appropriate, be one of the reasons of the enhanced activity of the combinations according to the invention, for example against fungi.
  • Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances are to be understood as meaning, in the present context, those substances or combinations of substances which are capable of stimulating the defense system of plants in such a way that, when subsequently inoculated with unwanted microorganisms, the treated plants display a substantial degree of resistance to these microorganisms.
  • the substances according to the invention can be employed for protecting plants against attack by the abovementioned pathogens within a certain period of time after the treatment.
  • the period of time within which protection is effected generally extends from 1 to 10 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, after the treatment of the plants with the active compounds.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which are preferably to be treated according to the invention include all plants which have genetic material which impart particularly advantageous, useful traits to these plants (whether obtained by breeding and/or biotechnological means).
  • Plants and plant cultivars which are also preferably to be treated according to the invention are resistant against one or more biotic stresses, i.e. said plants show a better defense against animal and microbial pests, such as against nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and/or viroids.
  • nematode resistant plants are described in e.g. US Patent Application No's 1 1/765,491, 11/765,494, 10/926,819, 10/782,020, 12/032,479, 10/783,417, 10/782,096, 11/657,964, 12/192,904, 1 1/396,808, 12/166,253, 12/166,239, 12/166, 124, 12/166,209, 1 1/762,886, 12/364,335, 1 1/763,947, 12/252,453, 12/209,354, 12/491,396 and 12/497,221.
  • Plants that may be treated according to the invention are hybrid plants that already express the characteristic of heterosis or hybrid vigor which results in generally higher yield, vigor, health and resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses). Such plants are typically made by crossing an inbred male-sterile parent line (the female parent) with another inbred male-fertile parent line (the male parent). Hybrid seed is typically harvested from the male sterile plants and sold to growers. Male sterile plants can sometimes (e.g. in corn) be produced by detasseling, i.e. the mechanical removal of the male reproductive organs (or males flowers) but, more typically, male sterility is the result of genetic determinants in the plant genome.
  • male sterile plants can also be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering.
  • a particularly useful means of obtaining male-sterile plants is described in WO 89/10396 in which, for example, a ribo- nuclease such as barnase is selectively expressed in the tapetum cells in the stamens. Fertility can then be restored by expression in the tapetum cells of aribonuclease inhibitor such as barstar.
  • Plants or plant cultivars obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering which may be treated according to the invention are herbicide-tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerant to one or more given herbicides. Such plants can be obtained either by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such herbicide tolerance.
  • Herbicide-resistant plants are for example glyphosate-tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate or salts thereof. Plants can be made tolerant to glyphosate through different means.
  • glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the plant with a gene encoding the enzyme 5- enolpyruvylshikimate-3 -phosphate synthase (EPSPS).
  • EPSPS 5- enolpyruvylshikimate-3 -phosphate synthase
  • Examples of such EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (Comai et al., 1983, Science 221, 370-371), the CP4 gene of the bacterium Agrobacterium sp.
  • Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate oxido-reductase enzyme.
  • Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate acetyl transferase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by selecting plants containing naturally-occurring mutations of the above-mentioned genes. Plants expressing EPSPS genes that confer glyphosate tolerance are described. Plants comprising other genes that confer glyphosate tolerance, such as decarboxylase genes, are described.
  • herbicide resistant plants are for example plants that are made tolerant to herbicides inhibiting the en- zyme glutamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinothricin or glufosinate.
  • Such plants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme detoxifying the herbicide or a mutant glutamine synthase enzyme that is resistant to inhibition.
  • One such efficient detoxifying enzyme is an enzyme encoding a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein from Streptomyces species). Plants expressing an exogenous phosphinothricin acetyltransferase are described.
  • HPPD hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase
  • HPPD is an enzyme that catalyze the reaction in which para- hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is transformed into homogentisate.
  • Plants tolerant to HPPD-inhibitors can be transformed with a gene encoding a naturally-occurring resistant HPPD enzyme, or a gene encoding a mutated or chimeric HPPD enzyme as described in WO 96/38567, WO 99/24585, WO 99/24586, WO 2009/144079, WO 2002/046387, or US 6,768,044.
  • Tolerance to HPPD-inhibitors can also be obtained by transforming plants with genes encoding certain enzymes enabling the formation of homogentisate despite the inhibition of the native HPPD enzyme by the HPPD-inhibitor. Such plants and genes are described in WO 99/34008 and WO 02/36787. Tolerance of plants to HPPD inhibitors can also be improved by transforming plants with a gene encoding an enzyme having prephenate deshydrogenase (PDH) activity in addition to a gene encoding an HPPD-tolerant enzyme, as described in WO 2004/024928.
  • PDH prephenate deshydrogenase
  • plants can be made more tolerant to HPPD-inhibitor herbicides by adding into their genome a gene encoding an enzyme capable of metabolizing or degrading HPPD inhibitors, such as the CYP450 enzymes shown in WO 2007/103567 and WO 2008/150473.
  • an enzyme capable of metabolizing or degrading HPPD inhibitors such as the CYP450 enzymes shown in WO 2007/103567 and WO 2008/150473.
  • Still further herbicide resistant plants are plants that are made tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors.
  • ALS-inhibitors include, for example, sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidines, pryimidiny- oxy(thio)benzoates, and/or sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides.
  • Different mutations in the ALS enzyme also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase, AHAS
  • AHAS acetohydroxyacid synthase
  • sulfonylurea-tolerant plants and imidazolinone-tolerant plants is described.
  • Other imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also described.
  • Further sulfonylurea- and imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also described.
  • Other plants tolerant to imidazolinone and/or sulfonylurea can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cultures in the presence of the herbicide or mutation breeding as described for example for soybeans in U.S. Patent 5,084,082, for rice in WO 97/41218, for sugar beet in U.S. Patent 5,773,702 and WO 99/057965, for lettuce in U.S. Patent 5,198,599, or for sunflower in WO 01/065922.
  • Plants or plant cultivars obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering which may al- so be treated according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenic plants, i.e. plants made resistant to attack by certain target insects. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such insect resistance.
  • an "insect-resistant transgenic plant” includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a coding sequence encoding: 1) an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus tliuringiensis or an insecticidal portion thereof, such as the insecticidal crystal proteins listed by Crickmore et al. (1998, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 62: 807-813), updated by Crickmore et al.
  • insecticidal portions thereof e.g., proteins of the Cry protein classes CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylB, CrylC, CrylD, CrylF, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa, or Cry3Bb or insecticidal portions thereof (e.g. EP 1999141 and WO 2007/107302), or such proteins encoded by synthetic genes as e.g. described in US Patent Application No 12/249,016 ; or
  • a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of different insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus tliuringiensis, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above, e.g., the CrylA.105 protein produced by corn event MON89034 (WO 2007/027777); or
  • an insecticidal secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus or an insecticidal portion thereof, such as the vegetative insecticidal (VIP) proteins listed at known databases, proteins from the VIP3Aa protein class; or
  • a secreted protein from Bacillus tliuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which is insecticidal in the presence of a second secreted protein from Bacillus tliuringiensis or B. cereus, such as the binary toxin made up of the VIP1A and VIP2A proteins (WO 94/21795); or
  • a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts from different secreted proteins from Bacillus tliuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins in 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins in 2) above; or
  • 8) a protein of any one of 5) to 7) above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to a target insect species, and/or to expand the range of target insect species affected, and/or because of changes introduced into the encoding DNA during cloning or transformation (while still encoding an insecticidal protein), such as the VIP3Aa protein in cotton event COT 102; or
  • a secreted protein from Bacillus tliuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which is insecticidal in the presence of a crystal protein from Bacillus tliuringiensis, such as the binary toxin made up of VIP3 and CrylA or CrylF (US Patent Appl. No. 61/126083 and 61/195019), or the binary toxin made up of the VIP3 protein and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins (US Patent Appl. No. 12/214,022 and EP 08010791.5).
  • a crystal protein from Bacillus tliuringiensis such as the binary toxin made up of VIP3 and CrylA or CrylF (US Patent Appl. No. 61/126083 and 61/195019), or the binary toxin made up of the VIP3 protein and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins (US Patent Appl. No. 12/214,022 and EP 08010791.5).
  • an insect-resistant transgenic plant also includes any plant comprising a combination of genes encoding the proteins of any one of the above classes 1 to 10.
  • an insect-resistant plant contains more than one transgene encoding a protein of any one of the above classes 1 to 10, to expand the range of target insect species affected when using different proteins directed at different target insect species, or to delay insect resistance development to the plants by using different proteins insecticidal to the same target insect species but having a different mode of action, such as binding to different receptor binding sites in the insect.
  • An "insect-resistant transgenic plant”, as used herein, further includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a sequence producing upon expression a double-stranded R A which upon ingestion by a plant insect pest inhibits the growth of this insect pest.
  • Plants or plant cultivars obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering which may also be treated according to the invention are tolerant to abiotic stresses. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such stress resistance. Particularly useful stress tolerance plants include:
  • PARP poly(ADP- ribose) polymerase
  • plants which contain a stress tolerance enhancing transgene coding for a plant-functional enzyme of the nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide salvage synthesis pathway including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphori- bosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyl transferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotine amide phosphorybosyltransferase.
  • Plants or plant cultivars obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering which may also be treated according to the invention show altered quantity, quality and/or storage-stability of the harvested product and/or altered properties of specific ingredients of the harvested product such as :
  • transgenic plants which synthesize a modified starch, which in its physical-chemical characteristics, in particular the amylose content or the amylose/amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the side chain distribution, the viscosity behaviour, the gelling strength, the starch grain size and/or the starch grain morphology, is changed in comparison with the synthesised starch in wild type plant cells or plants, so that this is better suited for special applications.
  • a modified starch which in its physical-chemical characteristics, in particular the amylose content or the amylose/amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the side chain distribution, the viscosity behaviour, the gelling strength, the starch grain size and/or the starch grain morphology, is changed in comparison with the synthesised starch in wild type plant cells or plants, so that this is better suited for special applications.
  • transgenic plants which synthesize non starch carbohydrate polymers or which synthesize non starch carbohydrate polymers with altered properties in comparison to wild type plants without genetic modification.
  • Examples are plants producing polyfructose, especially of the inulin and levan-type, plants producing alpha- 1,4-glucans, plants producing alpha- 1,6 branched alpha- 1,4-glucans, plants producing alternan,
  • transgenic plants or hybrid plants such as onions with characteristics such as 'high soluble solids con- tent', 'low pungency' (LP) and/or 'long storage' (LS).
  • Plants or plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as cotton plants, with altered fiber characteristics.
  • plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation imparting such altered fiber characteristics and include:
  • Plants such as cotton plants, containing an altered form of cellulose synthase genes
  • Plants such as cotton plants, containing an altered form of rsw2 or rsw3 homologous nucleic acids Plants, such as cotton plants, with increased expression of sucrose phosphate synthase;
  • Plants such as cotton plants, having fibers with altered reactivity, e.g. through the expression of N- acetylglucosaminetransferase gene including nodC and chitin synthase genes.
  • Plants or plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as oilseed rape or related Brassica plants, with altered oil profile characteristics.
  • plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation imparting such altered oil profile characteristics and include:
  • Plants or plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as potatoes which are virus-resistant, e.g. against potato virus Y (event SY230 and SY233 from Tecnoplant, Argentina), which are disease resistant, e.g. against potato late blight (e.g. RB gene), which show a reduction in cold-induced sweetening ( carrying the Nt- Inhh, IIPv-INV gene) or which possess a dwarf phenotype (Gene A-20 oxidase).
  • Plants or plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as oilseed rape or related Brassica plants, with altered seed shattering characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation imparting such altered seed shattering characteristics and include plants such as oilseed rape plants with delayed or reduced seed shattering.
  • Particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated according to the invention are plants containing transformation events, or combination of transformation events, that are the subject of petitions for non- regulated status, in the United States of America, to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USD A) whether such petitions are granted or are still pending. At any time this information is readily available from APHIS (4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737, USA). On the filing date of this application the petitions for non-regulated status that were pending with APHIS or granted by APHIS were those which contains the following information:
  • Transgenic phenotype the trait conferred to the plants by the transformation event.
  • APHIS documents various documents published by APHIS in relation to the Petition and which can be requested with APHIS.
  • transgenic plants which may be treated according to the invention are plants which comprise one or more genes which encode one or more toxins, such as the following which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD® (for example maize, cotton, soya beans), KnockOut® (for example maize), BiteGard® (for example maize), Bt-Xtra® (for example maize), StarLink® (for example maize), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucotn® (cotton), Nu- cotn 33B®(cotton), NatureGard® (for example maize), Protecta® and NewLeaf® (potato).
  • YIELD GARD® for example maize, cotton, soya beans
  • KnockOut® for example maize
  • BiteGard® for example maize
  • Bt-Xtra® for example maize
  • StarLink® for example maize
  • Bollgard® cotton
  • Nucotn® cotton
  • Nu- cotn 33B® cotton
  • NatureGard® for example maize
  • herbicide- tolerant plants examples include maize varieties, cotton varieties and soya bean varieties which are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance to glyphosate, for example maize, cotton, soya bean), Liberty Link® (tolerance to phosphinotricin, for example oilseed rape), IMI® (tolerance to imidazolinones) and STS® (tolerance to sulphonylureas, for example maize).
  • Herbicide-resistant plants plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide tolerance
  • Clearfield® for example maize. Additional particularly useful plants containing single transformation events or combinations of transformation events are listed for example in the databases from various national or regional regulatory agencies.
  • the application rates can be varied within a broad range.
  • the dose of active compound/application rate usually applied in the method of treatment according to the invention is generally and advantageously • for treatment of part of plants, e.g. leafs (foliar treatment): from 0.1 to 10,000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 1,000 g/ha, more preferably from 50 to 300g/ha; in case of drench or drip application, the dose can even be reduced, especially while using inert substrates like rockwool or perlite;
  • the doses herein indicated are given as illustrative examples of the method according to the invention.
  • a person skilled in the art will know how to adapt the application doses, notably according to the nature of the plant or crop to be treated.
  • the combination according to the invention can be used in order to protect plants within a certain time range after the treatment against pests and/or phytopathogenic fungi and/or microorganisms.
  • the time range, in which protection is effected spans in general 1 to 28 days, preferably 1 to 14 days, more preferably 1 to 10 days, even more preferably 1 to 7 days after the treatment of the plants with the combinations or up to 200 days after the treatment of plant propagation material.
  • the invention is illustrated by - but not limited to - the examples below.
  • Example A Test Potato
  • the potato variety Shepody (JOi5 ⁇ ) was planted in zinc deficiency black soil (pH 8.35, available zinc content 0.34 ⁇ g/g in soil, organic material 8.86 %) in Gansu: altitude 2050 m, average temperature 16.4°C to 19.7°C, rainfall 18 mm to 43.3 mm, and relative humidity 34. 5% to 67.8 % during June to September.
  • Soluble protein content tested by method of Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 0.5g potato tuber tissue were ground in water (2 mL) and homogenized in 6 mL water. The homogenates were centrifuged at 4°C for 10 min at 4000 rpm, and the supernatant was used as a source of soluble protein. Then it was dyed with Coomassie brilliant blue G-250. The absorbance was measured at 595 nm. Protein content is expressed as ⁇ g/g fresh weight (FW).
  • Starch content test method 25 g potato tuber tissue were ground and dried at 80°C. The sample of 500 mg was extracted with ethanol (80 %) at 80°C for 10 min and the supernatant was removed.
  • Dry matter test method Potato tuber of 1000 g for each fresh sample was dried at 200°C in oven till the weight was stable. Dry matter content is expressed as percentage of weight.
  • Zinc content test method Referenced the National Standard of P.R. China: Determination of Zinc in Foods (GB/T 5009. 14-2003, ICS 67.040 C 53).
  • the yield and the nutrition quality of tuber has been determined after harvest.
  • P 1 2 nd class single weight of tuber >50 g
  • the soluble protein, starch content, zinc content and dry matter of potato tuber treated with Antracol shows a significant increase in comparison to the untreated control and the farmer's practice.
  • the rice variety Yang II you 6 (3 ⁇ 4 lltt;6 “ 3 ⁇ 4 " ) was planted on a 40 m 2 plot with a seeding rate of 22.5 kg/ha (3 replications per treatment).
  • the following treatments have been carried out using commercially available Antracol 70 WP (Propineb 700 g/kg) and the Zinc fertilizer ZnS0 4 .
  • the field management is conventional and similar among treatments:
  • the former crop is winter oil seed rape and the rice was seeded on June 15 th , 2010.
  • Fertilized before seeding with (NH 4 ) 2 P0 3 at rate of 300 kg/ha, KC1 at 150 kg/ha and CO(NH 2 ) 2 at 375 kg/ha.
  • Zinc content method Referenced the National Standard of P. R. China: Determination of Zinc in Foods (GB/T 5009. 14-2003, ICS 67.040 C 53).
  • the zinc content of leaf and gi rain at harvest was determined.
  • the soluble zinc content of rice leaf and grain shows a significant increase in comparison to the untreated control and the farmer's practice when the rice plants treated with Antracol.
  • the corn variety Fuyu No. 2 (g i ⁇ 2 ⁇ ) was planted on a 80 m 2 plot with a seeding rate of 60 kg/ha (3 replications per treatment) in the trial station of Tianjin Institute of Plant Protection.
  • the soil type is black soil with pH 7.5, organic material 7.54 %.
  • the following treatments have been carried out using commercially available Antracol 70 WP (Propineb 700 g/kg) and the zinc fertilizer ZnS0 4 .
  • the field management is conventional and similar among treatments:
  • the former crop is winter wheat and the wheat was seeded on June 22 nd , 2010; three-time irrigations during stem elongation period, tassel period and milking stage, respectively. Fertilized before seeding with (NH 4 ) 2 P0 3 at rate of 225 kg/ha, KCl at 150 kg/ha and CO(NH 2 ) 2 at 450 kg/ha.
  • Zinc content method Referenced the National Standard for Food safety of P. R. China: Determination of Zinc in Foods (GB/T 5009. 14-2003, issued by Ministry of Health of P. R. China . ICS 67.040 C 53).
  • the zinc content of leaf and gi rain at harvest was determined .
  • the soluble zinc content of corn leaf and grain shows a significant increase in comparison to the untreated control and the farmer's practice when the corn plants treated with Antracol.
  • the rice variety Danjing jiahua No. 1 ( ⁇ - M3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 41 ⁇ j ) was planted on a 30 m 2 plot with a seeding rate of 30 kg/ha (4 replications per treatment).
  • the following treatments have been carried out using commercially available Antracol 70 WP (Propineb 700 g/kg).
  • Crude protein content test method Referenced the National Standard for safety of P. R. China: Determination of Protein in Foods (GB/ 5009. 5-2010, issued by Ministry of Health of P. R. China. ICS 67.040 C 53).
  • Vitamin ⁇ test method Referenced the National Food Standard of P. R. China: Determination of Vitamin ⁇ for infants and young Children, milk and milk products (GB/ 5413. 11-2010, issued by Ministry of Health of P. R. China. ICS 67.040 C 53).
  • Vitamin B 2 test method Referenced the National Food Standard of P. R. China: Determination of Vitamin B 2 for infants and young Children, milk and milk products (GB/ 5413. 12-2010, issued by Ministry of Health of P. R. China. ICS 67.040 C 53).
  • Iron content method Referenced the National Food Standard of P. R. China: Determination of Iron, Magnesi- um and Manganese in Foods (GB/T 5009. 90-2003, issued by Ministry of Health of P. R. China. ICS 67.040 C 53).
  • the nutrition quality at harvest was determined.
  • Vitamin Bi (mg/100 g) 0.114 (100 %) 0.139 (122 %)
  • Vitamin B 2 (mg/100 g) 0.0524 (100 %) 0.0622 (119 %)
  • the corn variety Jiyuan No. 1 ( ⁇ 57 ⁇ ) was planted on a 50 m 2 plot with a seeding rate of 45 kg/ha (4 replications per treatment).
  • the following treatments have been carried out using commercially available Antracol 70 WP (Propineb 700 g/kg):
  • Vitamin E content test method Referenced the National for Food Standard of P. R. China: Determination of Vitamin A, D, E in Foods for infants and young Children, milk and milk products (GB/T 5413. 9-2010, issued by Ministry of Health of P. R. China. ICS 67.040 C 53).
  • Vitamin Bi test method Referenced the National Food Standard of P. R. China: Determination of Vitamin ⁇ for infants and young Children, milk and milk products (GB/ 5413. 11-2010, issued by Ministry of Health of P. R. China. ICS 67.040 C 53).
  • Vitamin B 2 test method Referenced the National Food Standard of P. R. China: Determination of Vitamin B 2 for infants and young Children, milk and milk products (GB/ 5413. 12-2010, issued by Ministry of Health of P. R. China. ICS 67.040 C 53).
  • Iron content method Referenced the National Food Standard of P. R. China: Determination of Iron, Magnesi- um and Manganese in Foods (GB/T 5009. 90-2003, issued by Ministry of Health of P. R. China. ICS 67.040 C 53).
  • the nutrition quality at harvest was determined.
  • Vitamin E (mg/100 g) 1.51 (100 %) 1.60 (106 %)
  • Vitamin Bi (mg/100 g) 0.118 (100 %) 0.128 (108 %)
  • Vitamin B 2 (mg/100 g) 0.0956 (100 %) 0.0962 (101 %)
  • the trial was performed in different vineyards (Vinha Grande de Algeruz [VGA]; Vinha das Faias [VF]; Vinha do Desembargador [VD] and Quinta dos Cistus [QC]), all located approximately 40 km south of Portugal, in the region of Peninsula de Setubal, in different type of soils (sandy and clay-chalky with zinc content between 1.1 and 0.5 ppm) and with different varieties.
  • the grape rootstocks were 41B (QC) and 1103-Paulsen in the remaining locations.
  • the age of the vineyards is between 1 year (QC) and 20 years (V G).
  • Table 1 Grape varieties, vineyard in the region of Peninsula de Setubal and characterization
  • the application was carried out with a knapsack sprayer.
  • the water volume was between 322 and 355 L/ha, whereas the concentration was adjusted to keep the fixed dose.
  • Both the treated and untreated plots comprised 2 blocks of 6 plants (12 in total).
  • Table 2 Grape varieties, vineyard and application timing at certain growth stages
  • Leaves were sampled on 18/08, for foliar analysis to evaluate the zinc content.
  • the organoleptic tasting was made by 4 professional wine tasters with more than 20 years of experience, who were unaware of the wines in cause. The wines were codified and distributed in an aleatory order. A differential tasting of Pair of Stimulus (Cover, 1936) was made, in which the wine taster was confronted with the treated and untreated plot and had to indicate the one of his preference.
  • X 2 is equal to 8.1, meaning that the preferences of the tasters by the modalities with Antracol reached a significance level of 5%.

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Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un nouveau procédé pour améliorer la qualité d'une plante, lequel procédé consiste à traiter la plante cultivée et/ou le lieu où la plante cultivée pousse ou est destinée à pousser et/ou les propagules de plante, par une quantité d'amélioration de qualité de plante d'un micronutriment contenant un principe actif.
PCT/EP2011/074075 2010-12-31 2011-12-27 Procédé d'amélioration de la qualité d'une plante WO2012089724A1 (fr)

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BR112013016837A BR112013016837A2 (pt) 2010-12-31 2011-12-27 método para melhorar a qualidade de uma planta
JP2013546695A JP6419427B2 (ja) 2010-12-31 2011-12-27 植物の質を改善する方法
MX2013007637A MX357244B (es) 2010-12-31 2011-12-27 Procedimiento para mejorar la calidad de las plantas.
CN201180068862.2A CN103562158B (zh) 2010-12-31 2011-12-27 提高植物质量的方法
EP11808218.9A EP2658830A1 (fr) 2010-12-31 2011-12-27 Procédé d'amélioration de la qualité d'une plante
KR1020137019977A KR101904054B1 (ko) 2010-12-31 2011-12-27 식물 품질의 개선 방법
ZA2013/05724A ZA201305724B (en) 2010-12-31 2013-07-29 Method for improving plant quality

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WO2015039983A1 (fr) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-26 Bayer Cropscience Ag Combinaisons de principes actifs
KR20160058803A (ko) * 2013-09-20 2016-05-25 바이엘 크롭사이언스 악티엔게젤샤프트 활성 화합물의 배합물
CN105764342A (zh) * 2013-09-20 2016-07-13 拜耳作物科学股份公司 活性化合物结合物
CN105764342B (zh) * 2013-09-20 2021-07-02 拜耳作物科学股份公司 活性化合物结合物
KR102334544B1 (ko) * 2013-09-20 2021-12-02 바이엘 크롭사이언스 악티엔게젤샤프트 활성 화합물의 배합물
JP2017178838A (ja) * 2016-03-30 2017-10-05 岡山県 植物ウイルスの防除剤
US10233134B2 (en) 2017-01-24 2019-03-19 Germains Seed Technology, Inc. Anti-fungal seed treatment formulations, treated seeds, and methods
US10427989B2 (en) 2017-01-24 2019-10-01 Germain Seed Technology, Inc. Anti-fungal seed treatment formulations, treated seeds, and methods
CN114208571A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-03-22 晴隆县小橙故事农业发展有限公司 一种利用环境逆性提高血橙和天门冬套种质量的方法

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EP2658830A1 (fr) 2013-11-06
ZA201305724B (en) 2015-01-28
KR20130132963A (ko) 2013-12-05
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