WO2011129414A1 - 液晶配向剤、それを用いた液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、それを用いた液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011129414A1 WO2011129414A1 PCT/JP2011/059309 JP2011059309W WO2011129414A1 WO 2011129414 A1 WO2011129414 A1 WO 2011129414A1 JP 2011059309 W JP2011059309 W JP 2011059309W WO 2011129414 A1 WO2011129414 A1 WO 2011129414A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- aligning agent
- crystal aligning
- polyimide
- diamine
- Prior art date
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 174
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 76
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- -1 polyol compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000006158 tetracarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical group NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- YCDUMXSNRLISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran-2,7-diamine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=C2C3=CC=C(N)C=C3OC2=C1 YCDUMXSNRLISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diimidazo[1,3-b:1',3'-e]pyrazine-5,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CN=CN2C(=O)C2=CN=CN12 UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDHRQQLXCXVEFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate;propyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O.CCCOC(=O)C(C)O JDHRQQLXCXVEFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWSKHLMYTZNYKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-1,7-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCN PWSKHLMYTZNYKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVIZIXAUJLNMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane-3,4,10,11-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)CCCCCC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)CCC IUVIZIXAUJLNMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;bromide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[Br-] IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-hydroxypropionate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBELKEREKFGFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[[4-(2-trimethoxysilylethyl)phenyl]methyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC1=CC=C(CNCCN)C=C1 HBELKEREKFGFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBKARQMATMRWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 OBKARQMATMRWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1N KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOBFTMLCEYUAQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C=C2C=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 DOBFTMLCEYUAQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTVNOVQHSGMMOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OC2=O)=C3C2=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C1=C32 YTVNOVQHSGMMOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXJVFQLYZSNZBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane-1,9-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCN SXJVFQLYZSNZBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFOIOXZLTXNHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1OC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C1C(O)=O UFOIOXZLTXNHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940116423 propylene glycol diacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- WOFKFNZIJZWWPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound C1=C2C(N)=CC(N)=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 WOFKFNZIJZWWPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWJJRQSAIMYXQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene-1,6-diamine Chemical compound C1=C2C(N)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=C(N)C=CC2=C1 OWJJRQSAIMYXQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLYOXQBERINFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene-1,8-diamine Chemical compound C1=C2C(N)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=C(N)C2=C1 BLYOXQBERINFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=N1 VHNQIURBCCNWDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002345 steroid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent that suppresses whitening and generation of foreign matter and does not decrease the pretilt angle, a liquid crystal alignment film using the same, and a liquid crystal display element.
- a liquid crystal display element has a structure in which liquid crystal molecules are sandwiched between liquid crystal alignment films formed on a substrate, and is a display element utilizing the fact that liquid crystal molecules aligned in a certain direction by a liquid crystal alignment film respond with voltage. is there.
- a liquid crystal alignment agent also referred to as a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent
- a method of forming a liquid crystal aligning agent coating film composed of a solution of a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid and imidizing on the substrate, and imidizing in advance. And using a solution containing a certain polyimide.
- the method using a polyimide-containing solution was able to form a polyimide film with good characteristics when used as a liquid crystal alignment film, even when firing at a relatively low temperature.
- the strength of the film is low, and the film surface is easily scratched or peeled off by an alignment process such as a rubbing process. Scratches and peeling on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film are important because they cause display defects when the liquid crystal display element is formed.
- polyimide is generally inferior in solubility in organic solvents compared to polyamic acid and the like, it may be difficult to form a uniform coating film, May become insoluble in a solvent usually used for a liquid crystal aligning agent and may be difficult to be contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. Therefore, the solubility of the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is also important.
- liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyimide when printing on a substrate or the like, polyimide is precipitated by moisture absorption, the varnish causes a whitening phenomenon, and surface roughness occurs in the resulting coating film. Furthermore, in the case of a liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyimide, the polyimide has poor adhesion to a printing plate such as APR (Asahi Photosensitive Resin), and the coating film is peeled off from the printing plate in the printing process and transferred to the substrate as it is. As a result, the peeled polyimide remains on the substrate as a foreign substance, which tends to agglomerate and cause gap unevenness.
- APR Adahi Photosensitive Resin
- a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a diamine component having a specific structure for improving the rubbing resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film and the solubility of polyimide has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). Further, as a method for suppressing the whitening phenomenon of varnish containing polyimide, it has been proposed to use a solvent having a high boiling point such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl pyrrolidone for 50% or more of the solvent so that the drying time can be suppressed. (See Patent Document 2).
- the whitening phenomenon in the liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyimide described above, the phenomenon of generating foreign matter on the substrate, and the decrease in the pretilt angle of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film have recently increased the size and resolution of liquid crystal display elements. Along with this, the demands for quality are becoming more and more important issues to be solved.
- the present invention suppresses the whitening phenomenon and the phenomenon of generating foreign matter on the substrate in the liquid crystal alignment agent containing polyimide, and further suppresses the decrease in the pretilt angle of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent that is also good.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. 1. A polyimide obtained by imidizing a polyamic acid obtained by reacting a diamine component and tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and a polyol compound having a tertiary nitrogen atom and a quaternary carbon atom and having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, A liquid crystal aligning agent characterized by containing. 2. The liquid crystal aligning agent according to 1 above, wherein the polyol compound is represented by the following formula (A).
- liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 4 above, wherein the diamine component is diaminobenzene having a disubstituted amino group substituted with an alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms. 6). 6. The liquid crystal aligning agent according to 5 above, wherein the diaminobenzene is a diamine represented by the following formula [1].
- k represents an integer of 1 to 20. 8).
- 10. A liquid crystal alignment film obtained by applying and baking the liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 9 above on a substrate with an electrode.
- 11. 11 A liquid crystal display device having the liquid crystal alignment film as described in 10 above.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention whitening phenomenon or foreign matter is generated on the substrate, and the phenomenon that the foreign matter aggregates to cause gap unevenness is suppressed, and further, the pretilt angle of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film is reduced.
- a liquid crystal alignment film that is suppressed and has good alignment properties can be obtained, and by using such a liquid crystal alignment film, a highly reliable liquid crystal display element can be produced with a high yield even in the case of large size and high definition.
- Mechanism of why the use of the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can suppress the phenomenon of whitening and the generation of foreign matter on the substrate, and further suppress the decrease in the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained. Is not necessarily clear, but is considered as follows.
- the polyol compound contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is resistant to whitening as a result of increasing the solubility of the polymer containing polyimide in water by forming a salt with the carboxylic acid group in the polymer. Is thought to improve. In addition, due to the presence of a large number of hydroxyl groups in the polyol compound, the adhesion between the polymer containing polyimide and the APR plate is improved, so that foreign matter is generated due to film peeling during printing and the resulting gap unevenness of the liquid crystal display element. It is thought that it can be suppressed.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains, as a polymer, a polyimide obtained by imidizing a polyamic acid obtained by reacting a diamine component with tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- a polyimide obtained by imidizing a polyamic acid obtained by reacting a diamine component with tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- the polyimide used for this invention is not specifically limited, It is obtained as follows.
- the diamine component (also simply referred to as diamine) used for obtaining the polyimide is not particularly limited.
- the diamine can be used alone or in combination, and the type is not limited. Examples of the diamine include alicyclic diamines, aromatic diamines, heterocyclic diamines, and aliphatic diamines. Specific examples are shown below.
- alicyclic diamines examples include 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldicyclohexylamine, and isophorone Examples include diamines.
- aromatic diamines examples include o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 3,5-diaminotoluene, 1,4-diamino -2-methoxybenzene, 2,5-diamino-p-xylene, 1,3-diamino-4-chlorobenzene, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 1,4-diamino-2,5-dichlorobenzene, 4,4 '-Diamino-1,2-diphenylethane, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-dimethylbibenzyl, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4′-diamin
- heterocyclic diamines examples include 2,6-diaminopyridine, 2,4-diaminopyridine, 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,7-diaminodibenzofuran, 3,6-diamino
- examples thereof include carbazole, 2,4-diamino-6-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,5-bis (4-aminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole.
- aliphatic diamines examples include 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1,6-diamino-2,5-dimethylhexane, 1,7- Diamino-2,5-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-4,4-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-3-methylheptane, 1,9-diamino-5-methylheptane, 1,12-diaminododecane 1,18-diaminooctadecan
- diaminobenzene having a disubstituted amino group substituted with an alkenyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms (hereinafter also referred to as a specific diamine) is preferably used as the diamine.
- a specific diamine is used, the solubility of the polymer is increased and the generation of foreign matters can be further suppressed.
- diaminobenzene having a disubstituted amino group substituted by a 2-propenyl group hereinafter also referred to as an allyl group represented by the following formula [1] is particularly preferable.
- the position of each substituent on the benzene ring is not particularly limited, but the positional relationship between the two amino groups is preferably meta or para.
- the more preferable specific example of this diamine is given below.
- the formula [2] is 2,4-diamino-N, N-diallylaniline
- the formula [3] is 3,5-diamino-N, N-diallylaniline
- the formula [4] is 2,5-diamino-N, N-diallylaniline.
- the diaminobenzene is at least one selected from the group consisting of [2], [3] and [4].
- the diaminobenzene is particularly preferably 2,4-diamino-N, N-diallylaniline.
- the diamine component used as a raw material for polyimide may be only a specific diamine, or a combination of a specific diamine and one or more of other diamines.
- the content of the specific diamine in the diamine component is preferably 20 mol (mol)% or more, more preferably 40 mol% or more, particularly 50 mol% or more.
- the higher the specific diamine content ratio in the diamine component the higher the effect of suppressing scratches on the alignment film surface and the film peeling during the rubbing treatment. Moreover, the solubility with respect to the organic solvent of the polyimide obtained also becomes high.
- the diamine component may be only the specific diamine, but it is preferable to use a diamine other than the specific diamine because other characteristics required for the liquid crystal alignment film can be imparted. Therefore, the content of the specific diamine is more preferably 90 mol% or less.
- the solubility of polyimide in an organic solvent is increased, and a liquid crystal aligning agent having excellent liquid crystal alignment is obtained. Therefore, it is particularly preferable.
- the preferred content of 4-aminobenzylamine, 3-aminobenzylamine, or 4-aminophenethylamine in the diamine component is 10 mol% to 50 mol%.
- a diamine having a specific substituent can be used in combination.
- the substituent capable of increasing the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal a long-chain alkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, an aromatic cyclic group, an aliphatic cyclic group, a combination of these, or a steroid skeleton group is preferable.
- the specific example of the diamine which has the said substituent is given to the following, it is not limited to this.
- j represents an integer of 5 to 20, preferably 9 to 17, and k represents an integer of 1 to 20, preferably 4 to 15.
- the diamines of the formulas [5] and [32] are preferable because of excellent liquid crystal alignment.
- the diamines represented by the formulas [12] to [19] have a very high tilting ability, and are therefore suitably used for OCB (Optically mp Compensated Bend) alignment films and VA (Vertical Alignment) alignment films.
- OCB Optically mp Compensated Bend
- VA Very Alignment
- the diamine of the formula [5] or [32] is 5 to 40 mol%, preferably 10 to 30 mol% in the diamine component.
- the diamine of formula [12] to [19] is contained in the diamine component in an amount of 5 to 60 mol%, preferably 10 to 40 mol%. Can be mentioned.
- the diamine of formula [32] is particularly preferable because it has a high tilt angle and is excellent in liquid crystal alignment even when the rubbing conditions are weak when used in combination with the specific diamine. . Furthermore, the effect of increasing the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal as described above tends to be weakened when the liquid crystal aligning agent contains a large amount of N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the diamine of the formula [32] has a characteristic that it is not easily affected by the above, and is suitable as a diamine component of the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component used as a raw material for polyimide may be one type of tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a mixture of two or more types of tetracarboxylic dianhydrides. good. However, even if it is a polyimide with a high imidization rate, a tetracarboxylic acid having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure can be obtained because it is easy to obtain a polyimide with relatively high solubility and the voltage holding ratio of the liquid crystal cell can be increased. It is preferable to use an acid dianhydride.
- Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutane.
- Tetracarboxylic dianhydride 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetra Carboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic Acid dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1-cyclohexylsuccinic dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride, 1, , 3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-dicyclo
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure examples include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4 Use of tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride or 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride is particularly preferable because an alignment film excellent in liquid crystal alignment can be obtained.
- Aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2 ′, 3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid Dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4-benzophenonetetra Carboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride And 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and the like.
- Aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include, among others, pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride Or 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride is particularly preferred.
- the ratio with the acid dianhydride is preferably 90/10 to 50/50, more preferably 80/20 to 60/40, as the molar ratio of the former / the latter.
- the polyimide used for the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is a polyimide which imidized the polyamic acid obtained by making the above-mentioned diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component react.
- the polyamic acid can be obtained by mixing and reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component in an organic solvent.
- a solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is used as it is or in an organic solvent.
- a method of adding by dispersing or dissolving in a solvent a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent, and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component. The method of adding alternately etc. are mentioned.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component or the diamine component is composed of a plurality of types of compounds, the plurality of types of components may be preliminarily mixed, or may be individually polymerized sequentially.
- the temperature at which the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component are subjected to a polymerization reaction in an organic solvent is usually 0 to 150 ° C., preferably 5 to 100 ° C., more preferably 10 to 80 ° C. When the temperature is higher, the polymerization reaction is completed earlier, but when it is too high, a high molecular weight polymer may not be obtained.
- the polymerization reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it will be difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution will become too high and uniform stirring will occur. Since it becomes difficult, the concentration of the total amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the polymerization reaction may be performed at a high concentration, and then an organic solvent may be added.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as the produced polyamic acid can be dissolved, but N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, or other solvent is used. Also good. Specific examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, pyridine, dimethylsulfone, hexamethylphosphoric acid. Triamide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone and the like can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination.
- the solvent does not dissolve the polyamic acid, it may be used by mixing with the above solvent as long as the produced polyamic acid does not precipitate.
- water in the organic solvent inhibits the polymerization reaction and further causes hydrolysis of the generated polyamic acid, it is preferable to use a dehydrated and dried organic solvent as much as possible.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component used for the polymerization reaction of the polyamic acid is preferably 1: 0.8 to 1: 1.2 in molar ratio, and this molar ratio is close to 1: 1.
- the molecular weight of the polyamic acid obtained increases. By controlling the molecular weight of this polyamic acid, the molecular weight of the polyimide obtained after imidation can be adjusted.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the strength of the coating film and the ease of handling as the liquid crystal aligning agent, the weight average molecular weight is 2,000 to 200,000. It is preferably 5,000 to 50,000.
- the imidization of the polyamic acid obtained as described above can be performed by stirring in an organic solvent for 1 to 100 hours in the presence of a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride.
- Examples of basic catalysts include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, and trioctylamine. Of these, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. Among them, acetic anhydride is preferable because the obtained polyimide can be easily purified after imidization.
- As an organic solvent the solvent used at the time of the polyamic acid polymerization reaction mentioned above can be used.
- the imidation ratio of polyimide can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the amount of the basic catalyst at this time is preferably 0.2 to 10 times mol, more preferably 0.5 to 5 times mol of the amic acid group of the starting polyamic acid.
- the amount of the acid anhydride is preferably 1 to 30 times mol, more preferably 1 to 10 times mol of the amic acid group of the starting polyamic acid.
- the reaction temperature is preferably ⁇ 20 to 250 ° C., more preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the imidization ratio of the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 40% or more in consideration of electrical characteristics, and more preferably 60% or more in order to obtain a high voltage holding ratio. More preferably, it is 80% or more. Since the added catalyst or the like remains in the polyimide solution thus obtained, the polyimide is preferably recovered and washed before use in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention.
- the polyimide can be recovered by putting the solution after imidization into a poor solvent that is being stirred and precipitating the polyimide, followed by filtration.
- the poor solvent at this time include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, and benzene.
- the recovered polyimide can also be washed with this poor solvent.
- the polyimide recovered and washed in this way can be powdered by drying at normal temperature or under reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a polyol compound having tertiary nitrogen and quaternary carbon.
- a polyol compound needs to have tertiary nitrogen and quaternary carbon, and when it does not have both, the above-mentioned object of the present invention is not achieved or the degree to which it is achieved becomes small.
- the above-described object of the present invention is achieved in the case of triethanolamine having a plurality of hydroxyl groups and a tertiary nitrogen atom but not having a quaternary carbon atom. Not.
- the total carbon number of the polyol compound needs to be 3 to 15, preferably 3 to 13, and more preferably 6 to 12.
- the number of hydroxyl groups possessed by the polyol compound is important, and the number of hydroxyl groups is preferably 2 to 8, more preferably 2 to 7, and particularly preferably 2 to 5.
- the number of tertiary nitrogen atoms and quaternary carbon atoms may be one or more, preferably 5 or less, and more preferably 3 or less.
- the polyol compound preferably has an aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon structure. However, when the total number of carbon atoms is large, the polyol compound may partially have an unsaturated bond, and may partially have a cyclic structure. You may have a structure.
- Such a polyol compound is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (A).
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently It represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Preferable examples of the compound represented by the formula (A) include the following compounds.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention comprises the aforementioned polyimide as a polymer component, a polyol compound having tertiary nitrogen and quaternary carbon as an additional component, and these are dissolved in a solvent.
- the content of the polyol compound with respect to the polyimide in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyimide.
- the content (concentration) of the polyimide in the liquid crystal aligning agent can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film to be formed, but the solvent is preferably 9 to 99 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the polyimide.
- the amount is preferably 11.5 to 49 parts by mass.
- the content of the solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 90 to 99% by mass, more preferably 92 to 98 parts by mass with respect to the entire liquid crystal aligning agent.
- examples thereof include sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, dimethylsulfone, hexamethylsulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, and ⁇ -butyrolactone are preferably used because of the high solubility of polyimide.
- ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferably used for suppressing whitening.
- the coating film is whitened and the film thickness is uneven near the printing edge. Since it can suppress, it is preferable.
- the amount of these solvents is 0.5 parts by mass or more with respect to 1 part by mass of the polymer, an improvement effect for suppressing the generation of aggregates is observed, preferably 1 to 80 parts by weight, more preferably 2 parts by weight. ⁇ 70 parts by weight.
- the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may be a mixture of two or more kinds of polyimides having different structures, does not impair electrical characteristics, does not deteriorate the storage stability of the varnish, and is printed.
- a polyamic acid or other polymer may be used in combination so as not to generate aggregates that sometimes cause gap unevenness in the liquid crystal panel.
- the amount of the polymer used in combination is preferably 0.05 to 7 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 4 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the polyimide.
- the content of the polymer containing polyimide in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 2 to 8% by mass, based on the entire liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the solvent which has a low surface tension can also partially contain.
- Solvents having low surface tension include ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 1-butoxy- 2-propanol, 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol diacetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether-2-acetate, propylene glycol-1-mono Ethyl ether-2-acetate, dipropylene glycol, 2- (2-ethoxy
- a solvent having a low surface tension improves the coating property to the substrate, but if the amount is too large, precipitation of the polymer occurs, so the content is preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less of the solvent component. It is.
- the more preferable content of each solvent is 5 to 70% by mass of the solvent for ensuring the solubility of the resin component.
- the solvent having a low surface tension is 10 to 60% by mass, more preferably the solvent for ensuring the solubility of the resin component is 10 to 45% by mass, and the solvent having a low surface tension is 20 to 50% by mass. %.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention includes silane couplings such as 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl) phenethyltrimethoxysilane, and the like. Agents. By adding these silane coupling agents, the adhesion of the coating film to the substrate can be further improved.
- the content of the silane coupling agent is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer.
- the preparation method of the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention will not be specifically limited if each component including above-mentioned polyimide will be in a uniform state in a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- One example is a method in which polyimide powder is dissolved in a solvent to obtain a polyimide solution, and then the solvent is added to a desired concentration for dilution. In this dilution step, adjustment of the solvent composition for controlling the coating property to the substrate, addition of an additive for improving the properties of the coating film, and the like can be performed.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent obtained as described above is preferably filtered before being applied to the substrate.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention can be made into a coating film by apply
- the substrate to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate, a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used, and an ITO electrode for driving a liquid crystal is formed. It is preferable to use a new substrate from the viewpoint of simplification of the process.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as only one substrate is used. In this case, a material that reflects light such as metal aluminum can be used as the electrode.
- Examples of the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent include a spin coating method, a printing method, and an ink jet method, but the flexographic printing method is widely used industrially from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention Are also preferably used.
- the drying process after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not necessarily required, but if the time from application to baking is not constant for each substrate, or if baking is not performed immediately after application, a drying process is included. Is preferred.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is evaporated to such an extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by the conveyance of the substrate or the like.
- a method of drying on a hot plate at 50 to 150 ° C., preferably 80 to 120 ° C., for 0.5 to 30 minutes, preferably 1 to 5 minutes is employed.
- the substrate coated with the liquid crystal aligning agent can be baked at an arbitrary temperature of 100 to 350 ° C., preferably 150 to 300 ° C., more preferably 180 to 250 ° C.
- the calcination temperature changes from an amic acid to an imide, but in this case, it is not always necessary to 100% imidize.
- the thickness of the coating film after baking is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered, so that it is preferably 10 to 200 nm, more preferably 50 to 100 nm.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element obtained by obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention by the method described above, and then preparing a liquid crystal cell by a known method.
- an alignment treatment direction is 0 to 270 ° with a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed, preferably with a spacer of 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a method is generally used in which the angle is set at an arbitrary angle, the periphery is fixed with a sealant, and liquid crystal is injected and sealed.
- the method for enclosing the liquid crystal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vacuum method of injecting liquid crystal after reducing the pressure inside the produced liquid crystal cell, and a dropping method of sealing after dropping the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal display elements thus obtained include various types such as TN liquid crystal display elements, STN liquid crystal display elements, TFT liquid crystal display elements, OCB liquid crystal display elements, lateral electric field type liquid crystal display elements, and VA liquid crystal display elements. It is suitably used for a display element by the method.
- B-2 3-Aminobenzylamine
- B-3 4- (trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl) benzamide-2 ′, 4′-phenylenediamine
- B-4 4-Tetradecyloxy-1,3-diaminobenzene
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- NEP N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- DMI 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone
- BS Butyl cellosolve
- the molecular weight of the polyimide was measured with a GPC (normal temperature gel permeation chromatography) apparatus, and the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight were calculated as polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide equivalent values.
- GPC device manufactured by Shodex (GPC-101) Column: manufactured by Shodex (series of KD803 and KD805) Column temperature: 50 ° C Eluent: N, N-dimethylformamide (as additives, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr ⁇ H 2 O) is 30 mmol / l, phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystal (o-phosphoric acid) is 30 mmol / l, tetrahydrofuran (THF) is 10 ml / l) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Standard sample for preparing calibration curve: TSK standard polyethylene oxide (weight average molecular weight: about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and polyethylene manufactured by Polymer Laboratories Glycol (weight average molecular weight about 12,000, 4,000, 1,000).
- TSK standard polyethylene oxide weight average molecular weight: about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000
- the imidation ratio of polyimide was measured as follows. 20 mg of polyimide powder was put into an NMR sample tube, and 0.53 ml of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 , 0.05% TMS mixed product) was added and completely dissolved. This solution was measured for proton NMR at 500 MHz with an NMR measuring instrument (JNM-ECA500) manufactured by JEOL Datum. The imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid that appears around 9.5 to 10.0 ppm.
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid
- y is the peak integrated value of the reference proton
- ⁇ is one NH group proton of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%).
- Example 1 As a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, 13.1 g (0.069 mol) of A-1, 6.54 g (0.030 mol) of A-2, and 6.10 g (0.030 mol) of B-1 as a diamine component ), 4.89 g (0.040 mol) of B-2, 9.62 g (0.030 mol) of B-4, and reacted in 162.7 g of NMP at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
- the polyamic acid solution 142.8 g was diluted with 255.64 g of NMP, and 20.64 g of acetic anhydride and 8.8 g of pyridine were added and reacted at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 3 hours to imidize.
- the reaction solution was cooled to about room temperature and then poured into 1498.8 ml of methanol to recover the precipitated solid.
- the solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at a temperature of 100 ° C. to obtain a white powder of polyimide (SPI-1).
- the number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 13,653, and the weight average molecular weight was 33,847.
- the imidation ratio was 90%.
- 65 g of GBL was added to 5 g of the obtained polyimide SPI-1 powder and completely dissolved, and then 30 g of BS was added and stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring. After returning this to room temperature, 0.25 g of Compound-1 was added and stirred for 3 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Example 2 65 g of NMP was added to 5 g of polyimide SPI-1 powder and completely dissolved, and then 30 g of BS was added and stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 24 hours. The polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring. After returning this to room temperature, 0.25 g of Compound-1 was added and stirred for 3 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Example 3 65 g of NEP was added to 5 g of polyimide SPI-1 powder and completely dissolved, and then 30 g of BS was added and stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 24 hours. The polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring. After returning this to room temperature, 0.25 g of Compound-1 was added and stirred for 3 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Example 4 As tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, A-1 (8.18 g (42 mmol)), A-2 (1.63 g (7.5 mmol)), and diamine component (B-2) 1.22 g (10 mmol) were used. Using 5.08 g (25 mmol) of B-1 and 6.11 g (15 mmol) of B-3, the mixture was reacted in 88.96 g of NMP at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution. 228.5 g of NMP was added to 95.8 g of this polyamic acid solution for dilution, 15.1 g of acetic anhydride and 6.4 g of pyridine were added, and the mixture was reacted at 50 ° C. for 3 hours to imidize.
- the reaction solution was cooled to about room temperature and then poured into 1259.1 ml of methanol to recover the precipitated solid. Further, the solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at a temperature of 100 ° C. to obtain a white powder of soluble polyimide (SPI-2).
- SPI-2 soluble polyimide
- the number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 18,195, and the weight average molecular weight was 57,063.
- the imidation ratio was 93%.
- 65 g of GBL was added to 5 g of the obtained polyimide SPI-2 powder and completely dissolved, and then 30 g of BS was added and stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 24 hours. The polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring. After returning this to room temperature, 0.25 g of Compound-1 was added and stirred for 3 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Example 5 65 g of NMP was added to 5 g of polyimide SPI-2 powder and completely dissolved, then 30 g of BS was added and stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 24 hours. The polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring. After returning this to room temperature, 0.25 g of Compound-1 was added and stirred for 3 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Example 6 65 g of NEP was added to 5 g of polyimide SPI-2 powder and completely dissolved, then 30 g of BS was added and stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 24 hours. The polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring. After returning this to room temperature, 0.25 g of Compound-1 was added and stirred for 3 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Example 7 65 g of GBL was added to 5 g of polyimide SPI-1 powder and completely dissolved, then 30 g of BS was added and stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 24 hours. The polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring. After returning this to room temperature, 0.25 g of compound-2 was added and stirred for 3 hours.
- Example 8 65 g of NMP was added to 5 g of polyimide SPI-1 powder and completely dissolved, and then 30 g of BS was added and stirred at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 24 hours. The polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring. After returning this to room temperature, 0.25 g of compound-2 was added and stirred for 3 hours.
- liquid crystal aligning agents obtained in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were measured for chilled angles, evaluated for whitening characteristics, and evaluated for foreign matters during printing as described below. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is spin-coated on a glass substrate with a transparent electrode, dried on a hot plate at a temperature of 70 ° C. for 70 seconds, and then baked on a hot plate at 210 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a coating film having a thickness of 100 nm. I let you.
- This coating film surface was rubbed with a rubbing apparatus having a roll diameter of 120 mm using a rayon cloth under the conditions of a roll rotation speed of 1000 rpm, a roll traveling speed of 50 mm / sec, and an indentation amount of 0.3 mm to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Printing was performed using the same apparatus as described above. After performing the idling 10 times, the printing machine was stopped for 10 minutes and the printing plate was dried. Thereafter, one Cr substrate was printed and fired in the same manner as described above. The fired substrate was observed in the vicinity of the printing edge with a confocal laser microscope (trade name: VL2000, manufactured by Lasertec Corporation), and no foreign matter was generated near the printing edge. ⁇ was evaluated as x when a foreign matter of 3 ⁇ m or more was generated. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the value in parentheses in the table represents the value of decrease in pretilt angle when compared to the GBL main solvent system.
- the liquid crystal display element produced using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be a highly reliable liquid crystal display device, such as a TN liquid crystal display element, an STN liquid crystal display element, a TFT liquid crystal display element, an OCB liquid crystal display element, It is suitably used for display elements using various methods.
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Abstract
Description
かかるポリイミド膜を電極付き基板上に形成させる手段としては、ポリアミック酸などのポリイミド前駆体の溶液からなる液晶配向剤の塗膜を作成し、基板上でイミド化させる方法と、予め、イミド化させてあるポリイミドを含む溶液を使用する方法とがある。
一方、ポリイミドを含む溶液を使用する方法は、ポリイミドが、ポリアミック酸などと比較して一般的に有機溶媒への溶解性に劣るため、均一な塗膜の形成が困難になる場合があり、更には液晶配向剤に通常使用される溶媒に対して不溶化し、液晶配向剤中に含有させることが困難になることも起こりうる。従って、液晶配向剤中に含有させるポリイミドの溶解性も重要となる。
さらに、ポリイミドを含有する液晶配向剤の場合、ポリイミドがAPR(Asahi Photosensitive Resin)などの印刷版とも密着性が悪く、印刷工程において印刷版から塗膜が剥がれてしまい、そのまま基板に転写されることにより、剥がれたポリイミドが異物として基板上に残り、これが凝集しギャップムラを生じるという問題が起こりやすい。
本発明は、ポリイミドを含有する液晶配向剤における、これらの白化現象や、基板上に異物を発生する現象を抑制し、さらには、得られる液晶配向膜のプレチルト角の低下を抑制し、配向性も良好である液晶配向剤を提供することを目的とする。
1.ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸をイミド化して得られるポリイミドと、3級窒素原子及び4級炭素原子を有する炭素数が3~15のポリオール化合物と、を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
2.ポリオール化合物が、下記の式(A)で表される、上記1に記載の液晶配向剤。
3.ポリオール化合物が、水酸基を2~8個有する上記1又は2に記載の液晶配向剤。
4.ポリイミドを1~10質量%含有し、かつポリオール化合物をポリイミド100質量部に対し0.1~10質量部を含有する上記1~3のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
5.ジアミン成分が、炭素数2又は3のアルケニル基で置換されたジ置換アミノ基を有するジアミノベンゼンである、上記1~4のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
6.ジアミノベンゼンが、下記の式[1]で表されるジアミンである、上記5に記載の液晶配向剤。
本発明の液晶配向剤の使用により、何故に、白化現象や、基板上に異物を発生する現象を抑制し、さらには、得られる液晶配向膜のプレチルト角の低下を抑制し得るかについてのメカニズムは必ずしも明らかではないが、ほぼ次のように考えられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有されるポリオール化合物は、その有する3級アミンがポリマー中のカルボン酸基と塩を形成することにより、ポリイミドを含むポリマーの水に対する溶解性が上がる結果、白化に対する耐性が向上するものと考えられる。また、ポリオール化合物の有する多数の水酸基の存在により、ポリイミドを含むポリマーとAPR版との密着性が向上することにより、印刷時の膜剥がれによる異物の発生と、それに伴う液晶表示素子のギャップムラが抑えられるものと考えられる。
ポリイミドを得るのに用いられるジアミン成分(単に、ジアミンともいう。)は特に限定されない。そのジアミンは一種でも複数種でも併用可能であり、種類は限定されない。ジアミンの種類としては、脂環式ジアミン、芳香族ジアミン類、複素環式ジアミン類または脂肪族ジアミンが例示される。以下にその具体例を示す。
本発明において、ポリイミドの原料となるテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分は、1種類のテトラカルボン酸二無水物であってもよく、2種類以上のテトラカルボン酸二無水物を混合して用いても良い。
しかしながら、高イミド化率のポリイミドであっても比較的溶解性の高いポリイミドが得やすい点、及び液晶セルの電圧保持率を高くできる点などから、脂環式構造又は脂肪族構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物を用いることが好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤に用いられるポリイミドは、上記したジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸をイミド化したポリイミドである。ここで、ポリアミック酸は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とジアミン成分とを有機溶媒中で混合し、反応させることで得ることができる。
上記のようにして得られたポリアミック酸のイミド化は、有機溶媒中において、塩基性触媒と酸無水物の存在下で1~100時間攪拌することにより可能である。
このようにして得られたポリイミドの溶液中には、添加した触媒などが残存しているので、ポリイミドを回収し、洗浄してから本発明の液晶配向剤に用いることが好ましい。
このようにして回収し洗浄したポリイミドは、常圧あるいは減圧下で、常温あるいは加熱乾燥して粉末とすることができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤には、3級窒素及び4級炭素を有するポリオール化合物が含有される。かかるポリオール化合物は、3級窒素及び4級炭素を有することが必要であり、その両方を有しない場合、本発明の上記した目的が達成されないか、又は達成される程度が小さくなる。例えば、後に記載される比較例に示されるように、複数の水酸基及び3級窒素原子を有していても、4級炭素原子を有しないトリエタノールアミンの場合は本発明の上記した目的が達成されない。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、前記したポリイミドをポリマー成分とし、3級窒素及び4級炭素を有するポリオール化合物を添加成分とし、これらを溶媒に溶解してなるものである。液晶配向剤におけるポリイミドに対するポリオール化合物の含有量は、ポリイミド100質量部に対して、0.1~10質量部が好ましく、0.5~5質量部がより好ましい。ポリオール化合物が過度に含有される場合には、得られる液晶表示素子の特性が悪くなり、逆に、少な過ぎる場合には、本発明で目的とする効果が小さい。
低表面張力を有する溶媒としては、エチルセロソルブ、ブチルセロソルブ、エチルカルビトール、ブチルカルビトール、エチルカルビトールアセテート、エチレングリコール、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール、1-エトキシ-2-プロパノール、1-ブトキシ-2-プロパノール、1-フェノキシ-2-プロパノール、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノアセテート、プロピレングリコールジアセテート、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール-1-モノメチルエーテル-2-アセテート、プロピレングリコール-1-モノエチルエーテル-2-アセテート、ジプロピレングリコール、2-(2-エトキシプロポキシ)プロパノール、乳酸メチルエステル、乳酸エチルエステル、乳酸n-プロピルエステル、乳酸n-ブチルエステル、乳酸イソアミルエステルなどが挙げられる。この中でも基板への塗布性の観点から、ブチルセロソルブ、エチルカルビトール、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、またはジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテルが特に好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤の調製方法は、上記したポリイミドを始めとする各成分が液晶配向剤中で均一な状態となるならば特に限定されない。その一例を挙げると、ポリイミドの粉末を溶媒に溶解させてポリイミド溶液とし、次いで、所望の濃度まで溶媒を添加して希釈する方法などである。この希釈工程において、基板への塗布性を制御する為の溶媒組成の調整や、塗膜の特性を改善する為の添加物の追加などを行うことができる。上記のようにして得られた液晶配向剤は、基板に塗布する前に濾過することが好ましい。
この際、用いる基板としては透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板などのプラスチック基板などを用いることができ、液晶駆動のためのITO電極などが形成された基板を用いることがプロセスの簡素化の観点から好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極は金属アルミニウム等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。
液晶配向剤を塗布した後の乾燥の工程は、必ずしも必要とされないが、塗布後から焼成までの時間が基板ごとに一定していない場合や、塗布後ただちに焼成されない場合には、乾燥工程を含める方が好ましい。この乾燥は、基板の搬送等により塗膜形状が変形しない程度に溶媒が蒸発していれば良く、その乾燥手段については特に限定されない。具体例を挙げるならば、50~150℃、好ましくは80~120℃のホットプレート上で、0.5~30分、好ましくは1~5分乾燥させる方法がとられる。
焼成後の塗膜の厚みは、厚すぎると液晶表示素子の消費電力の面で不利となり、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、好ましくは10~200nm、より好ましくは50~100nmである。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記した手法により本発明の液晶配向剤から液晶配向膜付き基板を得た後、公知の方法で液晶セルを作製し、液晶表示素子としたものである。液晶セルの作製の一例を挙げるならば、液晶配向膜の形成された1対の基板を、好ましくは1~30μm、より好ましくは2~10μmのスペーサーを挟んで、配向処理方向が0~270°の任意の角度となるように設置して周囲をシール剤で固定し、液晶を注入して封止する方法が一般的である。液晶封入の方法については特に制限されず、作製した液晶セル内を減圧にした後液晶を注入する真空法、液晶を滴下した後封止を行う滴下法などが例示できる。
実施例及び比較例で使用する略号は以下の通りである。
<テトラカルボン酸二無水物>
A-1: 1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
A-2: ピロメリット酸二無水物
NMP: N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
NEP: N-エチル-2-ピロリドン
GBL: γ-ブチロラクトン
DMI:1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン
BS: ブチルセロソルブ
ポリイミドの分子量は、該ポリイミドをGPC(常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置によって測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド換算値として数平均分子量と重量平均分子量を算出した。
GPC装置:Shodex社製 (GPC-101)
カラム:Shodex社製 (KD803、KD805の直列)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/l、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/l、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/l)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(重量平均分子量 約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(重量平均分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
ポリイミドのイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS混合品)0.53mlを添加し、完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製NMR測定器(JNM-ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い次式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミック酸のNH基プロトン一個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、A-1を13.53g(0.069mol)、A-2を6.54g(0.030mol)、ジアミン成分として、B-1を6.10g(0.030mol)、B-2を4.89g(0.040mol)、B-4を9.62g(0.030mol)用い、NMP162.7g中、室温で24時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液142.8gに、NMPを255.64g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸20.64gとピリジン8.8gを加え、温度50℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。
この得られたポリイミドSPI-1粉末5gにGBLを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。これを室温に戻した後、化合物-1を0.25g加え3時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。
ポリイミドSPI-1粉末5gにNMPを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。これを室温に戻した後、化合物-1を0.25g加え3時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。
(実施例3)
ポリイミドSPI-1粉末5gにNEPを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。これを室温に戻した後、化合物-1を0.25g加え3時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、A-1を8.18g(42mmol)、A-2を1.63g(7.5mmol)、ジアミン成分として、B-2を1.22g(10mmol)を用い、B-1を5.08g(25mmol)、B-3を6.11g(15mmol)、を用い、NMP88.96g中、室温で24時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液95.8gに、NMPを228.5g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸15.1gとピリジン6.4gを加え、温度50℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。
得られたポリイミドSPI-2粉末5gにGBLを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。これを室温に戻した後、化合物-1を0.25g加え3時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。
ポリイミドSPI-2粉末5gにNMPを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。これを室温に戻した後、化合物-1を0.25g加え3時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。
(実施例6)
ポリイミドSPI-2粉末5gにNEPを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。これを室温に戻した後、化合物-1を0.25g加え3時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。
ポリイミドSPI-1粉末5gにGBLを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。これを室温に戻したのち、化合物-2を0.25g加え3時間攪拌した。
(実施例8)
ポリイミドSPI-1粉末5gにNMPを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。これを室温に戻したのち、化合物-2を0.25g加え3時間攪拌した。
(比較例1)
ポリイミドSPI-1粉末5gにGBLを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
(比較例2)
ポリイミドSPI-1粉末5gにNMPを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
ポリイミドSPI-1粉末5gにNEPを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
(比較例4)
ポリイミドSPI-1粉末5gにGBLを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。これを室温に戻した後、化合物-3を0.25g加え3時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。
(比較例5)
ポリイミドSPI-1粉末5gにNMPを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。これを室温に戻したのち、化合物-3を0.25g加え3時間攪拌した。
ポリイミドSPI-2粉末5gにGBLを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
(比較例7)
ポリイミドSPI-2粉末5gにNEPを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
ポリイミドSPI-2粉末5gにGBLを65g加え完全に溶解した後にBSを30g加え、温度50℃で24時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。これを室温に戻した後、化合物-4を0.25g加え3時間攪拌して液晶配向剤を得た。
液晶配向処理剤を透明電極付きガラス基板にスピンコートし、温度70℃のホットプレート上で70秒乾燥させた後、210℃のホットプレートで10分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜面をロール径120mmのラビング装置でレーヨン布を用いて、ロール回転数1000rpm、ロール進行速度50mm/sec、押し込み量0.3mmの条件でラビングし、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。この基板を2枚用意し、その1枚の液晶配向膜面上に6μmのスペーサーを散布し、その上からシール剤を印刷し、もう1枚の基板を液晶配向膜面が向き合いラビング方向が直行するようにして張り合わせた後、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶MLC-2003(メルク・ジャパン社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して、ツイストネマティック液晶セルを得た。
上記方法にて得られた液晶セルを用いてプレチルト角の測定を行った。測定にはautronic社製のTBA107を用いた。
上記の液晶配向剤を、Cr基板上にそれぞれ約0.1ml滴下し、温度23℃、湿度70%の環境に放置した。この液滴の端近傍及び中央付近を1時間ごとに顕微鏡で観察した。なお、液滴の端近傍は100倍で、液滴の中央付近は50倍の倍率で観察を行った。6時間以内に液滴の端及び中央付近に凝集物が見られた場合は×、6時間経過しても見られない場合を○とし、6時間以内に液滴の端に僅かではあるが凝集物が見られた場合を△と評価した。結果を表2に記載した。
<印刷時の異物評価>
上記と同様な装置を用いて、印刷を実施した。空運転を10回実施した後、10分間印刷機を止め、印刷版を乾燥させた。その後、Cr基板1枚印刷し、上記と同様に焼成した。焼成した基板は共焦点レーザー顕微鏡(レーザーテック社製、商品名:VL2000) で印刷エッジ付近を観察し、印刷エッジ付近に、異物が発生していないものを0.1~3μmの異物が発生したものを△、3μm以上の異物が発生したものを×と評価した。結果を表2に記載した。
Claims (13)
- ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸をイミド化して得られるポリイミドと、3級窒素原子及び4級炭素原子を有する炭素数が3~15のポリオール化合物と、を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
- ポリオール化合物が、水酸基を2~8個有する化合物である請求項1又は2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- ポリオール化合物をポリイミド100質量部に対し0.1~10質量部を含有する請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- ジアミン成分が、炭素数2又は3のアルケニル基で置換されたジ置換アミノ基を有するジアミノベンゼンである、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- 式[1]で表されるジアミンを、全ジアミン成分中20~90モル%含有する請求項7又は8のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- さらに、式[32]で表されるジアミンが、全ジアミン成分中5~40モル%含有される、請求項8又は9のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- ポリイミドを含むポリマーの含有量が、溶媒を含む液晶配向剤中、1~10質量%である請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤を電極付き基板上に塗布、焼成して得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項12に記載の液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子。
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JPWO2013035803A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-08 | 2015-03-23 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向処理剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
WO2015156314A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-10-15 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
KR20220147083A (ko) | 2020-02-26 | 2022-11-02 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 폴리이미드 바니시 |
WO2023157876A1 (ja) | 2022-02-17 | 2023-08-24 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
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KR101973192B1 (ko) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-04-26 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 액정 배향제 조성물, 이를 이용한 액정 배향막의 제조 방법, 및 이를 이용한 액정 배향막 |
CN111647412A (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-11 | 江苏三月科技股份有限公司 | 液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜以及液晶显示元件 |
CN111575023B (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2022-03-01 | 江苏三月科技股份有限公司 | 一种化合物添加剂及其制备的液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜 |
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WO2015156314A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-10-15 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
CN106232733A (zh) * | 2014-04-09 | 2016-12-14 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜和液晶表示元件 |
JPWO2015156314A1 (ja) * | 2014-04-09 | 2017-04-13 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
CN106232733B (zh) * | 2014-04-09 | 2018-12-18 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜和液晶表示元件 |
KR20220147083A (ko) | 2020-02-26 | 2022-11-02 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 폴리이미드 바니시 |
WO2023157876A1 (ja) | 2022-02-17 | 2023-08-24 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
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