WO2010079563A1 - 組電池の充電方法、及び電池充電システム - Google Patents
組電池の充電方法、及び電池充電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010079563A1 WO2010079563A1 PCT/JP2009/007121 JP2009007121W WO2010079563A1 WO 2010079563 A1 WO2010079563 A1 WO 2010079563A1 JP 2009007121 W JP2009007121 W JP 2009007121W WO 2010079563 A1 WO2010079563 A1 WO 2010079563A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
- B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/121—Valve regulated lead acid batteries [VRLA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for charging an assembled battery including a control valve type lead storage battery, and a battery charging system for charging such an assembled battery.
- the lead storage battery is considered to be useful as a power source for a transport vehicle, for example, because it is strong for tough use and has an appropriate weight.
- a plurality of liquid lead acid batteries are connected in series (for example, 60 batteries are connected in series) or a plurality of liquid lead acid batteries are connected in series.
- are connected in parallel for example, 10 series circuits in which 6 batteries are connected in series are connected in parallel).
- the former configuration has to be charged by a high-voltage specification charging device, which causes troubles such as increasing the commercial power supply voltage.
- charging can be performed with a charging device with a low voltage specification, so that the commercial current can be used as it is.
- a liquid type lead-acid battery is reduced in efficiency when charged at a high rate exceeding 2 hours, a relatively small charging current is used. Therefore, in a configuration in which a series circuit of a plurality of liquid lead-acid batteries is connected in parallel as in the latter configuration, it is relatively easy to supply a charging current in parallel to each series circuit.
- liquid lead-acid battery is less affected by component resistance. Therefore, even when a series circuit of a plurality of liquid lead-acid batteries is connected in parallel as in the latter configuration, the resistance value between each series circuit Therefore, the difference between the charging current values divided into the respective circuits can be made small enough to be ignored. Therefore, in the case of a liquid lead acid battery, there are few demerits when the latter structure is taken, and it is more advantageous than the former structure.
- the control valve type lead storage battery in which the amount of the electrolytic solution is smaller than that of the liquid type lead storage battery tends to increase the reaction resistance. Therefore, the internal resistance (component resistance + reaction resistance) is more likely to vary in the control valve type. Therefore, the control valve type lead acid battery is not suitable for charging in parallel as compared with the liquid type lead acid battery.
- control valve-type lead-acid batteries that do not require replenishment of water have become popular as a power source.
- a series circuit in which a plurality of control valve type lead acid batteries are connected in series is connected in parallel is constructed, it has been found that a significant reduction in capacity is observed by repeated charging.
- An object of the present invention is to propose an assembled battery charging method and a battery charging system capable of reducing a decrease in capacity when an assembled battery using a control valve type lead storage battery is repeatedly charged.
- a battery charging system uses a control valve type lead-acid battery, which is a battery in which a separator impregnated with an electrolytic solution is disposed between a plate-like positive electrode and a negative electrode which are arranged to face each other.
- a plurality of secondary batteries connected in parallel; and a plurality of charging units that are provided corresponding to the respective secondary batteries and charge the corresponding secondary batteries, respectively.
- the constant current charging for supplying a current of a predetermined set current value to the secondary battery until the terminal voltage of each corresponding secondary battery reaches a predetermined charge end voltage is repeated a plurality of times, and the constant current charging is performed. Each time, the multi-stage constant current charging is executed to decrease the set current value.
- a method for charging a battery pack is a control valve type lead-acid battery, which is a battery in which a separator impregnated with an electrolyte is disposed between a plate-like positive electrode and a negative electrode which are arranged to face each other.
- a battery pack charging method in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in parallel, and each corresponding to a corresponding secondary battery by a plurality of charging units provided corresponding to each of the secondary batteries.
- the constant current charging for supplying a current having a predetermined set current value is repeated a plurality of times until the terminal voltage of the secondary battery reaches a predetermined charge end voltage, and the set current value is repeated each time the constant current charging is repeated.
- the charging step of performing multi-stage constant current charging is included.
- each secondary battery when charging a battery pack in which a plurality of secondary batteries using control valve type lead-acid batteries are connected in parallel with each other by multi-stage constant current charging, each secondary battery has a terminal voltage at a predetermined charge end voltage.
- the constant current charging for supplying a current having a predetermined set current value is repeated a plurality of times while decreasing the charging current value each time. Then, in the initial constant current charging with a large charging current value, the stratification is progressing (stratification is severe) in the secondary battery where stratification is not advanced (stratification is mild). Since the terminal voltage rises faster than the secondary battery, constant current charging is completed in a short time.
- the stratification is eliminated as the charging time becomes longer, even if there is a variation in the degree of stratification among a plurality of secondary batteries connected in parallel, the stratification is severe.
- variations in the degree of stratification are reduced.
- the degree of stratification in the control valve type lead storage battery with the most severe stratification is reduced. The risk of battery capacity being reduced is reduced. If it does so, a possibility that the battery capacity of the whole assembled battery may decrease is also reduced.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram showing the charging behavior of each secondary battery in n-stage constant current charging.
- FIG. 6A shows the behavior of the secondary battery with a low degree of stratification
- FIG. 6B shows the serious degree of stratification.
- movement of the heat history value by the process part shown in FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of operation of the charging device illustrated in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of operation of the charging device illustrated in FIG. 9. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the change of the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery accompanying the charge by the charging device shown in FIG. 8, and the charging current I. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the change of the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery accompanying the charge by the charging device shown in FIG. 8, and the charging current I. It is a schematic diagram showing the charging behavior for each secondary battery in n-stage constant current charging, where (a) shows the behavior of a secondary battery with a serious degree of stratification, and (b) shows a slight degree of stratification. This shows the behavior of a secondary battery.
- the charging reaction of the lead storage battery is a reaction for returning lead sulfate, which is a discharge product of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, to lead dioxide or spongy lead, and at that time, sulfuric acid is generated.
- the produced sulfuric acid temporarily increases the concentration of the electrolyte solution around the active material. Since the high concentration electrolyte has a higher specific gravity than the surrounding electrolyte, it settles to the bottom of the battery due to gravity.
- stratification a phenomenon in which the concentration of the electrolytic solution is increased at the lower portion of the battery and the concentration of the electrolytic solution is decreased at the upper portion.
- lead sulfate crystals are generally coarsened and lead sulfate crystals are accumulated, which is called sulfation, and the charge acceptability of the active material is lowered. If random charging is repeated without grasping this phenomenon, the battery capacity is drastically reduced and the life is shortened.
- oxygen gas generated from the positive electrode at the end of charging is replaced with the electrolytic solution contained in the pores of the positive electrode active material, thereby pushing out the electrolytic solution to the outside (separator side) and from the surface of the positive electrode. It is considered that some of the bubbles of the separated oxygen gas rise in the separator impregnated with the electrolytic solution, stir the electrolytic solution, and eliminate the stratification of the electrolytic solution. Although the amount of stratification generated in the control valve type lead acid battery is smaller than that in the liquid lead acid battery, the effect of eliminating the stratification described above is difficult to obtain because the amount of the electrolyte stirred by the oxygen gas is small.
- the amount of oxygen gas generated at the positive electrode at the end of charging is further smaller than when the environmental temperature is high (for example, exceeding 40 ° C.), and the above-described stratification elimination action Cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the environmental temperature for example, less than 10 ° C.
- the amount of oxygen gas generated at the positive electrode at the end of charging is further smaller than when the environmental temperature is high (for example, exceeding 40 ° C.), and the above-described stratification elimination action Cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- control valve type lead acid battery has a greater influence of the environmental temperature on the deterioration of the battery than the liquid lead acid battery.
- the control valve type lead acid battery has a greater influence of the environmental temperature on the deterioration of the battery than the liquid lead acid battery.
- control valve-type lead acid battery having the smallest battery capacity among the control valve-type lead acid batteries included in the series circuit can charge and discharge the entire series circuit. Since the amount of electricity that can be used is limited, the reduction in battery capacity caused by variations in stratification becomes even more significant.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of these findings, and is an assembled battery in which a plurality of control valve type lead-acid batteries (secondary batteries) are connected in parallel and connected to a load, in particular, a plurality of control valve type lead.
- secondary batteries series circuits in which storage batteries are connected in series are connected in parallel and connected to a load.
- each of the charging devices detects the charging voltage of each secondary battery and performs n-stage (multi-stage) constant current charging.
- the concentration of sulfuric acid which is an electrolyte
- the positive electrode and negative electrode tabs current collectors
- the charging reaction sulfuric acid, which is a discharge product
- the reaction in which the sulfuric acid component returns from the lead to the electrolytic solution is more likely to proceed toward the top of the battery (the sulfuric acid is more likely to be returned to the electrolytic solution at the top of the battery).
- each of the charging devices detects the charging voltage of each secondary battery and performs n-stage constant current charging, the time required for charging becomes longer as the secondary battery is significantly stratified.
- secondary batteries with significant stratification have higher internal resistance than other secondary batteries, so that the charging voltage reaches the control value earlier in the first stage charging (the largest current value) immediately after the start of charging.
- the amount of charge electricity in the second and subsequent stages where the charging current gradually decreases increases, and as a result, the required charging time is extended as compared with other secondary batteries.
- the assembled battery charging method and battery charging system include, for example, a series circuit (secondary battery) in which a plurality of control valve type lead storage batteries are connected in series, connected in parallel to a load.
- a charging method for the assembled battery to be connected is used.
- a charging device is connected to each series circuit, each of the charging devices detects the charging voltage of each series circuit, and sets the current value n ⁇ 1 (where n is an integer of 2 or more) times.
- N-stage constant current charging is performed by repeating constant current charging a plurality of times.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of a battery charging system to which a battery pack charging method according to the present invention is applied.
- a battery charging system 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes secondary batteries 1a and 1b, charging devices (charging units) 2a and 2b, and diodes 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b.
- Each of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b is configured by connecting a plurality of control valve type lead storage batteries B in series.
- a load 5 is connected to the outside of the battery charging system 100.
- a secondary battery 1a composed of a plurality of control valve type lead-acid batteries is connected in parallel with a secondary battery 1b having a similar configuration, and constitutes an assembled battery.
- Charging devices 2a and 2b are individually connected to secondary batteries 1a and 1b, respectively. In discharging, current is supplied to the load 5 from the secondary batteries 1a and 1b via the diodes 3a and 3b. During charging, the diodes 3a and 3b are closed, while current is supplied from the charging devices 2a and 2b to the secondary batteries 1a and 1b via the diodes 4a and 4b.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the charging devices 2a and 2b shown in FIG.
- the charging devices 2a and 2b shown in FIG. 2 are configured using, for example, an analog-digital converter and the like, and charge the secondary batteries 1a and 1b with the voltage detection unit 22 that detects the terminal voltage of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b.
- the constant current circuit 23 for outputting the charging current and the control unit 21 are provided.
- the constant current circuit 23 is configured by, for example, a switching power supply circuit.
- the control unit 21 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes predetermined arithmetic processing, a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores a predetermined control program, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) that temporarily stores data. And its peripheral circuits and the like. And the control part 21 functions as the charge control part 211 by running the control program memorize
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- the charging control unit 211 controls the output current value of the constant current circuit 23 according to the terminal voltage V of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b detected by the voltage detection unit 22.
- the number of secondary batteries connected in parallel and the number of charging devices corresponding thereto are not limited to two as long as they are plural.
- the secondary batteries 1a and 1b are not limited to those in which a plurality of control valve-type lead storage batteries B are connected in series, and may each be composed of one control valve-type lead storage battery B.
- the number of secondary batteries and the number of charging devices are two will be described as an example.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the control valve type lead storage battery B shown in FIG. 1, and a plurality of cells B2 are connected to the battery case B1 made of polypropylene resin in the same direction.
- a positive electrode plate B3 and a negative electrode plate B4 are laminated via a separator B5 mainly composed of glass fibers.
- electrode plate group B7 in which electrode plates of the same polarity are integrated by strap B6 is housed in battery case B1.
- the electrode plate group B7 is connected to the electrode plate group of the adjacent cell by the connecting body B9 through the partition wall B8. Further, a lid B11 having an exhaust structure B10 from each cell is welded and integrated on the upper part of the battery case B1 to constitute a control valve type lead storage battery B. Further, the separator B5 is impregnated with an electrolytic solution.
- FIG. 4 is a structural diagram showing an example of the positive electrode plate B3 and the negative electrode plate B4 shown in FIG.
- the positive plate B3 and the negative plate B4 are provided with an upper frame bone B32 at one upper end of the lattice-shaped central bone B31, and a lower frame bone B33 at one lower end of the central bone B31.
- a current collecting ear B34 is connected to the bone B32, and an active material B35 is filled (applied) to the middle bone B31 (and a part of the upper frame bone B32 and the lower frame bone B33), and the positive electrode plate B3, and A part (most part) of the negative electrode plate B4 is covered with the active material B35.
- the length L shown in FIG. 4 is the gravity of the portion covered with the active material B35. It becomes the length of the direction.
- the positive electrode plate B3 and the negative electrode plate B4 have a length L of, for example, 100 mm or more and 200 mm or less.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the charging device 2a shown in FIG. 1, that is, an example of multi-stage (n-stage) constant current charging according to the assembled battery charging method. Since the charging device 2b operates in the same manner as the charging device 2a, the description thereof is omitted. The charging devices 2a and 2b perform the following multi-stage constant current charging by the control operation of the charging control unit 211 included in each of the charging devices 2a and 2b.
- charging current values Ic1 to Icn used for constant current charging a plurality of times (n times) are stored in advance in the ROM of the control unit 21 in the charging devices 2a and 2b, for example.
- the charging current I has the largest current value (Ic1) in the first-stage constant current charging, and the current value (Ic2) becomes smaller than the current value (Ic1) in the second-stage constant current charging.
- the constant current charging of the eye has the smallest current value (Icn).
- step S01 the charging device 2a sets the charging current I to the charging current value Ic1, starts the first-stage constant current charging C1, and charges the secondary battery 1a.
- step S02 it is determined whether or not the voltage V of the secondary battery 1a connected to the charging device 2a is equal to or higher than the first stage charge end voltage Ve1, and if V is less than Ve1 (NO in step S02). If the first stage constant current charging C1 is continued and is equal to or higher than Ve1 (YES in step S02), the first stage constant current charging C1 is terminated.
- step S03 the charging device 2a sets the charging current I to the charging current value Ic2, and the second-stage constant current charging C2 is started.
- step S04 it is determined whether or not the voltage V of the connected secondary battery 1a is equal to or higher than the second stage charge end voltage Ve2, and if the voltage V is less than Ve2 (NO in step S04), the second stage. Constant current charge C2 is continued and if it is equal to or greater than Ve2 (YES in step S04), second-stage constant current charge C2 is terminated.
- step S05 the n-th constant current charging Cn is started.
- step S06 it is determined whether or not the voltage V of the connected secondary battery 1a is equal to or higher than the nth stage charge end voltage Ven. If the voltage V is less than Ven (NO in step S06), the nth stage. If the constant current charge Cn is continued and is equal to or higher than Ven (YES in step S06), the process proceeds to step S07 and the charge is terminated.
- the charging devices connected to the respective series circuits perform the n-stage constant current charging described above.
- the charging device 2b performs multi-stage constant current charging similar to the above steps S01 to S07 on the secondary battery 1b. The effect of this will be described in detail later. It is preferable that the charge end voltage at the same stage does not differ for each series circuit, but the charge end voltages Ve1, Ve2 and Ven at each stage may be the same value or different values.
- the end-of-charge voltages Ve1, Ve2 and Ven at each stage are set to the full charge voltage of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b, the secondary batteries 1a and 1b can be fully charged.
- the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven are collectively referred to as the end-of-charge voltage Ve.
- the lead-acid battery has a property that deterioration due to the flow of charging current is more likely to occur as the SOC (State Of Of Charge) increases. Therefore, constant current charging with the same current value from the state where the SOC is close to 0% to the state where it is almost fully charged is a constant current charging with a small current value that does not deteriorate the lead-acid battery even at the end of charging close to full charge. Need to do.
- the charging devices 2a and 2b shown in FIG. 1 by performing multi-stage constant current charging while gradually decreasing the charging current value, when the SOC at the beginning of charging is small, the SOC at the end of charging is large As a result, the charging current value can be increased more, and as a result, the charging time can be shortened.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the charging behavior of each secondary battery in n-stage constant current charging.
- FIG. 6A shows the behavior of a secondary battery with a low degree of stratification
- FIG. 6B shows the degree of stratification. This shows the behavior of a serious secondary battery.
- the vertical axis represents the charging current (I)
- the horizontal axis represents the required charging time (t).
- a secondary battery with a low degree of stratification has a relatively low internal resistance, so that a voltage generated by a charging current flowing through the internal resistance is small.
- the required time (C1) to reach the control value (Ve1 in step S02 in FIG. 5) is relatively long.
- the constant current from the second stage to the nth stage thereafter The required time (period of constant current charging C2 to Cn) until reaching the control values (Ve2 in step S04 in FIG. 5,...
- a secondary battery having a serious degree of stratification has a relatively large internal resistance, and therefore a large voltage is generated when a charging current flows through the internal resistance.
- the required time (C1) until the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery reaches the control value is relatively short.
- the influence of the internal resistance is reduced as the current value becomes smaller. Therefore, in the constant current charging C2 to Cn from the second stage to the nth stage.
- the time required for reaching the control value becomes relatively long, and as a result, the time required for charging (C1 + C2 +... + Cn-1 + Cn) has a serious degree of stratification.
- the secondary battery is longer than the secondary battery having a low degree of stratification.
- the battery charging system 100 shown in FIG. 1 is arranged in a place where the secondary battery 1b is more likely to be exposed to the outside air than the secondary battery 1a made of a control valve type lead storage battery.
- the stratification becomes serious because the secondary battery 1b has a lower temperature. That is, the execution process of the multi-stage constant current charging for the secondary battery 1a corresponds to FIG. 6A, the execution process of the multi-stage constant current charging for the secondary battery 1b corresponds to FIG. 6B, and the secondary battery with low stratification.
- the charging time is shorter in 1a.
- the degree of elimination of stratification is proportional to the time required for charging, but as described above, according to the battery charging system 100, the secondary battery 1a having a light stratification has a higher degree of stratification. Since the charging time is shorter than that of the battery 1b, the secondary battery 1a, which is lightly stratified, has a smaller stratification elimination action than the secondary battery 1b, which is severely stratified, and therefore the stratification is eliminated. In contrast to the insufficient battery, the secondary battery 1b, which is seriously stratified, has a greater effect of eliminating stratification.
- the end condition of the constant current charging Cn to be executed last is set to a predetermined auxiliary charging time regardless of the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery. It continues for tn.
- the n-th constant current in the last n-th stage charging is often set to a very small value, so the change of the voltage V of the secondary battery with respect to time. Becomes minute. Therefore, it is easy to be influenced by noise near the charge end voltage Ven, and in the determination of the charge end condition based on the voltage (determination of the charge end condition by comparing the charge end voltage Ven and the voltage V in step S06 in FIG. 5), an erroneous determination is made. Is likely to occur.
- the last charge of the constant current charge Cn is continued for a predetermined auxiliary charge time tn regardless of the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery, and then the charge end voltage is required to be delicately determined. It is not necessary to perform a comparison between Ven and voltage V, and the charge end condition can be determined relatively accurately without being influenced by a slight voltage change. As a result, the charge end condition is erroneously determined. The fear is reduced.
- the heights of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are the height of the portion filled with the active material in the current collector that is one element of the electrode plate, that is, the portion of the electrode plate covered with the active material. It means the length in the direction of gravity, and does not include the height dimension of the current collecting ear portion, the upper frame bone connected to the current collecting ear portion, the lower frame bone, and other portions not filled with the active material. However, this is not the case when the thickness of the active material is larger than the thickness of the current collector and the active material is filled in part or all of the upper frame bone and the lower frame bone.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the correlation between the height of the positive electrode and the negative electrode in a control valve type lead-acid battery and charge acceptability, the vertical axis indicates the charge acceptability index (%), and the horizontal axis is the control valve-type lead acid battery.
- the electrode plate heights of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, that is, in this specification, the height (mm) of the active material filling portion is shown.
- charge acceptability is expressed by a charge acceptability index, and each definition is as follows.
- a secondary battery composed of a valve-regulated lead-acid battery having various electrode plate heights is continuously discharged at a constant current up to 1.75 V / cell at a 3-hour rate current at each battery temperature.
- the discharge capacity Qd of the secondary battery is measured.
- the first stage charging current is set to 0.8 CA, and when the cell voltage becomes 2.4 V / cell, the charging current is changed from 0.8 CA to 0.00.
- Five-stage charging was performed by sequentially switching to 6CA, 0.4CA, 0.2CA, and 0.1CA, and the amount of charged electricity Qc1 charged in the first stage of this five-stage charge was measured.
- 1CA 1It.
- 1 It battery capacity (Ah) / 1 (h)) is such that when the nominal capacity value of the secondary battery is discharged at a current value of 1 It, the remaining capacity of the secondary battery becomes zero in one hour. Current value.
- the charge acceptance ⁇ the ratio (Qc1 / Qd) of the charge electricity quantity Qc1 to the discharge capacity Qd described above was defined as the charge acceptance ⁇ .
- the charge acceptability ⁇ of a secondary battery composed of a control valve type lead storage battery having a battery temperature of 25 ° C. and an electrode plate height of 100 mm is defined as a standard charge acceptability ⁇ r, and each temperature and each electrode plate height
- the charge acceptability ⁇ of the secondary battery is expressed as a percentage with respect to ⁇ r, and this is taken as the charge acceptability index (%) on the vertical axis of FIG.
- control valve type lead acid battery has less electrolyte than the liquid lead acid battery, so the difference in sulfuric acid concentration between the lower and upper parts of the battery is difficult to alleviate (diffusing SO 4 2- is difficult). Is).
- the difference in sulfuric acid concentration between the lower part and the upper part of the battery is particularly difficult to relax, and stratification becomes remarkable.
- the charge acceptance in a low temperature environment is reduced.
- high-rate charging with a large current value becomes difficult.
- the control valve type lead placed in the low temperature environment The time required for charging a storage battery (secondary battery) is longer than the time required for charging a control valve type lead-acid battery (secondary battery) placed in a high-temperature environment, and the degree of stratification for each secondary battery becomes uniform. .
- the results of FIG. 7 show that stratification becomes more prominent in a control valve type lead acid battery having a positive electrode and a negative electrode height of 100 mm or more, while stratification is achieved in a control valve type lead acid battery whose electrode plate height is less than 100 mm. Shows that only a few occur.
- the assembled battery charging method and the battery charging system according to the third embodiment of the present invention include, for example, a series circuit (secondary battery) in which a plurality of control valve type lead storage batteries are connected in series and connected in parallel.
- a charging method for a battery pack to be connected wherein a charging device is connected to each series circuit, each of the charging devices detects a charging voltage of each series circuit, and the current value is n ⁇ 1 (where n is When performing n-stage constant current charging in which constant current charging is repeated a plurality of times with an integer of 2 or more times, the amount of energized electricity in each series circuit is changed based on the thermal history of each series circuit.
- the thermal history of each series circuit (for example, how and in which region the assembled battery is used, and how much environmental temperature difference occurs between each series circuit)
- the amount of energized electricity in each series circuit is changed without relying only on the latest environmental temperature. This makes it possible to accurately determine a series circuit in which stratification is more severe (having a long history in a low-temperature environment), and increase the amount of energized electricity in this series circuit for more active stratification elimination (oxygen gas generation) Reaction) and the degree of elimination of stratification between series circuits can be made more uniform.
- the charged amount of electricity means the amount of electricity actually stored in the secondary battery (control valve type lead storage battery), and the energized amount of electricity means the amount of electricity supplied from the charging device to the secondary battery. It shall be.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a battery charging system according to the third embodiment.
- the battery charging system 100 ′ shown in FIG. 8 is different from the battery charging system 100 shown in FIG. 1 in that it further includes a processing unit 6 (energization electricity amount setting unit), temperature measurement units 7a and 7b, and a current detection unit described later. And the configurations of the charging devices 2a ′ and 2b ′ are different. Since the other configuration is the same as that of the battery charging system 100 shown in FIG. 1, the description thereof will be omitted, and the characteristic points of the present embodiment will be described below.
- the temperature measuring units 7a and 7b are temperature sensors configured using, for example, a thermistor or a thermocouple.
- the temperature measuring units 7a and 7b are disposed, for example, in the vicinity of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b, and detect the temperatures of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b, respectively.
- the temperature measuring units 7a and 7b may be arranged, for example, in the battery case B1 of the control valve type lead storage battery B or on the outer wall surface to directly detect the temperature of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b.
- the temperature of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b may be indirectly detected by detecting the temperature in the vicinity of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b.
- the processing unit 6 is a control circuit configured using, for example, a microcomputer.
- the processing unit 6 corresponds to an example of an energized electricity amount setting unit.
- the processing unit 6 calculates an integrated value of the temperature of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b measured by the temperature measuring units 7a and 7b in a preset setting period as a heat history value Hr indicating the heat history,
- the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven in the charging devices 2a ′ and 2b ′ are set so that the secondary battery having a larger history value Hr decreases the total energization amount in multi-stage constant current charging.
- the processing unit 6 is provided with a storage unit 61 (first storage unit) configured by, for example, a ROM, and the storage unit 61 has a large heat history value Hr (integrated value, maximum value).
- the thermal history value table which is a look-up table (LUT) in which the thermal history values Hr and the charging termination voltages Ve1 to Ven are associated with each other, is stored in advance so that the charging termination voltages Ve1 to Ven decrease.
- the voltages Ve1 to Ven are information indicating the total amount of energized electricity.
- the thermal history value Hr is calculated from the temperatures detected by the temperature measuring units 7a and 7b, and corresponds to information on each temperature.
- the processing unit 6 refers to the heat history value table, and sets the charge end voltages Ve1 to Ven in the charging devices 2a ′ and 2b ′ to smaller values as the heat history value Hr is larger, so that the heat history value Hr is larger.
- the amount of energized electricity is controlled so that the total amount of energized electricity in multistage constant current charging is reduced as the secondary battery is charged.
- the set period for example, a period from when the multistage constant current charging is performed last time by the charging devices 2a and 2b until a new multistage constant current charge is started is set.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the charging devices 2a 'and 2b' shown in FIG.
- the charging devices 2a 'and 2b' shown in FIG. 9 are different from the charging devices 2a and 2b shown in FIG. 2 in the configuration of the control unit 21 '.
- the control unit 21 ′ includes a timing unit 212, a target energized electricity amount acquiring unit 213, an energized electricity amount detecting unit 214, an auxiliary charging time calculating unit 215, an auxiliary charging time correcting unit 216, and a storage unit 217 (second storage unit). In addition, it differs from the control unit 21 shown in FIG.
- the timing unit 212, the target energized electricity amount acquiring unit 213, the energized electricity amount detecting unit 214, the auxiliary charging time calculating unit 215, the auxiliary charging time correcting unit 216, and the storage unit 217 are provided in the charging devices 2a ′ and 2b ′, respectively.
- these units are provided in the processing unit 6, for example, and the auxiliary charging time tn corresponding to each secondary battery obtained by the auxiliary charging time calculation unit 215 and the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216, It is good also as a structure which transmits to the control part 21 'in charging device 2a', 2b 'from the process part 6.
- the charging control unit 211 ′ determines the point at which multistage constant current charging is performed and the last constant current charging Cn based on the charging end voltages Ve1 to Ven set by the processing unit 6 as the auxiliary charging time calculation unit 215. 2 is different from the charging control unit 211 shown in FIG. 2 in that it continues regardless of the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery for the auxiliary charging time calculated by the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216.
- the timer unit 212 is configured by using, for example, a timer circuit, and counts the duration tc1 of the constant current charge C1 that is executed first among the constant current charges that are repeated in the multistage constant current charge.
- the storage unit 217 is configured by using, for example, a ROM, and is a lookup table that associates the duration tc1 with the energized electricity amount Qf that is the energized electricity amount necessary to fully charge the secondary batteries 1a and 1b. LUT) is stored in advance. That is, since the duration tc1 of the constant current charging C1 becomes longer as the SOC of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b when the execution of the first constant current charging C1 is started is smaller, the SOC and the duration of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b are continued. There is a correlation with the time tc1.
- the storage unit 217 stores in advance a charging efficiency coefficient table that is a lookup table (LUT) that associates the thermal history value Hr with the charging efficiency coefficient Kc.
- the charging efficiency coefficient Kc is the ratio (Qr) of the charged electricity quantity Qr actually charged in the secondary batteries 1a and 1b to the energized electricity quantity Qc supplied from the charging devices 2a 'and 2b' to the secondary batteries 1a and 1b.
- / Qc) is the reciprocal (Qc / Qr) of the charging efficiency.
- the control valve type lead-acid battery B has a property that the stratification is less likely to occur as the temperature is higher, and the charging efficiency is improved. Therefore, as the thermal history value Hr increases, the charging efficiency improves and the charging efficiency coefficient Kc decreases. Such a correspondence relationship between the thermal history value Hr and the charging efficiency coefficient Kc is obtained experimentally in advance and stored in the storage unit 217 as a charging efficiency coefficient table, for example.
- control unit 21 ′ executes, for example, a control program stored in the ROM, so that the target energization amount acquisition unit 213, the energization amount detection unit 214, the auxiliary charge time calculation unit 215, and the auxiliary charge time correction unit It functions as 216.
- a current detection unit 8a is connected between the secondary battery 1a and the diode 3a, and a current detection unit 8b is connected between the secondary battery 1b and the diode 3b. Has been.
- the current detection units 8a and 8b are configured using, for example, a current detection element such as a current detection shunt resistor or a Hall element, an analog-digital converter, or the like. Then, the current detection units 8a and 8b detect the current flowing through the secondary batteries 1a and 1b and output a signal indicating the current value to the control unit 21 '.
- a current detection element such as a current detection shunt resistor or a Hall element, an analog-digital converter, or the like. Then, the current detection units 8a and 8b detect the current flowing through the secondary batteries 1a and 1b and output a signal indicating the current value to the control unit 21 '.
- the target energized electricity acquisition unit 213 refers to the storage unit 217, and uses the energized electricity amount stored in association with the duration tc1 timed by the time measuring unit 212 in the secondary battery 1a, 1b in the multistage constant current charging. Is obtained as a target energized electricity amount Qt, which is a target value of the energized electricity amount to be supplied to.
- the energized electricity amount detection unit 214 is a unit of the current value detected by the current detection units 8a and 8b, for example, from the start of multi-stage constant current charging to the start of the last constant current charging Cn. By integrating each time, the amount of electricity Qc supplied from the constant current circuit 23 to the secondary batteries 1a and 1b is detected.
- the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 refers to the charging efficiency coefficient table stored in the storage unit 217, and calculates the charging efficiency coefficient Kc associated with the heat history value Hr calculated by the processing unit 6 as the target energization electricity.
- the target energization electricity amount Qt is corrected by multiplying the target energization electricity amount Qt acquired by the amount acquisition unit 213.
- the auxiliary charge time corrector 216 corrects the target energized electricity amount Qt.
- the supplementary charging time tn is corrected to be shortened as the thermal history value Hr increases.
- the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 is not limited to the example of correcting the target energized electricity amount Qt, and may directly correct the auxiliary charging time tn calculated by the auxiliary charging time calculation unit 215.
- the auxiliary charging time calculation unit 215 obtains the target energization electricity amount Qt acquired by the target energization electricity amount acquisition unit 213 or corrected by the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216, and the energization electricity amount Qc detected by the energization electricity amount detection unit 214. Based on the charging current value (set current value) Icn in the constant current charging Cn that is executed last, the auxiliary charging time tn is calculated using the following equation (1).
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation of calculating the heat history value Hr for the secondary battery 1a by the processing unit 6 illustrated in FIG.
- the processing unit 6 stands by until an end notification of multi-stage constant current charging is received from the charging device 2a ′ (NO in step S11).
- the processing unit 6 proceeds to step S12. Calculation of the integrated value Xa is started.
- step S12 the processing unit 6 integrates the temperature ta measured by the temperature measuring unit 7a every unit time, and calculates an integrated value Xa (step S12).
- the processing unit 6 continues to accumulate the accumulated value Xa until new charging by the charging device 2a 'is started (NO in step S13).
- the integrated value Xa integrated so far is transmitted as the heat history value Hr to the charging device 2a '(step S14).
- the thermal history value Hr can be used as an index representing the degree of stratification of the secondary battery 1a. That is, it is considered that stratification progresses as the thermal history value Hr is smaller.
- the processing unit 6 refers to the heat history value table, acquires the charge end voltages Ve1 to Ven stored in association with the heat history value Hr, and transmits them to the charging device 2a '(step S15).
- the processing unit 6 executes steps S21 to S25 shown in FIG. 11 in parallel with steps S11 to S15, thereby performing the same processing as steps S11 to S15 on the secondary battery 1b and the charging device 2b ′.
- the thermal history value Hr corresponding to the temperature of the secondary battery 1b and the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven are transmitted to the charging device 2b ′.
- the processing unit 6 preliminarily calculates the heat history value Hr at the start of charging (YES in steps S13 and S23), for example, when the multistage constant current charging has not been performed yet.
- the set standard heat history value Hr and end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven may be transmitted to the charging devices 2a ′ and 2b ′.
- the processing unit 6 performs the processes of steps S11 to S15 and S21 to S25 so that the secondary battery having the larger thermal history value Hr decreases the total energized electricity amount in the multistage constant current charging.
- the amount of electricity can be controlled by '.
- the thermal history value Hr is calculated by accumulating the temperature cumulatively regardless of the execution state of the multistage constant current charge, the variation in stratification has already been eliminated by the execution of the multistage constant current charge.
- the heat history value Hr is calculated including the temperature state of the period during which the heat history value Hr may not correctly reflect the degree of stratification.
- the processing unit 6 calculates the thermal history value Hr in a set period from the end of the previous multi-stage constant current charge to the start of the next multi-stage constant current charge. Therefore, by eliminating the influence of stratification considered to have been eliminated by the previous multistage constant current charging from the heat history value Hr, the accuracy of reflecting the degree of stratification in the heat history value Hr can be improved. .
- the setting period is not limited to the period from the end of the previous multi-stage constant current charging to the start of the next multi-stage constant current charging, and may be a period set in advance, for example.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 are flowcharts showing an example of the operation of the charging devices 2a 'and 2b' shown in FIG.
- the charging devices 2a 'and 2b' execute the processes shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 in parallel.
- operations of the charging devices 2a 'and 2b' will be described collectively.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of changes in the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery 1a and the charging current I accompanying charging by the charging device 2a 'shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of changes in the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery 1b and the charging current I accompanying charging by the charging device 2b '. 14 and 15 show an example in which the secondary battery 1b (FIG. 15) is more stratified than the secondary battery 1a (FIG. 14).
- control unit 21 'receives the thermal history value Hr and the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven from the processing unit 6 before starting the charging of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b (step S31).
- the energized electricity detection unit 214 integrates the current values detected by the current detectors 8a and 8b, for example, per unit time, and starts the accumulation of the energized electricity Qc (step S32).
- the time tc1 of the constant current charge C1 is started (step S33).
- step S34 the charging control unit 211 sets the charging current I output from the constant current circuit 23 to the charging current value Ic1, and starts the first stage constant current charging C1 (timing T1). Secondary batteries 1a and 1b are charged (step S34). Next, the charge control unit 211 determines whether or not the voltage V of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b is equal to or higher than the first-stage charge end voltage Ve1, and if the terminal voltage V is less than Ve1, the first-stage charge is determined. The constant current charging C1 is continued (NO in step S35), and if it is equal to or higher than Ve1, the first stage constant current charging C1 is terminated (YES in step S35, timing T2).
- the heat history value Hr calculated by the processing unit 6 is the secondary battery 1a secondary.
- the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven transmitted (set) to the charging device 2a ′ by the processing unit 6 are the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven transmitted (set) to the charging device 2b ′.
- the voltage is lower.
- the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven transmitted (set) to the charging device 2a ′ are voltages Va.
- the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven transmitted (set) to the charging device 2b ′ are set.
- An example is shown in which Ven is the voltage Vb. In this case, Va ⁇ Vb.
- the amount of energized electricity supplied to the secondary battery 1a which is considered to be less affected by stratification by being placed in a high temperature environment and having higher charging efficiency, is placed in a lower temperature environment.
- the amount of electricity supplied to the secondary battery 1b which is considered to be low in charging efficiency, is reduced.
- the difference in the amount of charge actually charged in the secondary batteries 1a and 1b (Dispersion) is reduced.
- step S35 When the constant current charging C1 ends (YES in step S35, timing T2), the duration tc1 timed by the time counting unit 212 is acquired by the target energization electricity amount acquisition unit 213 (step S36), and the target energization electricity amount
- the obtaining unit 213 refers to the energized electricity amount table in the storage unit 217, and obtains the energized electricity amount stored in association with the duration tc1 as the target energized electricity amount Qt (step S37).
- the charging efficiency coefficient Kc associated with the thermal history value Hr received from the processing unit 6 is referred to by the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 by referring to the charging efficiency coefficient table stored in the storage unit 217. Obtained (step S38). Then, the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 multiplies the target energization electricity amount Qt acquired by the target energization electricity amount acquisition unit 213 by the charging efficiency coefficient Kc to correct the target energization electricity amount Qt (step S39). .
- the processing unit 6 performs steps S11 to S15 and S21 to S25.
- the secondary batteries 1a and 1b are actually set as described above by setting the charge end voltages Ve1 to Ven to a small value so that the secondary battery having a large heat history value Hr reduces the amount of electricity supplied in multi-stage constant current charging.
- a secondary battery having a large heat history value Hr has a reduced amount of energized electricity Qc and has a long auxiliary charge time tn in step S45.
- the charging time of the final constant current charge Cn is extended, the amount of energized electricity is increased, and the effect of reducing the variation in the amount of charged electricity by the processing unit 6 is offset. There is a Les.
- the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 corrects the target energization electricity amount Qt to be smaller and the auxiliary charging time tn to be shorter as the heat history value Hr becomes larger. The possibility that the effect of reducing the variation in the amount of charged electricity by the unit 6 is offset is reduced.
- step S41 the charging control unit 211 sets the charging current I output from the constant current circuit 23 to the charging current value Ic2, and starts the second stage constant current charging C2 (timing T2). Secondary batteries 1a and 1b are charged (step S41). Next, the charge control unit 211 determines whether or not the terminal voltage V of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b is equal to or higher than the second stage charge end voltage Ve2, and if the terminal voltage V is less than the end charge voltage Ve2. The second-stage constant current charging C2 is continued (NO in step S42), and the second-stage constant current charging C2 is terminated (YES in step S42) if the charge termination voltage Ve2 or higher.
- the constant current charging is repeated while sequentially decreasing the charging current value, and when the (n-1) th (last last) constant current charging (n-1) is completed (YES in step S44), the auxiliary charging time is calculated.
- the auxiliary charging time is calculated. Based on the energized electricity quantity Qc, the target energized electricity quantity Qt, and the charging current value (set current value) Icn accumulated by the energized electricity quantity detection unit 214 by the unit 215, the auxiliary charging time tn using the above equation (1). Is calculated (step S45).
- the charging control unit 211 sets the charging current I output from the constant current circuit 23 to the charging current value Icn, and starts the n-th (final) constant current charging Cn (timing T3). Secondary batteries 1a and 1b are charged (step S46).
- step S47 the elapsed time t after the start of the constant current charging Cn is measured by the timer unit 212, and the elapsed time t and the auxiliary charging time tn are compared by the charging control unit 211 (step S47).
- the charging control unit 211 sets the current output by the constant current circuit 23 to zero and ends the multistage constant current charging (step S48).
- the charging control unit 211 notifies the processing unit 6 that the multistage constant current charging has been completed (step S49), and the processing ends.
- the auxiliary charging time calculation unit 215 acquires the amount of electricity supplied to the secondary batteries 1a and 1b through the entire multistage constant current charging by the target electricity supply amount acquisition unit 213, and The secondary battery 1a, 1b is fully charged because the battery is charged with the last constant current charge Cn so that the target energized electricity quantity Qt is corrected by the temperature effect (stratification effect) by the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216. Improves charging accuracy.
- the processing unit 6 may acquire the maximum values of the temperatures ta and tb in the set period as the heat history value Hr in steps S12 to S14 and S22 to S24. Thereby, the acquisition process of the heat history value Hr can be simplified.
- the processing unit 6 determines the thermal history that the processing unit 6 has passed through the secondary batteries 1a and 1b based on the temperature information from the temperature measurement units 7a and 7b that are brought close to the secondary batteries 1a and 1b, and these You may make it instruct
- the processing unit 6 decreases the amount of energized electricity as the time during which the temperature is high is longer among the secondary batteries 1a and 1b. Specifically, the processing unit 6 processes the temperature measured by the temperature measuring units 7a and 7b together with the time measured by a timer (not shown).
- the processing unit 6 May instruct the charging device 2a so that the amount of energized electricity is smaller than that of the charging device 2b in accordance with the difference between the totals T of both.
- the processing unit 6 decreases the amount of electricity supplied as the temperature of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b increases. Specifically, the processing unit 6 stores the maximum temperature (Tmax) of each of the temperatures measured by the temperature measuring units 7a and 7b. If the maximum temperature Tmax of the secondary battery 1b is higher than the maximum temperature Tmax of the secondary battery 1a, the processing unit 6 energizes the charging device 2a from the charging device 2b according to the difference between the two Tmax. Command the amount of electricity to be small.
- the energized electricity amount can be changed by changing the charging current or the end-of-charge voltage in the charging devices 2a and 2b.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the charging behavior of each series circuit in n-stage constant current charging, where (a) shows the behavior of the series circuit with a serious degree of stratification, and (b) shows the degree of stratification. It shows the behavior of a minor series circuit. Note that the vertical axis in FIG. 3 indicates the charging current (I), and the horizontal axis indicates the required charging time (t).
- the secondary battery (a) having a high degree of stratification requires charging more than the secondary battery (b) having a low degree of stratification.
- the degree of stratification for each secondary battery that has been scattered becomes uniform. And the possibility that the battery capacity of the whole assembled battery will reduce by reducing the variation in stratification between each secondary battery in this way is also reduced.
- stratification is more severe (low temperature environment) by changing the amount of electricity (charging current value) in each series circuit based on the thermal history passed through each series circuit.
- a series circuit having a long history can promote a stratification elimination reaction (oxygen gas generation reaction) more actively. That is, it becomes possible to make the degree of stratification elimination between series circuits more uniform.
- the energized electricity amount may be changed for each series circuit based on a table for determining the energized electricity amount corresponding to the thermal history of the control valve type lead storage battery.
- “Change the amount of energized electricity for each series circuit based on a table for determining the amount of energized electricity according to the thermal history of the control valve type lead storage battery” can be selected from at least the following two methods.
- the table is set so that the amount of energized electricity decreases as the time during which the temperature of the control valve type lead storage battery is high is longer.
- the processing unit 6 processes the temperature measured by the temperature measuring units 7a and 7b together with the time measured by a timer (not shown).
- the processing unit 6 collates the difference between the two sums T with the table stored in the processing unit 6.
- the table is set to be unified to a constant charging current if the difference of the total sum T is within a certain range. Then, based on the collation result with this table, the processing unit 6 supposes that the time when the temperature of the secondary battery 1b is higher than that of the secondary battery 1a is longer (according to this example, the T of the secondary battery 1b is If it is larger than T of the secondary battery 1a), the charging device 2a is instructed to make the amount of energized electricity smaller than that of the charging device 2b.
- the table is set so that the higher the temperature of the control valve type lead-acid battery, the smaller the amount of energized electricity.
- the processing unit 6 stores the maximum temperature (Tmax) of each of the temperatures measured by the temperature measuring units 7a and 7b. Then, the processing unit 6 collates the difference between both Tmax with the table stored in the processing unit 6. The table is set to be unified to a constant charging current if the difference in Tmax is within a certain range. Based on the comparison result with this table, the processing unit 6 energizes the charging device 2a from the charging device 2b if the maximum temperature Tmax of the secondary battery 1b is higher than the maximum temperature Tmax of the secondary battery 1a. Command the amount of electricity to be small.
- the assembled battery charging method and the battery charging system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention include, for example, a parallel connection of a series circuit (secondary battery) in which a plurality of control valve type lead storage batteries are connected in series.
- a method for charging an assembled battery connected to a load is used.
- a charging device is connected to each series circuit, each of the charging devices detects the charging voltage of each series circuit, and sets the current value n ⁇ 1 (where n is an integer of 2 or more) times. N-stage constant current charging is performed. Then, the amount of charge in each series circuit is changed in consideration of the environmental temperature to which each series circuit is exposed.
- each series circuit is exposed (for example, arrangement of series circuits, heat generation from other on-vehicle devices and radiation heat generated by the arrangement of the devices)
- the elimination reaction oxygen gas generation reaction
- the elimination reaction can be promoted. That is, it becomes possible to make the degree of stratification elimination between series circuits more uniform.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a battery charging system 100 ′′ according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the charging devices 2a ′′ and 2b ′′ shown in FIG.
- the battery charging system 100 ′′ changes the charging current from the charging devices 2 a and 2 b connected to the series circuit according to a command from the processing unit 6 in consideration of the environmental temperature to which the secondary batteries 1 a and 1 b are exposed.
- the charging current in each series circuit is changed in consideration of the environmental temperature to which the series circuit is exposed means the influence of the environmental temperature that has been clarified in advance by experimental results and simulation (for example, the arrangement of series circuits)
- the processing unit 9 stores the temperature difference Td between the temperature of the battery surface affected by heat generated from other devices mounted on the vehicle and the radiant heat generated by the arrangement of the devices, and the temperature inside the battery.
- the charging current or the end-of-charge voltage is changed between the secondary batteries 1a and 1b based on the memory.
- a larger amount of charge electricity is given to the secondary battery 1a by setting a higher charge end voltage than the charging device 2b connected to the secondary battery 1b.
- the secondary battery 1a which is not easily influenced by the environmental temperature and is easily exposed to a low temperature and becomes more seriously stratified, generates a larger amount of oxygen gas than the secondary battery 1b. It is easier to eliminate stratification.
- the secondary battery 1b that is lightly stratified generates less oxygen gas than the secondary battery 1a, and as a result, the elimination of stratification is difficult to proceed.
- the degree of elimination of the stratification between the series circuits is easily made uniform, and the maximum deterioration factor in the assembled battery called “variation in the degree of deterioration between series circuits” is easily eliminated.
- the battery charging system 100 ′′ shown in FIG. 17 differs from the battery charging system 100 ′ shown in FIG. 8 in that the operation of the processing unit 9 (energized electricity amount setting unit) is different from the processing unit 6.
- the charging control unit 211 ′ included in the control unit 21 ′′ in the charging devices 2a ′′ and 2b ′′ shown in FIG. 18 performs multi-stage constant current charging based on the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven set by the processing unit 9. It differs from the charging control unit 211 shown in FIG. 9 in that it is executed.
- the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 ′ acquires the charging efficiency coefficient Kc based on the internal temperature of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b estimated by the processing unit 9, and thus the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 shown in FIG. And different.
- the charging efficiency coefficient table stored in advance in the storage unit 217 ' is different from the storage unit 217 in that it is a lookup table (LUT) that associates the internal temperature Ti with the charging efficiency coefficient Kc.
- the timing unit 212, the target energized electricity amount acquiring unit 213, the energized electricity amount detecting unit 214, the auxiliary charging time calculating unit 215, the auxiliary charging time correcting unit 216 ′, and the storage unit 217 ′ are included in the charging devices 2a ′′ and 2b. However, each of these units is provided, for example, in the processing unit 9, and the auxiliary battery corresponding to each secondary battery obtained by the auxiliary charging time calculation unit 215 or the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 ′ is provided.
- the charging time tn may be transmitted from the processing unit 9 to the control unit 21 ′′ in the charging devices 2a ′′ and 2b ′′.
- the processing unit 9 is a control circuit configured using, for example, a microcomputer.
- the processing unit 9 is provided with a storage unit 91 (temperature information storage unit) configured by, for example, a ROM.
- a storage unit 91 temperature information storage unit
- temperature information indicating a temperature difference Td which is a difference (relation) between the internal temperature of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b and the temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit 7a, For example, it is experimentally obtained in advance and stored.
- the temperature difference Td is calculated, for example, by subtracting the actual temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit 7a from the internal temperature of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b. When the internal temperature is higher than the actual temperature, the temperature difference Td is positive. When the internal temperature is lower than the actually measured temperature, the temperature difference Td shows a negative value.
- the processing unit 9 includes a fully charged voltage Vf at a preset reference temperature T0 of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b, a temperature coefficient k representing the relationship between the temperature and the fully charged voltage, and an actual temperature Tr measured by the temperature measuring unit 7a. Based on the temperature difference Td stored in the storage unit 91, the end-of-charge voltage Ve is calculated and set using the following equation (A).
- the temperature coefficient k is a coefficient indicating the amount of change in the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven per 1 ° C change in temperature.
- k 0.03.
- (Tr + Td) in the formula (A) is the internal temperature Ti.
- the processing unit 9 estimates the internal temperature Ti of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b by adding the actually measured temperature Tr and the temperature difference Td, and the estimated values are used as the charging devices 2a '' and 2b '', respectively. Send to.
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which three secondary batteries obtained by adding the secondary battery 1c to the secondary batteries 1a and 1b are arranged in close contact with each other.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram for describing an example of temperature information stored in the storage unit 91.
- the temperature information shown in FIG. 20 includes the outside temperature Ta in the vicinity of the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, and 1c, the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, and the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, and 1c as shown in FIG.
- It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the measurement result which measured the surface temperature Ts of 1c, and internal temperature Ti. Each temperature is measured in a state where a standard charge / discharge current assumed in the actual use state of the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, and 1c is passed.
- the surface temperature Ts of the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, 1c is 30 due to self-heating caused by charging / discharging of the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, 1c.
- the surface temperature of the secondary battery 1b in which both sides were sandwiched between other secondary batteries was highest, at 6 ° C, 35.8 ° C, and 31.2 ° C.
- the internal temperature Ti was 31.6 ° C, 33.9 ° C, and 32.3 ° C.
- the temperature difference Tsa + temperature difference Tis + temperature difference in the temperature information shown in FIG. Tss indicates the temperature difference Td.
- the temperature difference Tis + temperature difference Tss in the temperature information shown in FIG. 20 indicates the temperature difference Td.
- the temperature measuring unit 7a is arranged to measure the surface temperature Ts of the secondary battery 1a.
- the actually measured temperature Tr measured by the temperature measuring unit 7a is 30.6 ° C.
- the reference temperature T0 is 25.
- the charge end voltage Ve set by the processing unit 9 corresponding to the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, and 1c when the full charge voltage Vf is 14.4 ° C. is shown.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, and 1c are disposed in close contact with each other, and a power source that is a heating element is disposed on the secondary battery 1c side.
- FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram for describing an example of temperature information stored in the storage unit 91. 23, the secondary battery 1a, 1b, 1c and the power source are arranged as shown in FIG. 22, and the secondary battery 1a is most susceptible to the radiant heat from the power source.
- 1b, 1c is an explanatory view showing an example of measurement results obtained by measuring an outside air temperature Ta, a power source surface temperature Tp, a secondary battery 1a, 1b, 1c surface temperature Ts, and an internal temperature Ti. Each temperature is measured in a state where a standard charge / discharge current assumed in the actual use state of the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, and 1c is passed.
- the surface temperatures Ts of the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, 1c are 30.6 ° C., 31.3 ° C.
- the surface temperature of the secondary battery 1c which is easily affected by radiant heat from the power source, was the highest.
- the internal temperature Ti was measured by making holes in the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, and 1c
- the internal temperature Ti was 31.6 ° C, 32.3 ° C, and 31.5 ° C.
- the temperature difference Tss from the surface temperature of the battery was 0.0 ° C., 1.5 ° C., and 4.0 ° C.
- the temperature difference Tsa + temperature difference Tis + temperature difference in the temperature information shown in FIG. Tss indicates the temperature difference Td.
- the temperature difference Tis + temperature difference Tss in the temperature information shown in FIG. 23 indicates the temperature difference Td.
- the temperature measurement unit 7a is arranged to measure the surface temperature Ts of the secondary battery 1a.
- the actually measured temperature Tr measured by the temperature measurement unit 7a is 30.6 ° C.
- the reference temperature T0 is 25.
- the charge end voltage Ve set by the processing unit 9 corresponding to the secondary batteries 1a, 1b, and 1c when the full charge voltage Vf is 14.4 ° C. is shown.
- FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of the processing unit 9 illustrated in FIG.
- the processing unit 9 refers to the storage unit 91, and acquires the temperature difference Td corresponding to the secondary battery 1a from the temperature information stored in the storage unit 91 (step S51).
- the processing unit 9 adds the measured temperature Tr measured by the temperature measuring unit 7a and the temperature difference Td to estimate the internal temperature Ti of the secondary battery 1a (step S52). Then, the processing unit 9 calculates the end-of-charge voltage Ve by using the temperature difference Td corresponding to the secondary battery 1a and the formula (A) (step S53), and the estimated 2 is supplied to the charging device 2a ''. The internal temperature Ti of the secondary battery 1a and the end-of-charge voltage Ve are transmitted (step S54).
- steps S55 to S58 the processing unit 9 performs the same processing as in steps 51 to S54 on the secondary battery 1b, thereby obtaining the estimated internal temperature Ti and charge end voltage Ve for the secondary battery 1b. It transmits to charging device 2b ''.
- steps S51 to S58 differs depending on the temperature conditions to be exposed, such as being interposed between other secondary batteries or being susceptible to thermal radiation from a heat source such as a power source.
- the actual internal temperature Ti is estimated for the secondary batteries 1a and 1b, and the end-of-charge voltage Ve is set according to the internal temperature Ti.
- the secondary battery having a large temperature difference Td that is, the internal temperature Ti is high and the stratification hardly occurs (the stratification is light) depending on the temperature condition to be exposed.
- the secondary battery having a small temperature difference Td that is, the internal temperature Ti is low and stratification is likely to occur (serious stratification) has a higher end-of-charge voltage Ve.
- the secondary battery that is less likely to cause stratification reduces the effect of eliminating stratification
- the secondary battery that is more likely to cause stratification has the effect of eliminating stratification. Therefore, the variation in stratification between the secondary batteries is reduced.
- 26 and 27 are flowcharts showing an example of the operation of the charging devices 2a "and 2b" shown in FIG.
- the charging devices 2 a ′′ and 2 b ′′ execute the processes shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 in parallel.
- the operations of the charging devices 2 a ′′ and 2 b ′′ will be described collectively.
- FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of changes in the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery 1a and the charging current I accompanying charging by the charging device 2a '' shown in FIG.
- FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of changes in the terminal voltage V of the secondary battery 1b and the charging current I accompanying charging by the charging device 2b ''.
- the secondary battery 1b (FIG. 29) is more easily exposed to a lower temperature than the secondary battery 1a (FIG. 28), and the temperature difference Td is small and stratified. Shows an example of progress.
- control unit 21 ′′ receives the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven and the internal temperature Ti from the processing unit 9 (step S61).
- the energized electricity detection unit 214 integrates the current values detected by the current detectors 8a and 8b, for example, per unit time, and starts the accumulation of the energized electricity Qc (step S62).
- the time tc1 of the constant current charge C1 is started (step S63).
- step S64 the charging control unit 211 ′ sets the charging current I output from the constant current circuit 23 to the charging current value Ic1, and starts the first stage constant current charging C1 (timing T11). Secondary batteries 1a and 1b are charged (step S64). Next, the charge control unit 211 ′ determines whether or not the voltage V of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b is equal to or higher than the first stage charge end voltage Ve1, and if the terminal voltage V is less than Ve1, the first stage. Constant current charge C1 is continued (NO in step S65), and if it is equal to or greater than Ve1, the first stage constant current charge C1 is terminated (YES in step S65, timing T12).
- the temperature stored in the storage unit 91 The temperature difference Td indicated by the information is such that the secondary battery 1a has a larger value than the secondary battery 1b.
- the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven transmitted (set) to the charging device 2a '' by the processing unit 9 Is set to a voltage lower than the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven transmitted (set) to the charging device 2b ′′.
- the end-of-charge voltages Ve1 to Ven transmitted (set) to the charging device 2a ′′ are the voltage Va.
- Ve1 to Ven are the voltage Vb, and in this case, Va ⁇ Vb.
- the duration tc1 timed by the time measuring unit 212 is acquired by the target energization electricity amount acquisition unit 213 (step S66), and the target energization electricity amount
- the obtaining unit 213 refers to the energized electricity amount table in the storage unit 217, and obtains the energized electricity amount stored in association with the duration tc1 as the target energized electricity amount Qt (step S67).
- the charging efficiency coefficient table Cc stored in the storage unit 217 is referred to by the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 ′, and the charging efficiency coefficient Kc associated with the internal temperature Ti received from the processing unit 9 is determined. Obtained (step S68). Then, the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 ′ multiplies the target energization electricity amount Qt acquired by the target energization electricity amount acquisition unit 213 by the charging efficiency coefficient Kc to correct the target energization electricity amount Qt (step S69). ).
- the higher the internal temperature Ti the smaller the target energized electricity amount Qt and the shorter the supplementary charging time tn.
- the internal temperature Ti is obtained by the processing of the processing unit 9 in steps S51 to S58.
- the secondary batteries 1a and 1b are actually charged as described above by setting the charge end voltages Ve1 to Ven to a small value so that the higher the secondary battery, the smaller the energization amount in multi-stage constant current charging.
- the amount of energized electricity Qc is reduced and the supplementary charging time tn is set to a long time in step S75.
- the charging time of the final constant current charge Cn may be extended to increase the amount of energized electricity, and the effect of reducing variation in the amount of charged electricity by the processing unit 9 may be offset.
- the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 ′ corrects the target energization electricity amount Qt to be smaller and the auxiliary charging time tn to be shorter as the internal temperature Ti increases. The possibility that the effect of reducing the variation in the amount of charged electricity by the processing unit 9 is offset is reduced.
- step S71 the charging control unit 211 ′ sets the charging current I output from the constant current circuit 23 to the charging current value Ic2, and the second stage constant current charging C2 is started (timing T12).
- the secondary batteries 1a and 1b are charged (step S71).
- the charge control unit 211 ′ determines whether or not the terminal voltage V of the secondary batteries 1a and 1b is equal to or higher than the second stage charge end voltage Ve2, and if the terminal voltage V is less than the end charge voltage Ve2.
- the second-stage constant current charge C2 is continued (NO in step S72), and if it is equal to or higher than the charge end voltage Ve2, the second-stage constant current charge C2 is terminated (YES in step S72).
- the constant current charging is repeated while sequentially decreasing the charging current value, and when the n ⁇ 1th (last last) constant current charging (n ⁇ 1) is completed (YES in step S74), the auxiliary charging time is calculated.
- the auxiliary charging time is calculated. Based on the energized electricity quantity Qc, the target energized electricity quantity Qt, and the charging current value (set current value) Icn accumulated by the energized electricity quantity detection unit 214 by the unit 215, the auxiliary charging time tn using the above equation (1). Is calculated (step S75).
- the charging control unit 211 ′ sets the charging current I output from the constant current circuit 23 to the charging current value Icn, and the n-th (final) constant current charging Cn is started (timing T13). Secondary batteries 1a and 1b are charged (step S76).
- the charging control unit 211 ′ sets the current output from the constant current circuit 23 to zero and ends the multistage constant current charging (step S78). .
- the auxiliary charging time calculation unit 215 acquires the amount of electricity supplied to the secondary batteries 1a and 1b through the entire multistage constant current charging by the target electricity supply amount acquisition unit 213, and The secondary batteries 1a and 1b are charged by the last constant current charge Cn so that the target energized electricity quantity Qt is corrected so that the temperature influence (stratification influence) is corrected by the auxiliary charging time correction unit 216 ′. The accuracy of full charge is improved.
- the battery charging systems 100 ′ and 100 ′′ include a time measuring unit 212, a target energized electricity amount acquiring unit 213, an energized electricity amount detecting unit 214, a supplementary charging time calculating unit 215, a supplementary unit, in the control units 21 ′ and 21 ′′.
- the charging time correction units 216 and 216 ′ and the storage units 217 and 217 ′ are not provided, and steps S32, S33, S36 to S39, S45, S49, S62, S63, S66 to S69, and S75 are not executed, and step S47, Instead of S77, the same processing as in step S06 may be performed.
- control units 21 ′ and 21 ′′ may not include the auxiliary charging time correction units 216 and 216 ′ and may not perform steps S 38, S 39, S 68 and S 69.
- the battery charging system uses a control valve type lead storage battery, which is a battery in which a separator impregnated with an electrolytic solution is disposed between a plate-like positive electrode and a negative electrode that are arranged to face each other.
- Constant current charging for supplying a current having a predetermined set current value to the corresponding secondary battery until the terminal voltage of the corresponding secondary battery reaches a predetermined end-of-charge voltage is repeated a plurality of times, and Each time the current charging is repeated, the multi-stage constant current charging for decreasing the set current value is executed.
- a method for charging a battery pack is a control valve type lead-acid battery, which is a battery in which a separator impregnated with an electrolyte is disposed between a plate-like positive electrode and a negative electrode which are arranged to face each other.
- a battery pack charging method in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in parallel, and each corresponding to a corresponding secondary battery by a plurality of charging units provided corresponding to each of the secondary batteries.
- the constant current charging for supplying a current having a predetermined set current value is repeated a plurality of times until the terminal voltage of the secondary battery reaches a predetermined charge end voltage, and the set current value is repeated each time the constant current charging is repeated.
- the charging step of performing multi-stage constant current charging is included.
- each secondary battery when charging a battery pack in which a plurality of secondary batteries using control valve type lead-acid batteries are connected in parallel with each other by multi-stage constant current charging, each secondary battery has a terminal voltage at a predetermined charge end voltage.
- the constant current charging for supplying a current having a predetermined set current value is repeated a plurality of times while decreasing the charging current value each time. Then, in the initial constant current charging with a large charging current value, the stratification is progressing (stratification is severe) in the secondary battery where stratification is not advanced (stratification is mild). Since the terminal voltage rises faster than the secondary battery, constant current charging is completed in a short time.
- the stratification is eliminated as the charging time becomes longer, even if there is a variation in the degree of stratification among a plurality of secondary batteries connected in parallel, the stratification is severe.
- variations in the degree of stratification are reduced.
- the degree of stratification in the control valve type lead storage battery with the most severe stratification is reduced. The risk of battery capacity being reduced is reduced. If it does so, a possibility that the battery capacity of the whole assembled battery may decrease is also reduced.
- the secondary battery is preferably configured by connecting a plurality of control valve type lead storage batteries in series.
- the control valve-type lead-acid battery with the smallest battery capacity among the control valve-type lead-acid batteries included in the series circuit can charge and discharge the entire series circuit. Since the amount of electricity is limited, the reduction in battery capacity caused by variations in stratification becomes even more significant. Therefore, the effect of reducing the variation in stratification as described above, that is, the effect of reducing the decrease in battery capacity is greater than that in the case where the secondary battery is configured with one control valve type lead storage battery. .
- the length in the gravity direction of the portion covered with the active material in the positive electrode and the negative electrode is 100 mm or more.
- the effect of reducing the variation in stratification as described above that is, the effect of reducing the decrease in battery capacity is more effective when the control valve type lead storage battery having the length of 100 mm or more is used. More can be expected than when a control valve type lead-acid battery having a length of less than 100 mm is used.
- the charging unit preferably further includes an energized electricity amount setting unit that sets a total energized electricity amount that is an amount of electricity supplied to the corresponding secondary battery by the plurality of constant current chargings.
- the charging unit may further include an energized electricity amount setting step for setting a total energized electricity amount that is an amount of electricity supplied to the corresponding secondary battery by the plurality of times of constant current charging.
- the stratification of the control valve type lead-acid battery tends to occur as the temperature decreases. Therefore, it is considered that the secondary battery that has been at a low temperature becomes seriously stratified before the start of multi-stage constant current charging, and the secondary battery that has been at a high temperature is lightly stratified. As the stratification becomes more serious, the charging efficiency decreases. Therefore, the same amount of electricity is supplied to the secondary battery that has been at a low temperature and the secondary battery that has been at a high temperature before charging. Then, the amount of charged electricity that is actually charged is smaller in the secondary battery that has been at a low temperature before the start of charging.
- the total amount of electricity supplied to the corresponding secondary battery in multiple times of constant current charging that is, multi-stage constant current charging.
- the energized electricity amount setting unit calculates an integrated value of each temperature measured by each of the temperature measuring units in the setting period corresponding to each of the secondary batteries, and a secondary having a large integrated value. It is preferable to set the total energized electricity amount so that the total energized electricity amount is reduced as the battery is charged.
- the stratification of the control valve type lead-acid battery is more likely to occur as the time during which the temperature is lower is longer. Therefore, the integrated value of the temperature of each secondary battery measured by each temperature measuring unit is calculated corresponding to each secondary battery, and the total energized electricity amount is calculated for the secondary battery having the larger integrated value.
- the total energized electricity amount is set so as to decrease, that is, increase the total energized electricity amount as the secondary battery has a smaller integrated value.
- the variation in the amount of charged electricity that is generated can be reduced.
- the energized electricity amount setting unit obtains a maximum value of each temperature measured by each temperature measurement unit in the set period corresponding to each secondary battery, and a secondary having a large maximum value.
- the total energized electricity amount may be set so that the total energized electricity amount decreases as the battery increases.
- the processing can be simplified as compared with the case where the temperatures of the respective secondary batteries are integrated during the set period.
- the storage device further includes a first storage unit that stores information indicating each temperature of the secondary battery and information related to the total energized electricity amount, and the energized electricity amount setting unit includes the first storage unit.
- the total energized electricity amount is preferably set in accordance with information on the total energized electricity amount stored in association with each temperature measured by each temperature measuring unit.
- a first storage unit that stores the integrated value and information related to the total energized electricity amount in association with each other, and the energized electricity amount setting unit associates the integrated value with the integrated value by the first storage unit.
- the total energized electricity amount may be set so as to decrease the total energized electricity amount as the secondary battery has a larger integrated value in accordance with the stored information regarding the total energized electricity amount.
- a first storage unit that stores the integrated value and information related to the total energized electricity amount in association with each other, and the energized electricity amount setting unit is associated with the maximum value by the first storage unit.
- the total energized electricity amount may be set so that the secondary battery having the larger maximum value decreases the total energized electricity amount in accordance with the stored information regarding the total energized electricity amount.
- a temperature measurement unit that measures temperatures related to the plurality of secondary batteries, and temperature information that indicates a relationship between a temperature at which each secondary battery is exposed and a temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit are stored in advance. Based on the temperature information storage unit, the temperature information stored in the temperature information storage unit, and the temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit, each charging unit corresponds to the secondary by the plurality of constant current charging. It is preferable to further include an energized electricity amount setting unit that sets a total energized electricity amount that is the amount of electricity supplied to the battery.
- a temperature measurement step for measuring temperatures related to the plurality of secondary batteries, and temperature information indicating a relationship between a temperature at which each secondary battery is exposed and a temperature measured by the temperature measurement step are stored in advance.
- An energized electricity amount setting step for setting a total energized electricity amount that is the amount of electricity to be supplied to the power source may be further included.
- the degree of stratification of secondary batteries varies depending on temperature conditions. A difference occurs in the temperature condition to which each secondary battery is exposed due to the influence of the positional relationship between the heating element and the secondary battery. Therefore, according to these configurations, the temperature condition of each secondary battery is as temperature information indicating the relationship between the temperature at which each secondary battery is actually exposed and the temperature measured in the temperature measurement process by the temperature measurement unit. Based on this temperature information and the actually measured temperature, the total energized electricity amount that is the amount of electricity that each charging unit supplies to the corresponding secondary battery by the plurality of times of constant current charging is stored in advance. Each is set. Here, as the total amount of energized electricity increases, the time required for charging increases and the effect of eliminating stratification increases, so stratification that occurs due to differences in temperature conditions to which each secondary battery is exposed is reduced. It becomes easy.
- the temperature information is information indicating a temperature difference between the actually measured temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit and the internal temperature of each secondary battery for each secondary battery
- the energization electricity amount setting unit is In the temperature information stored in the temperature information storage unit, for the secondary battery in which the internal temperature is higher than the actual temperature, the temperature indicated by the temperature information in the actual temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit
- the internal temperature of the secondary battery is estimated, and in the temperature information stored in the temperature information storage unit, for the secondary battery in which the internal temperature is lower than the measured temperature
- the internal temperature of the secondary battery is estimated by subtracting the temperature difference indicated by the temperature information from the actual temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit, and the estimated internal temperature So as to reduce the total current amount of electricity higher secondary battery, it is preferable to set the respective total current amount of electricity.
- the temperature difference indicated by the temperature information is added to the actual temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit, and the internal temperature of the secondary battery is increased.
- the temperature is estimated.
- the internal temperature of the secondary battery is estimated by subtracting the temperature difference indicated by the temperature information from the actual temperature measured by the temperature measurement unit.
- the secondary battery with a lower estimated internal temperature that is, the secondary battery that is considered to be stratified, increases the total energization amount of electricity and lengthens the required charging time.
- Each total energized electricity amount is set so that the reduction effect is increased. As a result, variation in the degree of stratification between the secondary batteries is reduced.
- the energized electricity amount setting unit reduces the total energized electricity amount by reducing the charge end voltage in the multiple times constant current charging in the multi-stage constant current charging executed by each charging unit, It is preferable that the total energized electricity amount is set by increasing the total energized electricity amount by increasing the charge end voltage.
- the energized electricity amount setting unit reduces the total energized electricity amount by lowering the charge end voltage used in each constant current charge executed by each charging unit, and increases the charge end voltage. By increasing the total energized electricity amount, the total energized electricity amount can be set.
- the energized electricity amount setting unit has a full charge voltage at a preset reference temperature T0 of each secondary battery as Vf, a temperature coefficient representing a relationship between the temperature and the full charge voltage as k, and the temperature measurement unit as
- the end-of-charge voltage Ve is preferably calculated and set using the following equation (A).
- the energized electricity amount setting unit calculates and sets the end-of-charge voltage Ve using the equation (A), so that the temperature difference Td reflecting the temperature condition to which each secondary battery is exposed is obtained.
- a larger value can reduce the total amount of energized electricity and shorten the time required for charging. Therefore, it is possible to reduce variations in the degree of stratification between the secondary batteries.
- the energized electricity amount setting unit reduces the total energized electricity amount by reducing the charge end voltage in the multiple times constant current charging in the multi-stage constant current charging executed by each charging unit, It is preferable that the total energized electricity amount is set by increasing the total energized electricity amount by increasing the charge end voltage.
- the set period is preferably a period from when the multi-stage constant current charging is executed by the respective charging units last time until the multi-stage constant current charging is newly started.
- the total energized electricity is set based on the temperature before execution of the previous multistage constant current charging, the total energized electricity is set in consideration of the effect of stratification that has already been eliminated.
- the actual stratification state of each secondary battery is not correctly reflected in the total amount of electricity supplied.
- the stratification is considered to be eliminated by the previous multi-stage constant current charge. Therefore, the accuracy of reflecting the degree of stratification in the total energized electricity amount can be improved.
- each of the charging units performs constant current charging that is performed last among constant current charging that is repeated in the multistage constant current charging, for a predetermined supplementary charging time regardless of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery. It is preferable to continue.
- the constant current charging executed last is continued for a predetermined supplementary charging time regardless of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery.
- An auxiliary charging step may be further included.
- the set current value that is, the charging current value
- the charging current in the last constant current charging becomes a small value, and the change in terminal voltage accompanying charging is very small. Become. Therefore, it is easily affected by noise near the charge end voltage, and erroneous determination is likely to occur in the determination of the charge end condition. Therefore, the final constant-current charge that is executed lasts for a predetermined supplementary charging time, regardless of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery, and then ends, so that the end-of-charge voltage and the terminal voltage that require delicate determination are required. And the risk of erroneously determining the charge termination condition is reduced.
- each of the charging units performs constant current charging that is performed last among constant current charging that is repeated in the multistage constant current charging, for a predetermined supplementary charging time regardless of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery.
- the supplementary charging time used in each charging unit continues and becomes shorter as the integral value calculated for the secondary battery corresponding to each charging unit by the energized electricity setting unit increases. It is preferable to further include a supplementary charging time correction unit that corrects the correction.
- each supplementary charging time is corrected to be shorter as the integral value increases, that is, to be longer as the integral value decreases.
- the charging time of the last constant current charging becomes longer and the amount of electricity charged in the secondary battery becomes smaller as the integrated value is smaller, i.e., the charging efficiency is lowered due to the progress of stratification. Since it increases, the variation in the amount of charged electricity that is actually charged between the secondary batteries is reduced.
- each of the charging units performs constant current charging that is performed last among constant current charging that is repeated in the multistage constant current charging, for a predetermined supplementary charging time regardless of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery.
- the supplementary charging time used in each charging unit continues and becomes shorter as the maximum value acquired for the secondary battery corresponding to each charging unit by the energized electricity setting unit increases.
- a supplementary charging time correction unit that corrects the difference may be further provided.
- each supplementary charging time is corrected so as to become shorter as the maximum value increases, that is, to become longer as the maximum value decreases.
- the charging time of the last constant current charging becomes longer as the maximum value is smaller, that is, when the charging efficiency is lowered due to the progress of stratification, and the amount of electricity charged in the secondary battery Therefore, variation in the amount of charged electricity that is actually charged between the secondary batteries is reduced.
- each of the charging units performs constant current charging that is performed last among constant current charging that is repeated in the multistage constant current charging, for a predetermined supplementary charging time regardless of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery.
- a supplementary charging time correction unit that corrects each supplementary charging time used in each of the charging units so that the internal temperature estimated by the energized electricity amount setting unit increases as the internal temperature increases. preferable.
- each auxiliary charging time is corrected so as to be shorter as the estimated value of the internal temperature of each secondary battery is higher, and to be longer as the estimated value of the internal temperature is lower.
- the charging time of the last constant current charging becomes longer as the internal temperature is lower, that is, the charging efficiency is lowered due to the progress of stratification, and the amount of electricity charged in the secondary battery is reduced. Since it increases, the variation in the amount of charged electricity that is actually charged between the secondary batteries is reduced.
- a timekeeping unit that counts the duration of the constant current charging that is performed first for each of the secondary batteries, and for each of the secondary batteries
- a second storage unit for storing the duration of the constant current charge performed first and the amount of energized electricity necessary to fully charge the secondary battery to be charged; and the second storage unit
- a target energized electricity quantity acquisition unit that obtains a target energized electricity quantity that is a target value of the energized electricity quantity to be supplied to the battery, and a constant current charge that is executed last after the multi-stage constant current charging is started.
- an energized electricity amount detecting unit that detects the energized electricity amount supplied to each secondary battery by each of the charging units, a target energized electricity amount acquired by the target energized electricity amount acquiring unit, and the energized electricity
- a supplementary charging time calculation unit that calculates the supplementary charging time by dividing the difference from the energized electricity detected by the amount detection unit by the set current value in the last constant current charging performed; It is preferable.
- the duration of the constant current charge that is executed first and the amount of energized electricity necessary to fully charge the secondary battery are stored in the second storage unit in association with each other.
- the energized electricity stored in association with the duration of the constant current charge executed first for each secondary battery by the second storage unit is stored in the multistage constant current charge by the target energized electricity acquisition unit. It is obtained as a target energized electricity amount that is a target value of the energized electricity amount to be supplied to each secondary battery.
- the difference between the target energized electricity amount acquired by the target energized electricity amount acquisition unit and the energized electricity amount detected by the energized electricity amount detection unit is determined by the auxiliary charging time calculation unit in the constant current charging executed last.
- the auxiliary charging time is calculated by dividing by the set current value.
- the charging time of the constant current charging to be executed last is set so that the amount of electricity supplied to the secondary battery in the entire multistage constant current charging becomes the target amount of electricity supplied. Since the target energized electricity amount is obtained as the energized electricity amount necessary for fully charging the secondary battery, the secondary battery can be fully charged with high accuracy.
- the lead storage battery control method and power supply system according to the present invention are suitable for use in cold regions where an assembled battery comprising a control valve type lead storage battery is used for the purpose of a power source of a transport vehicle, etc.
- the impact on development is significant.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の第1実施形態に係る組電池の充電方法、及び電池充電システムは、例えば複数個の制御弁式鉛蓄電池を直列に接続した直列回路(二次電池)を並列に接続して負荷に接続する組電池の充電方法を用いる。この充電方法は、各々の直列回路にそれぞれ充電装置を接続し、充電装置のそれぞれが各々の直列回路の充電電圧を検出して、電流値をn-1(但しnは2以上の整数)回変化させて定電流充電を複数回繰り返すn段定電流充電を行う。
本発明の第2実施形態に係る組電池の充電方法、及び電池充電システムは、最後に実行する定電流充電Cnの終了条件を、二次電池の端子電圧Vに関わらず、所定の補充電時間tnの間、継続するものである。
本発明の第3実施形態に係る組電池の充電方法、及び電池充電システムは、例えば複数個の制御弁式鉛蓄電池を直列に接続した直列回路(二次電池)を並列に接続して負荷に接続する組電池の充電方法であって、各々の直列回路にそれぞれ充電装置を接続し、充電装置のそれぞれが各々の直列回路の充電電圧を検出して、電流値をn-1(但しnは2以上の整数)回変化させて定電流充電を複数回繰り返すn段定電流充電を行うに当たり、各々の直列回路の熱履歴に基づいて、各々の直列回路における通電電気量を変化させる。
従来、電池温度により適切な充電制御とするため、各電池の表面温度を測定して、その温度により充電制御を変更する検討もなされている。しかしながら、充電器の発熱部が組電池近くにあると、電池表面温度が発熱体の影響を受けてしまい、正しく電池内部の温度を測定できず、適切な温度制御ができない、という問題があった。その影響は、発熱体と電池の位置関係により異なる。
Claims (24)
- 互いに対向配置された板状の正極と負極との間に、電解液を含浸するセパレータが配設された電池である制御弁式鉛蓄電池を用いた二次電池が複数並列接続された組電池と、
前記各二次電池に対応して設けられ、対応する二次電池をそれぞれ充電する複数の充電部とを備え、
前記各充電部は、
それぞれ対応する二次電池へ当該各対応する二次電池の端子電圧が所定の充電終止電圧になるまで所定の設定電流値の電流を供給する定電流充電を予め設定された複数回数繰り返すと共に、当該定電流充電を繰り返す都度、前記設定電流値を減少させる多段定電流充電を実行する電池充電システム。 - 前記二次電池は、
複数の制御弁式鉛蓄電池が直列接続されて構成されている
請求項1記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記正極及び負極における、活物質で覆われた部分の重力方向の長さが、100mm以上である請求項1又は2記載の電池充電システム。
- 前記各二次電池の温度をそれぞれ測定する複数の温度測定部と、
前記多段定電流充電の実行開始前における予め設定された設定期間において前記各温度測定部によって測定された各温度に基づいて、前記各充電部が前記複数回の定電流充電を実行することにより対応する二次電池へ供給する電気量である総通電電気量をそれぞれ設定する通電電気量設定部とをさらに備える請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記通電電気量設定部は、
前記各温度測定部によって測定される各温度の、前記設定期間における積算値を前記各二次電池にそれぞれ対応して算出し、当該積算値が大きい二次電池ほど前記総通電電気量を減少させるように、当該各総通電電気量を設定する請求項4記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記通電電気量設定部は、
前記各温度測定部によって測定される各温度の、前記設定期間における最大値を前記各二次電池にそれぞれ対応して取得し、当該最大値が大きい二次電池ほど前記総通電電気量を減少させるように、当該各総通電電気量を設定する請求項4記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記二次電池の各温度を示す情報と、前記総通電電気量に関する情報とを対応付けて記憶する第1記憶部をさらに備え、
前記通電電気量設定部は、
前記第1記憶部によって、前記各温度測定部によって測定された各温度と対応付けて記憶されている総通電電気量に関する情報に応じて、前記各総通電電気量を設定する請求項4記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記積算値と、前記総通電電気量に関する情報とを対応付けて記憶する第1記憶部をさらに備え、
前記通電電気量設定部は、
前記第1記憶部によって、前記積算値と対応付けて記憶されている総通電電気量に関する情報に応じて、当該積算値が大きい二次電池ほど前記総通電電気量を減少させるように、当該各総通電電気量を設定する請求項5記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記積算値と、前記総通電電気量に関する情報とを対応付けて記憶する第1記憶部をさらに備え、
前記通電電気量設定部は、
前記第1記憶部によって、前記最大値と対応付けて記憶されている総通電電気量に関する情報に応じて、当該最大値が大きい二次電池ほど前記総通電電気量を減少させるように、当該各総通電電気量を設定する請求項6記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記複数の二次電池に関する温度を測定する温度測定部と、
前記各二次電池が曝される温度と前記温度測定部によって測定される温度との関係を示す温度情報を、予め記憶する温度情報記憶部と、
前記温度情報記憶部に記憶されている温度情報と前記温度測定部によって測定された温度とに基づいて、前記各充電部が前記複数回の定電流充電によって対応する二次電池へ供給する電気量である総通電電気量をそれぞれ設定する通電電気量設定部とをさらに備える請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記温度情報は、
前記温度測定部によって測定される実測温度と前記各二次電池の内部温度との温度差を、当該各二次電池について示す情報であり、
前記通電電気量設定部は、
前記温度情報記憶部に記憶されている温度情報において、前記内部温度が前記実測温度より高い値を示す二次電池について、前記温度測定部によって測定された実測温度に前記温度情報で示される温度差を加算することによって、当該二次電池の内部温度を推定し、前記温度情報記憶部に記憶されている温度情報において、前記内部温度が前記実測温度より低い値を示す二次電池について、前記温度測定部によって測定された実測温度から前記温度情報で示される温度差を減算することによって、当該二次電池の内部温度を推定し、当該推定された内部温度が高い二次電池ほど前記総通電電気量を減少させるように、前記各総通電電気量を設定する請求項10記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記通電電気量設定部は、
前記各充電部によって実行される多段定電流充電における前記複数回の定電流充電において、前記充電終止電圧を低下させることで前記総通電電気量を減少させ、前記充電終止電圧を上昇させることで前記総通電電気量を増大させることによって、前記総通電電気量を設定する請求項11記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記通電電気量設定部は、
前記各二次電池の予め設定された基準温度T0における満充電電圧をVf、温度と満充電電圧との関係を表す温度係数をk、前記温度測定部によって測定された実測温度をTr、前記温度情報によって示される温度差をTdとした場合、下記の式(A)を用いて、前記充電終止電圧Veを算出し、設定するものである
Ve=Vf-k×(Tr+Td-T0) ・・・(A)
請求項12記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記通電電気量設定部は、
前記各充電部によって実行される多段定電流充電における前記複数回の定電流充電において、前記充電終止電圧を低下させることで前記総通電電気量を減少させ、前記充電終止電圧を上昇させることで前記総通電電気量を増大させることによって、前記総通電電気量を設定する請求項5~10のいずれか1項に記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記設定期間は、
前記各充電部によって、前回、前記多段定電流充電が実行された後、新たに前記多段定電流充電が開始されるまでの期間である請求項4~9のいずれか1項に記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記各充電部は、
前記多段定電流充電において繰り返される定電流充電のうち、最後に実行される定電流充電を、前記二次電池の端子電圧に関わらず、所定の補充電時間の間、継続する請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記各充電部は、
前記多段定電流充電において繰り返される定電流充電のうち、最後に実行される定電流充電を、前記二次電池の端子電圧に関わらず、所定の補充電時間の間、継続し、
前記各充電部において用いられる前記各補充電時間を、前記通電電気量設定部によって当該各充電部に対応する二次電池に対応して算出された積分値が増大するほど短くなるように補正する補充電時間補正部をさらに備える請求項5又は8に記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記各充電部は、
前記多段定電流充電において繰り返される定電流充電のうち、最後に実行される定電流充電を、前記二次電池の端子電圧に関わらず、所定の補充電時間の間、継続し、
前記各充電部において用いられる前記各補充電時間を、前記通電電気量設定部によって当該各充電部に対応する二次電池に対応して取得された最大値が増大するほど短くなるように補正する補充電時間補正部をさらに備える請求項6又は9に記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記各充電部は、
前記多段定電流充電において繰り返される定電流充電のうち、最後に実行される定電流充電を、前記二次電池の端子電圧に関わらず、所定の補充電時間の間、継続し、
前記各充電部において用いられる前記各補充電時間を、前記通電電気量設定部によって推定された内部温度が上昇するほど短くなるように補正する補充電時間補正部をさらに備える請求項11~13のいずれか1項に記載の電池充電システム。 - 前記多段定電流充電において繰り返される定電流充電のうち、最初に実行される定電流充電の継続時間を、前記各二次電池についてそれぞれ計時する計時部と、
前記各二次電池に対して前記最初に実行される定電流充電の継続時間と当該充電対象の二次電池を満充電にするために必要な通電電気量とを対応させて記憶する第2記憶部と、
前記第2記憶部によって、前記計時部によって計時された各二次電池についての前記最初に実行される定電流充電の継続時間と対応付けて記憶されている通電電気量を、前記多段定電流充電において前記各二次電池に供給するべき通電電気量の目標値である目標通電電気量として取得する目標通電電気量取得部と、
前記多段定電流充電が開始されてから前記最後に実行される定電流充電が開始される前までに、前記各充電部によって各二次電池へ供給された通電電気量をそれぞれ検出する通電電気量検出部と、
前記目標通電電気量取得部によって取得された目標通電電気量と前記通電電気量検出部によって検出された通電電気量との差を、前記最後に実行される定電流充電における設定電流値で除算することにより、前記補充電時間を算出する補充電時間算出部とをさらに備える請求項16~19のいずれか1項に記載の電池充電システム。 - 互いに対向配置された板状の正極と負極との間に、電解液を含浸するセパレータが配設された電池である制御弁式鉛蓄電池を用いた二次電池が複数並列接続された組電池の充電方法であって、
前記各二次電池に対応して設けられた複数の充電部によって、それぞれ対応する二次電池へ当該各対応する二次電池の端子電圧が所定の充電終止電圧になるまで所定の設定電流値の電流を供給する定電流充電を予め設定された複数回数繰り返すと共に、当該定電流充電を繰り返す都度、前記設定電流値を減少させることにより、多段定電流充電を実行する充電工程を含む組電池の充電方法。 - 前記多段定電流充電の実行開始前における予め設定された設定期間において、前記各二次電池の温度をそれぞれ測定する温度測定工程と、
前記温度測定工程によって測定された各温度に基づいて、前記各充電部が前記複数回の定電流充電によって対応する二次電池へ供給する電気量である総通電電気量をそれぞれ設定する通電電気量設定工程とをさらに含む請求項21記載の組電池の充電方法。 - 前記複数の二次電池に関する温度を測定する温度測定工程と、
前記各二次電池が曝される温度と前記温度測定工程によって測定される温度との関係を示す温度情報を、予め記憶する温度情報記憶工程と、
前記温度情報記憶工程において記憶された温度情報と前記温度測定工程において測定された温度とに基づいて、前記各充電部が前記複数回の定電流充電によって対応する二次電池へ供給する電気量である総通電電気量をそれぞれ設定する通電電気量設定工程とをさらに含む請求項21記載の組電池の充電方法。 - 前記充電工程における多段定電流充電において繰り返される定電流充電のうち、最後に実行される定電流充電を、前記二次電池の端子電圧に関わらず、所定の補充電時間の間、継続する補充電工程をさらに含む請求項21~23のいずれか1項に記載の組電池の充電方法。
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Also Published As
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RU2010134764A (ru) | 2013-02-20 |
JPWO2010079563A1 (ja) | 2012-06-21 |
US8288995B2 (en) | 2012-10-16 |
US20100327810A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
CN101953015A (zh) | 2011-01-19 |
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