WO2010126108A1 - ケイ素系液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
ケイ素系液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010126108A1 WO2010126108A1 PCT/JP2010/057623 JP2010057623W WO2010126108A1 WO 2010126108 A1 WO2010126108 A1 WO 2010126108A1 JP 2010057623 W JP2010057623 W JP 2010057623W WO 2010126108 A1 WO2010126108 A1 WO 2010126108A1
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- liquid crystal
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- aligning agent
- alkoxysilane
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 190
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 27
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
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- KBQVDAIIQCXKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C=C KBQVDAIIQCXKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001951 carbamoylamino group Chemical group C(N)(=O)N* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
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- XDQWJFXZTAWJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-triethoxysilylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOC(=O)C=C XDQWJFXZTAWJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 26
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- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
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- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- FZMJEGJVKFTGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(octadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC FZMJEGJVKFTGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GPAAEXYTRXIWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-methylpiperidin-1-ium-1-yl)methanesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C[N+]1(C)CCCCC1 GPAAEXYTRXIWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVNLBBGBASVLLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-triethoxysilylpropylurea Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNC(N)=O LVNLBBGBASVLLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- INJVFBCDVXYHGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNCCN INJVFBCDVXYHGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSNJSTXFSLBBPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(trimethoxysilylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CNCCN CSNJSTXFSLBBPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CO WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CCO RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLOBUAZSRIOKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CCCO GLOBUAZSRIOKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLMFDCKSFJWJTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)C(C)O XLMFDCKSFJWJTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)O GTCCGKPBSJZVRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UCSBCWBHZLSFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCO[SiH](OCCCC)OCCCC UCSBCWBHZLSFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPCXHCSZMTWUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CCC(F)(F)F BPCXHCSZMTWUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBSUMMHIJNZMRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(2-phenylethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 VBSUMMHIJNZMRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3-isocyanatopropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN=C=O FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXOGQBSDPSMHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(6-methylheptyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCC(C)C HXOGQBSDPSMHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJJXVFCJVQEXHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(heptadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC IJJXVFCJVQEXHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJEYUFMTCHLQQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(naphthalen-1-yl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)=CC=CC2=C1 ZJEYUFMTCHLQQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZIAQVMNAXPCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)COC(=O)C(C)=C UZIAQVMNAXPCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)F JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSOVVFMGSCDMIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(naphthalen-1-yl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([Si](OC)(OC)OC)=CC=CC2=C1 ZSOVVFMGSCDMIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKFOUDRIIBYXLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-(1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-3-phenylpropyl)silane Chemical compound FC(C([Si](OC)(OC)OC)(F)F)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(F)F RKFOUDRIIBYXLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJOOZNCPHALTKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilylmethanethiol Chemical compound CO[Si](CS)(OC)OC QJOOZNCPHALTKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOKUUKOEIMCYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)COC(=O)C(C)=C UOKUUKOEIMCYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZWKZRFXJPGDFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxysilane Chemical compound CCCO[SiH](OCCC)OCCC OZWKZRFXJPGDFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/20—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent containing polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of alkoxysilane, a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent, and a liquid crystal display device having the liquid crystal alignment film.
- VA liquid crystal display elements are widely used for large-screen liquid crystal televisions and high-definition mobile applications (display units of digital cameras and mobile phones).
- the VA method includes an MVA method (Multi Vertical Alignment) in which protrusions for controlling the direction in which the liquid crystal is tilted are formed on the TFT substrate or the color filter substrate, and a direction in which the liquid crystal is tilted by an electric field by forming a slit in the ITO electrode of the substrate.
- MVA method Multi Vertical Alignment
- a PVA (Paterned Vertical Alignment) system to be controlled is known.
- VA alignment method is the PSA (Polymer Sustained Alignment) method.
- the PSA system is a technology that has attracted attention in recent years.
- a photopolymerizable compound is added to the liquid crystal, and after the liquid crystal panel is produced, an electric field is applied to irradiate the liquid crystal panel with UV in a state where the liquid crystal is tilted.
- the polymerizable compound is photopolymerized to fix the alignment direction of the liquid crystal, causing a pretilt and improving the response speed.
- a slit is formed in one electrode constituting the liquid crystal panel, and a structure in which a projection such as MVA or a slit such as PVA is not provided in the opposite electrode pattern is operable. It is characterized by simplification and excellent panel transmittance. (See Patent Document 1.)
- an inorganic liquid crystal alignment film material is also known together with an organic liquid crystal alignment film material such as polyimide which has been conventionally used.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent composition containing a reaction product of tetraalkoxysilane, trialkoxysilane, alcohol, and oxalic acid is used as a material for a coating-type inorganic alignment film on an electrode substrate of a liquid crystal display element. It is reported that a liquid crystal alignment film having excellent vertical alignment properties, heat resistance and uniformity is formed. (See Patent Document 2.)
- liquid crystal aligning agent composition containing a reaction product of tetraalkoxysilane, specific trialkoxysilane and water and a specific glycol ether solvent, display defects are prevented and even after long-time driving. It has been reported to form a liquid crystal alignment film with good afterimage characteristics, without reducing the ability to align liquid crystals, and with little reduction in voltage holding ratio against light and heat. (See Patent Document 3)
- JP 2004-302061 A JP 09-281502 A JP 2005-250244 A
- the object of the present invention is to improve the response speed in a PSA type liquid crystal display element even when the amount of the polymerizable compound is small, or even when using a liquid crystal without adding a polymerizable compound, and a good alignment state. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent for a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, and a liquid crystal display element having the liquid crystal aligning film.
- R 1 Si (OR 2 ) 3 (1) R 1 is a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 3 Si (OR 4 ) 3 (2) R 3 represents an alkyl group substituted with an acryl group or a methacryl group, and R 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 1 in the formula (1) is a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and R 2 is methyl or ethyl.
- R 2 is methyl or ethyl.
- the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (2) is 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxy.
- R 5 of the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (3) is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 30 mol% in all alkoxysilanes, and the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (2) is 3% in all alkoxysilanes.
- liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of [1] to [9] is applied, and UV is irradiated in a state where a voltage is applied to a liquid crystal cell in which the liquid crystal is sandwiched between two baked substrates.
- Liquid crystal display element [13] A liquid crystal display element in which the liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of [1] to [9] is applied, the liquid crystal is sandwiched between two baked substrates, and UV is irradiated in a state where a voltage is applied. Production method.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention in the PSA type liquid crystal display element, even when the amount of the polymerizable compound added to the liquid crystal is small, or when the liquid crystal without adding the polymerizable compound is used, A liquid crystal alignment film for a liquid crystal display element and a liquid crystal display element having the liquid crystal alignment film capable of improving the response speed and obtaining a good alignment state can be obtained.
- This invention is a liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polysiloxane obtained by polycondensing the alkoxysilane containing the alkoxysilane represented by Formula (1), and the alkoxysilane represented by Formula (2).
- R 1 Si (OR 2 ) 3 (1) R 1 is a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 30 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- “substituted” “May be substituted” means “substituted or unsubstituted”.
- R 3 Si (OR 4 ) 3 (2) R 3 represents an alkyl group substituted with an acryl group or a methacryl group, and R 4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.)
- R 1 of the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (1) has 8 to 30 carbon atoms which may be substituted with fluorine, preferably 8 to 22 and particularly preferably 10 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited as long as it has an effect of vertically aligning liquid crystals. Examples thereof include an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a phenethyl group, a styrylalkyl group, a naphthyl group, and a fluorophenylalkyl group.
- alkoxysilanes in which R 1 is an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group are preferable because they are relatively inexpensive and easily available as commercial products.
- alkoxysilane in which R 1 is an alkyl group is preferable.
- the polysiloxane used in the present invention may have a plurality of these specific organic groups.
- R 2 of the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (1) is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. More preferably, R 2 is a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- octyltrimethoxysilane, octyltriethoxysilane, decyltrimethoxysilane, decyltriethoxysilane, dodecyltrimethoxysilane, dodecyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltriethoxysilane, heptadecyltrimethoxysilane Heptadecyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyltriethoxysilane, nonadecyltrimethoxysilane, nonadecyltriethoxysilane, undecyltriethoxysilane, or undecyltrimethoxysilane is preferred.
- the above-mentioned alkoxysilane represented by the formula (1) having a specific organic group is preferably 0.1 mol% or more in order to obtain good liquid crystal alignment in all alkoxysilanes used for obtaining polysiloxane. More preferably, it is 0.5 mol% or more. More preferably, it is 1 mol% or more. Further, in order to obtain sufficient curing characteristics of the liquid crystal alignment film to be formed, 30 mol% or less is preferable. More preferably, it is 22 mol% or less.
- alkoxysilane R 3 represented by (hereinafter, also referred to as a second specific organic groups) R 3 is an alkyl group substituted with an acrylic group or methacrylic group.
- the number of substituted hydrogen atoms is one or more, preferably one.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1-30, more preferably 1-10. More preferably, it is 1-5.
- R 4 of the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (2) is the same as the definition of R 2 in the above formula (1), and a preferable group of R 4 is the same as that of R 2 .
- alkoxysilane represented by Formula (2) is not limited to these.
- 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxymethyltriethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltriethoxy Examples include silane, acryloxyethyltrimethoxysilane, acryloxyethyltriethoxysilane, and the like.
- the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (2) having the second specific organic group obtains polysiloxane. Therefore, 3 mol% or more is preferable in all alkoxysilanes used for this purpose. More preferably, it is 5 mol% or more. More preferably, it is 10 mol% or more. Moreover, in order to fully harden the liquid crystal aligning film formed, 60 mol% or less is preferable.
- the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (1) is preferably contained in the total alkoxysilane used in an amount of 0.1 to 30 mol%, particularly preferably 2 to 20 mol%, and the formula (2) It is preferable that 3 to 60 mol%, particularly preferably 5 to 30 mol% is contained in all alkoxysilanes used.
- the alkoxysilane represented by following formula (3) other than the alkoxysilane represented by Formula (1) and Formula (2) can be used. Since the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (3) can impart various characteristics to the polysiloxane, one or more kinds can be selected and used according to the required characteristics.
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a hetero atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a glycidoxy group, a mercapto group, an isocyanate group or a ureido group.
- R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 0 to 3, preferably 0 to 2.
- R 5 of the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (3) is a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (hereinafter also referred to as a third organic group).
- the third organic group include aliphatic hydrocarbons; ring structures such as aliphatic rings, aromatic rings and heterocycles; unsaturated bonds; and heteroatoms such as oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms and sulfur atoms. It is a hydrocarbon having 1 to 16, more preferably 1 to 12, and particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be contained and may have a branched structure.
- This hydrocarbon may be substituted with a halogen atom, amino group, glycidoxy group, mercapto group, isocyanate group, ureido group or the like.
- a halogen atom amino group, glycidoxy group, mercapto group, isocyanate group, ureido group or the like.
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom
- specific examples of the alkoxysilane when R 5 is a hydrogen atom include trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, tripropoxysilane, tributoxysilane and the like.
- alkoxysilane of the formula (3) specific examples of the alkoxysilane when R 5 is a third organic group include methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, and ethyltriethoxysilane.
- the polysiloxane used in the present invention is a kind of the alkoxysilane represented by the above formula (3) as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired for the purpose of improving the adhesion with the substrate and the affinity with the liquid crystal molecules. Or you may have multiple types.
- the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (3) the alkoxysilane in which n is 0 is tetraalkoxysilane. Tetraalkoxysilane is preferable for obtaining the polysiloxane of the present invention because it easily condenses with the alkoxysilane represented by the formulas (1) and (2).
- the alkoxysilane in which n is 0 in the formula (3) tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane or tetrabutoxysilane is more preferable, and tetramethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane is particularly preferable.
- the amount of the alkoxysilane represented by the formula (3) is 10 to 96.9 mol% in the total alkoxysilane used for obtaining the polysiloxane. It is preferable that More preferably, it is 35 to 99.8 mol%.
- the method for obtaining the polysiloxane used in the present invention is not particularly limited. In the present invention, it is obtained by condensing an alkoxysilane having the above-mentioned formulas (1) and (2) as essential components in an organic solvent. Usually, polysiloxane is obtained as a solution obtained by polycondensation of such alkoxysilanes and uniformly dissolved in an organic solvent. Examples of the method for polycondensing the alkoxysilane include a method of hydrolyzing and condensing the alkoxysilane in a solvent such as alcohol or glycol. At that time, the hydrolysis / condensation reaction may be either partial hydrolysis or complete hydrolysis.
- acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid; ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine, ethanolamine
- a catalyst such as alkali such as triethylamine
- metal salt such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
- the hydrolysis / condensation reaction can be further promoted by heating the solution in which the alkoxysilane is dissolved. At that time, the heating temperature and the heating time can be appropriately selected as desired. For example, heating and stirring at 50 ° C.
- a method of heating and polycondensing a mixture of alkoxysilane, a solvent and oxalic acid can be mentioned. Specifically, after adding oxalic acid to alcohol in advance to obtain an alcohol solution of oxalic acid, the alkoxysilane is mixed while the solution is heated. In that case, the amount of succinic acid used is preferably 0.2 to 2 mol with respect to 1 mol of all alkoxy groups of the alkoxysilane. Heating in this method can be performed at a liquid temperature of 50 to 180 ° C. Preferably, it is a method of heating for several tens of minutes to several tens of hours under reflux so that evaporation or volatilization of the liquid does not occur.
- the alkoxysilanes may be mixed in advance, or multiple types of alkoxysilanes may be mixed in sequence.
- the solvent used for polycondensation of alkoxysilane (hereinafter also referred to as polymerization solvent) is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve alkoxysilane. Moreover, even when alkoxysilane does not melt
- Such a polymerization solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and diacetone alcohol: ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1 , 5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 2,3-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and other glycols: ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
- the polysiloxane polymerization solution (hereinafter also referred to as polymerization solution) obtained by the above method is a concentration obtained by converting silicon atoms of all alkoxysilanes charged as raw materials into SiO 2 (hereinafter referred to as SiO 2 conversion concentration). ) Is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 5 to 15% by mass. By selecting an arbitrary concentration within this concentration range, gel formation can be suppressed and a homogeneous solution can be obtained.
- the polymerization solution obtained by the above method may be used as a polysiloxane solution as it is, or if necessary, the solution obtained by the above method may be concentrated or diluted by adding a solvent. Or may be substituted with another solvent to form a polysiloxane solution.
- the solvent to be used hereinafter also referred to as additive solvent
- the additive solvent is not particularly limited as long as the polysiloxane is uniformly dissolved, and one kind or plural kinds can be arbitrarily selected and used.
- Such an additive solvent include, in addition to the solvents mentioned as examples of the polymerization solvent described above, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and ethyl lactate. Can be mentioned. These solvents can improve the applicability when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied onto the substrate by adjusting the viscosity of the liquid crystal aligning agent, or by spin coating, flexographic printing, ink jetting or the like.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention other components other than polysiloxane, such as inorganic fine particles, metalloxane oligomers, metalloxane polymers, leveling agents, and further surfactants, etc., as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. May be included.
- inorganic fine particles fine particles such as silica fine particles, alumina fine particles, titania fine particles, and magnesium fluoride fine particles are preferable, and those in the state of a colloidal solution are particularly preferable.
- This colloidal solution may be a dispersion of inorganic fine particles in a dispersion medium, or a commercially available colloidal solution.
- the inclusion of inorganic fine particles makes it possible to impart the surface shape of the formed cured film and other functions.
- the inorganic fine particles preferably have an average particle size of 0.001 to 0.2 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.001 to 0.1 ⁇ m. When the average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles exceeds 0.2 ⁇ m, the transparency of the cured film formed using the prepared coating liquid may be lowered.
- the dispersion medium for the inorganic fine particles include water and organic solvents.
- the colloidal solution it is preferable that the pH or pKa is adjusted to 1 to 10 from the viewpoint of the stability of the coating solution for forming a film. More preferably, it is 2-7.
- organic solvent used for the dispersion medium of the colloidal solution examples include alcohols such as methanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and ethylene glycol monopropyl ether; Ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; amides such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone; esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and ⁇ -butyrolactone; Examples include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane.
- metalloxane oligomer and metalloxane polymer single or composite oxide precursors such as silicon, titanium, aluminum, tantalum, antimony, bismuth, tin, indium, and zinc are used.
- the metalloxane oligomer or metalloxane polymer may be a commercially available product or may be obtained from a monomer such as a metal alkoxide, nitrate, hydrochloride, or carboxylate by a conventional method such as hydrolysis.
- metalloxane oligomers and metalloxane polymers include siloxane oligomers or siloxanes such as methyl silicate 51, methyl silicate 53A, ethyl silicate 40, ethyl silicate 48, EMS-485, SS-101 manufactured by Colcoat Co.
- examples thereof include titanoxane oligomers such as polymers and titanium-n-butoxide tetramer manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. You may use these individually or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- a leveling agent, surfactant, etc. can use a well-known thing, and since a commercial item is easy to acquire especially, it is preferable.
- the method of mixing the above-mentioned other components with polysiloxane may be simultaneous with or after polysiloxane, and is not particularly limited.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention melt
- a solvent selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned polysiloxane polymerization solvent and additive solvent is used as the solvent.
- the content of polysiloxane in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, more preferably 1 to 6% by mass in terms of SiO 2 equivalent concentration. Be in the range of such terms of SiO 2 concentration, easily obtained a desired film thickness by a single coating, easy pot life sufficient solution is obtained.
- the method for preparing the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the polysiloxane used in the present invention may be in a state where other components added as necessary are uniformly mixed. Since polysiloxane is usually polycondensed in a solvent, it is convenient to use the polysiloxane solution as it is or to add other components to the polysiloxane solution as necessary. Furthermore, the most convenient method is to use the polysiloxane polymerization solution as it is. Moreover, when adjusting content of polysiloxane in a liquid crystal aligning agent, the solvent chosen from the group which consists of the polymerization solvent and addition solvent of the polysiloxane mentioned above can be used.
- the liquid crystal aligning film of this invention is obtained using the said liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the cured film obtained by drying and baking can also be used as a liquid crystal aligning film as it is.
- the cured film is rubbed, irradiated with polarized light or light of a specific wavelength, or treated with an ion beam, or a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element after filling the liquid crystal as a PSA alignment film It is also possible to irradiate with UV. In particular, it is useful to use as an alignment film for PSA.
- the substrate on which the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, but a substrate in which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal is formed on the substrate is preferable.
- Specific examples include glass plate, polycarbonate, poly (meth) acrylate, polyethersulfone, polyarylate, polyurethane, polysulfone, polyether, polyetherketone, trimethylpentene, polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate, (meth) acrylonitrile, tri
- a substrate in which a transparent electrode is formed on a plastic plate such as acetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, and acetate butyrate cellulose.
- Examples of the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent include spin coating, printing, ink jet, spraying, roll coating, and the like.In terms of productivity, the transfer printing method is widely used industrially.
- the present invention is also preferably used.
- the drying process after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not necessarily required, but if the time from application to baking is not constant for each substrate, or if baking is not performed immediately after application, a drying process is included. Is preferred.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is removed to such an extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by transporting the substrate or the like.
- a method of drying on a hot plate at a temperature of 40 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 60 ° C. to 100 ° C., for 0.5 to 30 minutes, preferably 1 to 5 minutes can be mentioned.
- the coating film formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent by the above method can be baked to obtain a cured film.
- the firing temperature can be any temperature of 100 ° C. to 350 ° C., preferably 140 ° C. to 300 ° C., more preferably 150 ° C. to 230 ° C., and still more preferably 160 ° C. to 220 ° C. It is. Firing can be performed at an arbitrary time of 5 minutes to 240 minutes. The time is preferably 10 to 90 minutes, more preferably 20 to 90 minutes.
- a generally known method such as a hot plate, a hot air circulation oven, an IR oven, a belt furnace or the like can be used.
- the polysiloxane in the liquid crystal alignment film undergoes polycondensation in the firing step.
- firing is preferably performed at a temperature higher by 10 ° C. or more than the heat treatment temperature required for the liquid crystal cell production process, such as curing of the sealant.
- the thickness of the cured film can be selected as necessary, but is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, because the reliability of the liquid crystal display element can be easily obtained.
- the thickness of the cured film is preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably 150 nm or less, the power consumption of the liquid crystal display element does not become extremely large, which is suitable.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be obtained by forming a liquid crystal alignment film on a substrate by the above method and then preparing a liquid crystal cell by a known method.
- a method is generally employed in which a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed are fixed with a sealant with a spacer interposed therebetween, and liquid crystal is injected and sealed.
- the size of the spacer used is 1 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the method for injecting the liquid crystal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vacuum method for injecting liquid crystal after the inside of the manufactured liquid crystal cell is decompressed, and a dropping method for sealing after dropping the liquid crystal.
- a liquid crystal to which a small amount (typically 0.2 to 1% by weight) of a photopolymerizable compound is used is used as the liquid crystal to be used.
- the polymerizable compound is polymerized and crosslinked in situ, thereby increasing the response speed of the liquid crystal display.
- the applied voltage is 5 to 30 Vp-p, preferably 5 to 20 Vp-p.
- the UV irradiation amount to be irradiated is 1 to 60 J, but is preferably 40 J or less. The smaller the UV irradiation amount, the lowering of reliability due to the destruction of the members constituting the liquid crystal display can be suppressed, and the UV irradiation time It is preferable because the manufacturing tact can be increased by reducing.
- the substrate used for the liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, but is usually a substrate on which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal is formed.
- a specific example is the same as the substrate described in [Liquid crystal alignment film].
- a substrate that can be used in a PSA type liquid crystal cell a standard electrode pattern such as PVA or MVA or a projection pattern can be used.
- the PSA type liquid crystal display can operate even in a structure in which a line / slit electrode pattern of 1 to 10 ⁇ m is formed on one side substrate and no slit pattern or projection pattern is formed on the opposite substrate.
- the liquid crystal display can simplify the manufacturing process and obtain high transmittance.
- a high-performance element such as a TFT type element
- an element in which an element such as a transistor is formed between an electrode for driving a liquid crystal and a substrate is used.
- a transmissive liquid crystal display element it is common to use a substrate as described above.
- an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer may be used. Is possible.
- a material such as aluminum that reflects light may be used for the electrode formed on the substrate.
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- C18 octadecyltriethoxysilane
- ACPS 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
- HG 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (also known as hexylene glycol)
- BCS 2-butoxyethanol
- UPS 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane
- MPMS 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
- ⁇ Execution synthesis example 1> In a 200 mL (liter) four-necked reaction flask equipped with a thermometer and reflux tube, 22.5 g HG, 7.5 g BCS, 28.3 g TEOS, 1.7 g C18, and 14.14 ACPS. 1 g was mixed to prepare an alkoxysilane monomer solution. To this solution, 11.2 g of HG, 3.7 g of BCS, 10.8 g of water, and 0.2 g of oxalic acid as a catalyst were added dropwise over 30 minutes at room temperature.
- ⁇ Execution synthesis example 2> In a 200 mL four-necked reaction flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 21.1 g of HG, 7.0 g of BCS, 19.2 g of TEOS, 1.7 g of C18, and 23.4 g of ACPS were mixed. Then, a solution of the alkoxysilane monomer was prepared. To this solution, 10.5 g of HG, 3.5 g of BCS, 10.8 g of water, and 0.9 g of oxalic acid as a catalyst were added dropwise over 30 minutes at room temperature.
- ⁇ Execution synthesis example 3> In a 200 mL four-necked reaction flask equipped with a thermometer and a reflux tube, 20.2 g of HG, 6.7 g of BCS, 27.9 g of TEOS, 1.7 g of C18, and 17.4 g of MPMS were mixed. Then, a solution of the alkoxysilane monomer was prepared. To this solution, 10.0 g of HG, 3.4 g of BCS, 10.8 g of water and 0.9 g of oxalic acid as a catalyst were added dropwise over 30 minutes at room temperature.
- Example 1 The liquid crystal aligning agent [K1] obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was spin-coated on the ITO surface of an ITO electrode substrate on which an ITO electrode pattern having a pixel size of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m and a line / space of 5 ⁇ m was formed. After drying on an 80 ° C. hot plate for 5 minutes, baking was performed in a hot air circulation oven at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a liquid crystal alignment film having a thickness of 100 nm. The liquid crystal aligning agent [K1] obtained in Synthesis Example 1 is spin-coated on the ITO surface on which no electrode pattern is formed, dried on an 80 ° C. hot plate for 5 minutes, and then heated in a 180 ° C.
- Example 2> The response speed was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymerizable compound added to the liquid crystal MLC-6608 was changed to 0.05% by weight. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3> The response speed was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymerizable compound added to the liquid crystal MLC-6608 was changed to 0.02% by weight. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 The response speed was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymerizable compound was not added to the liquid crystal MLC-6608. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5> A liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent [K1] was changed to the liquid crystal aligning agent [K2] obtained in Example Synthesis Example 2, and the response speed was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6> A liquid crystal cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent [K1] was changed to the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent [K3] obtained in Example Synthesis Example 3, and the response speed was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the response speed after UV irradiation was the same as when the polymerizable compound was 0.2% by weight. Improved. Furthermore, even when the polymerizable compound was 0.02% by weight, the response speed was improved. Furthermore, the response speed was improved even when a liquid crystal to which no polymerizable compound was added was used. In Examples 5 and 6, the response speed was greatly improved in the liquid crystal to which no polymerizable compound was added. On the other hand, in the comparative example, the response speed was not improved when the polymerizable compound was reduced or when the liquid crystal was not added.
- the liquid crystal display device manufactured using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can improve the response speed and obtain a good alignment state even when the polymerizable compound is reduced in the PSA alignment method.
- PSA type TFT liquid crystal display elements TN liquid crystal display elements, VA liquid crystal display elements, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕式(1)で表されるアルコキシシラン及び式(2)で表されるアルコキシシランを含むアルコキシシランを重縮合して得られるポリシロキサンを含有する液晶配向剤。
R1Si(OR2)3 (1)
(R1はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい、炭素原子数8~30の炭化水素基であり、R2は炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基を表す。)
R3Si(OR4)3 (2)
(R3はアクリル基又はメタクリル基で置換されたアルキル基、R4は炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基を表す。)
(R5)nSi(OR6)4-n (3)
(R5は、水素原子、又はヘテロ原子、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、グリシドキシ基、メルカプト基、イソシアネート基若しくはウレイド基で置換されていてもよい、炭素原子数1~16の炭化水素基であり、R6は炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基であり、nは0~3の整数を表す。)
〔3〕前記式(1)で表されるアルコキシシランが、式(1)におけるR1が炭素原子数が8~22の炭化水素基であり、R2がメチル又はエチルである、上記〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の液晶配向剤。
〔5〕前記式(3)で表されるアルコキシシランのR5が、炭素原子数1~6の炭化水素基である、上記〔2〕~〔4〕のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
〔6〕前記式(3)で表されるアルコキシシランが、式(3)におけるnが0である、テトラアルコキシシランである、上記〔2〕~〔5〕のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
〔7〕前記式(1)で表されるアルコキシシランが、全アルコキシシラン中、0.1~30モル%含まれ、かつ前記式(2)で表されるアルコキシシランが全アルコキシシラン中、3~60モル%含まれる、上記〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
〔9〕ポリシロキサンの含有量が、SiO2換算濃度で、0.5~15質量%含有される、上記〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
〔10〕上記〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、焼成して得られる液晶配向膜。
〔11〕上記〔10〕に記載の液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子。
〔12〕上記〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤を塗布し、焼成された2枚の基板で液晶が挟持された液晶セルに、電圧を印加した状態でUVを照射した液晶表示素子。
〔13〕上記〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤を塗布し、焼成した2枚の基板で液晶を挟持し、電圧を印加した状態でUVを照射する液晶表示素子の製造方法。
本発明は、式(1)で表されるアルコキシシラン及び式(2)で表されるアルコキシシランを含むアルコキシシランを重縮合して得られるポリシロキサンを含有する液晶配向剤である。
R1Si(OR2)3 (1)
(R1はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素原子数8~30の炭化水素基であり、R2は炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基を表す。)なお、本明細書において「置換されていてもよい」とは、「置換された又は置換されていない」を意味する。
R3Si(OR4)3 (2)
(R3はアクリル基又はメタクリル基で置換されたアルキル基、R4は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表す。)
式(1)で表されるアルコキシシランのR1(以下、特定有機基ともいう)は、フッ素で置換されていてもよい炭素原子数が8~30、好ましくは8~22、特に好ましくは10~22の炭化水素基であって、液晶を垂直に配向させる効果を有するものであれば特に限定されない。それらの例としては、アルキル基、フルオロアルキル基、アルケニル基、フェネチル基、スチリルアルキル基、ナフチル基、フルオロフェニルアルキル基等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、R1がアルキル基、又はフルオロアルキル基であるアルコキシシランは比較的安価で市販品として入手が容易であるため好ましい。特に、R1がアルキル基であるアルコキシシランが好ましい。本発明に用いるポリシロキサンは、これらの特定有機基を複数種有していてもよい。
式(1)で表されるアルコキシシランのR2は、炭素原子数1~5、好ましくは1~3のアルキル基である。より好ましくは、R2がメチル基又はエチル基である。
このような式(1)で表されるアルコキシシランの具体例を挙げるが、これに限定されるものではない。
本発明では、式(1)で表されるアルコキシシランが、使用される全アルコキシシラン中、好ましくは0.1~30モル%、特に好ましくは2~20モル%含まれ、かつ式(2)で表されるアルコキシシランが使用される全アルコキシシラン中、3~60モル%、特に好ましくは5~30モル%含まれるのが好ましい。
(R5)nSi(OR6)4-n (3)
式中、R5は、水素原子、又はヘテロ原子、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、グリシドキシ基、メルカプト基、イソシアネート基若しくはウレイド基で置換されていてもよい、炭素原子数1~6の炭化水素基であり、R6は炭素原子数1~5、好ましくは1~3のアルキル基であり、nは0~3、好ましくは0~2の整数を表す。
このような式(3)で表されるアルコキシシランの具体例を挙げるが、これに限定されるものではない。
式(3)のアルコキシシランにおいて、R5が水素原子である場合のアルコキシシランの具体例としては、トリメトキシシラン、トリエトキシシラン、トリプロポキシシラン、トリブトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
式(3)で表されるアルコキシシランにおいて、nが0であるアルコキシシランは、テトラアルコキシシランである。テトラアルコキシシランは、式(1)及び式(2)で表されるアルコキシシランと縮合し易いので、本発明のポリシロキサンを得るために好ましい。
このような式(3)においてnが0であるアルコキシシランとしては、テトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシラン、テトラプロポキシシラン又はテトラブトキシシランがより好ましく、特に、テトラメトキシシラン又はテトラエトキシシランが好ましい。
式(3)で表されるアルコキシシランを併用する場合、式(3)で表されるアルコキシシランの使用量は、ポリシロキサンを得るために用いる全アルコキシシラン中において、10~96.9モル%であることが好ましい。より好ましくは、35~99.8モル%である。
本発明に用いるポリシロキサンを得る方法は特に限定されない。本発明においては、上記した式(1)及び式(2)を必須成分とするアルコキシシランを有機溶媒中で縮合させて得られる。通常、ポリシロキサンは、このようなアルコキシシランを重縮合して、有機溶媒に均一に溶解した溶液として得られる。
上記アルコキシシランを重縮合する方法として、例えば、アルコキシシランをアルコール又はグリコールなどの溶媒中で加水分解・縮合する方法が挙げられる。その際、加水分解・縮合反応は、部分加水分解及び完全加水分解のいずれであってもよい。完全加水分解の場合は、理論上、アルコキシシラン中の全アルコキシ基の0.5倍モルの水を加えればよいが、通常は0.5倍モルより過剰量の水を加えるのが好ましい。
上記反応に用いる水の量は、所望により適宜選択することができるが、通常、アルコキシシラン中の全アルコキシ基の0.5~2.5倍モルであるのが好ましい。
また、別法として、例えば、アルコキシシラン、溶媒及び蓚酸の混合物を加熱して重縮合する方法が挙げられる。具体的には、あらかじめアルコールに蓚酸を加えて蓚酸のアルコール溶液とした後、該溶液を加熱した状態で、アルコキシシランを混合する方法である。その際、用いる蓚酸の量は、アルコキシシランが有する全アルコキシ基の1モルに対して0.2~2モルとすることが好ましい。この方法における加熱は、液温50~180℃で行うことができる。好ましくは、液の蒸発、揮散などが起こらないように、還流下で数十分から十数時間加熱する方法である。
アルコキシシランを重縮合する際に用いられる溶媒(以下、重合溶媒ともいう)は、アルコキシシランを溶解するものであれば特に限定されない。また、アルコキシシランが溶解しない場合でも、アルコキシシランの重縮合反応の進行とともに溶解するものであればよい。一般的には、アルコキシシランの重縮合反応によりアルコールが生成するため、アルコール類、グリコール類、グリコールエーテル類、又はアルコール類と相溶性の良好な有機溶媒が用いられる。
上記の方法で得られたポリシロキサンの重合溶液(以下、重合溶液ともいう。)は、原料として仕込んだ全アルコキシシランのケイ素原子をSiO2に換算した濃度(以下、SiO2換算濃度と称す。)を好ましくは20質量%以下、さらには5~15質量%とすることがより好ましい。この濃度範囲において任意の濃度を選択することにより、ゲルの生成を抑え、均質な溶液を得ることができる。
本発明においては、上記の方法で得られた重合溶液をそのままポリシロキサンの溶液としてもよいし、必要に応じて、上記の方法で得られた溶液を、濃縮したり、溶媒を加えて希釈したり又は他の溶媒に置換して、ポリシロキサンの溶液としてもよい。
その際、用いる溶媒(以下、添加溶媒ともいう)は、重合溶媒と同じでもよいし、別の溶媒でもよい。この添加溶媒は、ポリシロキサンが均一に溶解している限りにおいて特に限定されず、一種でも複数種でも任意に選択して用いることができる。
これらの溶媒は、液晶配向剤の粘度の調整、又はスピンコート、フレキソ印刷、インクジェット等で液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する際の塗布性を向上できる。
本発明の液晶配向剤においては、本発明の効果を損なわない限りにおいて、ポリシロキサン以外のその他の成分、例えば、無機微粒子、メタロキサンオリゴマー、メタロキサンポリマー、レベリング剤、更に界面活性剤等の成分が含まれていてもよい。
無機微粒子としては、シリカ微粒子、アルミナ微粒子、チタニア微粒子、又はフッ化マグネシウム微粒子等の微粒子が好ましく、特にコロイド溶液の状態であるものが好ましい。このコロイド溶液は、無機微粒子を分散媒に分散したものでもよいし、市販品のコロイド溶液であってもよい。本発明においては、無機微粒子を含有させることにより、形成される硬化被膜の表面形状及びその他の機能を付与することが可能となる。無機微粒子としては、その平均粒子径が0.001~0.2μmであることが好ましく、更に好ましくは0.001~0.1μmである。無機微粒子の平均粒子径が0.2μmを超える場合には、調製される塗布液を用いて形成される硬化被膜の透明性が低下する場合がある。
無機微粒子の分散媒としては、水及び有機溶剤を挙げることができる。コロイド溶液としては、被膜形成用塗布液の安定性の観点から、pH又はpKaが1~10に調整されていることが好ましい。より好ましくは2~7である。
メタロキサンオリゴマー、メタロキサンポリマーとしては、ケイ素、チタン、アルミニウム、タンタル、アンチモン、ビスマス、錫、インジウム、亜鉛等の単独又は複合酸化物前駆体が用いられる。メタロキサンオリゴマー、メタロキサンポリマーとしては、市販品であっても、金属アルコキシド、硝酸塩、塩酸塩、カルボン酸塩等のモノマーから、加水分解等の常法により得られたものであってもよい。
また、レベリング剤及び界面活性剤等は、公知のものを用いることができ、特に市販品は入手が容易なので好ましい。
また、ポリシロキサンに、上記したその他の成分を混合する方法は、ポリシロキサンと同時でも、後であってもよく、特に限定されない。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、溶媒中に、上述したポリシロキサンを溶解し、必要に応じてその他の成分を溶解又は分散して含有する。溶媒としては、上述したポリシロキサンの重合溶媒および添加溶媒からなる群から選ばれる溶媒が用いられる。液晶配向剤におけるポリシロキサンの含有量は、SiO2換算濃度が好ましくは0.5~15質量%、より好ましくは1~6質量%である。このようなSiO2換算濃度の範囲であれば、一回の塗布で所望の膜厚を得やすく、充分な溶液のポットライフが得られ易い。
また、液晶配向剤中におけるポリシロキサンの含有量を調整する際には、上述したポリシロキサンの重合溶媒及び添加溶媒からなる群から選ばれる溶媒を用いることができる。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、上記液晶配向剤を用いて得られる。例えば、本発明の液晶配向剤を、基板に塗布した後、乾燥・焼成を行うことで得られる硬化膜を、そのまま液晶配向膜として用いることもできる。また、この硬化膜をラビングしたり、偏光又は特定の波長の光等を照射したり、イオンビーム等の処理をしたり、PSA用配向膜として液晶充填後の液晶表示素子に電圧を印加した状態でUVを照射することも可能である。特に、PSA用配向膜として使用することが有用である。
液晶配向剤を塗布する基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されないが、基板上に液晶を駆動するための透明電極が形成された基板が好ましい。
液晶配向剤の塗布方法としては、スピンコート法、印刷法、インクジェット法、スプレー法、ロールコート法などが挙げられるが、生産性の面から工業的には転写印刷法が広く用いられており、本発明でも好適に用いられる。
上記の方法で液晶配向剤を塗布して形成される塗膜は、焼成して硬化膜とすることができる。その際、焼成温度は、100℃~350℃の任意の温度で行うことができるが、好ましくは140℃~300℃であり、より好ましくは150℃~230℃、更に好ましくは160℃~220℃である。焼成時間は5分~240分の任意の時間で焼成を行うことができる。好ましくは10~90分であり、より好ましくは20~90分である。加熱は、通常公知の方法、例えば、ホットプレート、熱風循環オーブン、IRオーブン、ベルト炉などを用いることができる。
この硬化膜の厚みは必要に応じて選択することができるが、好ましくは5nm以上、より好ましくは10nm以上の場合、液晶表示素子の信頼性が得られ易いので好適である。また、硬化膜の厚みが好ましくは300nm以下、より好ましくは150nm以下の場合は、液晶表示素子の消費電力が極端に大きくならないので好適である。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記の方法により、基板に液晶配向膜を形成した後、公知の方法で液晶セルを作製して得ることができる。液晶セル作製の一例を挙げると、液晶配向膜が形成された1対の基板を、スペーサーを挟んで、シール剤で固定し、液晶を注入して封止する方法が一般的である。その際、用いるスペーサーの大きさは1~30μmであるが、好ましくは2~10μmである。
液晶を注入する方法は特に制限されず、作製した液晶セル内を減圧にした後、液晶を注入する真空法、液晶を滴下した後に封止を行う滴下法などを挙げることができる。
透過型の液晶表示素子の場合は、上記の如き基板を用いることが一般的であるが、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な基板も用いることが可能である。その際、基板に形成された電極には、光を反射するアルミニウムの如き材料を用いることもできる。
本実施例で用いた化合物における略語は以下のとおりである。
TEOS:テトラエトキシシラン
C18:オクタデシルトリエトキシシラン
ACPS:3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン
HG:2-メチル-2,4-ペンタンジオール(別名:ヘキシレングリコール)
BCS:2-ブトキシエタノール
UPS:3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン
MPMS:3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン
温度計、還流管を備え付けた200mL(リットル)の四つ口反応フラスコ中で、HGを22.5g、BCSを7.5g、TEOSを28.3g、C18を1.7g、及びACPSを14.1g混合して、アルコキシシランモノマーの溶液を調製した。この溶液に、予めHGを11.2g、BCSを3.7g、水を10.8g及び触媒として蓚酸0.2gを混合した溶液を、室温下で30分かけて滴下した。この溶液を30分間撹拌してから1時間還流させた後に放冷してSiO2換算濃度が12重量%のポリシロキサン溶液を得た。
得られたポリシロキサン溶液10.0gに、BCS20.0gを混合し、SiO2換算濃度が4重量%の液晶配向剤(K1)を得た。
温度計、還流管を備え付けた200mLの四つ口反応フラスコ中で、HGを21.1g、BCSを7.0g、TEOSを19.2g、C18を1.7g、及びACPSを23.4g混合して、アルコキシシランモノマーの溶液を調製した。この溶液に、予めHGを10.5g、BCSを3.5g、水を10.8g及び触媒として蓚酸0.9gを混合した溶液を、室温下で30分かけて滴下た。
この溶液を30分間撹拌してから1時間還流させた後、予めUPS含有量92質量%のメタノール溶液を1.2g、HGを0.5g及びBCSを0.2gの混合液を加えた。更に30分間還流させてから放冷してSiO2換算濃度が12重量%のポリシロキサン溶液を得た。
得られたポリシロキサン溶液10.0gに、BCS20.0gを混合し、SiO2換算濃度が4重量%の液晶配向剤(K2)を得た。
温度計、還流管を備え付けた200mLの四つ口反応フラスコ中で、HGを20.2g、BCSを6.7g、TEOSを27.9g、C18を1.7g、及びMPMSを17.4g混合して、アルコキシシランモノマーの溶液を調製した。この溶液に、予めHGを10.0g、BCSを3.4g、水を10.8g及び触媒として蓚酸0.9gを混合した溶液を、室温下で30分かけて滴下た。
この溶液を30分間撹拌してから1時間還流させた後、予めUPS含有量92質量%のメタノール溶液0.6g、HG0.3g及びBCS0.1gの混合液を加えた。更に30分間還流させてから放冷してSiO2換算濃度が12重量%のポリシロキサン溶液を得た。
得られたポリシロキサン溶液10.0gに、BCS20.0gを混合し、SiO2換算濃度が4重量%の液晶配向剤(K3)を得た。
温度計、還流管を備え付けた200mLの四つ口反応フラスコ中で、HGを23.3g、BCSを7.7g、TEOSを40.8g、C18を1.7g混合して、アルコキシシランモノマーの溶液を調製した。この溶液に、予めHGを11.6g、BCSを3.9g、水を10.8g及び触媒として蓚酸0.2gを混合した溶液を、室温下で30分かけて滴下した。
この溶液を30分間撹拌してから1時間還流させた後に放冷してSiO2換算固形分濃度が12重量%のポリシロキサン溶液を得た。
得られたポリシロキサン溶液10.0gに、BCS20.0gを混合し、SiO2換算濃度が4重量%の液晶配向剤(L1)を得た。
合成例1で得られた液晶配向処理剤[K1]を、画素サイズが100μm×300μmで、ライン/スペースがそれぞれ5μmのITO電極パターンが形成されているITO電極基板のITO面にスピンコートした。80℃のホットプレートで5分間乾燥した後、180℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
合成例1で得られた液晶配向処理剤[K1]を、電極パターンが形成されていないITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで5分間乾燥した後、180℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。これらの2枚の基板を用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜面上に6μmのビーズスペーサーを散布した後、その上からシール剤を印刷した。他方の基板を液晶配向膜面を内側にし、張り合わせた後、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。液晶MLC-6608(メルク社製商品名)に対して式(S-1)で表される重合性化合物を0.2重量%添加した液晶を作製し、空セルに減圧注入法によって、前記液晶を注入した液晶セルを作製した。
液晶MLC-6608に添加する重合性化合物を0.05重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして応答速度を測定した。結果を表1に示した。
<実施例3>
液晶MLC-6608に添加する重合性化合物を0.02重量%に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして応答速度を測定した。結果を表1に示した。
液晶MLC-6608に重合性化合物を添加しなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして応答速度を測定した。結果を表1に示した。
<実施例5>
液晶配向処理剤[K1]を実施合成例2で得られた液晶配向処理剤[K2]に変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして液晶セルを作製し、応答速度を測定した。その結果を表1に示した。
<実施例6>
液晶配向処理剤[K1]を実施合成例3で得られた液晶配向処理剤[K3]に変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして液晶セルを作製し、応答速度を測定した。その結果を表1に示した。
液晶配向処理剤[K1]を比較合成例1で得られた液晶配向処理剤[L1]に変更した以外は、実施例1~実施例4と同様にして液晶セルを作製し、応答速度を測定した。その結果を表1に示した。
電圧を印加していない液晶セルに、電圧 ±4V、周波数1kHzの矩形波を印加した際の、液晶パネルの輝度の時間変化をオシロスコープにて取り込んだ。電圧を印加していない時の輝度を0%、±4Vの電圧を印加し、飽和した輝度の値を100%として、輝度が10%から90%まで変化する時間を立ち上がりの応答速度とした。
なお、2009年5月1日に出願された日本特許出願2009-112197号及び2009年10月29日に出願された日本特許出願2009-249301号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (13)
- 式(1)で表されるアルコキシシラン及び式(2)で表されるアルコキシシランを含むアルコキシシランを重縮合して得られるポリシロキサンを含有する液晶配向剤。
R1Si(OR2)3 (1)
(R1はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい、炭素原子数8~30の炭化水素基であり、R2は炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基を表す。)
R3Si(OR4)3 (2)
(R3はアクリル基又はメタクリル基で置換されたアルキル基、R4は炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基を表す。) - ポリシロキサンが、さらに、下記式(3)で表されるアルコキシシランを含有するアルコキシシランを重縮合して得られるポリシロキサンである、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
(R5)nSi(OR6)4-n (3)
(R5は、水素原子、又はヘテロ原子、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、グリシドキシ基、メルカプト基、イソシアネート基若しくはウレイド基で置換されていてもよい、炭素原子数1~16の炭化水素基であり、R6は炭素原子数1~5のアルキル基であり、nは0~3の整数を表す。) - 前記式(1)で表されるアルコキシシランが、式(1)におけるR1が炭素原子数が8~22の炭化水素基であり、R2がメチル又はエチルである請求項1又は2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(2)で表されるアルコキシシランが、3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシランからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(3)で表されるアルコキシシランのR5が、炭素原子数1~6の炭化水素基である、請求項2~4のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(3)で表されるアルコキシシランが、式(3)におけるnが0である、テトラアルコキシシランである請求項2~5のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(1)で表されるアルコキシシランが、全アルコキシシラン中、0.1~30モル%含まれ、かつ前記式(2)で表されるアルコキシシランが全アルコキシシラン中、3~60モル%含まれる請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(3)で表されるアルコキシシランが、全アルコキシシラン中、10~96.9モル%含まれる請求項2~7のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- ポリシロキサンの含有量が、SiO2換算濃度で、0.5~15質量%含有される請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、焼成して得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項10に記載の液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤を塗布し、焼成された2枚の基板で液晶が挟持された液晶セルに、電圧を印加した状態でUVを照射した液晶表示素子。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤を塗布し、焼成した2枚の基板で液晶を挟持し、電圧を印加した状態でUVを照射する液晶表示素子の製造方法。
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