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US3507342A - Method and apparatus for drilling through soil and rock layers - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for drilling through soil and rock layers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3507342A
US3507342A US618839A US3507342DA US3507342A US 3507342 A US3507342 A US 3507342A US 618839 A US618839 A US 618839A US 3507342D A US3507342D A US 3507342DA US 3507342 A US3507342 A US 3507342A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
drill
bit
drilling
borehole
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US618839A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Florian Hasewend
Hubert Pichler
Walter Mayerhofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG filed Critical Gebrueder Boehler and Co AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3507342A publication Critical patent/US3507342A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H17/00—Networks using digital techniques
    • H03H17/02—Frequency selective networks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/36—Percussion drill bits
    • E21B10/38—Percussion drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/36—Percussion drill bits
    • E21B10/40—Percussion drill bits with leading portion
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/12—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using drilling pipes with plural fluid passages, e.g. closed circulation systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for drilling preferably in a generally horizontal direction through soil and rock layers by means of a rotary an-d percussive drilling tool, e.g., a drill hammer, in which method the material to be removed is detached by a cutter bit and is removed through the drill pipes.
  • a rotary an-d percussive drilling tool e.g., a drill hammer
  • dams to be drilled through consists of layers of loose soil or rock or even of layers of coarse gravel because in such cases the duct would cave in immediately behind the cutter bit in most cases. It is particularly difcult to drill through dams in which ⁇ big stones are embedded in layers of loose soil or rock and these big stones must be drilled through.
  • a drill hammer which is provided with a rotary motor and has a strong percussive action and is advanced, e.g., by a chain along a mount to drive the drill pipes and the cutter bit into the borehole.
  • FIG. 1 shows drilling equipment having a step bit
  • FIG. la is a sectional view taken on line I-I of FIG. 1 through the step bit
  • FIG. 1b is an elevation of the rotary motor and percussion motor for actuating the drilling equipment.
  • FIG. 2 shows drilling equipment provided with a step bit and a wash conduit
  • FIG. 2a is a sectional View taken on line II-II of FIG. 2 through the shank of the cutter bit and
  • FIG. 3 is a partial sectional elevation of a drilling equipment provided with a core bit.
  • the step bit shown in FIG. 1 comprises a starter bit 1 and an enlarging bit 2.
  • the latter is formed in its peripheral surface with an annular groove 3, which is succeeded by two webs 4 connecting the drill bit to the cylindrical pipe 5.
  • the outside diameter of the latter is approximately as large as the diameter of the end face of the enlarging bit.
  • the webs 4 are provided with extensions 6, which are bent outwardly like blades and serve for pushing the material ⁇ which has been detached by the bits through the opening 7 between the webs 4 into the axial cavity 8 of the drill bit during the rotation of the latter.
  • the periphery of the bit is provided with a smoothening bead 9, which has a diameter that is as large as the length of the cutting edge 0f the starter bit or is even somewhat larger than the diameter of the borehole and serves to compact and smoothen the wall 10 of the borehole.
  • the reduced end portion of the shank 5 of the bit is formed with a screw thread, which is screwed into a drill pipe 11.
  • Any desired number of drill pipes may be connected to the drill pipe 11, depending on the progress of the borehole.
  • An adapter 12 provided with a screw thread may be welded to the end of each drill pipe to provide a connection between each pipe and the succeeding one.
  • the end pipe 13 disposed outside the borehole is formed in its periphery with sufficiently large openings 14, through which the excavated material is discharged out of the string of drill pipes. This end pipe is connected by the connector 15 to the drill rod 16, which connects the drilling tool to a rotary motor 26 and a percussion drive 25.
  • This drilling tool has the following mode of operation.
  • the drilling tool is rotated by a strong motor about its longitudinal axis and percussions in the axial direction are continually applied to the drilling tool by a second motor.
  • the loosening and detaching of material from the face of the borehole is mainly effected by the rotation and assisted by the percussions.
  • This material flows between the bits of the tool to the apertures 7 between the webs 4 and is pushed by the bladelike extensions 6 into the cavity 8 of the drill pipe 11.
  • the excavated material is moved through the drill pipe 11 and any further drill pipes as though it were conveyed on vibratory chutes, and after reaching the end pipe 13 falls out of the same through the openings 14 owing to the rotation of the pipe.
  • the axial movement and the disintegration of the excavated material by the drill pipe or pipes is promoted by the rotary motion so that even moist or caking material can be conveyed and ejected without trouble.
  • FIG. 2 shows also -a drilling tool comprising a step bit which is similar to that of FIG. l.
  • This tool differs from that of FIG. 1 by a wash conduit, which extends through the drill pipe 11 and through the Idrill bits 2 and 1.
  • T0 hold the wash pipe 17 in the drill pipe 11, through which the excavated material flows
  • adapters 12 are inserted between the drill pipes and provided with webs 19 holding hubs Ztl, in which the wash pipe is anchored.
  • the excavated material travels through all drill pipes and falls out through the opening-s 23 of the end pipe 21, which is disposed outside the borehole.
  • the removal of cuttings from the face of the borehole and the removal of the excavated material from the borehole is promoted by the washing action of the washing fluid.
  • FIG. 3 shows a modified embodiment, in which the drill pipes 11 are connected by adapters 12 and a core bit 22 is connected to the end of the drill pipes.
  • the periphery of the -rear part of the bit is stepped and is about as large in diameter as the forward part of the core bit and is screw-connected to the drill pipe 11,A which is also approximately as large in diameter as the bit.
  • That part of the drill pipe 13 which lies outside the borehole is provided with openings 14 for ejecting the excavated material.
  • an annular hole is cut into the layers of soil or rock to Ibe drilled through and the ybit is progressively advanced into said hole.
  • the resulting core and the material removed from the annular hole enter the cavity of the bit and advance therein into the drill pipe until the material reaches the openings 14, through which it is ejected into the open.
  • the cutter bit or a drill pipe is formed with a step so that a casing pipe can be pushed over the succeeding drill pipes and enters the borehole with the advancing drill pipes.
  • the casing pipe remains in the 4bore hole whereas the core bit and lthe drill pipes can be pulled out at the point of breakthrough.
  • Drilling equipment for drilling in a direction having a -generally horizontal component said equipment comprising a cutter bit
  • said connecting means being further adapted to subject said material in said lapertures to said percussive movement so as to cause said material to move through said apertures into and through said drill pipes,
  • said drill pipes being formed in a portion remote from said cutter bit With lateral openings for discharging said material out of said drill pipes.
  • Drilling equipment as set forth in claim 1, wherein said means for imparting rotary and axial movement to said string of drill pipes comprises a rot-ary motor for imparting said rotary movement to said drill pipes.
  • Drilling equipment as set forth in claim 1, in which said drill pipes have throughout their length approximately the same outside diameter as that portion of said bit which is largest in diameter.
  • said connecting means comprise a shank connected between said drill pipes and said cutter bit which is formed with a peripheral bead for smoothening the borehole.
  • Drilling equipment as set forth in claim 1, which comprises a peripheral bead formed on said drill pipe closest to said cutter bit which is adapted to smoothen the borehole.
  • said cutter bit constitutes a step bit and said connecting means comprise a shank formed with an annular groove, which is succeeded in the direction toward said drill pipe by a conically enlarged portion having approximately the same diameter as that portion of said bit Which is largest in diameter, and
  • a method of drilling, in a substantially horizontal direction, through soil or rock by means of a rotary and percussion drill comprising the steps of drilling into the soil or rock with a bit, thereby forming a borehole therein, extracting the borings from said borehole by means of the percussive and rotary action of said drill, via pipes having openings and being connected to said bit, and discharging the borings through said openings provided in said pipes.
  • the method for drilling as set forth in claim 10 including the step of Washing said borings by means of liquid conducted by pipe means through said pipes to said bit and exiting therefrom.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
US618839A 1966-02-28 1967-02-27 Method and apparatus for drilling through soil and rock layers Expired - Lifetime US3507342A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT182866A AT284016B (de) 1966-02-28 1966-02-28 Vorrichtung für die Herstellung von im wesentlichen horizontalen Bohrungen in Gestein oder Erdreich

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3507342A true US3507342A (en) 1970-04-21

Family

ID=3521856

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US618839A Expired - Lifetime US3507342A (en) 1966-02-28 1967-02-27 Method and apparatus for drilling through soil and rock layers

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3507342A (de)
AT (1) AT284016B (de)
CH (1) CH464093A (de)
CS (1) CS173551B2 (de)
DE (1) DE1533644C3 (de)
ES (1) ES337386A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1514489A (de)
GB (1) GB1162293A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3905431A (en) * 1972-10-02 1975-09-16 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Earth boring method and apparatus
US3910361A (en) * 1972-11-15 1975-10-07 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Apparatus for drilling and enlarging a bore
US4440240A (en) * 1979-01-04 1984-04-03 Institut Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk Sssr Method of making holes in the soil and apparatus for performing this method
US5386878A (en) * 1994-04-29 1995-02-07 Uti Energy Corp. Rock boring process and apparatus
US5711385A (en) * 1996-04-12 1998-01-27 Brotherton; Jim Augerless boring system
US6668946B2 (en) 2001-01-22 2003-12-30 Vermeer Manufacturing Company Backreamer
WO2008064384A1 (de) * 2006-11-29 2008-06-05 Techmo Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Gmbh Vorrrichtung zum schlag- bzw. drehschlagbohren in gesteinsmaterial
WO2008064385A1 (de) * 2006-11-29 2008-06-05 Techmo Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Gmbh Vorrichtung zum bohren in gesteinsmaterial
US9399852B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-07-26 Alternative Energy Development Corp. Pile installation without extraction
US11767716B2 (en) * 2020-08-21 2023-09-26 Tracto-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg Drilling head for a percussive displacement ground drilling device and use of a drilling head for a percussive displacement ground drilling device

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT310679B (de) * 1970-12-21 1973-10-10 Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Löchern im Erdboden
JPS49112436A (de) * 1973-02-27 1974-10-26
FR2509770A1 (fr) * 1981-07-16 1983-01-21 Inst Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo O Procede de pose de conduites sans creusement de tranchees
DE3321609C2 (de) * 1983-06-15 1987-02-19 Wilhelm 3581 Bad Wildungen Albus Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines im wesentlichen horizontal verlaufenden Erdbohrlochs
DE3326246A1 (de) * 1983-07-21 1985-01-31 Paul 5940 Lennestadt Schmidt Rammvorrichtung
DE3426374C1 (de) * 1984-07-18 1986-03-13 Paul 5940 Lennestadt Schmidt Rammvorrichtung
CN105586881A (zh) * 2016-02-18 2016-05-18 韩希鹏 X桩与矩形桩梯形咬合设备

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US629539A (en) * 1898-07-11 1899-07-25 Alexander H Bertram Boring and excavating implement.
US1678201A (en) * 1923-09-17 1928-07-24 John P Samuelson Rotary drill bit
US1882906A (en) * 1929-11-07 1932-10-18 Cleveland Rock Drill Co Tool for fluid actuated machines
US2234454A (en) * 1940-05-20 1941-03-11 Herman F Richter Apparatus for drilling wells
USRE23539E (en) * 1952-08-26 Drill bit
US2816737A (en) * 1955-07-05 1957-12-17 Termite Drills Inc Drills
US3022840A (en) * 1959-03-19 1962-02-27 Mine Safety Appliances Co Dust collecting rotary rock drill
US3154158A (en) * 1962-02-15 1964-10-27 Ingersoll Rand Co Rock drill

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE23539E (en) * 1952-08-26 Drill bit
US629539A (en) * 1898-07-11 1899-07-25 Alexander H Bertram Boring and excavating implement.
US1678201A (en) * 1923-09-17 1928-07-24 John P Samuelson Rotary drill bit
US1882906A (en) * 1929-11-07 1932-10-18 Cleveland Rock Drill Co Tool for fluid actuated machines
US2234454A (en) * 1940-05-20 1941-03-11 Herman F Richter Apparatus for drilling wells
US2816737A (en) * 1955-07-05 1957-12-17 Termite Drills Inc Drills
US3022840A (en) * 1959-03-19 1962-02-27 Mine Safety Appliances Co Dust collecting rotary rock drill
US3154158A (en) * 1962-02-15 1964-10-27 Ingersoll Rand Co Rock drill

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3905431A (en) * 1972-10-02 1975-09-16 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Earth boring method and apparatus
US3910361A (en) * 1972-11-15 1975-10-07 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Apparatus for drilling and enlarging a bore
US4440240A (en) * 1979-01-04 1984-04-03 Institut Gornogo Dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk Sssr Method of making holes in the soil and apparatus for performing this method
US5386878A (en) * 1994-04-29 1995-02-07 Uti Energy Corp. Rock boring process and apparatus
US5711385A (en) * 1996-04-12 1998-01-27 Brotherton; Jim Augerless boring system
US6668946B2 (en) 2001-01-22 2003-12-30 Vermeer Manufacturing Company Backreamer
WO2008064384A1 (de) * 2006-11-29 2008-06-05 Techmo Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Gmbh Vorrrichtung zum schlag- bzw. drehschlagbohren in gesteinsmaterial
WO2008064385A1 (de) * 2006-11-29 2008-06-05 Techmo Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs Gmbh Vorrichtung zum bohren in gesteinsmaterial
US9399852B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-07-26 Alternative Energy Development Corp. Pile installation without extraction
US11767716B2 (en) * 2020-08-21 2023-09-26 Tracto-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg Drilling head for a percussive displacement ground drilling device and use of a drilling head for a percussive displacement ground drilling device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT284016B (de) 1970-08-25
CS173551B2 (de) 1977-02-28
DE1533644A1 (de) 1970-01-15
FR1514489A (fr) 1968-02-23
CH464093A (de) 1968-10-15
DE1533644B2 (de) 1975-05-22
DE1533644C3 (de) 1976-01-02
GB1162293A (en) 1969-08-20
ES337386A1 (es) 1968-08-16

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