WO2006014007A1 - 静電荷像現像用現像剤及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
静電荷像現像用現像剤及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006014007A1 WO2006014007A1 PCT/JP2005/014603 JP2005014603W WO2006014007A1 WO 2006014007 A1 WO2006014007 A1 WO 2006014007A1 JP 2005014603 W JP2005014603 W JP 2005014603W WO 2006014007 A1 WO2006014007 A1 WO 2006014007A1
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- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
- G03G9/09314—Macromolecular compounds
- G03G9/09321—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0819—Developers with toner particles characterised by the dimensions of the particles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
- G03G9/0823—Electric parameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
- G03G9/09357—Macromolecular compounds
- G03G9/09364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09392—Preparation thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrostatic charge image developing used for developing an electrostatic charge image (electrostatic latent image) formed by an electrophotographic method in an image forming apparatus using an electrophotographic method such as a copying machine, a facsimile, and a printer.
- the present invention relates to a developer (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “toner”) and a method for producing the same.
- the colored polymer particles obtained by the polymerization method are sometimes called “polymerized toner”, and the colored resin particles obtained by the pulverization method are sometimes called “pulverized toner”. Both colored polymer particles and colored resin particles are called “colored particles”.
- Typical examples of the developer (toner) for developing an electrostatic image include a one-component developer in which an external additive is added to colored particles, and a two-component developer in which colored particles and carrier particles are mixed. It is. Also in the two-component developer, colored particles supplemented with external IJ are often used. Background art
- image forming devices such as copiers, facsimiles, and printers using electrophotography have become increasingly sophisticated and color-coded. Due to the high performance of such an image forming apparatus, even better image reproducibility and higher durability can be achieved for the developer (toner) used to develop the electrostatic image formed on the photoreceptor. And environmental stability is required.
- an electrostatic latent image is generally formed on a photoreceptor formed using a photoconductive substance by various means.
- the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor is developed with toner and becomes a toner image.
- the toner image is transferred onto a recording material such as paper or an OHP sheet, and then fixed on the recording material by heat or pressure.
- transfer residual toner the toner remaining on the photoconductor without being transferred onto the recording material.
- spherical colored polymer particles produced by a polymerization method were used as the colored particles. Developers (toners) have been proposed. Colored polymer particles having a spherical shape and a small particle size have a relatively small adhesion to the surface of the photoconductor because the contact area with the photoconductor is small. Therefore, the toner containing the colored polymer particles is excellent in transferability.
- the transfer residual toner slightly remaining on the photoreceptor is transferred between the cleaning plate and the surface of the photoreceptor in the cleaning process. There is a problem that it is easy to cause a slipping phenomenon (cleaning failure) and cleaning becomes difficult.
- the toner cleaning property When the toner cleaning property is lowered, the transfer residual toner is not cleaned but remains on the photosensitive member as it is. Therefore, in the subsequent image forming process, image deterioration due to poor formation of an electrostatic latent image is caused.
- various organic pigments used as color toner colorants have a characteristic that they are more charged than carbon black, which is widely used as a color toner colorant. For this reason, the color toner has an untransferred toner that adheres more strongly and electrostatically to the surface of the photoreceptor, and is Leeung is likely to be difficult.
- the core layer is made of a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide and zinc oxide
- the shell layer is made of silica.
- Proposed toner for electrostatic latent image development comprising external additive and colored particles containing silica-coated metal oxide particles having a core-shell structure and silica fine particles having a volume average particle size of 5 to 20 nm Has been.
- the toner is insufficiently improved in terms of ease of tallying, and has a problem that the print density is lowered in a low temperature and low humidity environment.
- An object of the present invention is a developer for developing an electrostatic charge image containing colored particles and an external additive, and even when durable printing is performed, cleaning is very easy, and environmental stability and printing durability are also improved.
- the object is to provide an excellent developer for developing an electrostatic image.
- Organic solvents include Use an organic solvent that does not dissolve colored polymer particles such as rucol.
- a developer for developing an electrostatic image comprising a binder resin, a colorant, and colored particles containing a release agent, and an external additive,
- a polymerizable monomer composition containing a polymerizable monomer, a colorant, and a release agent is dispersed by high shear stirring to obtain a liquid of the polymerizable monomer composition. Forming drops 1;
- Step 2 of polymerizing the polymerizable monomer composition by raising the temperature of the aqueous medium containing the droplets to a polymerization temperature in the presence of a polymerization initiator;
- the colored polymer particles are separated from the aqueous medium containing the produced colored polymer particles by filtration, and the colored polymer particles are purified by washing with water. At this time, the colored polymer particles are dissolved.
- the work function is 5.70 eV or more.
- the excitation energy (eV) is the horizontal axis, and the photoelectron yield per unit photon is 0.
- the slope of the normalized photoelectron yield with respect to the excitation energy is 15 / eV or more, and
- the amount of methanol extracted is 5.
- a method for producing a developer for developing an electrostatic charge image having a characteristic of 0% by weight or less is provided.
- the colored particles preferably have an average circularity in the range of 0.940 to 0.980.
- the step 2 is the following steps 2-1 to 2— 3:
- Step 2-1 for starting the polymerization of the polymerizable monomer composition by raising the temperature of the aqueous medium containing the droplets to the polymerization temperature in the presence of a polymerization initiator;
- Step 2-2 in which the aqueous medium is cooled to a temperature lower than the polymerization temperature and the high shear stirring is performed again while the polymerization conversion rate of the polymerizable monomer is within the range of 25 to 95%;
- the release agent is preferably an esterified product of a polyhydric alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
- the mixing ratio of the release agent is preferably in the range of 1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin component constituting the colored particles. Therefore, when the colored particles are colored polymer particles, when preparing the polymerizable monomer composition, the release agent is added in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer. It is preferable to use at a ratio of
- is preferably in the range of 50 to 120 C / g.
- silica fine particles (A) having a primary particle number average particle diameter of 5 to 20 nm or a volume average particle diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 111 and a sphericity of 1. It is preferable to contain 0 to 1.3 spherical silica fine particles (B) or a mixture thereof.
- silica fine particles (C) whose primary particles have a number average particle diameter of more than 20 nm and less than 100 nm.
- Figure 1 shows the work function X and the normalized photoelectron yield expressed as the 0.5th power of the photoelectron yield per unit photon with the horizontal axis being the excitation energy (eV) in the measurement of the work function.
- the toner of the present invention is a developer for developing an electrostatic charge image containing colored particles containing a binder resin, a colorant, and a release agent, and the outside.
- the work function is 5.70 eV or more
- the excitation energy (eV) is the horizontal axis
- the photoelectron yield per unit photon is Where the normalized photoelectron yield expressed by the power of 0.5 is the vertical axis, the slope of the standard photoelectron yield with respect to the excitation energy is 15 / eV or more, and (c) methanol extraction It has the characteristic that the amount is 5.0% by weight or less.
- the work function is the minimum energy required to extract electrons in a solid out of the solid.
- the work function is defined as the minimum energy required to extract the electrons in the solid, which are bound like the electrons in the atom, from the surface of the solid.
- Work function is known as an important quantity related to contact potential difference, electron emission phenomenon, chemical activity, etc. on the surface of solid.
- the work function is an energy level specific to a substance, and the work function of a toner means an energy level that is a threshold at which a toner begins to emit electrons.
- the work function value can be obtained by measuring the photoelectric work function using a photoelectron spectrometer ("MO DELAC-2" manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.). Using a 500 nW deuterium light source as a UV light source to excite the sample, the energy of the monochromatic incident light (spot size 2 to 4 mm) is changed from 3.4 eV to 6.2 eV. and irradiating the specimen while scanning, the photoelectrons emitted from the sample surface is measured by the counter one obtains the normalized photoelectron yield with respect to excitation energy (e V).
- the normalized photoelectron yield means a value obtained by raising the photoelectron yield per unit photoelectron to the 0th or 5th power.
- the graph of Fig. 1 when the excitation energy due to incident light is scanned from the lower side, in the region where the excitation energy is low, a flat portion where the normalized photoelectron yield does not change continues, and the excitation energy reaches a certain level. When it reaches, the normalized photoelectron yield starts to increase rapidly.
- the changing point at which the normalized photoelectron yield starts to increase is the work function X (e V) of the toner to be measured.
- the slope of the region where the rate of change of the graph is stable is the slope of the normalized photoelectron yield with respect to the excitation energy Y
- the slope ⁇ of the normalized photoelectron yield with respect to the work function X and excitation energy of the toner is obtained by the following method. That is, the measured values obtained by the measurement are plotted with the excitation energy on the horizontal axis and the normalized photoelectron yield on the vertical axis. Next, an appropriate number of measurement points are picked up from the flat area immediately before the position where the plotted measurement value rises on the graph, and the normalized photoelectric yield value is averaged to obtain a baseline.
- the average value was obtained from the standardized photoelectron yield values of 11 points every 0.1 l eV in the range of 4.2 to 5.2 eV of excitation energy and used as the baseline.
- the normalized photoelectron yield value rises continuously in the range of 0.3 eV from the baseline value (4 points every 0.1 eV)
- the normalized electron yield value is A straight line is obtained in the range of 6.2 eV from a value 0.2 eV larger than the excitation energy value at the point where it began to rise (the first of the above four points), and the slope is a standard for the excitation energy.
- the slope of the photoelectron yield Y (eV 1 1 ) is the excitation energy at the intersection of the primary line and the baseline is the work function X (e V).
- the work function is the minimum energy required to extract electrons from the outermost material, and is a value specific to each material. It shows that the smaller the work function, the easier it is to emit electrons, while the larger the work function, the harder it is to emit electrons. Also, the larger the slope of the normalized photoelectron yield with respect to the excitation energy, the more electrons are released.
- the work function of the toner and the slope of the normalized photoelectron yield with respect to the excitation energy are considered to be closely related to the contact charging of the toner. By setting these values within the specific range described above, it is considered that the degree of electrostatic adhesion between the toner and the surface of the photoreceptor can be appropriately controlled.
- the work function of the present invention "X" is not less than 5.70 eV, preferably not less than 5.8 OeV.
- the upper limit of the workfunction is usually 7.OOeV. In many cases, it is 6.50 e V.
- Y of the normalized photoelectron yield with respect to the excitation energy of the toner of the present invention is 15 / eV or more, preferably 2 OZ eV or more.
- the upper limit of the slope Y is usually 4 OZ e V, and in many cases 35 e V. Since the work function X of the toner and the slope Y are within the above ranges, the durability printability and the consistency can be reduced. Jung characteristics can be well balanced.
- the amount of methanol extracted from the toner (%) is determined by extracting the methanol-soluble components present in the vicinity of the toner surface using the Soxhlet extraction method and measuring the change in toner weight (reduction) before and after extraction. The ratio to the weight can be calculated and obtained.
- the amount of methanol extracted from the toner of the present invention is 5.0% by weight or less, preferably 4.5% by weight or less, more preferably 4.0% by weight or less. When the amount of methanol extracted from the toner increases, the environmental stability of the toner tends to deteriorate.
- the lower limit of the amount of methanol extracted from toner is usually 0.5% by weight, and in many cases 1.0% or 2.0% by weight.
- the toner of the present invention is obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer composition containing a polymerizable monomer, a colorant, and a release agent in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymerization initiator.
- a toner obtained by mixing the colored polymer particles with an external additive after obtaining the particles is preferable.
- a suspension polymerization method is preferably used as the polymerization method.
- a method for producing toner by suspension polymerization will be described in detail.
- a polymerizable monomer composition is prepared by adding a colorant, a release agent, and other additives as necessary to the polymerizable monomer, and dissolving or dispersing them.
- the polymerizable monomer composition is put into an aqueous medium containing a dispersion stabilizer and stirred to granulate the polymerizable monomer composition (form droplets).
- Polymerization is carried out in the presence of a polymerization initiator to obtain an aqueous medium (hereinafter referred to as “aqueous dispersion”) containing the produced colored polymer particles.
- the aqueous dispersion is filtered to separate the colored polymer particles, and the colored polymer particles are washed, dehydrated and dried.
- An external additive is added to the dry colored polymer particles thus obtained to obtain a toner.
- the colored polymer particles are mixed with a carrier.
- the toner of the present invention preferably has the following steps 1 to 4:
- a polymerizable monomer composition containing a polymerizable monomer, a colorant, and a release agent is dispersed by high shear stirring, and a solution of the polymerizable monomer composition is obtained. Forming drops 1;
- Step 2 of polymerizing the polymerizable monomer composition by raising the temperature of the aqueous medium containing the droplets to the polymerization temperature in the presence of a polymerization initiator;
- the colored polymer particles are separated from the aqueous medium containing the produced colored polymer particles by filtration, and the colored polymer particles are purified by washing with water. At this time, the colored polymer particles are dissolved.
- the colored polymer particles of the present invention preferably have an average circularity in the range of 0.940 to 0.980.
- the step 2 comprises the following steps 2-1 to 2-3:
- Step 2-1 for starting the polymerization of the polymerizable monomer composition by raising the temperature of the aqueous medium containing the droplets to the polymerization temperature in the presence of a polymerization initiator;
- the colored particles used in the present invention are preferably colored particles having a core-shell structure, and more preferably colored polymer particles having a core-shell structure.
- the colored polymer particles formed after the step 2 are used.
- a step of introducing a polymerizable monomer for a shell into an aqueous medium containing polymer particles, polymerizing the polymerizable monomer for a shell, and forming a polymer layer on the surface of the colored polymer particles 2 B It is preferable to employ a method of further arranging. By this method, the colored polymer particles produced by the polymerization of the polymerizable monomer composition are used as core particles, and the core-shell structure is colored with a polymer layer (shell) formed on the surface of the core particles. Polymer particles are obtained.
- the polymerizable monomer refers to a polymerizable compound. It is preferable to use a monobule monomer as the main component of the polymerizable monomer.
- Monovinyl monomers include, for example, styrene; styrene derivatives such as butyltoluene and ⁇ -methylstyrene; atalyl acid and methacrylic acid; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid 21 Ethyl hexyl, and allylic acid ester compounds such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid Methacrylic acid ester compounds such as dimethylaminoethyl; Unsaturated nitrile compounds
- monobul single rods may be used alone or in combination.
- monovinyl monomer styrene, a styrene derivative, an ester compound of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is preferably used.
- the monovinyl monomer has a glass transition temperature Tg of a polymer (including a copolymer) obtained by polymerizing it of usually 80 ° C. or lower, preferably 30 to 80 ° C., more preferably It is preferable to select it so that it becomes 4 0-70 ° C.
- Tg of the polymer component of toner can be calculated by calculation according to the type and ratio of the polymerizable monomer used according to a conventional method.
- crosslinkable monomer In order to improve hot offset during toner fixing, it is preferable to use a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “crosslinkable monomer”) together with the monovinyl monomer.
- the crosslinkable monomer means a polymerizable monomer having two or more polymerizable functional groups.
- crosslinking monomer examples include aromatic dibule compounds such as dibulene benzene, divinylnaphthalene, and derivatives thereof; unsaturated polycarboxylic acid polyesters of polyalcohols such as ethylene glycol 1 / resist methacrylate and diethylene glycol 1 / resist methacrylate And N, N-divinylaniline and other divinyl compounds such as dibuyl ether; compounds having three or more vinyl groups; These crosslinkable monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the crosslinkable monomer is usually used at a ratio of 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 2 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monobule monomer.
- a macromonomer is a compound having a polymerizable carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond at the end of a molecular chain, and generally has a number average molecular weight in the range of 1, 0 00 to 30, 0 0 0. Oligomer or polymer.
- the macromonomer is preferably one that gives a polymer having a glass transition temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer obtained by polymerizing the monovinyl monomer.
- the amount of the macromonomer used is usually from 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably from 0.03 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably from 0.05 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the monovinyl monomer. :! It is a heavy part.
- a black colorant is used when obtaining a monochrome toner, and a black colorant, a yellow colorant, a magenta colorant and a cyan colorant are usually used when obtaining a full color toner, respectively.
- Specific examples include the following colorants.
- the black colorant include pigments such as carbon black, titanium black, and magnetic powder (such as zinc iron oxide and nickel iron oxide).
- carbon black is preferable, and carbon black having a next particle size of 20 to 40 nm is more preferable.
- carbon black can be uniformly dispersed in the toner, and fogging during printing is reduced.
- yellow colorant for example, compounds such as azo colorants and condensed polycyclic colorants are used. Specifically, CI pigment yellow 3, 12, 1 3, 14, 15, 17, 62, 65, 73, 74, 83, 90, 93, 97, 120, 138, 155, 180, 181, 185, 186 and 186.
- magenta colorant for example, compounds such as azo colorants and condensed polycyclic colorants are used.
- cyan colorants include copper phthalocyanine compounds, derivatives thereof, and anthraquinone compounds. Specific examples thereof include CI Pigment Blue 2, 3, 6, 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 16, 17 and 60.
- the amount of the colorant to be used is usually 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monobule monomer.
- Any release agent can be used without particular limitation as long as it is generally used as a toner release agent.
- the release agent include low molecular weight polyolefin waxes such as low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene and low molecular weight polypropylene; molecular terminal oxidized low molecular weight polypropylene, molecular terminal epoxidized low molecular weight polypropylene, and these and low molecular weight polyethylene.
- End-modified polyolefins such as block polymers, molecular end-oxidized low molecular weight polyethylene, molecular end epoxidized low molecular weight polyethylene, and block polymers of these and low molecular weight polypropylene.
- Fin waxes Natural waxes such as candelilla, carnauba, rice, wood wax, and jojoba; petroleum waxes such as paraffin, microcrystalline, and petrolactam, and modified waxes thereof; Mineral wax such as Fischer-Tropsch wax, etc.
- Polyesters such as Pentaerythritol Tetramyristate, Pentaerythritol Tetrapalmitate, Pentaerythritol Tetrastearate and Pentaerythritol Tetralaurate and Esters of Carboxylic Acid Compounds.
- the release agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- esterified products of polyhydric alcohols and carboxylic acids are preferable.
- the polyhydric alcohol pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol are preferable.
- carboxylic acid include aliphatic carboxylic acids having 10 to 30 carbon atoms, alicyclic carboxylic acids, and aromatic carboxylic acids. Among these, palmitic acid, lauric acid, and stearic acid are preferable.
- the endothermic peak temperature measured from the DSC curve at the time of temperature rise using a differential scanning calorimeter is usually 30 ° to 150 ° (preferably 50 ° to I 20 °).
- C more preferably polyhydric alcohols and carboxylic acids such as pentaerythritol esters in the range of 60 to 100 ° C and dipentaerythritol esters having the same endothermic peak temperature in the range of 50 to 80 ° C.
- the esterified product is particularly preferable in terms of the balance between toner fixing property and peelability.
- the release agent is usually used in a proportion of 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monobule monomer.
- molecular weight modifiers include mercaptans such as t-dodecyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, n-octyl mercaptan, and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane-4-thiol.
- the molecular weight modifier can be added before the polymerization starts or during the polymerization.
- the amount of the molecular weight modifier used is preferably from 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monobule monomer.
- a charge control agent is preferably used.
- charge control agent various positively chargeable or negatively chargeable charge control agents can be used.
- a metal complex of an organic compound having a strong lpoxyl group or a nitrogen-containing group, a metal-containing dye, a charge control agent such as niggincin; a group-containing copolymer of a quaternary ammonium group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid tomb or Charge control resins such as salt-containing copolymers of the salts can be used.
- the quaternary ammonium group or a salt group thereof means a group consisting of a quaternary ammonium salt or a quaternary ammonium salt.
- a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof means a group consisting of sulfonic acid or sulfonate.
- a charge control resin such as a quaternary ammonium group or a salt group-containing copolymer thereof, or a sulfonic acid group or a salt group-containing copolymer thereof results in good printing durability of the toner. Power is preferable.
- the charge control agent is generally used at a ratio of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.03 to 8 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the monobule monomer.
- a polymerizable monomer composition containing a polymerizable monomer, a colorant, a release agent, and other additives as necessary is dispersed in an aqueous medium containing a dispersion stabilizer, and a polymerization initiator is added. After the addition, the polymerizable monomer composition is granulated. In order to suppress premature polymerization, a polymerization initiator may be added to an aqueous medium in the middle of the granulation step and formed in droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition.
- the granulation method is not particularly limited.
- an in-line type milk disperser (trade name “Milder” manufactured by Ebara Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), a high-speed emulsifier disperser (trade name “made by Special Machine Industries, Ltd. T. ⁇ . Homomixer MAR KII type j), etc., which can be vigorously stirred Forming droplets of the polymerizable monomer composition in the aqueous medium by the granulation process Granulation process Then, using a disperser as described above, high shear agitation is usually performed at a rotational speed of 5, 0 00 to 25, 0 00 rpm, preferably 10 0, 0 00 to 2 0, 0 00 rpm. Do.
- the aqueous medium used in the present invention may be water alone, or a solvent that can be dissolved in water may be used in combination.
- solvents that can be dissolved in water include alcohol (meta Diol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, etc.), dimethyl honolemide, tetrahydrofuran, and lower ketones (aceton, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.).
- the aqueous medium preferably contains a dispersion stabilizer.
- the dispersion stabilizer include sulfates such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate; carbonates such as barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate; phosphates such as calcium phosphate; aluminum oxide and titanium oxide.
- Metal oxides such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, metal hydroxides such as hydroxide and ferric hydroxide, and the like.
- dispersion stabilizer organic compounds such as water-soluble polymers such as polybulal alcohol, methylcellulose and gelatin; anionic surfactants; nonionic surfactants; amphoteric surfactants; These dispersion stabilizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- metal compounds are preferred.
- metal hydroxides that are sparingly water-soluble colloids can narrow the particle size distribution of the colored polymer particles, and the residual amount of the dispersion stabilizer after washing is small, and the resulting toner has a clear image. It is particularly preferable because it can be reproduced in the following manner and environmental stability is not deteriorated.
- the hardly water-soluble metal hydroxide colloid can be produced, for example, by adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution of the water-soluble polyvalent metal compound to 7 or more.
- a colloid of a hardly water-soluble metal hydroxide produced by a reaction between a water-soluble polyvalent metal compound and an aluminum hydroxide metal salt in an aqueous phase is more preferable.
- the colloid of a poorly water-soluble metal hydroxide has a particle size distribution (Dp50) of less than 0.5 ⁇ , where the cumulative number from the small particle size side is 50%. Similarly, it is preferable that the particle diameter (D p 90) having a cumulative total of 90% calculated from the small particle diameter side is 1 / ⁇ ⁇ or less. If the colloid particle size is within these ranges, the polymerization stability is good.
- the amount of the dispersion stabilizer used is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monobule monomer. If the amount of the dispersion stabilizer is too small, it may be difficult to obtain sufficient polymerization stability, and polymerization aggregates may be easily formed. As a result, the particle diameter of the resulting colored polymer particles may become too fine, making it impractical.
- polymerization initiator used for the polymerization of the polymerizable monomer composition examples include persulfates such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate; 4, 4'-azobis (4-cyanobalic acid), 2, 2'-azobis (2-methinole-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) propionamide, 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile ), And 2, 2'-azobisisobutyronitrile and other azo compounds; tert-butyl peroxide, benzoinoreja, monooxide, tert-butylenoperoxy-2-ethinorehexanoate, t Xylperoxy 2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl peroxypiparate, disopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di-tert-butylene peroxysophthalate And
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 15 parts by weight, and most preferably 0.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the monobule monomer. ⁇ 10 parts by weight.
- the polymerization initiator may be added to the aqueous medium before granulation after the polymerizable monomer composition is dispersed in the aqueous medium, but the polymerizable monomer composition is dispersed before being dispersed in the aqueous medium. You may add it in advance.
- the aqueous medium in which the granulated polymerizable monomer composition is dispersed is heated to start polymerization.
- the polymerization temperature of the polymerizable monomer composition is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 to 95 ° C., although it depends on the thermal decomposition temperature of the polymerization initiator used.
- the polymerization time is preferably 1 to 20 hours, more preferably 2 to 15 hours.
- a colored polymer particle obtained by polymerization of a polymerizable monomer composition is used as a core particle, and a polymer layer (shell) is formed on the outer side thereof, thereby forming a core-shell structure.
- Colored polymer particles are preferred.
- Colored polymer particles having a core-shell structure are formed by coating core particles made of a material having a low softening point or Tg with a polymer layer having a higher softening point or Tg, thereby fixing the toner fixing temperature.
- Low A balance between warming (fixing property) and prevention of aggregation during storage (preserving property) can be achieved.
- the method for producing the colored polymer particles having a core structure using the colored polymer particles obtained by polymerization of the polymerizable monomer composition as a core particle is produced by a conventionally known method. be able to.
- known methods the in situ polymerization method and the phase separation method are preferable from the viewpoint of production efficiency.
- a method for producing colored polymer particles having a core-shell structure by an in situ polymerization method will be described below.
- the same polymerizable monomers as described above can be used.
- a polymerizable monomer or a polymerizable monomer mixture such as styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate, which can obtain a polymer (including a copolymer) having a Tg exceeding 80 ° C.
- the T g of the polymer forming the shell is preferably more than 80 ° C. and not more than 120 ° C., more preferably 90 ° to 110 ° C.
- Polymerization initiators used for polymerization of polymerizable monomers for shells include persulfate metal salts such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate; 2, 2'-azobis (2-methyl-N- (2-hydroxy Azoyl) propionamide), 2,2'-azobis mono (2-methyl mono N— (1, 11 mono bis (hydroxymethyl) 2-hydroxy propyl) propionamide) and the like; And water-soluble polymerization initiators such as The amount of the polymerization initiator is usually 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the shell polymerizable monomer.
- the polymerization temperature for forming the shell is usually 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 to 95 ° C.
- the polymerization time is usually 1 to 20 hours, preferably 2 to 15 hours.
- the colored particles of the present invention preferably have an average circularity in the range of 0.940 to 0.980.
- the step 2 is converted into an ovalization treatment represented by the following steps 2-1 to 2-3. It is preferable to set it as a process.
- Step 2-1 for starting the polymerization of the polymerizable monomer composition by raising the temperature of the aqueous medium containing the droplets to the polymerization temperature in the presence of a polymerization initiator;
- Step 2 in which the aqueous medium is cooled to a temperature lower than the polymerization temperature and the high shear stirring is performed again while the polymerization conversion rate of the polymerizable monomer is within the range of 25 to 95%. 2;
- Step 2-3 in which the temperature of the aqueous medium is raised again to the polymerization temperature and the polymerization is continued until the polymerization conversion rate of the polymerizable monomer reaches 98% or more.
- the temperature in the steps 2-1 and 2-3 is a polymerization temperature.
- step 2-2 the aqueous medium is polymerized while the polymerization conversion rate of the polymerizable monomer is in the range of 25 to 95%, preferably 30 to 90%, more preferably 40 to 80%.
- the temperature is lowered to a temperature lower than this, and high shear stirring is performed again in a state where the progress of the polymerization reaction is suppressed.
- high shear stirring using the same disperser as used in the granulation process, high shear stirring is usually performed at a rotational speed of 5,000 to 25,000 rpm, preferably 10,000 to 20, OOO rpm. I do.
- the colored polymer particles that are finally produced become elliptical by performing high shear stirring during the polymerization process. If the polymerization conversion rate is too low, the degree of ovalization tends to be insufficient even if high shear stirring is performed during the polymerization process, and if the polymerization conversion rate is too high, the degree of ovalization tends to be insufficient.
- the average circularity of the colored particles of the present invention is preferably 0.940 to 0.980, more preferably 0.950 to 0.970. By setting the average circularity of the colored particles of the present invention within this range, the toner transfer property and cleaning property can be highly balanced.
- aqueous dispersion An aqueous medium containing colored polymer particles (including colored polymer particles with a core-shell structure) obtained by polymerization (hereinafter referred to as “aqueous dispersion”) is dispersed and stabilized in accordance with a conventional method after the polymerization is completed. Purification is performed by repeating the operations such as washing, filtration, dehydration, and drying to remove the agent.
- a metal compound such as a metal hydroxide is used as a dispersion stabilizer.
- a hardly water-soluble metal hydroxide colloid is used as the dispersion stabilizer, it is preferable to adjust the pH to 6.5 or less by adding an acid to the aqueous dispersion.
- the acid to be added inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid; organic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid can be used.
- the removal efficiency is high and the burden on the manufacturing equipment is small. Sulfuric acid is particularly preferred.
- dehydration and filtration methods various known methods can be used and are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a centrifugal filtration method, a vacuum filtration method, and a pressure filtration method.
- the organic solvent used for washing is preferably an organic solvent having a low boiling point that does not dissolve the colored polymer particles and can be easily dried after washing.
- Preferred organic solvents include alcohols. As the alcohols, lower alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methanol and ethanol are preferable.
- Washing with an organic solvent is preferably performed after a treatment for dissolving and removing the dispersion stabilizer with acid or alkali, filtration, washing with water, and the like.
- the amount of organic solvent used for cleaning is such that the amount of methanol extracted from the toner is 5.0% by weight or less.
- the amount of the organic solvent used for washing is preferably from 100 to 500 parts by weight, more preferably from 150 to 30 parts per 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer composition used for the polymerization. 0 parts by weight.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and various methods can be used.
- the volume average particle diameter DV of the colored particles is preferably 3 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 to 12 ⁇ m . If the DV is too small, the fluidity of the toner may be reduced, resulting in poor transferability, blurring, and reduced print density. If D v is too large, the resolution of the image may decrease.
- the average circularity of the colored particles is preferably 0.94 0 to 0.98. 0, more preferably 0.95 0 to 0.97 0. If the average circularity of the colored particles is too large, the cleaning property may be deteriorated, and if it is too small, the transfer property may be deteriorated or the resolution of the image may be lowered.
- the colored particles constituting the toner of the present invention have a ratio of the volume average particle diameter DV to the number average particle diameter 0 of 0 ⁇ ⁇ 0 (this is sometimes referred to as “particle size distribution”). ⁇ 1.5, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ : L.3. If D v / D p is too large, blurring may occur, and transferability, print density, and resolution may decrease.
- the volume average particle diameter and the number average particle diameter of the colored particles can be measured using, for example, Multisizer (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
- the toner of the present invention is obtained by mixing colored particles and external additives using a high-speed stirrer such as a Henschel mixer in order to adjust the chargeability, fluidity, and storage stability of the toner.
- a high-speed stirrer such as a Henschel mixer
- Use toner, or mix colored particles, external additives, and carrier particles such as ferrite and iron powder to make a two-component toner.
- inorganic particles and organic resin particles that are usually used for the purpose of improving fluidity and chargeability can be used.
- the inorganic particles include silica, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and cerium oxide fine particles.
- the organic resin particles include organic resin particles.
- core is styrene polymer and shell is Examples thereof include fine particles having a core-shell structure formed of a methacrylic acid ester polymer.
- the addition amount of the external additive is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 to 6 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the colored particles.
- silica fine particles (A) having a number average primary particle size of 5 to 20 nm as an external additive.
- the silica fine particles (A) are more preferably hydrophobized with a surface treatment agent such as a silane coupling agent, silicone oil, fatty acid, and fatty acid metal sarcophagus.
- a surface treatment agent such as a silane coupling agent, silicone oil, fatty acid, and fatty acid metal sarcophagus.
- the degree of hydrophobization is preferably 40 to 95%. If the degree of hydrophobicity is too small, the influence of the environment will be large, especially when high and hot and humid. is there. On the other hand, if the degree of hydrophobicity is too large, charging may increase at low temperatures and low humidity, and printing density may decrease.
- the addition amount of the silica fine particles (A) is preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 1.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the colored particles. By setting the addition amount of the silica fine particles (A) within the above range, properties such as toner fluidity and image quality can be improved.
- spherical Siri force fine particles (B) having a volume average particle diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the sphericity of the spherical silica fine particles (B) is preferably 1.0 to 1.3, and more preferably 1.0 to 1.2.
- the spherical silica fine particles (B) are more preferably subjected to a hydrophobic treatment like the silica fine particles (A).
- the addition amount of the spherical silica fine particles (B) is preferably 0.1 to 2.5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 2.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the colored particles. If the amount of spherical silica fine particles (B) added is too small, toner cleaning properties may be reduced. If it is too large, printing smears or poor fixing may occur when printing toner at low temperature and low humidity. is there.
- Siri force fine particles (A) having a number average primary particle size of 5 to 20 nm and spherical silica fine particles (B) having a volume average particle size of 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ ni are used in combination. This is preferable in order to achieve a high balance of properties such as toner fluidity, transferability, cleaning properties, durable printing properties, and fixing properties.
- silica fine particles (C) having a number average particle size of primary particles exceeding 20 ⁇ m and not more than 100 iim can be used as an external additive.
- the number average particle size of the primary particles of the silica fine particles (C) is preferably 30 to 90 nm.
- the silica fine particles (C) are preferably used in combination with the silica fine particles (A) and Z or spherical silica fine particles (B) from the viewpoint of the toner characteristics.
- the addition amount of the silica fine particles (C) is preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 1.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the colored particles.
- the toner charge amount is preferably 50 to 1 20 ju CZg, more preferably 60 to L0 ⁇ CZg, as the absolute value IQI of the blow-off charge amount. Toner toner If the absolute value i QI of the low-off charge is too small, fogging is likely to occur, and if it is too large, the print density is lowered and printing stains are likely to occur.
- Example 1 The toner charge amount is preferably 50 to 1 20 ju CZg, more preferably 60 to L0 ⁇ CZg, as the absolute value IQI of the blow-off charge amount.
- Circularity (perimeter of the circle equal to the projected area of the particle) / (perimeter of the projected particle image)
- the number average particle size of primary particles of silica fine particles is obtained by taking an electron micrograph of each particle, and using the image processing analyzer Luzex I ID [manufactured by Reco], the particle area ratio relative to the frame area
- the number average particle size of primary particles of silica fine particles (C) was also measured by the same measurement method.
- the sphericity S c ZS r which is the value obtained by dividing the area S c of the spherical Siri force fine particle with the absolute maximum length as the major axis by the actual projected area S r of the particle, is obtained by taking an electron micrograph of each particle.
- the image processing analyzer [trade name “Luzex II DJ” manufactured by Yureko Co., Ltd.] the photograph was measured under the conditions where the area ratio of particles to the frame area was 2% at maximum and the total number of processed particles was 100.
- Toner weight in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 g is precisely weighed, and toner weight T before extraction. It was.
- This toner was placed in a cylindrical filter paper (trade name “No. 86R” manufactured by Toyo Filter Paper), and the total weight 1 of the weight of the cylindrical filter paper and the weight of the toner was weighed.
- the cylindrical filter paper containing the toner was placed in a Soxhlet extractor and extracted with 100 ml of methanol solvent for 6 hours.
- the extracted cylindrical filter paper containing the toner was air-dried for 12 hours, and further vacuum-dried at 50 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the weight T 2 of the cylindrical filter paper containing the toner after vacuum drying was weighed, and the methanol extract (%) was calculated by the following formula.
- Methanol extract (%) (( ⁇ ⁇ 2 ) / ⁇ 0 ) X 100
- the charge amount of the toner was measured as follows. Carrier (Powder Tech, trade name “TEFV 150/250”) 59. 7 g and 0.3 g of toner are weighed and placed in a 200 cc SUS pot, rotating for 30 minutes at 150 rpm. Then, it was blown off with a blow-off meter (trade name “TB-100” manufactured by Toshiba Chemical Co., Ltd.) under a pressure of nitrogen gas of 1 kg Zm 2 and measured. The measurement was performed at a temperature of 23 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%.
- Carrier Pulder Tech, trade name “TEFV 150/250”
- 7 g and 0.3 g of toner are weighed and placed in a 200 cc SUS pot, rotating for 30 minutes at 150 rpm. Then, it was blown off with a blow-off meter (trade name “TB-100” manufactured by Toshiba Chemical Co., Ltd.) under a pressure of nitrogen gas of 1 kg Zm 2 and measured. The measurement was performed at
- Measurement is performed using a photoelectron spectrometer (trade name “MODEL AC-2” manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.). Used. About 0.5 g of toner was spread evenly on a measuring holder. As a UV light source, a 500 nW deuterium light source is used, and it irradiates while scanning the energy of monochromatic incident light (spot size 2 to 4 mm) from 3.4 eV force to 6.2 eV. The normalized photoelectron yield with respect to the excitation energy was obtained. The slope of normalized photoelectron yield and excitation energy in work function measurement was obtained from normalized photoelectron yield and excitation energy. Details of the measurement method are as described above.
- the fixing ratio was calculated from the ratio of the image density before and after the tape peeling operation in the black solid area printed on the test paper with the printer. That is, if the image density before tape peeling is ID (front) and the image density after tape peeling is ID (after), the fixing ratio can be calculated from the following equation.
- Fixing rate (%) [ID (back) / ID (front)] X 100
- the tape peeling operation means sticking an adhesive tape (manufactured by Sumitomo Suriem Co., Ltd., trade name “Scotch Mending Tape 810-3-18”) on the measurement part (black solid area) of the test paper, It is a series of operations in which the adhesive tape is pressed and adhered at a constant pressure, and then the adhesive tape is peeled in a direction along the paper at a constant speed.
- the image density was measured using a reflection type image densitometer (manufactured by Macbeth).
- the minimum fixing roll temperature at which the fixing rate is 80% or more was defined as the toner fixing temperature.
- the temperature was increased in 5 ° C increments, and the temperature at which toner deposits due to offset were confirmed on the fixing hole was taken as the offset temperature.
- the toner was put in a printer and allowed to stand overnight at a temperature of 30 ° (:, relative humidity 80% (HZH environment), and then the initial print density (HZH initial print density) was measured.
- Toner was put in the above printer and left in the NZN environment for a day and night, then continuously printed at 5% print density, and the print density and fogging were measured every 500 sheets.
- the print density was measured with a reflective image densitometer (manufactured by Macbeth Co., Ltd.) on black-printed paper.
- Capri was measured as follows. White solid printing was performed, and the printer was stopped halfway, and the non-image area toner on the photoconductor after development was adhered to the adhesive tape described above. This adhesive tape was affixed to a new printing paper, and the color tone was measured with a spectral color difference meter (trade name “SE-2000” manufactured by Nippon Denshoku). Similarly, as a reference, stick an unused adhesive tape to the printing paper, measure the color tone in the same way, and express each color tone as coordinates in the L * a * b * space. A capri value was obtained by calculating a color difference ⁇ from the color tone. Smaller capri values indicate less capri and better image quality.
- a cleaning blade sample for testing was attached to the above printer, toner was put in the cartridge, and left for a whole day and night in an NZN environment. After that, continuous printing is performed at 5% density, and after every 500 sheets printing, the photoreceptor and the charging roll are visually observed to test whether streaks due to poor cleaning have occurred, and whether there is any defective cleaning. Tested up to 10,000 prints. The test results showed the number of prints where cleaning failure occurred. The test result of 10,000 sheets indicates that no defective cleaning occurred even after printing 10,000 sheets continuously. (1 2) Streaks or black spots
- the spherical silica fine particles were classified with an air classifier.
- Hexamethyldisilazane diluted with alcohol is added dropwise to the classified spherical silica fine particles, and 1% hexamethyldisilazane is added dropwise to the spherical spherical force fine particles to be treated. Heated for 0 minutes. Next, the solvent was removed at 140 ° C., and further, heat treatment was carried out at 2 10 ° C. for 4 hours with vigorous stirring to obtain hydrophobized spherical silica fine particles.
- the resulting spherical silica fine particles (referred to as spherical silica fine particles 1) had a degree of hydrophobicity of 70% and a bulk density of 110 g ZL.
- a magnesium chloride aqueous solution in which 11.8 parts of magnesium chloride is dissolved in 2500 parts of ion-exchanged water, and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide in which 6.6 parts of sodium hydroxide are dissolved in 50 parts of ion-exchanged water are stirred.
- the aqueous medium containing the magnesium hydroxide colloid was prepared gradually.
- the polymerizable monomer composition was added to the magnesium hydroxide colloid dispersion and stirred.
- As a polymerization initiator 6 parts of t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate (perbutyl IB; manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.) was added, and an in-line type emulsifying disperser (trade name “Milder” manufactured by Ebara Corporation) was used.
- the polymerized monomer composition was granulated by high shear stirring for 30 minutes at a rotation speed of 15,000 rpm and droplets were formed.
- the temperature of the liquid was raised to 95 ° C., and the polymerization conversion reached approximately 100%.
- the shell polymerization monomer was dispersed in the aqueous dispersion of the shell polymerizable monomer.
- 2, 2 '—azobis [2-methyl mono ⁇ — (2-hydride quichetil) monopropionamide] (trade name “VA— 08 6”, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) )) 0.3 parts were dissolved and placed in a reaction vessel. After the polymerization was continued for 4 hours, the reaction was stopped to obtain an aqueous dispersion of colored polymer particles.
- Add 1 part stir at 1400 rpm for 5 minutes using a Henschel mixer, and further squeeze fine particles with a number average particle size of 12 nm primary particles while cooling the Henschel mixer jacket with water (Product made by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., trade name “R-1 04”, Hydrophobic degree ⁇ 45%)
- the obtained toner was subjected to the above test.
- Example 1 In Example 1, except that Yellow Pigment CI Pigment Yellow 180 (manufactured by Clariant) was used in place of CI Pigment Blue 15: 3 (manufactured by Clariant Neat) as the cyan pigment of the colorant. Prepare the toner It was. Here, the volume average particle diameter of the obtained colored polymer particles was 6.8. The obtained toner was subjected to the test described above. Table 1 shows the polymerization formulation and composition, and Table 3 shows the test results. Example 3
- Example 1 In Example 1, except that the yellow pigment C.I. Pigment Red 1222 (made by Clariant Tone) was used instead of the cyan pigment CI Pigment Blue 15: 3 (made by Clariant) in Example 1.
- a toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Here, the volume average particle diameter of the obtained colored polymer particles was 6.7 ⁇ .
- the obtained toner was subjected to the test described above. Table 1 shows the polymerization recipe and composition, and Table 3 shows the test results.
- Example 1 carbon black (trade name “# 25 ⁇ ”, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) was used in place of the cyan pigment CI Pigment Blue 15: 3 (manufactured by Clariant) as the colorant.
- a toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that. Here, the volume average particle diameter of the obtained colored polymer particles was 0.0 ⁇ m. The obtained toner was subjected to the above-described test. Table 1 shows the polymerization recipe and composition, and Table 3 shows the test results. Comparative Example 1
- an aqueous solution in which 6.6 parts of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in 50 parts of ion-exchanged water was gradually added under stirring of an aqueous solution in which 10.8 parts of magnesium chloride was dissolved in 25 parts of ion-exchanged water.
- an aqueous medium containing magnesium hydroxide colloid was prepared.
- the polymerizable monomer composition is put into an aqueous medium containing the above magnesium hydroxide colloid, stirred, and 1 part of triisobutyl mercaptan (manufactured by Bayer), tetraethylthiuram disulfide (Ouchi) Shinsei Co., Ltd. (1 part) and t-butyl peroxy 1-ethylhexanote (Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd., trade name “Perbutyl 0”, 5 parts) were added.
- Silica-coated metal oxide particles manufactured by Fuji Dyestuff Co., Ltd.
- silica-coated metal oxide particles with 100 parts of the colored polymer particles obtained as described above having a primary particle number average particle size of 90 nm, a core made of alumina, and a shell made of silica.
- a l 2 0 3 -SDS) 0.5 part, number of primary particles 0.5 part of silica with an average particle size of 12 nm, and silica with number average particle size of primary particles of 40 nm 2.0 parts was added and mixed for 10 minutes at 1,400 rpm using a Henschel mixer to obtain a toner.
- the obtained toner was subjected to the test described above.
- Table 2 shows the polymerization recipe and composition
- Table 3 shows the test results. Comparative Example 2
- Ion-exchanged water 3 Add 50 parts of 0.1M—Na 3 P0 4 aqueous solution 22 parts, heat to 60 ° C, and gradually add 1.0M—C a C l 2 3 3 g Thus, an aqueous medium containing C a (P 0 4 ) 2 was obtained.
- the polymerizable monomer composition is charged into the aqueous medium, and stirred at 10,000 rpm for 20 minutes with a TK homomixer at 60 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the composition was granulated. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 60 ° C. and reacted for 0.5 hour. The polymerization conversion rate at this point was 65%. Thereafter, the reflux of water vapor was stopped, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C., and stirring was continued for 10 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled, hydrochloric acid was added and Ca 3 (POJ 2 was melted, filtered, washed and dried to obtain colored polymer particles having a weight average particle size of 8.2 ⁇ m. .
- the BET specific surface area is 20 Om 2 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the obtained colored polymer particles.
- / g hydrophobic silica (treated with silane coupling agent) 0.7 part by weight was added and mixed for 10 minutes at 1,400 rpm using a Henschel mixer to obtain a toner.
- the obtained toner was subjected to the test described above.
- Table 2 shows the polymerization recipe and composition, and Table 3 shows the test results. Comparative Example 3
- melt-kneaded product is roughly crushed by a hammer mill, a mechanical crusher is used to form a powder frame up to a volume average particle size of 20 to 30 / zm. Furthermore, collision between particles in a swirling flow is used.
- the pulverization was performed with a jet mill.
- the melted and kneaded material that has been pulverized is reformed by a thermal and mechanical shearing force in a surface reformer, and classified by a multi-stage split classifier, and a colored polymer having an average particle size of 6.9 mm Particles were obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 the temperature of the aqueous dispersion of the polymerizable monomer composition was raised to 90 ° C., and then the droplet ovalization treatment was performed using the in-line type emulsifying disperser in the same manner as in Example 1. And After drying the colored polymer particles, the colored polymer particles are placed on a corona discharge static eliminator (manufactured by Keyence Corporation, product name “ S J—F 100/010”) with a thickness of about 5 mm. A toner was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the treatment was performed for 1 minute and the corona discharge was removed. The obtained toner was subjected to the test described above. Table 2 shows the polymerization recipe and composition, and Table 3 shows the test results. Comparative Example 5
- Comparative Example 2 a toner was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, except that the washing with methanol performed in Example 1 was performed. The obtained toner was subjected to the test described above.
- Table 2 shows the polymerization formulation and composition, and Table 3 shows the test results. table 1
- Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Binder resin composition (parts)
- CB Carbon Black
- CCR— 1 Charge Control Resin 1 prepared in Production Example 1
- DPEH 1 ⁇ [ Dipentaerythritol Hexamyristate
- MMA Methyl Metata Relay
- MCM Polymethacrylolate macromonomer
- PHCB Phthalocyanine blue
- CCR—2 Charge control resin (product name “FCA6 26 N” manufactured by Fujikura Kasei Co., Ltd.)
- CCA Charge control agent Chromium salicylate compound).
- N / N initial print density 1.34 1.38 1.32 1.39 1.22 1.10 1.11 1.22 1.15
- the present invention it is possible to provide a toner that is very easy to clean when performing durable printing, and is excellent in environmental stability and printing durability.
- the toner manufactured according to the present invention can be used as a developer for copying machines, facsimiles, printers and the like by electrophotography.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2006531666A JPWO2006014007A1 (ja) | 2004-08-03 | 2005-08-03 | 静電荷像現像用現像剤及びその製造方法 |
US11/659,092 US20080299475A1 (en) | 2004-08-03 | 2005-08-03 | Developer for Development of Electrostatic Image and Production Process Thereof |
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JP2004226333 | 2004-08-03 | ||
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US (1) | US20080299475A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2006014007A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8114562B2 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2012-02-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Two-component developer, replenishing developer, and image-forming method |
JP2020101693A (ja) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-07-02 | キヤノン株式会社 | クリーニング装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20090053639A1 (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2009-02-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Developing agent |
CN102047186B (zh) * | 2008-05-28 | 2013-07-31 | 佳能株式会社 | 调色剂 |
KR101450103B1 (ko) * | 2008-06-24 | 2014-10-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 칼라 토너 및 그 제조 방법 |
JP4582227B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-11-17 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 静電荷像現像用トナー、静電荷像現像用トナーの製造方法、静電荷像現像剤、画像形成方法及び画像形成装置 |
US8669036B2 (en) * | 2010-10-05 | 2014-03-11 | Toshiba Tec Kabushiki Kaisha | Producing method of toner |
US9134640B2 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2015-09-15 | Xerox Corporation | Clear styrene emulsion/aggregation toner |
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JPH06282110A (ja) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-07 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | トナーの製造方法及びこれにより製造されるトナー |
JPH1010870A (ja) * | 1996-06-20 | 1998-01-16 | Minolta Co Ltd | 画像形成方法 |
JPH10232509A (ja) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-09-02 | Canon Inc | 静電荷像現像用トナー及びその製造方法 |
JPH11288129A (ja) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-19 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | コア・シェル構造トナー及びその製造方法 |
JP2000056518A (ja) * | 1998-08-10 | 2000-02-25 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | トナー |
WO2000013063A1 (fr) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-03-09 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Revelateur monocomposant non magnetique et procede de developpement |
JP2004109716A (ja) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-08 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | トナー |
-
2005
- 2005-08-03 WO PCT/JP2005/014603 patent/WO2006014007A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-08-03 JP JP2006531666A patent/JPWO2006014007A1/ja active Pending
- 2005-08-03 US US11/659,092 patent/US20080299475A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-03 CN CNA2005800264329A patent/CN1993653A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH06282110A (ja) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-07 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | トナーの製造方法及びこれにより製造されるトナー |
JPH1010870A (ja) * | 1996-06-20 | 1998-01-16 | Minolta Co Ltd | 画像形成方法 |
JPH10232509A (ja) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-09-02 | Canon Inc | 静電荷像現像用トナー及びその製造方法 |
JPH11288129A (ja) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-19 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | コア・シェル構造トナー及びその製造方法 |
JP2000056518A (ja) * | 1998-08-10 | 2000-02-25 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | トナー |
WO2000013063A1 (fr) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-03-09 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Revelateur monocomposant non magnetique et procede de developpement |
JP2004109716A (ja) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-08 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | トナー |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8114562B2 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2012-02-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Two-component developer, replenishing developer, and image-forming method |
JP2020101693A (ja) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-07-02 | キヤノン株式会社 | クリーニング装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
JP7183030B2 (ja) | 2018-12-21 | 2022-12-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | クリーニング装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
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US20080299475A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
JPWO2006014007A1 (ja) | 2008-05-01 |
CN1993653A (zh) | 2007-07-04 |
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