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US6135785A - Small pitch electrical connector having narrowed portion - Google Patents

Small pitch electrical connector having narrowed portion Download PDF

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Publication number
US6135785A
US6135785A US08/811,655 US81165597A US6135785A US 6135785 A US6135785 A US 6135785A US 81165597 A US81165597 A US 81165597A US 6135785 A US6135785 A US 6135785A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
terminal
base
thickness
width
contact portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US08/811,655
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English (en)
Inventor
Toshihiro Niitsu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Molex LLC
Original Assignee
Molex LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Molex LLC filed Critical Molex LLC
Assigned to MOLEX INCORPORATED reassignment MOLEX INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NIITSU, TOSHIHIRO
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6135785A publication Critical patent/US6135785A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/50—Fixed connections
    • H01R12/51—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/55—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H01R12/71—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/712—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures co-operating with the surface of the printed circuit or with a coupling device exclusively provided on the surface of the printed circuit
    • H01R12/716—Coupling device provided on the PCB

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to the art of electrical connectors and, particularly, to a terminal for an electrical connector, the terminal being stamped of sheet metal material.
  • male and female terminals form an electrical connection between the two circuit boards.
  • Male connector posts or pins typically are coupled to a first circuit board, and the male connector posts mate with female connector terminals coupled to the second circuit board.
  • the terminals may be hermaphroditic and include both male and female portions.
  • Terminals for such connectors typically are stamped out of thin sheet metal material, and the terminals are fixed in an elongated insulating housing at regular intervals longitudinally thereof.
  • Each terminal includes a contact beam, arm or post for contacting a complementary terminal in the associated mating connector housing.
  • the contact arm is cantilevered from a base which is integral with the contact arm and which is fixed to the connector housing.
  • a retention arm also might extend from the base for rigidly retaining the terminal in the housing.
  • the contact arm of the terminal preferably is sufficiently flexibly rigid to facilitate a positive engagement and disengagement with the complementary terminal of the mating connector, but the flexible contact arms of all of the terminals in the connector must not be too rigid so as to require an excessive force when mating and unmating the connectors.
  • the flexibility of the contact arm can be increased by increasing the length of the arm or reducing the width of the arm measured in the plane of the sheet metal material.
  • the present invention is directed to solving these various problems by providing improvements in the electrical terminals of electrical connectors of the character described.
  • An object, therefore, of the invention is to provide a new and improved electrical terminal for use in a circuit board mounted electrical connector requiring a fine pitch for board interconnections.
  • the electrical terminal is adapted for contacting one of a plurality of closely spaced terminal blades of a complementary mating terminal.
  • the terminal is generally U-shaped and includes a generally rigid retention arm and a flexible contact arm joined to the retention arm by a generally rigid base.
  • the contact arm has a given thickness in a direction generally perpendicular to the plane of the U-shaped terminal, and a contact portion projects from the contact arm toward the retention arm for engaging the one terminal blade.
  • the sides of the contact arm at the projecting contact portion are stepped so that the thickness of the contact portion is less than the given thickness of the contact arm.
  • the electrical terminal is stamped of sheet metal material to define sides and edges.
  • the flexible contact arm is cantilevered from the rigid base, and a juncture portion joins the contact arm to the base.
  • the width of the contact arm between its edges near the contact portion is greater than the width of the juncture portion.
  • the width of the base between its edges is greater than the width of the juncture portion.
  • the terminal has a given thickness between its sides.
  • the invention contemplates that the width of the contact arm between its edges is greater than the given thickness.
  • the width of the base between its edges is greater than the given thickness.
  • the width of the juncture portion between its edges is less than the given thickness.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the electrical terminal according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged section taken generally along line E--E in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged section taken generally along line F--F in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged section taken generally along line G--G in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged section taken generally along line H--H in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged section taken generally along line I--I in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged section taken generally along line J--J in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of a plurality of terminals joined to a carrier strip as during manufacture thereof;
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged section taken generally along line K--K in FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 10 is a top plan view of an electrical connector having a plurality of the terminals mounted therein.
  • an electrical terminal is stamped or blanked out of thin sheet metal material, and a plurality of such terminals are arranged at regular intervals in a generally parallel array along an insulating housing 12 (FIGS. 9 and 10) of an electrical connector, generally designated 13.
  • the insulating housing has an elongated slot 16 on each opposite side of a central partition 12a of the housing for receiving the complementary terminals of a mating electrical connector.
  • Side walls 15 of the housing have a plurality of mounting holes 14 outside slot 16.
  • each terminal 1 is generally U-shaped and defines a contact arm 2 integrally joined to a rigid base 3 by a curved juncture portion 4, with a retention arm 6 generally parallel to contact arm 2.
  • contact arm 2 and retention arm 6 form the legs of the U-shaped terminal, with base 3 forming the bight portion of the U-shape.
  • a contact portion 5 projects from contact arm 2 toward retention arm 6.
  • a retention tooth or barb 7 projects from the outside of retention arm 6.
  • a solder tail 8 projects from base 3 generally parallel thereto for soldering to a conductive circuit trace on a printed circuit board (not shown).
  • terminal 1 stamped of sheet metal material the terminal, in essence, is defined by opposite sides and peripheral edges.
  • the opposite sides are the major planes of the terminal as defined by the opposite planar surfaces of the sheet metal material from which the terminal is stamped.
  • the edges are the stamped edges which define the precise peripheral shape of the terminal.
  • the thickness of the sheet metal from which the terminal is stamped and thus generally between the sides of the terminal is 0.2 mm.
  • the width "A" between the edges of contact arm 2 is 0.23 mm
  • the width "B" between the edges of rigid base 3 is 0.23 mm.
  • the width of curved juncture portion 4 at any point between its opposite edges is 0.18 mm. Therefore, it can be understood that both the contact arm 2 and the base 3 are wider between their respective edges than juncture portion 4.
  • the width of both the contact arm 2 and the base 3 is wider than the thickness of the sheet metal material, whereas the width of juncture portion 4 is less than the thickness of the sheet metal material.
  • a further advantage is gained by dimensioning the width of both contact arm 2 and base 3 wider than curved portion 4.
  • a narrow section such as curved portion 4 may have a tendency to twist.
  • contact arm 2 and base 3 are wide enough to resist this twisting and are located on opposite sides of the curved portion 4, curved portion 4 is unable to twist.
  • the ends of curved portion 4 are fixed to the contact arm 2 and base 3, respectively, it is very difficult for curved portion 4 to twist without also twisting either contact arm 2 or base 3. This helps to maintain the desired position of contact portion 5.
  • FIG. 2 shows a feature of the invention wherein the thickness of contact portion 5 is made less than the thickness of the sheet metal material of contact arm 2.
  • the contact arm is stepped, as at 2a, on opposite sides thereof at the contact portion so that the thickness of the contact portion is less than the given thickness of the contact arm, as shown. This considerably reduces the possibility that the contact portion might engage the wrong complementary blade terminal of the mating connector.
  • FIGS. 3-7 show that various lead-in edges of the terminal have angled or chamfered corners to facilitate inserting the terminals into their respective cavities in connector housing 12.
  • terminal 1 is inserted into its respective cavity in the housing in the direction of arrow "X" (FIG. 1). It can be seen that the major leading edges of the terminal in the "X" direction are chamfered as shown in FIGS. 3-7.
  • FIG. 8 shows a series of terminals 1 having been stamped from sheet metal material (0.2 mm thick) with the terminals still joined to a carrier strip 9 by respective webs 10.
  • Each web 10 has a stamped notch 11 made immediately adjacent base 3 of the respective terminal to facilitate separating the terminal from carrier strip 9 and the web.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show a plurality of terminals 1 mounted in housing 12 of connector 13.
  • the terminals are inserted into the housing in the "X" direction as described above.
  • retention arms 6 of the terminals are pushed into mounting holes 14 in side walls 15 of the housing.
  • the bases 3 of the terminals abut against the bottoms of side walls 15.
  • contact portions 5 of flexible contact arms 2 project into slots 16 for engaging the appropriate complementary blade terminals of the mating connector.
  • Reduced cross-sectional juncture portions 4 of the terminals provide improved resiliency for contact arms 2, while contact portions 5 still provide a good positive engagement with the complementary mating terminals.
  • the terminals are mounted in the housing at spaced, generally parallel intervals (e.g. 0.5 mm). The terminals are prevented from backing out of the housing by the interference fit of retention teeth 7 biting into the plastic material of the housing within mounting holes 14.

Landscapes

  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
US08/811,655 1996-03-14 1997-03-05 Small pitch electrical connector having narrowed portion Expired - Fee Related US6135785A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8-085734 1996-03-14
JP8573496A JP3028199B2 (ja) 1996-03-14 1996-03-14 電気コネクタのターミナル

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US6135785A true US6135785A (en) 2000-10-24

Family

ID=13867078

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/811,655 Expired - Fee Related US6135785A (en) 1996-03-14 1997-03-05 Small pitch electrical connector having narrowed portion

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6135785A (zh)
EP (1) EP0795939B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3028199B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100224055B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1105407C (zh)
DE (1) DE69734950D1 (zh)
IN (1) IN191216B (zh)
MY (1) MY116867A (zh)
SG (1) SG71697A1 (zh)
TW (1) TW387635U (zh)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6338630B1 (en) * 2000-07-28 2002-01-15 Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. Board-to-board connector with improved contacts
US20030143874A1 (en) * 2002-01-29 2003-07-31 Osamu Hashiguchi Surface-mountable connector with structure permitting to easily check flatness of contact terminals by use of a gauge and the gauge
US20040048523A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2004-03-11 Huang Chieh Rung High elasticity contact for electrical connector and contact carrier
US20040102065A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-05-27 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Electrical connector with fixity members having similar shapes as contacts from which contact portions are omitted
US6827588B1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2004-12-07 Cheng Uei Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Low profile board-to-board connector assembly
US20050026466A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2005-02-03 Takafumi Kubo Connector assembly
US20050032434A1 (en) * 2003-08-08 2005-02-10 Chi Zhang Electrical connector with improved terminals
US20080139034A1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 J.S.T. Corporation Connector position assurance apparatus
US20090221156A1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Advanced Connectek Inc. Signal terminal and plug connector with signal terminals
US7833024B2 (en) 2005-08-03 2010-11-16 Molex Incorporated Board-to-board connector for mounting on a circuit board
US20140213079A1 (en) * 2013-01-29 2014-07-31 Jae Electronics, Inc. Connector
US20160093967A1 (en) * 2014-09-26 2016-03-31 Jae Electronics, Inc. Connector
US11563284B2 (en) * 2020-05-13 2023-01-24 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Connector assembly and connector
US11616329B2 (en) * 2014-10-27 2023-03-28 Fci Usa Llc Power connectors with receiving chamber

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4179170B2 (ja) * 2004-01-16 2008-11-12 住友電装株式会社 コネクタ
JP4290184B2 (ja) * 2006-07-31 2009-07-01 本多通信工業株式会社 低背コネクタ

Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4778231A (en) * 1984-09-28 1988-10-18 North American Specialties Corp. Electrical connector
US4955820A (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-09-11 Molex Incorporated T-leg SMT contact
US4990107A (en) * 1989-11-17 1991-02-05 Amp Incorporated Integrated circuit module connector assembly
US5082459A (en) * 1990-08-23 1992-01-21 Amp Incorporated Dual readout simm socket
US5100337A (en) * 1991-01-22 1992-03-31 Lee Chao Kuei L Electrical connector for exerting multiple elastic forces
US5116247A (en) * 1990-05-29 1992-05-26 Molex Incorporated Board-to-board electric connector having male and female terminals at reduced pitch
US5199895A (en) * 1992-02-04 1993-04-06 Chang Lien Ker Low insertion force, self-locking connecting apparatus for electrically connecting memory modules to a printed circuit board
US5249988A (en) * 1992-06-04 1993-10-05 Foxconn International, Inc. Connector and contact therein having enhanced retention and high flexibility
US5254017A (en) * 1991-09-13 1993-10-19 Robinson Nugent, Inc. Terminal for low profile edge socket
US5259793A (en) * 1992-04-06 1993-11-09 Molex Incorporated Edge connector for a printed circuit board
US5259795A (en) * 1992-04-18 1993-11-09 Molex Incorporated Edge connector for a printed circuit board or the like
US5263870A (en) * 1992-12-16 1993-11-23 The Whitaker Corporation Dual read-out SIMM socket for high electrical speed applications
US5308252A (en) * 1992-12-24 1994-05-03 The Whitaker Corporation Interposer connector and contact element therefore
US5316496A (en) * 1992-02-28 1994-05-31 The Whitaker Corporation Connector for flat cables
US5393234A (en) * 1992-09-28 1995-02-28 The Whitaker Corporation Edge connectors and contacts used therein
US5403215A (en) * 1993-12-21 1995-04-04 The Whitaker Corporation Electrical connector with improved contact retention
US5437556A (en) * 1993-04-09 1995-08-01 Framatome Connectors International Intermediate connector for use between a printed circuit card and a substrate for electronic circuits
US5480316A (en) * 1994-06-23 1996-01-02 The Whitaker Corporation Low insertion force card edge connector
US5498167A (en) * 1994-04-13 1996-03-12 Molex Incorporated Board to board electrical connectors
US5620342A (en) * 1995-06-12 1997-04-15 The Whitaker Corporation Socket having low insertion force contact system
US5626487A (en) * 1995-02-03 1997-05-06 Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. Contact for slanted SIMM socket

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5030107A (en) * 1990-11-08 1991-07-09 Molex Incorporated LCD cluster connector
GB9122052D0 (en) * 1991-10-17 1991-11-27 Amp Holland Printed circuit board electrical connector
US5199884A (en) * 1991-12-02 1993-04-06 Amp Incorporated Blind mating miniature connector

Patent Citations (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4778231A (en) * 1984-09-28 1988-10-18 North American Specialties Corp. Electrical connector
US4955820A (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-09-11 Molex Incorporated T-leg SMT contact
US4990107A (en) * 1989-11-17 1991-02-05 Amp Incorporated Integrated circuit module connector assembly
US5116247A (en) * 1990-05-29 1992-05-26 Molex Incorporated Board-to-board electric connector having male and female terminals at reduced pitch
US5082459A (en) * 1990-08-23 1992-01-21 Amp Incorporated Dual readout simm socket
US5100337A (en) * 1991-01-22 1992-03-31 Lee Chao Kuei L Electrical connector for exerting multiple elastic forces
US5387133A (en) * 1991-09-13 1995-02-07 Robinson Nugent, Inc. Terminal for low profile edge socket
US5254017A (en) * 1991-09-13 1993-10-19 Robinson Nugent, Inc. Terminal for low profile edge socket
US5199895A (en) * 1992-02-04 1993-04-06 Chang Lien Ker Low insertion force, self-locking connecting apparatus for electrically connecting memory modules to a printed circuit board
US5316496A (en) * 1992-02-28 1994-05-31 The Whitaker Corporation Connector for flat cables
US5259793A (en) * 1992-04-06 1993-11-09 Molex Incorporated Edge connector for a printed circuit board
US5259795A (en) * 1992-04-18 1993-11-09 Molex Incorporated Edge connector for a printed circuit board or the like
US5249988A (en) * 1992-06-04 1993-10-05 Foxconn International, Inc. Connector and contact therein having enhanced retention and high flexibility
US5393234A (en) * 1992-09-28 1995-02-28 The Whitaker Corporation Edge connectors and contacts used therein
US5263870A (en) * 1992-12-16 1993-11-23 The Whitaker Corporation Dual read-out SIMM socket for high electrical speed applications
US5308252A (en) * 1992-12-24 1994-05-03 The Whitaker Corporation Interposer connector and contact element therefore
US5437556A (en) * 1993-04-09 1995-08-01 Framatome Connectors International Intermediate connector for use between a printed circuit card and a substrate for electronic circuits
US5403215A (en) * 1993-12-21 1995-04-04 The Whitaker Corporation Electrical connector with improved contact retention
US5498167A (en) * 1994-04-13 1996-03-12 Molex Incorporated Board to board electrical connectors
US5480316A (en) * 1994-06-23 1996-01-02 The Whitaker Corporation Low insertion force card edge connector
US5626487A (en) * 1995-02-03 1997-05-06 Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. Contact for slanted SIMM socket
US5620342A (en) * 1995-06-12 1997-04-15 The Whitaker Corporation Socket having low insertion force contact system

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6338630B1 (en) * 2000-07-28 2002-01-15 Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. Board-to-board connector with improved contacts
US20030143874A1 (en) * 2002-01-29 2003-07-31 Osamu Hashiguchi Surface-mountable connector with structure permitting to easily check flatness of contact terminals by use of a gauge and the gauge
US6692266B2 (en) * 2002-01-29 2004-02-17 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Ltd. Surface-mountable connector with structure permitting to easily check flatness of contact terminals by use of a gauge and the gauge
US20040048523A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2004-03-11 Huang Chieh Rung High elasticity contact for electrical connector and contact carrier
US6884089B2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2005-04-26 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Electrical connector with fixity members having similar shapes as contacts from which contact portions are omitted
US20040102065A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-05-27 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Electrical connector with fixity members having similar shapes as contacts from which contact portions are omitted
US6827588B1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2004-12-07 Cheng Uei Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Low profile board-to-board connector assembly
US20040253848A1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2004-12-16 Eric Huang Low profile board-to-board connector assembly
US6902411B2 (en) * 2003-07-29 2005-06-07 Tyco Electronics Amp K.K. Connector assembly
US20050026466A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2005-02-03 Takafumi Kubo Connector assembly
US20050032434A1 (en) * 2003-08-08 2005-02-10 Chi Zhang Electrical connector with improved terminals
US6923659B2 (en) * 2003-08-08 2005-08-02 Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. Electrical connector with improved terminals
US7833024B2 (en) 2005-08-03 2010-11-16 Molex Incorporated Board-to-board connector for mounting on a circuit board
US20080139034A1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 J.S.T. Corporation Connector position assurance apparatus
US7431605B2 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-10-07 J.S.T. Corporation Connector position assurance apparatus
US7789673B2 (en) * 2008-02-29 2010-09-07 Advanced Connectek Inc. Signal terminal and plug connector with signal terminals
US20090221156A1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Advanced Connectek Inc. Signal terminal and plug connector with signal terminals
US20140213079A1 (en) * 2013-01-29 2014-07-31 Jae Electronics, Inc. Connector
US8888506B2 (en) * 2013-01-29 2014-11-18 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Connector
US20160093967A1 (en) * 2014-09-26 2016-03-31 Jae Electronics, Inc. Connector
US9484648B2 (en) * 2014-09-26 2016-11-01 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Connector
US11616329B2 (en) * 2014-10-27 2023-03-28 Fci Usa Llc Power connectors with receiving chamber
US11563284B2 (en) * 2020-05-13 2023-01-24 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited Connector assembly and connector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR970068043A (ko) 1997-10-13
EP0795939A3 (en) 2000-07-26
CN1169045A (zh) 1997-12-31
EP0795939A2 (en) 1997-09-17
SG71697A1 (en) 2000-04-18
DE69734950D1 (de) 2006-02-02
TW387635U (en) 2000-04-11
KR100224055B1 (ko) 1999-10-15
IN191216B (zh) 2003-10-11
JPH09259988A (ja) 1997-10-03
CN1105407C (zh) 2003-04-09
EP0795939B1 (en) 2005-12-28
MY116867A (en) 2004-04-30
JP3028199B2 (ja) 2000-04-04

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Effective date: 20121024