WO2010055557A1 - 自励式無効電力補償装置 - Google Patents
自励式無効電力補償装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010055557A1 WO2010055557A1 PCT/JP2008/070593 JP2008070593W WO2010055557A1 WO 2010055557 A1 WO2010055557 A1 WO 2010055557A1 JP 2008070593 W JP2008070593 W JP 2008070593W WO 2010055557 A1 WO2010055557 A1 WO 2010055557A1
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- reactive current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/70—Regulating power factor; Regulating reactive current or power
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- the present invention relates to a self-excited reactive power compensator used in a power system.
- a self-excited reactive power compensator called STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator), SVG (Static Var Generator) or self-excited SVC (Static Var Compensator) is introduced to improve system stability by controlling system reactive power. Often done.
- the self-excited reactive power compensator is effective not only for improving the stability of the system during steady operation, but also for improving the transient stability of the system during a system fault or after the accident is removed.
- control circuit of the self-excited reactive power compensator is generally configured as follows. That is, the control circuit includes a voltage control loop (main loop) that outputs a reactive current command so that the system voltage follows a desired system voltage command, and power so that the output current of the power converter follows this reactive current command.
- a current control loop (secondary loop) for controlling the output voltage of the converter.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a semiconductor power conversion device that can control an output AC current at high speed following a set AC current.
- This power converter includes a feedforward power control circuit that generates an output voltage command of a semiconductor power converter from the phase and amplitude of a set alternating current.
- the output voltage command from the feedforward power control circuit is corrected based on the deviation between the set AC current and the system current. Further, the power converter is controlled based on the sum of the system voltage and the corrected output voltage command.
- JP-A-6-233544 discloses a semiconductor power conversion device that can control an output AC current at high speed following a set AC current.
- This power converter includes a feedforward power control circuit that generates an output voltage command of a semiconductor power converter from the phase and amplitude of a set alternating current.
- the output voltage command from the feedforward power control circuit is corrected based on the deviation between the set AC current and the system current. Further, the power converter is controlled based on the sum of the system voltage and the corrected output voltage command.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-233544
- the response speed can be improved as compared with the control by the conventional feedback method.
- the self-excited reactive power compensator is used for the purpose of suppressing the overvoltage of the power system, the control described in this document cannot be said to sufficiently achieve the purpose.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and its purpose is to provide self-excited reactive power capable of suppressing overvoltage in a state where an overvoltage of the power system is likely to occur immediately after removal of a system fault. It is to provide a compensation device.
- a self-excited reactive power compensator includes a self-excited converter, a voltage detector, a current detector, and a control device.
- the self-excited converter is connected to a power system having a plurality of phases and includes a self-extinguishing type switching element.
- the voltage detector detects a system voltage of the power system.
- the current detector detects a current flowing between the power system and the self-excited converter.
- the control device controls the reactive current output from the self-excited converter to the power system by controlling the switching element.
- the control device includes a reactive current detection unit, a voltage control unit, a first reference generation unit, a second reference generation unit, a selection unit, and a signal generation unit.
- the reactive current detection unit detects a reactive current based on the current detected by the current detector.
- the voltage control unit generates a current reference for the reactive current based on the system voltage detected by the voltage detector so that the system voltage follows a predetermined voltage.
- the first reference generation unit generates a first voltage reference of the output voltage output from the self-excited converter so that the reactive current detected by the reactive current detection unit follows the current reference.
- the second reference generation unit generates a second voltage reference of the output voltage output from the self-excited converter so that the value of the reactive current becomes a predetermined value.
- the selection unit selects the maximum value of the first and second voltage references.
- the signal generation unit generates a drive signal for driving the switching element based on the voltage reference selected by the selection unit.
- a self-excited reactive power compensation device includes a self-excited converter, a voltage detector, a current detector, and a control device.
- the self-excited converter is connected to a power system having a plurality of phases and includes a self-extinguishing type switching element.
- the voltage detector detects a system voltage of the power system.
- the current detector detects a current flowing between the power system and the self-excited converter.
- the control device controls the reactive current output from the self-excited converter to the power system by controlling the switching element.
- the control device includes a reactive current detection unit, a voltage control unit, a first reference generation unit, a second reference generation unit, a selection unit, and a signal generation unit.
- the reactive current detection unit detects a reactive current based on the current detected by the current detector.
- the voltage control unit generates a current reference for the reactive current based on the system voltage detected by the voltage detector so that the system voltage follows a predetermined voltage.
- the first reference generation unit generates a first voltage reference of the output voltage output from the self-excited converter so that the reactive current detected by the reactive current detection unit follows the current reference.
- the second reference generator generates a second voltage reference for the output voltage of the self-excited converter so that the reactive current behavior changes.
- the selection unit selects the first voltage reference of the first and second voltage references when the system voltage falls below the overvoltage threshold, while the selection unit selects when the system voltage exceeds the overvoltage threshold. , Select the second voltage reference.
- the signal generation unit generates a drive signal for driving the switching element based on the voltage reference selected by the selection unit.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a self-excited reactive power compensator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- 1 is a circuit diagram of a self-excited converter 1.
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram illustrating a configuration of a voltage command calculation unit 19.
- FIG. It is a block diagram of the self-excited reactive power compensation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a block diagram of the self-excitation reactive power compensation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a block diagram of the self-excitation reactive power compensation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a functional block diagram which shows the structure of the output selection part 30 of FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram which shows the waveform of a voltage and an electric current when a system overvoltage arises at the time of execution of normal feedforward control.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing voltage and current waveforms when a system overvoltage occurs during execution of control according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a self-excited reactive power compensator according to a modification of the fourth embodiment. It is a block diagram of the self-excited reactive power compensation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing voltage and current waveforms when a system overvoltage occurs during execution of control according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a self-excited reactive power compensator according to a modification of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a self-excited reactive power compensator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a self-excited reactive power compensator 100 includes a self-excited converter 1, a voltage detector 4, a current detector 5, and a control device 10.
- the self-excited converter 1 includes a self-extinguishing type switching element, and is connected to the power system 3 via the converter transformer 2. As shown in FIG. 2, self-excited converter 1 includes switching elements Q1 to Q6, diodes D1 to D6, and a capacitor C1.
- the switching elements Q1 to Q6 are, for example, GTO (Gate Turn Off thyristor), but are not limited to this as long as they are self-extinguishing type switching elements.
- the diodes D1 to D6 are connected in antiparallel to the switching elements Q1 to Q6, respectively.
- a driving signal (gate pulse signal) is supplied from the control device 10 to each of the switching elements Q1 to Q6.
- Switching elements Q1 to Q6 perform a switching operation according to the drive signal, convert DC power into AC power, and supply the AC power to the power system. Capacitor C1 smoothes fluctuations in the DC power.
- the voltage detector 4 detects the voltage (system voltage) of the power system 3. The voltage detected by the voltage detector 4 is given to the control device 10 as a feedback voltage. Similarly, the output current of the self-excited converter 1 is detected by the current detector 5 and given to the control device 10 as a feedback current.
- the control device 10 includes an amplitude detection unit 11, a reactive current detection unit 12, a voltage command generation unit 13, subtracters 14 and 16, a voltage control unit 15, a reactive current control unit 17, and a reactive current command generation unit. 18, a voltage command calculation unit 19, a maximum value selection unit 20, and a gate pulse generation unit 21.
- the amplitude detector 11 detects the amplitude value Vs by calculating the amplitude value Vs of the system voltage detected by the voltage detector 4, and gives the calculated (detected) amplitude value Vs to the subtractor 14.
- the electric power system 3 includes a u phase, a v phase, and a w phase.
- the amplitude detector 11 calculates an amplitude value Vs based on the following equation.
- Vs (Vu 2 + Vv 2 + Vw 2 ) 1/2
- the voltage command generator 13 generates and outputs a voltage command Vref as a command value of the amplitude value Vs.
- the voltage command Vref corresponds to the reference value of the amplitude value Vs, and the value is constant.
- the voltage indicated by the voltage command Vref corresponds to the “predetermined voltage” in the present invention.
- the subtractor 14 calculates the deviation ⁇ V by subtracting the amplitude value Vs from the voltage command Vref, and gives the deviation ⁇ V to the voltage control unit 15.
- the voltage control unit 15 is configured as an arithmetic unit that performs PI control.
- the voltage control unit 15 calculates a current reference Iref for reducing the input deviation ⁇ V and outputs the current reference Iref.
- This current reference Iref corresponds to the reference value of the reactive current Iq output from the self-excited converter 1.
- the reactive current detector 12 detects the reactive current Iq output from the self-excited converter 1 based on the output current of the self-excited converter 1 detected by the current detector 5. Specifically, the reactive current detector 12 detects the reactive current Iq by performing three-phase / two-phase conversion on the u-phase current, the v-phase current, and the w-phase current detected by the current detector 5.
- the subtractor 16 calculates the deviation ⁇ I by subtracting the reactive current Iq from the current reference Iref, and gives the deviation ⁇ I to the reactive current control unit 17.
- the reactive current control unit 17 is configured as an arithmetic unit that performs PI control.
- the reactive current control unit 17 calculates a voltage reference Vi1 for reducing the input deviation ⁇ I, and outputs the voltage reference Vi1.
- the reactive current command generator 18 generates a current command Iqref and outputs it to the voltage command calculator 19.
- Current command Iqref is determined in advance as, for example, the maximum delayed reactive current that can be output from self-excited converter 1 to power system 3.
- the voltage command calculation unit 19 receives the amplitude value Vs from the amplitude detection unit 11 and the current command Iqref from the reactive current command generation unit 18. The voltage command calculation unit 19 calculates the voltage reference Vi2 based on the current command Iqref when the system voltage becomes an overvoltage, and outputs the voltage reference Vi2 to the maximum value selection unit 20.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the voltage command calculation unit 19.
- voltage command calculation unit 19 includes a comparison unit 191, a calculation circuit 192, a voltage setting unit 193, and a switch circuit 194.
- the comparison unit 191 compares the amplitude value Vs of the system voltage with the threshold value Vth.
- the comparison unit 191 outputs a signal for turning on the switch circuit 194 when the amplitude value Vs is larger than the threshold value Vth.
- the threshold value Vth is set in advance as a value for determining whether or not the system voltage is an overvoltage.
- the arithmetic circuit 192 generates and outputs a voltage reference Vi2 for allowing the reactive current Iq detected by the reactive current detector 12 to follow the current command Iqref based on the amplitude value Vs and the current command Iqref.
- the voltage setting unit 193 outputs the threshold value Vth to the comparison unit 191.
- the maximum value selection unit 20 selects the larger one of the voltage references Vi ⁇ b> 1 and Vi ⁇ b> 2 and gives the selected voltage reference Vi (Vi is either Vi ⁇ b> 1 or Vi ⁇ b> 2) to the gate pulse generation unit 21.
- the gate pulse generator 21 generates a gate pulse signal for the self-excited converter 1 to output a voltage corresponding to the voltage reference Vi according to, for example, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control. To Q6).
- the voltage reference Vi1 is obtained as an output of a control system obtained by adding a current minor loop control using the reactive current control unit 17 as a controller to a voltage feedback control system using the voltage control unit 15 as a controller.
- the current command Iqref from the reactive current command generation unit 18 and the amplitude value Vs from the amplitude detection unit 11 are input to the voltage command calculation unit 19, and the self-excited conversion for making the reactive current Iq equal to the current command Iqref.
- a voltage reference Vi2 is calculated as a voltage reference for the device 1.
- the voltage command calculation unit 19 generates the voltage reference Vi2 so that the self-excited converter 1 can flow a predetermined delayed reactive current (Iqref).
- Iqref delayed reactive current
- the voltage reference Vi2 current command Iqref
- the maximum value selection unit 20 selects the voltage reference Vi2 as the voltage reference Vi.
- the self-excited converter 1 can flow a predetermined delayed reactive current, the difference between the AC voltage output from the self-excited converter 1 and the system voltage can be reduced. Thereby, the increase in the absolute value of the reactive current Iq can be suppressed. Therefore, according to Embodiment 1, the overvoltage of the electric power system 3 can be suppressed while avoiding the overcurrent of the self-excited converter 1.
- the feedback control system can change the voltage reference Vi1 following the change of the system voltage.
- the voltage reference Vi1 is larger than the voltage reference Vi2. Therefore, the voltage reference Vi1 is selected by the maximum value selection unit 20. As a result, normal control (feedback control) is performed.
- the voltage command calculation unit 19 is configured to output the voltage reference Vi2 when the amplitude value Vs exceeds the threshold value Vth.
- the configuration of the voltage command calculation unit 19 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.
- the voltage command calculation unit 19 may generate the voltage reference Vi2 based on the amplitude value Vs and the current command Iqref regardless of the magnitude of the amplitude value Vs.
- the overvoltage of the power system can be suppressed in a state where the overvoltage is likely to occur immediately after the accident removal of the power system. Furthermore, according to Embodiment 1, the overcurrent of self-excited converter 1 immediately after the accident removal of the power system can be avoided.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the self-excited reactive power compensator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- self-excited reactive power compensator 100A is different from self-excited reactive power compensator 100 shown in FIG. 1 in that control apparatus 10A is provided instead of control apparatus 10.
- Control device 10 ⁇ / b> A differs from control device 10 in that it further includes dead zone circuit 22 and adder 23. Since other parts of self-excited reactive power compensator 100A are the same as the corresponding parts of self-excited reactive power compensator 100, the following description will not be repeated.
- the dead zone circuit 22 and the adder 23 constitute a “voltage reference correction unit” of the present invention.
- the dead zone circuit 22 outputs the amplitude value Vs as it is if the input amplitude value Vs is smaller than a predetermined value. On the other hand, when the amplitude value Vs is larger than the predetermined value, the dead zone circuit 22 outputs 0 instead of the amplitude value Vs.
- This predetermined value is set in advance as a value for determining whether or not the system voltage is an overvoltage. Therefore, the above threshold value Vth can be used as the predetermined value.
- the adder 23 adds the output value (Vs or 0) of the dead zone circuit 22 to the voltage reference selected by the maximum value selection unit 20, and gives the voltage reference Vi obtained as the addition result to the gate pulse generation unit 21.
- the feedforward control is executed by adding the amplitude value Vs detected by the amplitude detector 11 by the adder 23.
- the response delay of the feedback control system can be compensated, so that the reactive current output from the self-excited converter 1 can be changed corresponding to the change in the system voltage.
- the self-excited converter 1 outputs an overvoltage so as to counter the overvoltage of the power system 3. Therefore, the overvoltage suppression effect of the self-excited reactive power compensator is reduced.
- the amplitude value Vs becomes larger than a predetermined value, so that 0 is output from the dead zone circuit 22.
- the feedforward control by the dead zone circuit 22 and the adder 23 is substantially not executed.
- the voltage reference Vi2 from the voltage command calculation unit 19 is selected by the maximum value selection unit 20, and this voltage reference is given to the gate pulse generation unit 21 as the voltage reference Vi. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, similar to the first embodiment, the self-excited converter 1 can flow a predetermined delayed reactive current when a system overvoltage occurs. That is, according to the second embodiment, the overvoltage of the power system can be suppressed and the overcurrent of the self-excited converter 1 can be avoided.
- the voltage reference Vi is corrected by providing the adder 23 on the output side of the maximum value selection unit 20.
- the voltage reference Vi ⁇ b> 1 may be corrected by providing the adder 23 on the output side of the reactive current control unit 17. In this case, the same effect as described above can be obtained.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of the self-excited reactive power compensator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- self-excited reactive power compensator 100B is different from self-excited reactive power compensator 100A in FIG. 4 in that control device 10B is provided instead of control device 10A.
- Control device 10B differs from control device 10A in that it includes a maximum value selection unit 20A in place of maximum value selection unit 20 and further includes an overvoltage / overcurrent determination unit 24 and a command circuit 25. Since the configuration of the other part of self-excited reactive power compensator 100B is the same as the configuration of the corresponding part of self-excited reactive power compensator 100A, the following description will not be repeated.
- the overvoltage / overcurrent determination unit 24 detects the instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current of each phase (u phase, v phase, w phase) of the power system 3.
- the overvoltage / overcurrent determination unit 24 generates and outputs a trigger signal Tr when the instantaneous detection value of any phase voltage or phase current exceeds a predetermined value.
- the command circuit 25 outputs a preset voltage reference Vi3 according to the trigger signal Tr.
- the voltage reference Vi3 is larger than the voltage reference Vi2.
- the voltage reference Vi3 is preferably set to the maximum output voltage of the self-excited converter 1.
- the command circuit 25 When the system voltage rises in a very short time and exceeds a threshold value determined to be an overvoltage, the command circuit 25 outputs a voltage reference Vi3 according to the trigger signal Tr from the overvoltage / overcurrent determination unit 24.
- the maximum value selection unit 20A selects the voltage reference Vi3 from the voltage references Vi1, Vi2, Vi3.
- the self-excited converter 1 outputs a voltage (maximum output voltage) determined by the voltage reference Vi3. Therefore, the self-excited converter 1 can output reactive power so as to quickly suppress the system overvoltage. Since other operations of self-excited reactive power compensator 100B are the same as the operations of self-excited reactive power compensator 100A according to Embodiment 2, the following description will not be repeated.
- the control device 10 ⁇ / b> B includes both the voltage command calculation unit 19 and the command circuit 25.
- the above effect can also be obtained by a configuration in which the voltage command calculation unit 19 is omitted and only the command circuit 25 is provided.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a self-excited reactive power compensator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- self-excited reactive power compensator 100 ⁇ / b> C is different from self-excited reactive power compensator 100 of FIG. 1 in that control device 10 ⁇ / b> C is provided instead of control device 10.
- the control device 10C includes a reactive current command generation unit 18A, a voltage command calculation unit 19A, and an output selection unit 30 in place of the reactive current command generation unit 18, the voltage command calculation unit 19, and the maximum value selection unit 20, respectively.
- the reactive current command generator 18A outputs a reactive current command (current command Iqmx) with a delay of 100% as the reactive current command.
- the voltage command calculation unit 19A generates a voltage reference Vi4 based on the current command Iqmx, and outputs the voltage reference Vi4.
- the output selection unit 30 selects one of the voltage references Vi1 and Vi4 based on the amplitude value Vs and the reactive current Iq, and outputs the selected voltage reference as the voltage reference Vi.
- FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the output selection unit 30 in FIG.
- output selection unit 30 includes a selection control unit 301 and a selection circuit 302.
- the selection control unit 301 determines which of the voltage references Vi1 and Vi4 is output as the voltage reference Vi based on the amplitude value Vs and the reactive current Iq, and controls the selection circuit 302 based on the determination result.
- the selection circuit 302 outputs one of the voltage references Vi1 and Vi4 as the voltage reference Vi in accordance with the control of the selection control unit 301.
- the selection control unit 301 controls the selection circuit 302 to select the voltage reference Vi4 as the voltage reference Vi when the amplitude value Vs exceeds a predetermined value, for example. This predetermined value may be the threshold value Vth.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing voltage and current waveforms when a system overvoltage occurs during execution of normal feedforward control.
- time t1 is a time when a system fault (for example, a ground fault) occurs.
- the amplitude value Vs is significantly lower than the normal value.
- Time t2 is the time when the grid fault is removed.
- FIG. 8 shows a state in which the amplitude value Vs has greatly increased from the normal value immediately after the removal of the system fault. Since the deviation ⁇ V output from the subtractor 14 is the difference between the voltage command Vref and the amplitude value Vs, it increases when the amplitude value Vs decreases and decreases when the amplitude value Vs increases. Therefore, when an overvoltage of the power system occurs, the deviation ⁇ V greatly decreases, and returns to the original value as the overvoltage is suppressed.
- the reactive current Iq detected by the reactive current detector 12 increases when the amplitude value Vs decreases, and decreases when the amplitude value Vs increases, similarly to the deviation ⁇ V.
- reactive current Iq is positive, reactive current is output from self-excited converter 1 to power system 3, and when reactive current Iq is negative, reactive current flows from power system 3 to self-excited converter 1.
- the rise time and fall time of the reactive current Iq is preferably short as possible. That is, as shown in waveform A, the waveform of reactive current Iq is preferably a rectangular wave. However, the reactive current Iq changes as shown by the waveform B due to the response delay of the reactive current control unit 17.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing voltage and current waveforms when a system overvoltage occurs during execution of control according to the fourth embodiment.
- the amplitude value Vs exceeds a predetermined threshold value Vth at time t2. That is, an overvoltage of the power system 3 occurs.
- the output selection unit 30 selects the voltage reference Vi4 as the voltage reference Vi.
- the voltage reference Vi4 is generated based on the current command Iqmx (reactive current with a delay of 100%) output from the reactive current command generator 18A. Accordingly, the response of the reactive current Iq can be made faster than when the reactive current Iq is changed by the normal feedback control. As a result, since the fall time of the waveform of the reactive current Iq can be shortened as shown by the waveform C, a significant increase in the amplitude value Vs can be suppressed.
- the transformer transformer 2 may have a large impedance.
- the current flowing into the self-excited converter 1 can be reduced even if the system voltage rises greatly. Therefore, the self-excited converter 1 can be protected from overcurrent.
- an increase in the system voltage may be promoted. In such a case, it is preferable to suppress the overvoltage of the power system by increasing the current flowing into the self-excited converter 1.
- the reactive current Iq is greatly changed to the negative side within a short time immediately after the removal of the system fault.
- the current flowing into the self-excited converter 1 can be increased. Therefore, even when the transformer transformer 2 has a large impedance, the overvoltage of the power system can be effectively suppressed.
- the voltage reference Vi is generated so that the absolute value of the reactive current Iq increases. In other words, in the fourth embodiment, the voltage reference is generated so that the time change rate of the absolute value of the reactive current Iq gradually increases.
- the voltage reference Vi is generated so that the absolute value of the reactive current Iq decreases. In other words, in the first to third embodiments, the voltage reference is generated so that the time change rate of the absolute value of the reactive current Iq gradually decreases.
- the fourth embodiment is different from the first to third embodiments.
- the output selection unit 30 is provided on the output side of the reactive current control unit 17 and the voltage command calculation unit 19A. That is, the output selection unit 30 selects one voltage reference from a plurality of voltage references.
- the function of the output selection unit 30 is not limited in this way.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a self-excited reactive power compensator according to a modification of the fourth embodiment.
- self-excited reactive power compensator 100D is different from self-excited reactive power compensator 100C shown in FIG. 6 in that control device 10D is provided instead of control device 10C.
- Control device 10D differs from control device 10C in that output selection unit 30 is disposed on the output side of subtractor 16 and reactive current command generation unit 18A, and reactive current control unit 17 is disposed on the output side of output selection unit 30.
- the output selection unit 30 selects and outputs either the output (deviation ⁇ I) of the subtractor 16 or the current command Iqmx based on the amplitude value Vs and the reactive current Iq.
- the reactive current control unit 17 generates and outputs a voltage reference Vi in accordance with the reactive current command output from the output selection unit 30.
- the voltage command calculation unit 19A is not required, and the configuration of the control device can be simplified.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a self-excited reactive power compensator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- self-excited reactive power compensator 100E is different from self-excited reactive power compensator 100C shown in FIG. 6 in that control device 10E is provided instead of control device 10C.
- Control device 10E differs from control device 10C in that reactive current command generation unit 18 and voltage command calculation unit 19 are provided, and output selection unit 30 is provided instead of output selection unit 30. Since the configuration of other parts of self-excited reactive power compensator 100E is the same as the configuration of the corresponding part of self-excited reactive power compensator 100C, the following description will not be repeated.
- the output selection unit 40 selects any one of the voltage references Vi1, Vi2, and Vi4 as the voltage reference Vi according to the amplitude value Vs and the reactive current Iq.
- the self-excited converter 1 is controlled so that the current flowing from the power system 3 into the self-excited converter 1 is reduced when the system voltage is greatly increased.
- the transformer transformer 2 has a large impedance, it is difficult to quickly increase the current flowing from the power system 3 into the self-excited converter 1.
- the fourth embodiment it is possible to prevent overvoltage of the power system 3 by increasing the current flowing from the power system 3 into the self-excited converter 1.
- the output selection unit 40 determines whether to increase or decrease the current from the power system 3 to the self-excited converter 1 according to the behavior of the reactive current Iq. Thereby, according to the condition of the electric power grid
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing voltage and current waveforms when a system overvoltage occurs during execution of control according to the fifth embodiment. Times t1 and t2 shown in FIG. 12 correspond to times t1 and t2 in FIGS. 8 and 9, respectively.
- the output selection unit 40 determines that an overvoltage of the power system has occurred.
- the output selection unit 40 determines whether to increase or decrease the amount of change (reduction amount) of the reactive current Iq based on the behavior of the reactive current Iq.
- the output selection unit 40 increases the amount of change in the reactive current Iq. Execute the control to make it happen. That is, the output selection unit 40 selects Vi4 as the voltage reference Vi.
- the waveform of the reactive current Iq changes from the waveform E1 to the waveform E2. That is, the time change rate of the reactive current Iq is gradually increased. As a result, the current flowing from the power system 3 into the self-excited converter 1 increases.
- the output selection unit 40 sets the voltage reference Vi2 as the voltage reference Vi. Select. In this case, the output selection unit 40 performs control for reducing the amount of decrease in the reactive current Iq. That is, the output selection unit 40 selects the voltage reference Vi2 as the voltage reference. As a result, the waveform of the reactive current Iq changes from the waveform F1 to the waveform F2. That is, the time change rate of the reactive current Iq is gradually reduced. As a result, the current flowing from the power system 3 into the self-excited converter 1 is reduced.
- the absolute value of threshold value Ith2 corresponds to the “predetermined first threshold value” of the present invention, and the absolute value of threshold value Ith1 is the “predetermined second threshold value” of the present invention.
- the control of the output selection unit 40 described above is started after a predetermined time has elapsed from time t2, for example.
- the output selection unit 40 selects Vi1 as the voltage reference. That is, in this case, normal voltage control (feedback control) is performed.
- overvoltage suppression control according to the behavior of the reactive current Iq can be performed.
- the output selection unit 40 is disposed on the output side of the reactive current control unit 17, the voltage command calculation unit 19 and the voltage command calculation unit 19A.
- the function of the output selection unit 40 is not limited to selecting any one of a plurality of voltage references.
- FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram of a self-excited reactive power compensator according to a modification of the fifth embodiment.
- self-excited reactive power compensator 100 ⁇ / b> F is different from self-excited reactive power compensator 100 ⁇ / b> E of FIG. 11 in that control device 10 ⁇ / b> F is provided instead of control device 10 ⁇ / b> E.
- the control device 10F is different from the control device 10E in that the voltage command calculation units 19 and 19A are not provided. Further, the control device 10F is controlled in that the output selection unit 40 is provided on the output side of the subtractor 16, the reactive current command generation units 18 and 18A, and the reactive current control unit 17 is provided on the output side of the output selection unit 40.
- the configuration of the other part of self-excited reactive power compensator 100F is the same as the configuration of the corresponding part of self-excited reactive power compensator 100E, the following description will not be repeated.
- the output selection unit 40 selects one of the deviation ⁇ I and the reactive current commands Iqref and Iqmx based on the amplitude value Vs and the reactive current Iq, and sends it to the reactive current control unit 17.
- the reactive current control unit 17 generates a voltage reference Vi based on the current command output from the output selection unit 40 and outputs the voltage reference Vi to the gate pulse generation unit 21.
- the control of the current command ( ⁇ I, Iqref, Iqmx) by the output selection unit 40 is the same as the control shown in FIG. That is, the output selection unit 40 selects any one of ⁇ I, Iqref, and Iqmx based on the behavior of the amplitude value Vs and the reactive current Iq. According to this modification, the voltage command calculation units 19 and 19A are not necessary, and the configuration of the control device can be simplified.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る自励式無効電力補償装置の構成図である。
電圧指令生成部13は、振幅値Vsの指令値としての電圧指令Vrefを生成して出力する。電圧指令Vrefは振幅値Vsの基準値に対応し、その値は一定である。なお、電圧指令Vrefにより示される電圧は、本発明における「所定の電圧」に対応する。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る自励式無効電力補償装置の構成図である。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る自励式無効電力補償装置の構成図である。
図6は、本発明の実施の形態4に係る自励式無効電力補償装置の構成図である。
図8は、通常のフィードフォワード制御の実行時に系統過電圧が生じた場合の電圧および電流の波形を示す模式図である。
図11は、本発明の実施の形態5に係る自励式無効電力補償装置の構成図である。
図13を参照して、自励式無効電力補償装置100Fは、制御装置10Eに代えて制御装置10Fを備える点において図11の自励式無効電力補償装置100Eと異なる。制御装置10Fは電圧指令演算部19,19Aが設けられていない点において、制御装置10Eと異なる。さらに、制御装置10Fは出力選択部40が減算器16、無効電流指令生成部18,18Aの出力側に設けられる点および無効電流制御部17が出力選択部40の出力側に設けられる点において制御装置10Eと異なる。なお、自励式無効電力補償装置100Fの他の部分の構成は、自励式無効電力補償装置100Eの対応する部分の構成と同様であるので以後の説明は繰返さない。
Claims (10)
- 複数の相を有する電力系統(3)に接続され、かつ自己消弧型のスイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を含む自励式変換器(1)と、
前記電力系統(3)の系統電圧を検出する電圧検出器(4)と、
前記電力系統(3)と前記自励式変換器(1)との間に流れる電流を検出する電流検出器(5)と、
前記スイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を制御することにより、前記自励式変換器(1)から前記電力系統(3)に出力される無効電流(Iq)を制御する制御装置(10,10A,10B)とを備え、
前記制御装置(10,10A,10B)は、
前記電流検出器(5)により検出された前記電流に基づいて、前記無効電流(Iq)を検出する無効電流検出部(12)と、
前記電圧検出器(4)により検出された前記系統電圧に基づいて、前記系統電圧が所定の電圧(Vref)に追従するように、前記無効電流(Iq)の電流基準(Iref)を生成する電圧制御部(15)と、
前記無効電流検出部(12)により検出された前記無効電流(Iq)が前記電流基準(Iref)に追従するように、前記自励式変換器(1)から出力される出力電圧の第1の電圧基準(Vi1)を生成する第1の基準生成部(17)と、
前記無効電流(Iq)の値が所定値となるように、前記自励式変換器(1)から出力される前記出力電圧の第2の電圧基準を生成する第2の基準生成部(18,19)と、
前記第1および第2の電圧基準のうちの最大値を選択する選択部(20,20A)と、
前記選択部(20,20A)によって選択された電圧基準(Vi)に基づいて、前記スイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を駆動するための駆動信号を生成する信号生成部(21)とを含む、自励式無効電力補償装置。 - 前記制御装置(10B)は、
前記複数の相の少なくとも1つの相における電圧値および電流値のいずれかが基準値を上回ったことを検出したときに、前記第2の電圧基準(Vi2)よりも大きい第3の電圧基準(Vi3)を出力する第3の基準生成部(25)をさらに含み、
前記選択部(20A)は、前記第1から第3の電圧基準(Vi1,Vi2,Vi3)のうちの最大値を選択する、請求の範囲第1項に記載の自励式無効電力補償装置。 - 前記第2の基準生成部(18,19)は、
前記無効電流(Iq)の値を前記所定値に設定するための電流指令(Iqref)を生成する電流指令生成部(18)と、
前記系統電圧が過電圧判定しきい値を超えたときに、前記電流指令(Iqref)に基づいて前記第2の電圧基準(Vi2)を生成する電圧指令演算部(19)とを含む、請求の範囲第1項に記載の自励式無効電力補償装置。 - 複数の相を有する電力系統(3)に接続され、かつ自己消弧型のスイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を含む自励式変換器(1)と、
前記電力系統(3)の系統電圧を検出する電圧検出器(4)と、
前記電力系統(3)と前記自励式変換器(1)との間に流れる電流を検出する電流検出器(5)と、
前記スイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を制御することにより、前記自励式変換器(1)から前記電力系統(3)に出力される無効電流(Iq)を制御する制御装置(10B)とを備え、
前記制御装置(10B)は、
前記電流検出器(5)により検出された前記電流に基づいて、前記無効電流(Iq)を検出する無効電流検出部(12)と、
前記電圧検出器(4)により検出された前記系統電圧に基づいて、前記系統電圧が所定の電圧(Vref)に追従するように、前記無効電流(Iq)の電流基準(Iref)を生成する電圧制御部(15)と、
前記無効電流検出部(12)により検出された無効電流(Iq)が前記電流基準(Iref)に追従するように、前記自励式変換器(1)から出力される出力電圧の第1の電圧基準(Vi1)を生成する第1の基準生成部(17)と、
前記複数の相の少なくとも1つの相における電圧値および電流値のいずれかが基準値を上回ったことを検出したときに、所定の第2の電圧基準(Vi3)を出力する第2の基準生成部(25)と、
前記第1および第2の電圧基準(Vi1,Vi2)のうち最大値を選択する選択部(20A)と、
前記選択部(20A)により選択された電圧基準(Vi)に基づいて、前記スイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を駆動するための駆動信号を生成する信号生成部(21)とを含む、自励式無効電力補償装置。 - 前記制御装置(10A,10B)は、
前記系統電圧が過電圧判定しきい値より小さい場合には、前記第1の電圧基準(Vi1)および前記選択された電圧基準(Vi)のいずれか一方の値に、前記電圧検出器(4)により検出された前記系統電圧の値を加算する一方、前記系統電圧が前記過電圧判定しきい値より大きい場合には、前記一方の値に0を加算する電圧基準補正部(22,23)をさらに含む、請求の範囲第1から第4項のいずれか1項に記載の自励式無効電力補償装置。 - 電力系統(3)に接続され、かつ自己消弧型のスイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を含む自励式変換器(1)と、
前記電力系統(3)の系統電圧を検出する電圧検出器(4)と、
前記電力系統(3)と前記自励式変換器(1)との間に流れる電流を検出する電流検出器(5)と、
前記スイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を制御することにより、前記自励式変換器(1)から前記電力系統(3)に出力される無効電流(Iq)を制御する制御装置(10,10A-10C,10E)とを備え、
前記制御装置(10,10A-10C,10E)は、
前記電流検出器(5)により検出された前記電流に基づいて、前記無効電流(Iq)を検出する無効電流検出部(12)と、
前記電圧検出器(4)により検出された前記系統電圧に基づいて、前記系統電圧が所定の電圧(Vref)に追従するように、前記無効電流(Iq)の電流基準(Iref)を生成する電圧制御部(15)と、
前記無効電流検出部(12)により検出された前記無効電流(Iq)が前記電流基準(Iref)に追従するように、前記自励式変換器(1)から出力される出力電圧の第1の電圧基準を生成する第1の基準生成部(17)と、
前記無効電流(Iq)の挙動が変化するように、前記自励式変換器(1)の前記出力電圧の第2の電圧基準を生成する第2の基準生成部(18,19,18A,19A)と、
前記系統電圧が過電圧しきい値を下回る場合には、前記第1および第2の電圧基準のうちの第1の電圧基準を選択する一方、前記系統電圧が前記過電圧しきい値を上回る場合には、前記第2の電圧基準を選択する選択部(20,20A,30,40)と、
前記選択部(20,20A,30,40)により選択された電圧基準(Vi)に基づいて、前記スイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を駆動するための駆動信号を生成する信号生成部(21)とを含む、自励式無効電力補償装置。 - 前記第2の基準生成部(18,19)は、前記系統電圧が前記過電圧しきい値を上回った後の前記無効電流(Iq)の絶対値の時間変化率が次第に小さくなるように、前記第2の電圧基準(Vi2)を生成する、請求の範囲第6項に記載の自励式無効電力補償装置。
- 前記第2の基準生成部(18A,19A)は、前記系統電圧が前記過電圧しきい値を上回った後の前記無効電流(Iq)の絶対値の時間変化率が次第に大きくなるように、前記第2の電圧基準(Vi4)を生成する、請求の範囲第6項に記載の自励式無効電力補償装置。
- 前記第2の基準生成部(18,19)は、前記系統電圧が前記過電圧しきい値を上回った後の前記無効電流(Iq)の絶対値の時間変化率が次第に大きくなるように、前記第2の電圧基準(Vi2)を生成し、
前記制御装置(40)は、
前記系統電圧が前記過電圧しきい値を上回った後の前記無効電流(Iq)の前記絶対値の時間変化率が次第に大きくなるように第3の電圧基準(Vi4)を生成する第3の基準生成部(18A,19A)をさらに含み、
前記選択部(40)は、前記系統電圧が前記過電圧しきい値よりも大きく、かつ前記無効電流(Iq)の前記絶対値が所定の第1のしきい値より大きい場合には、前記第2の電圧基準(Vi2)を選択し、前記系統電圧が前記過電圧しきい値よりも大きく、かつ前記無効電流(Iq)の前記絶対値が所定の第2のしきい値より小さい場合には、前記第3の電圧基準(Vi4)を選択する、請求の範囲第6項に記載の自励式無効電力補償装置。 - 電力系統(3)に接続され、かつ自己消弧型のスイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を含む自励式変換器(1)と、
前記電力系統(3)の系統電圧を検出する電圧検出器(4)と、
前記電力系統(3)と前記自励式変換器(1)との間に流れる電流を検出する電流検出器(5)と、
前記スイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を制御することにより、前記自励式変換器(1)から前記電力系統(3)に出力される無効電流(Iq)を制御する制御装置(10F)とを備え、
前記制御装置(10F)は、
前記電流検出器(5)により検出された前記電流に基づいて、前記無効電流(Iq)を検出する無効電流検出部(12)と、
前記電圧検出器(4)により検出された前記系統電圧に基づいて、前記系統電圧が所定の電圧(Vref)に追従するように、前記無効電流(Iq)の電流基準(Iref)を生成する電圧制御部(15)と、
前記電流基準(Iref)と前記無効電流検出部(12)により検出された前記無効電流(Iq)との偏差を電流指令として算出する減算部(16)と、
前記系統電圧が過電圧しきい値を上回った後の無効電流(Iq)の絶対値の時間変化率が次第に小さくなるように、第1の電流指令(Iqref)を生成する第1の電流指令生成部(18)と、
前記系統電圧が前記過電圧しきい値を上回った後の前記無効電流(Iq)の前記絶対値の時間変化率が次第に大きくなるように、第2の電流指令(Iqmx)を生成する第2の電流指令生成部(18A)と、
前記系統電圧が過電圧しきい値を下回る場合には、前記第1および第2の電流指令ならびに前記偏差のうち前記偏差を選択する一方、前記系統電圧が前記過電圧しきい値を上回る場合には、前記第1および第2の電流指令のいずれかを選択する選択部(40)と、
前記選択部により選択された電流指令に基づいて、前記自励式変換器(1)から出力される出力電圧の電圧基準(Vi)を生成する基準生成部(17)と、
前記電圧基準(Vi)に基づいて、前記スイッチング素子(Q1-Q6)を駆動するための駆動信号を生成する信号生成部(21)とを含み、
前記選択部(40)は、前記系統電圧が前記過電圧しきい値よりも大きく、かつ前記無効電流(Iq)の前記絶対値が所定の第1のしきい値(Ith2)より大きい場合には前記第2の電圧基準(Vi2)を選択し、前記系統電圧が前記過電圧しきい値よりも大きく、かつ前記無効電流(Iq)の前記絶対値が所定の第2のしきい値(Ith1)より小さい場合には、前記第3の電圧基準(Vi4)を選択する、請求の範囲第6項に記載の自励式無効電力補償装置。
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JPWO2010055557A1 (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
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US20110254517A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
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