WO2004073226A1 - 送信装置及び無線通信方法 - Google Patents
送信装置及び無線通信方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004073226A1 WO2004073226A1 PCT/JP2004/001449 JP2004001449W WO2004073226A1 WO 2004073226 A1 WO2004073226 A1 WO 2004073226A1 JP 2004001449 W JP2004001449 W JP 2004001449W WO 2004073226 A1 WO2004073226 A1 WO 2004073226A1
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- base station
- communication terminal
- vector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
- H04L27/20—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
- H04L25/0242—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms using matrix methods
- H04L25/0248—Eigen-space methods
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03343—Arrangements at the transmitter end
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transmitting apparatus and a wireless communication method for transmitting information of which secrecy is required between specific wireless stations via a wireless channel.
- the information is encrypted to prevent the third party from knowing the contents of the information even if the communication data is intercepted by the third party.
- Encryption is studied in various fields and applied in various fields. This is because encryption has the advantage of ensuring a certain level of security without changing the communication system.
- some wireless stations share a secret key for data encryption based on a propagation channel with unique characteristics, so that third-party eavesdropping can be prevented (for example, Horike) Motoki, 3 out, "The secret key sharing method based on the random variation of the land mobile communication channel", The IEICE Technical Report, RCS 2 0 0 2-1 7 3, 2 0 0 2 1) .
- these wireless transmission methods that take advantage of the randomness of the wireless transmission channel, by increasing the probability of occurrence of an error in the transmission channel when a third party intercepts the communication, communication characteristics that require confidentiality are required. It can prevent being intercepted. Therefore, it is possible to communicate with higher security by combining it with the key encryption technology of commonly used information sources.
- the propagation channel characteristics between two wireless stations are characterized by the spatial location of the wireless stations.
- Parameters representing propagation channel characteristics include amplitude and phase, direction and delay time of incoming waves, and polarization. If the propagation channel between specific radio stations can be uniquely characterized using these parameters, highly confidential communication can be realized by considering the propagation parameters. Furthermore, if the number of parameters is increased and the characteristics of the propagation channel are expressed by multidimensional parameters, this uniqueness is considered to be further strengthened.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a transmitting device and a wireless communication method capable of preventing third leakage of data requiring secrecy in a communication path without performing processing.
- a wireless communication method according to the present invention uses a vector space that characterizes a propagation channel between wireless stations when a wireless station having a fare antenna transmits data to a specific wireless station that it wants to communicate by wireless. A plurality of data are simultaneously transmitted by vector multiplexing in addition to the data to be notified.
- the desired data sequence to be notified is received by the array antenna gain with a certain channel quality secured, and it is a third party.
- a plurality of data should be received simultaneously.
- other wireless stations that are third parties receive a signal that includes multiple data to be an interference signal component, that is, SI NR (Signal to Signal and Noise Ratio) is degraded.
- SI NR Signal to Signal and Noise Ratio
- a transmitter is a transmitter for transmitting an information symbol sequence from a first radio station having an array antenna of M (M> 1) elements to a second radio station,
- Vector multiplexing means for generating N vector multiplexed symbol sequences multiplexed by multiplying the plurality of N-dimensional vectors with a plurality of symbol sequences including an information symbol sequence;
- the vector control unit is configured to receive only a specific sympol sequence among the plurality of sympol sequences at the second radio station, and to set the other sympol sequences to be canceled. From array antenna It is obtained by characterized by Shin.
- the transmitting apparatus further comprises: a propagation channel analysis means for generating a propagation channel matrix as the propagation parameter; and the vector control means may perform singular value decomposition on the propagation channel matrix. It is characterized by generating multiple N-dimensional vectors obtained by
- the transmitter according to the present invention further includes propagation channel analysis means for generating a propagation channel matrix as the propagation parameter, and the vector control means performs an eigenvalue decomposition of the correlation matrix of the propagation channel matrix. It is characterized by generating multiple N-dimensional vectors obtained by
- the communication terminal may also generate reference symbol generation means for generating a known reference symbol, and information on the propagation parameter transmitted from the communication terminal may be received, And information on the propagation parameter is generated from the propagation parameter determined by the communication terminal from the reference symbol transmitted from the base station. Characterized by being It is.
- a transmitting apparatus is characterized in that a part or all of the plurality of sympol sequences are symbol mapped by different modulation schemes.
- the transmitting device is characterized in that part or all of the plurality of symbol sequences are code-spread by mutually different code sequences.
- the code sequence can be easily changed, it is assumed that the propagation channel has high correlation characteristics with respect to the propagation channel between the first wireless station and another wireless station. Even if there is a road condition, the information symbol sequence can be controlled so as not to be demodulated in the other radio station by appropriately changing the code sequence used for the information symbol sequence.
- the communication terminal transmits a signal from the reference symbol with which the base station is known to the base station having the M array antenna. Transmitting a reference signal, and the base station calculates propagation parameters between the communication terminal and the base station from the received M reference symbols, and uses the calculated parameters to generate a plurality of N-dimensional signals.
- the base station receives only the information symbol sequence to be notified at the communication terminal with respect to a plurality of symbol sequences including the information symbol sequence to be notified, and the other information symbol sequences are Multiplying the plurality of N-dimensional vectors set to be canceled to generate multiplexed N vector multiplex sympol sequences; and transmitting the vector multiplex symbols to the communication terminal from the base station. And transmitting the sequence.
- the base station analyzes the propagation parameters that characterize the propagation channel using the reference signal transmitted from the communication terminal, and the vector multiplexing is obtained by vector multiplexing processing based on the analysis result. Since a specific symbol sequence is transmitted toward the communication terminal using a symbol sequence, it is difficult for the other radio station to recover the information symbol sequence in the mobile communication system in which the characteristics of the propagation channel change. As a result, it is possible to prevent information leakage and secure communication security.
- a base station having an array antenna of M elements transmits, to a communication terminal, a reference signal comprising a reference symbol whose communication terminal is known;
- the second radio station feeds back the analysis result of the propagation parameter characterizing the propagation channel to the first radio station, the case where the propagation channel becomes asymmetry in transmission and reception as a case For example, even in wireless communication systems that use different frequencies for transmission and reception, communication can be ensured with high security.
- the wireless communication method As described above, according to the wireless communication method according to the present invention, among the specific wireless stations, only a desired data sequence is transmitted with securing a certain channel quality, and the third party other wireless station In addition to the desired data sequence, multiple data sequences are superimposed and simultaneously received. This makes it possible to prevent a third party from receiving a data sequence requiring secrecy in the communication path, thereby ensuring a high degree of security in the wireless communication path.
- transmission data sequences from other wireless stations that may cause interference are separated from desired data sequences. It will be able to transmit and receive, and can improve the anti-interference performance in wireless communication systems that allow multiple users to access.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a wireless communication system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the feature of the radio communication system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a base station according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a communication terminal according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a transmission frame configuration of a reference symbol according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of multi-symbol generation means according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a frame structure of communication according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a frame structure of communication according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIGS. 9 (a) to 9 (c) are diagrams showing received signal waveforms according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a leakage rate of the communication data according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a communication procedure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a base station according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Figure 1 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a communication terminal according to a second embodiment of the present invention t
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a frame structure of communication according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a frame structure of communication according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a frame structure of communication according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a communication procedure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a wireless communication system 100 according to the present invention.
- a wireless communication system 100 is composed of a base station 101, a communication terminal 102, and a propagation channel 130 between the base station 101 and the communication terminal 102. Ru.
- base station 101 is a base station transmission / reception unit
- the communication terminal 102 has a terminal antenna 106 and a terminal transmitting / receiving unit 107.
- the K data sequences D 1 to D K transmitted from the base station 101 are converted from the base station array antenna 1 0 5 as vectorized signals X 1 to X K of the data sequence D 1 to DK. Sent to the server.
- FIG. 2 shows the operation principle of a system for achieving security of transmission data in the wireless communication system 100.
- the base station 1 0 1 transmits the vectorized signals X 1 to x K to the communication terminal 1 0 2 2 via the propagation channel 1 0 3 but the non-communication terminal 2 0 0 Is a target for which it is desired to prevent the leakage of data from the base station 101, and the spatial position with respect to the base station is different from that of the communication terminal 102.
- propagation channel 201 indicates a propagation channel between base station 101 and a non-communication terminal.
- wireless communication system 100 In wireless communication system 100 according to the present embodiment, base station 101 vector-multiplexes data sequence D1 to DK from base station array antenna 105 based on propagation channel 103 and simultaneously operates. Send.
- this vector-multiplexed transmission signal is transmitted to the communication terminal 1 0 2 via the propagation channel 1 0 3, the communication terminal 1 0 2 generates a vectorized signal of the data sequence D 1: 1
- the non-communication terminal 200 can In addition to the vectorized signal X1 of the overnight line D1, part or all of the vectorized signals X2 to xK of the delayed line D2 to DK are simultaneously received. Since this shows that the propagation channel 201 has almost no correlation with the propagation channel 103, the communication terminal 102 is controlled so that X 1 is in advance correlated with the propagation channel 103 in advance.
- the vectorized signal X1 can be more vectorized than the vectorized signal X1.
- the correlation between 2-X ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and the propagation channel 201 is controlled to be statistically high. Therefore, when the base station wants to transmit information on data sequence D 1 to communication terminal 102, if information different from data sequence D 1 is given to data sequence D 2 to DK in advance, non-communication terminal 2 At 0 0, it becomes difficult to receive only the data sequence D 1 and restore its information.
- base station 101 transmits a plurality of data sequences by vector multiplexing to prevent information leakage for non-communication terminal 200, and base station 101 and communication terminal 1 0 2
- a wireless communication system 100 capable of securing security of communication in a wireless channel between the above and will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 to 11.
- FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the base station transmitting / receiving unit 104 and the base station array antenna 105 in the base station 101.
- base station transmitter-receiver unit 104 includes multisymbol generation unit 300, vector multiplexing unit 301, base station RF unit 302, propagation channel analysis unit 300, transmission vector control unit 320 4 and array combining receiving means 3 0 5.
- the base station array antenna 1 0 5 is configured by a single antenna element A 1 to AM.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the terminal transmission / reception unit 1 0 7 in the communication terminals 1 0 2 and 2 0 0.
- the terminal transmission / reception unit 1 0 7 is configured by: reference symbol generation means 4 0 0; symbol generation means 4 0 1; terminal RF unit 4 0 2; and decoding means 4 0 3
- reference signal X 0 is transmitted from communication terminal 102 via terminal antenna 106.
- This reference signal X 0 is received at base station 1 0 1 to analyze propagation channel 1 0 3 and is shared in advance between base station 1 0 1 and communication terminal 1 0 2 Contains a reference signal.
- reference symbol generation means 4 0 0 generates a specific reference symbol R 0 predetermined between base station 1 0 1 and communication terminal 1 0 2 and sends it to symbol generation section 4 0 1 Do.
- the symbol generation means 4 0 1 includes a reference symbol R 0 received, a pilot symbol P 0 shown in FIG. 5 if necessary, a 7-dress symbol A 0, and a data sequence D 0 mapped to a symbol based on a modulation scheme. It constructs a transmission frame 5 0 0 with frame check symbol FC 0 added, and outputs it as a symbol sequence S 0 to the terminal RF unit 4 0 2.
- Terminal RF section 402 converts the symbol sequence S 0 into a signal in the radio frequency band, and transmits it as a reference signal X 0 from the terminal antenna 1 0 6 to the base station 1 0 1.
- the reference symbol R 0 when receiving, the reference symbol R 0 is mainly used as a reference symbol, the pilot symbol P 0 is used as frame synchronization establishment, and the address symbol A 0 is used as a terminal authentication. C 0 is used for bit error detection at reception. Also, the symbol mapped data series D 0 shall be inserted as needed at the time of transmission. However, when the sympol sequence S 0 is used only for the purpose of analysis of the propagation channel 103, only the reference sympol R 0 may be transmitted.
- the base station 101 estimates the direction and polarization of the incoming wave from the reception signals of the respective antenna elements A 1 to AM in the base station array antenna 105, and based on the result, the propagation channel 1 0 3 It is not necessary to transmit the reference symbol R 0 from the communication terminal 102 when calculating Next, the reception operation of the base station 101 will be described below using FIG. In FIG. 3, the reference signal X 0 transmitted from the terminal antenna 1 0 6 is received by the base station array antenna 1 0 5 via the propagation channel 1 0 3. Received signals from each antenna element A 1 to AM of base station antenna 1 0 5 are converted to a reception signal sequence Y 1 to Y M which is a baseband signal in base station RF unit 302, and then propagated.
- Channel analysis means 3 0 3 is output.
- the propagation channel analysis means 3 0 3 takes this received symbol sequence Y 1 to Y M as input, and generates a propagation channel matrix H as a propagation parameter characterizing the propagation channel 1 0 3.
- the elements constituting the propagation channel matrix H are complex channel coefficients h 1 to h M calculated from the amplitude and phase of the reference symbol R 0 component contained in the reception symbol sequence Y 1 to YM, and the propagation channel matrix H Is written as (Expression 1).
- vector control means 304 receives the propagation channel matrix H as input, and carries out the vector space V at the time of transmission and the vector at the time of reception by singular value decomposition or eigenvalue decomposition of the propagation channel matrix H. Create a space V '.
- vector vector space Space V ' is assumed to be composed of matrix space consisting of L (L L M) column vectors with M rows (M dimension) as shown in (Equation 3).
- T represents the effect of transposing on a matrix
- H U ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ V s 11 (4)
- ⁇ is a 1-by-M matrix having singular values of H as matrix elements
- V s is M-row (M It is a vector space composed of M mutually orthogonal column vectors vsl to vs M in dimension), and can be expressed as (Eq. 5) to (7) respectively.
- V s H indicates a matrix with the complex conjugate transpose of the matrix V s. Furthermore, since H is a 1-by-M matrix, only one singular value is obtained, which is 6 here.
- the vector control means 304 first calculates the correlation matrix R of the propagation channel matrix H of (Eq. 1) using (Eq. 8).
- V e ⁇ V V e (9)
- V e is an vector space constituted by M mutually orthogonal column vectors V e 1 to V e M with M rows (M dimensions) Is a matrix of ⁇ rows ⁇ columns in which the value obtained by squaring each element of ⁇ described above is in the diagonal term and all other elements are 0.
- the vector control means 304 selects K column vectors from the M column vectors constituting V s obtained by the singular value decomposition or V e obtained by the eigenvalue decomposition, and transmits them at the time of transmission. It is output as vector space V, and L column vectors are selected and output as vector space V 'at reception.
- the multi symbol generation means 300 of the base station transmission / reception unit 104 is composed of K encoding means 6 0 0 1 to 6 0 0 ⁇ K and a frame generation means 6 0 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 6 0 1-It consists of ⁇ .
- the coding means 600 to 1 ⁇ 0 to 6 ⁇ take the data series D 1 to DK as input, and execute sympol mapping processing on the complex plane according to the modulation scheme.
- the frame generation means 601, 1 to 6 0 1 _ K is a symbol sequence D 1 to D k which has been symbol mapped as shown in FIG.
- a transmission frame 7 0 0 1 to 7 0 0 ⁇ is generated by adding an address FC 1 to FCK, and is output to the vector multiplexing means.
- the vector multiplexing means 3 0 1 receives the symbol sequence S 1 to SK consisting of this transmission frame 7 0 0 1 to 7 0 0 1 as an input, and generates the vector v l generated by the vector control means 3 04. Using vector space V composed of ⁇ vK, vector multiplexing processing as shown in (Eq. 10) is performed to generate vector multiplexed symbol sequence X 1 to ⁇ .
- This vector multiplexed symbol sequence X 1 to X ⁇ is a vector of vector multiplexing as shown in FIG. Transmitted frames 800-1 through 800- ⁇ , each of which is transmitted in association with the antenna elements A1 through AM constituting the base station array antenna 105. .
- Base station RF section 302 converts .. vector multiplexed sympol sequences X 1 to XM into signals in the radio frequency band, and the converted transmission signals are antenna elements constituting base station array antenna 1 0 5 ⁇ AM sent to communication terminal 1 02.
- the terminal RF unit 402 converts the received signal of the terminal antenna 106 into a reception symbol sequence Y 0 which is a baseband signal, and the decoding means 40 Output to 3 Decoding means 40 3 assumes that the transmission frame 700-1 has been received, and the reception symbol sequence Inputs Y 0, performs frame synchronization, authentication of information source, demodulation of data sequence D 1 based on modulation scheme, and frame error check, and restores data sequence D 1 as received data sequence Output.
- ⁇ ⁇ 1 be a received symbol sequence which is a received signal of non-communication terminal 200
- ⁇ 1 be a propagation channel matrix characterizing between base station 1 0 1 and non-communication terminal 2 0 0.
- Reception symbol sequences ⁇ 0 and ⁇ 1 which are received signals of communication terminal 102 can be expressed by the following equations.
- X [S 1 S 2 ⁇ S]] ⁇ V
- ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ (V S 1 + V 2-S 2 + + V ⁇ ⁇ S ⁇ ) + ⁇ 0
- SINR 0 ⁇ ⁇ S 1 + N 0 (16)
- SINR 0 SINR 0
- SINR 0 ((5 ⁇ S 1) 2 ⁇ ⁇ 1 (1 7) From this, it is shown that SINR 0 can be set to an appropriate value by controlling the transmission power for S 1, that is, the norm of V 1.
- S I N R 1 can be expressed as the following equation.
- SINR 1 (r 1 ⁇ S 1) / ⁇ (r 2 ⁇ S 2) 2 + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (r ⁇ ⁇ SK) 2 + P n 1 ⁇ (2 1)
- the distance between terminals is It is generally known that if the carrier frequency is separated by about the wavelength, it will be close to no correlation of the propagation channel.
- propagation channels observed between terminals can be approximated to be uncorrelated with each other. it can.
- the vectors V2 to vK orthogonal to the propagation channel matrix H are correlated with the propagation channel matrix ⁇ 1. In other words, from a point of view, because
- the probability that the non-communication terminal 200 can demodulate the sympol sequence S 1 without error and restore the data sequence D 1 becomes lower than that of the communication terminal 102.
- the vector control means 304 has described the case of calculating the vector space V or V ′ obtained by singular value decomposition or eigenvalue decomposition of the propagation channel matrix ⁇ of the matrix ⁇ .
- this is merely an example of a process for obtaining V 2 ⁇ ⁇ that has a low correlation with the row vector V 1 constituting the vector space V. That is, vector control means 3 0 4 calculates vector space V such that column vector V 2 to VM becomes linearly independent with respect to column vector V 1 from propagation channel matrix H, or Since the vector space may be calculated such that the column vectors V2 to VM are orthogonal to the column vector V1, the calculation method is not limited.
- Figures 9 (a) to (c) show base station 100, communication terminal 102 and non-communication. The simulation analysis result in the case where the communication terminal 200 exists is shown.
- Fig. 9 (a) shows the signal waveform of data sequence D 1 generated at base station 101
- Fig. 9 (b) shows the signal of the received data sequence obtained as a demodulation result at communication terminal 102.
- FIG. 9 (c) ' is a signal waveform of the received data sequence obtained as a result of demodulation in the non-communication terminal 20 0.
- the number of antenna elements constituting the base station array antenna 105 is M
- the number of data of the data series D1 is 100
- the vector multiplexing from base station 101 The number of data sequences to be converted and transmitted is eight, which is the same as the number of antenna elements
- h 1 to h 8 which are elements of the propagation channel matrix H are generated using (Equation 22) according to the Rayleigh probability distribution.
- hm N (0, 1/2) + j * N (0, 1/2)
- m 1, ..., 8
- ⁇ (0, 1/2) is a function that generates random numbers according to a normal probability distribution with an average of 0 and a standard deviation of 1/2.
- sympol sequences S1 to S8 with respect to delay sequences D1 to D8 use vectors v1 to v8.
- Vector multiplex transmission is performed.
- the vectors V1 to V8 are calculated from the propagation channel matrix H indicating the characteristics of the propagation channel 1 0 3 between the base station 1 0 1 and the communication terminal 1 0 2 and are orthogonal to each other, and only the vector v 1 is a propagation channel. It has the feature of having high correlation with the matrix H. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 9 (b), the data series D 1 vectorized by the vector V 1 is correctly demodulated at the communication terminal 102.
- the propagation channel 2 0 1 between the non-communication terminal 2 0 0 and the base station 1 0 1 also has correlation with the vectors V 2 to V 8
- the sympole sequence for the data sequence D 1 At the same time as the S 1 symbol sequences S 2 to SK are also received. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 9 (c), it is difficult for the non-communication terminal 200 to detect the data sequence D 1 and to restore it correctly, so it should be transmitted to the communication terminal 102. It is possible to prevent leakage to the non-communication terminal 200 of the data series D1.
- the propagation channel matrix H is generated using (Expression 2 2) based on the Rayleigh probability distribution in the same manner as in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the number of antenna elements M of the base station antenna 105 and the vertical axis represents the leakage rate over time.
- the leakage rate Z is defined by the number L of times the data is considered to have leaked when the propagation channel matrix H for the propagation channel 2 0 1 is updated N times .. (Expression 2 3) .
- the non-communication terminal 200 when the data sequence D 1 of 1 2 8 data is demodulated without error, it is considered that the data is leaked.
- the wireless communication system 100 when used in a mobile communication system such as a cellular phone or WLAN, the characteristics of the propagation channel 103 fluctuate with time as the communication terminal moves. Even if communication data for the communication terminal 102 can be received within a certain time at a certain location, it is very difficult to continue to receive communication data continuously.
- the encoding means 600-1 to 600-K are assumed to perform symbol mapping processing for the data series D1 to DK using the same modulation method.
- the symbol mapping process may be performed on different sequences D 1 to DK using different modulation schemes to generate a plurality of symbol sequences S 1 to SK having different symbol information.
- code spreading processing using different code sequences on data sequences D 1 to DK in encoding means 600-1 to 600-K, a plurality of different symbol information can be obtained.
- the symbol sequences S1 to SK may be generated.
- the decoding means 4 0 3 in the communication terminal 102 analyzes its modulation scheme and spreading code from the reception symbol sequence Y 0. It is possible to perform demodulation processing in the communication terminal 102 by estimating or sharing the modulation scheme and spreading code in advance. Also, decoding means 4 0 3 can estimate the modulation scheme and spreading code. By changing the modulation scheme and the spreading code with the passage of time in the base station 101, the number of antenna elements of the base station array antenna 105 can be increased without increasing the number M of antenna elements. It is possible to reduce the data leakage rate to 0 0.
- the process when the base station 101 receives the data sequence D 0 transmitted from the communication terminal 102 is as follows.
- array combining receiving means 305 receives using reception equation (2 4) with reception symbol sequence Y 1 to Y ⁇ and vector space V ′ calculated in vector control means 304 as inputs.
- the vector space V ′ is weighted and combined with the symbol sequence ⁇ 1 to ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ to obtain a vector combined signal C 1 to CL.
- the vector space and the row vector of V s or V e described above are selected and used.
- the vector composite signal C 1 obtained by (Equation 2 4) is a received signal obtained by combining the reference signal X 0 transmitted from the communication terminal 1 0 2 with the directivity of the base station array antenna 1 0 5 .
- the vector composite signal C2 to CM may include an interference signal component from the non-communication terminal 200, and the vector composite signal C1 and the vector composite signal C2 to CM The desired signal power to interference signal power ratio can be estimated from the signal power.
- processing of frame synchronization, terminal authentication, demodulation based on the modulation scheme of data sequence D 0, and frame error check on this vector combined signal C 1 is performed. Execute and restore data sequence D 0 and receive Output as a data series.
- the propagation channel analysis means 3 0 3 receives the reception symbol sequence Y 1 to Y M as input, and R 0, which is the complex conjugate value of the reference symbol R 0 as a reference signal, and the correlation vector r of Y 1 to Y M Is generated according to (Eq. 25),... (Eq. 8), the correlation matrix R of the propagation channel matrix H is obtained, and is output to the vector control means 304.
- r [Y 1 Y 2 ⁇ Y M] T XR 0 ′ (25)
- vector control means 3 04 uses correlation vector r and correlation matrix R to obtain vector V 1 ( Calculated using Equation 2 6) and update the value using the steepest descent method etc.
- V r R- 1 ⁇ r (2 6) where R 1 represents the inverse matrix of R. Then, in this case, the reception unit 305 receives the reception symbol sequence Y1 to YM and the vector Vr. Then, vector composite signal C 1 is generated by weighted combination processing of vr with respect to Y 1 to YM using (Expression 27).
- a wireless communication system having a base station 1 0 1 and a communication terminal 1 0 2 configured and operating as described above The flow from establishment of radio channel synchronization to completion of data transmission in 0 0 0 This will be described using FIG.
- Both the base station 1 0 1 and the communication terminal 1 0 2 are set to the initial state immediately after the power is turned on .. or when a specific signal is received. At the same time, conditions such as frequency and time synchronization are set up according to a predetermined procedure (step S 1 1 0 1)
- the base station 101 After a predetermined time after these initial operations have been completed, the base station 101 transmits control information on the control signal every predetermined time (step S 110 2).
- step S 1 1 0 1 the communication terminal 102 starts searching for control signals.
- the communication terminal receives the control signal transmitted from the base station, the communication terminal detects its time and frequency, and synchronizes with the time and frequency owned by the system (hereinafter referred to as “system synchronization”). Say. ) (Step S 1 1 0 2).
- system synchronization ends normally, the communication terminal transmits a registration request signal to notify the base station of its existence (step S 1 1 0 3).
- the base station 101 transmits the registration permission signal to permit registration of the terminal (step S1104).
- communication terminal 102 outputs reference signal X 0 including reference symbol R 0 for analyzing propagation channel 1 0 3 at base station 1 0 1 (step S 1 1 0 5 ).
- reference symbol generation means 400 of communication terminal 102 generates a predetermined reference symbol R0 which is determined in advance, and configures transmission frame F0 and outputs it as symbol sequence S0.
- Terminal RF section 400 converts symbol sequence S 0 into a signal in the radio frequency band, and transmits it as reference signal X 0 from terminal antenna 1 0 6 (step S 1 1 0 5)
- step S 1 1 0 5 In base station 1 0 1 .. waiting for reference signal X 0 to be received by base station array antenna 1 0 5 from communication terminal 1 0 2 through propagation channel 1 0 3 (step S 1 1 0 5), At the base station RF unit 302, the reception signals of the antenna elements A1 to AM are converted into reception symbol sequences Y1 to YM, which are baseband signals.
- the propagation channel analysis means 3 0 3 takes the reception symbol sequence Y 1 to Y M as input, and generates a propagation channel matrix H as a propagation parameter characterizing the propagation channel 1 0 3.
- vector control means 304 calculates a vector space V of H, and generates a column vector V :! to V K constituting this vector space V.
- Process 2 Transmission of vectorized signal by base station 1 0 1
- the base station 101 transmits the vectorized signals X1 to XK to the communication terminal 102 by using the base station array antenna 105 (step S1106).
- data series D1 to DK are input, and multisimport generation means 300 executes sympol mapping processing on the complex plane according to the modulation scheme, and transmits frames 700 to 1 7 0 Construct 0—K and output as Sympol series S 1 to SK.
- Vector multiplexing means 301 receives symbol sequence S 1 to SK and executes vector multiplexing processing using vector V 1 to ⁇ and vector multiplexed symbol sequence X 1 to ⁇ . Generate a trap.
- Each of the vector multiplexed symbol sequences X 1 to X is transmitted in association with the antenna elements A 1 to AM constituting the base station antenna 105.
- Base station RF section 302 converts this vector-multiplexed symbol sequence X 1 to XM into signals in the radio frequency band, and transmits them from base station array antenna 1 0 5 as vectorized signals X 1 to XK. .
- the propagation channel is analyzed by transmitting the reference signal in processing 1, this is because, in general, using a known signal makes it possible to estimate the propagation parameter with high accuracy, and analysis of the propagation channel is It is possible without using a reference signal.
- the propagation parameter can be estimated using the control signal performed in process 0, the registration request signal, the registration permission signal, and the like.
- the present invention relates to propagation between a specific communication terminal 102 and a base station 101.
- problems may occur when movement of a base station or communication terminal occurs.
- it is possible to avoid this problem by repeatedly transmitting and receiving reference signals after moving as shown in step S 1 1 0 7 and step S 1 1 0 8 shown in FIG. It is.
- the wireless communication method of the present invention by controlling the SINR of the propagation channel that determines the error rate characteristic of the wireless transmission channel, reception of a certain level or more between specific wireless stations performing mutual decentralized transmission is achieved.
- the transmitter according to the present invention causes degradation of SINR for communication terminals when estimation accuracy of propagation channel matrix H is degraded, it changes the stochastic distribution characteristic of SINR for non-communication terminals. is not.
- the present invention In addition to ensuring data transfer portability, the transmitter can prevent data leakage in the physical layer of communication, and as a result can ensure high security.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of base station 101, and differs from Embodiment 1 in that it has reference symbol generation means 1200, and propagation channel information reception means 1201.
- This reference symbol generation means 1 200 includes a reference signal shared in advance between the base station 1 0 1 and the communication terminal 1 0 2 and generates a reference symbol for calculating a propagation parameter.
- the propagation channel information reception means 1 200 1 receives the reception sequence from the base station RF unit 302, and performs frame synchronization, authentication of the information source, demodulation of the propagation channel information symbol sequence, frame error It executes check processing and generates a propagation channel matrix. .
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration of communication terminal 102, which is different from Embodiment 1 in that it has propagation channel analysis means 1 300 and coding means 1301.
- the propagation channel analysis means 1 3 0 0 generates the propagation channel matrix H as a propagation parameter using the received symbol, and the encoding means 1 3 0 1 wirelessly transmits data of the propagation channel matrix.
- the wireless communication system 100 configured as described above will be described below mainly using FIG. 1, FIG. 12, and FIG. 13 as to differences from the first embodiment. Will be described in detail.
- transmit signals X'1 to X'M including the reference symbol are transmitted from the antenna elements A1 to AM of the base station array antenna 105.
- the transmission signal X ′ 1 to ⁇ ′ ⁇ ⁇ including this reference symbol is received to analyze the propagation channel 103 at the communication terminal 102, and the base station 101 and the communication terminal 1 0 2 And a reference signal shared between them.
- reference symbol generation means 1200 generates specific reference symbols R 1 to R ⁇ ⁇ determined in advance between base station 1 0 1 and communication terminal 1 0 2, and Output to multiplexing means 3 0 1.
- the vector multiplexing means 301 applies the vector multiplexing process to the symbol sequence S 1 to S ⁇ ⁇ by using the vector space V to the vector multiplexed symbol sequence X 1 to X ⁇ , and this reference symbol.
- the reference symbols R 1 to R M are generated from different code sequences in which the reference symbols R 1 to R M are orthogonal to each other or have a low tolerance.
- FIG. 12 reference symbol generation means 1200 generates specific reference symbols R 1 to R ⁇ ⁇ determined in advance between base station 1 0 1 and communication terminal 1 0 2, and Output to multiplexing means 3 0 1.
- the vector multiplexing means 301 applies the vector multiplexing process to the symbol sequence S 1 to
- transmission frames in which different reference symbols R 1 to RM are inserted into vector multiplexing symbol sequences X 1 to XM by vector multiplexing means 301 are shown.
- An example configuration of 0 0 1 M is shown.
- the delay sequences D 1 to D K are inserted as necessary, when the vector multiplexed symbol sequence is used only for the purpose of analysis of the propagation channel 103, the reference symbol R is used. It may be a frame configuration that transmits only 1 to RM.
- An example of the configuration of the memory 1 500: 1 to L 500 _ M is shown. While the transmission frames 1 4 0 1 1 to 1 4 0 0 0-M use reference symbols R 1 to RM generated from different code sequences, the frame configuration shown in FIG. The reference symbol R 1 is inserted at the position shifted in time in the reference symbol, and it is not necessary to generate reference symbols R 1 to RM using the same number of code sequences as the number of antenna elements M.
- the transmission frame 1 4 0 0 1 -M or 1 5 0 0-1 -M is a vector multiplexed sympol sequence composed of vector multiplexing means 3 0 1
- the base station RF unit 302 converts the symbol sequences S 1 to SM into signals in the radio frequency band, and transmits X ′ 1 to X, M including reference symbols R 1 to RM. , M, and is transmitted in association with the antenna elements A 1 to AM constituting the base station array antenna 1 0 5.
- the propagation channel 103 is analyzed based on the signal including the received reference symbol. Thereafter, the communication terminal 102 transmits the result to the base station 101.
- the analysis method and the procedure for feeding back the analysis result to the base station 101 will be described below.
- the transmission signals X ′ 1 to X, M transmitted from the base station array antenna 1 0 5 are propagated via the propagation channel 1 0 3 and combined and received at the receiving end of the terminal antenna 1 0 6.
- Terminal RF section 402 converts this received signal into a received symbol sequence Y ′ 0 which is a baseband signal.
- the propagation channel analysis means 1 300 generates the propagation channel matrix H shown in (Expression 1) as a propagation parameter characterizing the propagation channel 1 0 3 using the reception symbol Y ′ 0.
- the transmission frame generated in vector multiplexing means 3 0 1 of base station 1 0 1 is 1 4 0 0 ⁇ 1 to 1 4 0 0 ⁇ M “When configured with M reference symbols different from one another, the propagation channel analysis means 1 300 in the communication terminal 102 is received using the reference symbols R 1 to RM which are known in advance. The correlation operation processing in which R 1 to RM are separately multiplied is performed on the signal Y ′ 0, and from the amplitude and phase information of the signal obtained therefrom, H 1 to HM which are elements of the propagation channel matrix H are calculated. As a result, the propagation channel coefficients between the antenna elements A1 to AM of the base station antenna 105 and the terminal antenna 106 are associated with H1 to HM, respectively.
- the transmission frame generated in vector multiplexing means 301 of base station 101 is temporally shifted as shown in FIG. 5 as 1 5 0 0 ⁇ 1 to 1 5 0 0 ⁇ M.
- the propagation channel analysis means also in the communication terminal 102 uses the reference symbol which is known in advance and shifts the sampling timing while receiving the reception symbol Y 'Find the 0 amplitude and phase information. In this way, it is possible to calculate each of the elements h 1 to 1 ⁇ constituting the propagation channel matrix H.
- Coding means 1 3 0 1 takes as input the data of the propagation channel matrix ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ generated by propagation channel analysis means 1 3 0 0, executes symbol mapping processing necessary for wireless transmission, and propagates the propagation channel Information Sympol Series Generate sequence C 0.
- the sympol generation means 401 generates a transmission frame 1 6 0 0 in which the propagation channel information sympol sequence C 0 is inserted, and outputs it as a sympol sequence S ′ 0.
- Terminal RF section 402 converts the symbol sequence S ′ 0 into a signal in the radio frequency band, and transmits it as a transmission signal X ′ 0 from terminal antenna 106.
- base station 1 0 1 is based on transmission signal X ′ 0 including propagation channel information.
- the received signal is received by the ground station antenna 105, and the received signal is converted into a received symbol sequence Y, 1 to ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ which is a baseband signal in the base station RF unit 302.
- Propagation channel information reception means 1 2 0 1 receives a part or all of the reception symbol sequence ⁇ 1 to ⁇ ⁇ as input, performs frame synchronization, authentication of information source, demodulation of propagation channel information symbol sequence C 0 And performs a frame error check process and outputs the propagation channel matrix ⁇ .
- the vector control means 3 0 4 uses the propagation channel matrix ⁇ generated by the propagation channel information reception means 1 2 0 1 to transmit and receive data to and from the communication terminal 1 0 2 at the base station 1 0 1 Generate vector space V and vector space V 'for reception.
- the propagation channel analysis means 1 3 0 0 in the communication terminal 1 0 2 feeds back the obtained propagation channel matrix ⁇ to the base station 1 0 1 to obtain the base station 1 0 1
- the information of the propagation channel for the terminal antenna 1 0 6 viewed from the base station array antenna 1 0 5 can be accurately obtained. Therefore, base station 101 calculates vector space using downlink propagation channel matrix ⁇ viewed from base station 101 and performs vector multiplexing transmission, so that the asymmetry between downlink and uplink System performance can be maintained even under conditions that can not be ignored.
- the communication terminal 102 is configured to feed back the propagation channel ⁇ to the base station 101, other propagation parameters and vector space estimated from the propagation channel matrix ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ as feedback information can be obtained. It may be configured to notify etc.
- the propagation channel analysis means 1 300 in FIG. 13 estimates the propagation parameter and vector space using the propagation channel matrix ⁇ , and the result is used as the base station 1 0 1 Feeder Have the ability to
- It has a base station 101 and a communication terminal 102 configured and operated as described above, from the establishment of synchronization of a radio channel in the radio communication system 100 of the present embodiment to completion of data transmission.
- the flow will be described from the viewpoint of the communication procedure with reference to FIG.
- Process 1 0 Base station 1 0 1 and communication terminal 1 0 2 initialization
- This initialization operation is identical to that of the first embodiment.
- Process 1 1 Transmission of reference symbol from base station 1 0 1
- Base station 101 outputs transmission signals X ′ 1 to X ′ M including reference symbols R 1 to RM for analyzing propagation channel 1 0 3 at communication terminal 1 0 2 (step S 1 7 0) 1)
- reference symbol generation means 1 200 generates reference symbol R 1 to RM
- vector multiplexing means 3 0 1 configures a transmission frame in which the reference symbol R 1 to RM is inserted.
- output vector multiplexed sympol sequences X'1 to X'M This vector-multiplexed symbol sequence X'1 to X 'is converted to a radio frequency band signal in base station RF section 302, and transmitted signals X'1 to X including reference symbol R1 to RM. , M are transmitted in association with the antenna elements A 1 to AM constituting the base station array antenna 1 0 5.
- Process 1 2 Transmission of propagation channel information from communication terminal
- Communication terminal 102 transmits signals X '1 to X' transmitted from each antenna element A 1 to AM of base station 1 0 1 and received by terminal antenna 1 0 6 via propagation channel 1 0 3 I'll wait for you.
- the terminal antenna 106 of the communication terminal 102 receives the signal, the received signal is converted into a reception symbol sequence ⁇ , 0, which is a baseband signal, in the terminal RF unit 402.
- Propagation Ji The channel analysis means 1 300 is input with this reception symbol sequence Y '0, and according to the transmission frame configuration, based on the amplitude and phase information of the reference symbol R 1 to RM, a propagation parameter characterizing the propagation channel 1 0 3
- the propagation channel matrix H is generated as evening.
- the data of the propagation channel matrix H is subjected to symbol mapping processing for wireless transmission in the coding means 1 3 0 1 and then a part of a data sequence constituting a transmission frame in the sympol generation means 4 0 1
- the symbol sequence X '0 is generated as inserted.
- This symbol sequence X '0 is output to the terminal RF unit 402, where it is converted to a signal in the radio frequency band, and transmitted from the terminal antenna 1 0 6 to the base station 1 0 1 as the transmission signal X' 0. And sent (step S 1 70 2).
- Process 1 3 Transmission of vectorized signal from base station 1 0 1
- the propagation channel information receiving means 1201 demodulates the X, 0 received signal transmitted from the communication terminal 102, and the propagation parameters that characterize the propagation channel 130 are Generate a propagation channel H.
- vector control means 304 calculates the vector space V of the propagation channel matrix H, and generates the column vectors V 1 to VK constituting this vector space V.
- the multisimport generation means 300 modulates these data sequences D1 to DK.
- the symport mapping process is performed on the complex plane to construct the transmission frame 700-1 to 700 0-K, and the symbol sequence S 1 to SK to the vector multiplexing means 3 0 1 Output.
- the vector multiplexing means 301 executes vector multiplexing processing using column vectors V 1 to ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ with the sympol sequence S 1 to SK as an input, and performs vector multiplexing. Generate a poll sequence X 1 to XM. Each of these vector multiplex symbol sequences X 1 to XM is transmitted in association with the antenna elements A 1 to AM constituting the base station array antenna 105.
- Base station RF section 302 converts this vector-multiplexed symbol sequence X1 to XM into signals in the radio frequency band, and converts them into vectorized signals X1 to xK. Send more (step 5 1 7 0 3).
- the base station 1 0 1 and the communication terminal 1 0 2 2 repeat the process 1 3 vector multiple communication and normal communication.
- propagation channel is analyzed by transmitting the reference signal in processing 11, this is because, in general, propagation parameters can be estimated with high accuracy by using known signals. Analysis of H can be done without using a reference signal. In other words, it is also possible to estimate propagation parameters using, for example, the control signal .. processing performed in process 10 .. registration request signal or registration permission signal.
- a plurality of data sequences are vector-multiplexed using the characteristics of the propagation channel 103 between a specific communication terminal 102 and the base station 101.
- problems may arise.
- the problem is avoided by repeatedly transmitting and receiving the reference signal as in step S1704, step S1705, and step S1705 shown in FIG. 17. Is possible
- the estimation of the propagation channel matrix Although the degradation of the degree causes degradation of SINR for the communication terminal 102, it does not change the probability distribution characteristic of SINR for the non-communication terminal 200. That is, if the condition that the SINR for the communication terminal 102 is equal to or higher than the reception sensitivity point is guaranteed, the leakage rate of the delay will not be increased.
- the transmission apparatus of the present invention can prevent the leakage of data in the physical layer of communication after securing the portability of data transmission, and as a result, high security can be ensured.
- the present invention is useful for a transmitter that transmits information between specific wireless stations, and is suitable for preventing information leakage to a third party in a wireless channel.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
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EP20040710503 EP1548968B1 (en) | 2003-02-12 | 2004-02-12 | Transmitter apparatus and radio communication method |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1548968B1 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
JP2004266818A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
EP1548968A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
US7215979B2 (en) | 2007-05-08 |
EP1548968A4 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
US20060003710A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
JP4514463B2 (ja) | 2010-07-28 |
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