[go: up one dir, main page]

US2913813A - Composite metal product - Google Patents

Composite metal product Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2913813A
US2913813A US517208A US51720855A US2913813A US 2913813 A US2913813 A US 2913813A US 517208 A US517208 A US 517208A US 51720855 A US51720855 A US 51720855A US 2913813 A US2913813 A US 2913813A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
lead
nickel
aluminum
conduit
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US517208A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Howard J Homer
John R Whitacre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio
Original Assignee
Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio filed Critical Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio
Priority to US517208A priority Critical patent/US2913813A/en
Priority to US576158A priority patent/US2813803A/en
Priority to US576201A priority patent/US2887089A/en
Priority to DEC14196A priority patent/DE1109002B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2913813A publication Critical patent/US2913813A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C16/0272—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating
    • C23C16/0281—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating of metallic sub-layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
    • C23C16/18—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metallo-organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/925—Relative dimension specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49982—Coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12583—Component contains compound of adjacent metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12583—Component contains compound of adjacent metal
    • Y10T428/1259—Oxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12701—Pb-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the protection and the bonding of metals and is particularly applicable to metals which form surface oxides readily when the metal is exposed to the air; oxides thus formed tend to prevent the adherence of protective metal coatings which coatings in many applications would be useful in conjunction with such an oxide-forming metal.
  • the invention particularly contemplates the joining of metitls of dissimilar characteristics without affecting desirable physical properties of the metals joined.
  • bodies of aluminum metal or aluminum containing alloys which bodies are utilized in many applications because of their lightness in weight may be joined to a pro-- tective coating of nickel in such an amount of the latter as to secure the corrosion and pit rcsistantcharacteristics of the nickel while substantially retaining the desirable light weight'characteristics of the aluminum.
  • the practice of this invention includes the steps of providing a metallic interlayer or tie ply between the metals to be joined, the interlayer consisting preferably of a single metal such as lead.
  • the lead is adhered to the body of the oxide-forming metal by deposition of the lead from a gaseous heat decomposable metal hear ing compound at a temperature or temperatures at which the oxide-forming'metal is unaffected in physicalcharacteristics; the temperature however is preferably such that the lead deposit is somewhat plastic.
  • a corrosionresistant metal is then applied to the lead preferably also by deposition from a gaseous heat decomposable metal bearing compound.
  • the deposition of the lead interlayer is effected in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and the interlayer as it deposits is itself oxide-free.
  • Lead however has an affinity for oxygen and tends to inter-diffuse with the oxide layer of the oxide-coated metal base and to combine with the oxide layer to form a bond of high physical properties.
  • the lead is itself, particularly when at a temperature approaching the plastic condition, receptive to deposits of other corrosion resistant metals such as nickel and chromium.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a cylinder metallized in accordance with the practice of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of a relatively long flat piece of aluminum metallized in accordance with the principles of this invention.
  • a hood having therein a heated compartment 3 normally maintained at a temperature of about 275 350 F.
  • a second compartment 5 adjacent the first is maintained at a temperature of about 75 -l00 F.
  • Compartment 3 contains a plating chamber 7 which is preferably of Pyrex glasstchamber 7 is provided with a removable. sealing closure member 9 at its upper end and a sealing closure member 11 at its lower end. These closures most suitably are of metal and are pressed or threaded onto the Pyrex glass.
  • the chamber 7 is supported at its lower end by a suitable mounting 13 to permit of passage of an outlet conduit 15 from the chamber; conduit 15 is connected to a vacuum pump 17 and motor 19 for assisting withdrawal of gases from the chamber 7.
  • the pump 17 exhausts to the atmosphere.
  • An induction heating coil 21 surrounds the plating chamber and an aluminum object 23 to be metallized is positioned to be heated when coil 21 is energized.
  • the object 23 is suitably suspended by a strap 25 of heat insulating material from closure 9.
  • a steel container 27 which retains a supply 29 of tetraethyl lead.
  • Sight glass 31 provides for viewing the supply.
  • Valve 33 provides for charging the container through conduit 35 and for sealing the supply from the atmosphere.
  • the container 27 is provided with a pressure gauge 37 and a conduit 39 having valves 40 and 41.
  • Conduit 39 is connected to a source of nitrogen gas which gas as indicated passes into the hood from the leftward end from a supply (not shown) through compartment 5; valve 41 controls the flow of the nitrogen to container 27.
  • Container 27 is provided also with a conduit 43 having a shut-olf valve 45' and a flow control valve 47 for metering the flow of liquid tetraethyl lead to conduit 49.
  • Conduit 49 is itself provided with a restricted opening or jet 51 and liquid tetraethyl lead passes the jet in small drops into a conduit 53 connecting with conduit at such a level that the flowing tetraethyl lead vaporizes.
  • Such aluminum bodies when they are formed or are being formed into airplane wings for example, are subjected to cleaning operations as by sand blasting. Pitting of the bodies is a frequent occurrence and may be avoided by protecting the bodies in the first instance with the cladding metals of this invention. While such generally will not eliminate all necessity for the cleaning operation it will minimize the extent thereof and due to the thinness of the cladding metals to secure the protection the weight of such airplane wings for example will not be materially increased.
  • conduit 53 The lower end of conduit 53 is provided with a- T- connector 55 one arm of which communicates with the plating chamber 7 through a pipe 57 which extends through closure 9.
  • the other arm of the T-connector communicates with chamber 5 and such will be described in detail hereinafter.
  • Conduit 53 is angled downwardly in hood 1 to permit any liquid tetraethyl lead present to flow;
  • the numeral 59 indicates a pipe connected to conduit 53 and pipe 59 with valve 60 open is effective to permit liquid to flow to trap 61 which trap consists of a steel container and is provided with a sight glass 63;
  • a coil 65 for passage of water about trap container 61 provides for maintaining the material passing through pipe 59 in a liquid state.
  • the trap is vented through line 67 to a liquid receiver at 69 for. absorption of gases which may pass the trap.
  • a by-pass line 71 is provided between conduit 39 and 3 jet 51 for the flow of gas through the jet to clean the same; the by-pass is provided with valve 73 for controlling the gas flow.
  • Conduit 75 having valve 77 extends from conduit 39 through conduit 53 to the pressure gauge 79.
  • Valve 77 permits of supplying a positive pressure of nitrogen to the lead tetraethyl plating material, as it is vaporized, to carry the plating gas to the chamber 7.
  • Compartment 3 is maintained at the temperature of about 300 F. in the present embodiment by hot air which is blown into the compartment through the duct indicated at 81 in which the electric heaters 83 are incorporated.
  • compartment 3 is a hot air bath in which the vaporizer line 53 and the plating chamber 7 and associated equipment are housed.
  • a hot air outlet is indicated at 85.
  • Compartment is also suitably maintained at a temperature of about 75 F. by blowing air as required through a conduit 87. Depending upon the conditions of the surrounding atmosphere the air entering the compartment 5 may be heated or cooled as required.
  • the air outlet from compartment 5 is indicated at 89.
  • Compartment 5 contains a vaporizer 91 which in this embodiment is provided with liquid nickel carbonyl, 93.
  • the numeral 95 indicates a flow meter which is connected to the vaporizer by a conduit 97 having valve 99 which valve is accessible from the exterior of the compartment.
  • Valve 96 controls nickel carbonyl flow to chamber 7.
  • Piping 101 extends into the vaporizer and connects to a source 102 of liquid carbonyl through valves 103, 105; the source 102 is positioned in any suitable manner on or adjacent hood 1 externally of the compartment 5.
  • Pressure gauge 104 indicates the pressure in piping 101.
  • Nitrogen is supplied to vaporizer 91 through conduit 107 and valve 108; conduit 107 supplies conduit 39. Most suitably the nitrogen supplied to the equipment passes through a flow meter 109 to permit measurement of theyvolume of carrier gas used.
  • the apparatus with the air baths at operating temperature, is initially supplied with the tetraethyl lead in sufficient quantity to substantially fill the container 21 and to substantially exclude air from the container.
  • the pump 17 is then operated with all valves closed except valve 77 and most of the air is then withdrawn. Nitrogen is then introduced by opening valves 110 and 40 and the nitrogen is drawn through the system.
  • valves 45 and 41 are opened.
  • a nitrogen pressure then exists on the tetraethyl lead and valve 47 is cracked open to permit the liquid to flow slowly.
  • the induction heater coil is preferably brought to a temperature of at least 600 F. prior to the entry of the flow of the plating gas. Most suitably the object 23 has a temperature of 700 F. to 800 F. when the plating gas enters chamber 7.
  • the aluminum object is preferably cleaned of any surface grit or grease prior to plating but it need not and suitably is not de-oxidized.
  • the lead tetraethyl striking the hot aluminum surface decomposes depositing lead.
  • the lead at a temperature of 600' F. is plastic and adheres to the aluminum tenaciously coating the same uniformly.
  • the lead deposited remains plastic but does not become fluid despite the fact that in the higher ranges of temperature the lead is above its normal melting point; as a theory the lead and the. aluminum or the oxide surface ofthe aluminum combine to form an intermetallic phase having a higher melting point than the lead. No evidence of fluidity appears in the product.
  • the amount of the deposit in the above examples was least at 600 F. for the aluminum object and greatest at the higher temperatures and drip rates of the tetraethyl.
  • the coatings were however uniform and it is to be noted that in many instances a very thin coating is to be desired-that is less than one mil-since the adhesion of the subsequently applied nickel depends upon the character of the deposited lead rather than the quantity. However a thickness of about one mil of lead provides a cushion layer which is desirable where the object plated is to be subject to shock.
  • valve 73 is opened and nitrogen is passed through the apparatus to clear the same of all tetraethyl.
  • the temperature of the aluminum object is suitably reduced to about 350 F. by limiting the energy input to the induction coil 21. If desired the temperature of the object may be maintained constant at 600-800 F. during the nickel plating.
  • Valves 40, 77 and 73 are then closed and valves 96, 99 and 108 are opened to pass nitrogen across the nickel carbonyl in vaporizer 91 to sweep the carbonyl to chamber 7.
  • the combined pressure of the nickel carbonyl and nitrogen may suitably be much greater than that with the tetraethyl and if desired may approach atmospheric. This permits faster deposition of nickel and in general a nickel plating time of about two to three minutes to deposit one mil thickness of nickel is satisfactory.
  • the waste products of decomposition of the nickel carbonyl like the waste productsof the decomposition of the lead tetraethyl are drawn off by the vacuum pump operation.
  • the film of nickel covers the lead and is bright silvery. It may upon removal from the equipment be highly polished and it serves to protect the aluminum against corrosion and pitting. Further the adhesion of the nickel to the lead is excellent.
  • Argon gas has been substituted for the nitrogen and has provided good results.
  • Hydrogen while it is useful, tends to be highly heat conductive apparently and at high temperatures of the object above 750' F. intra-gaseous decomposition tends to occur rendering the deposit somewhat non-uniform.
  • Chromium hexacarbonyl may suitably be employed as a substitute for the nickel carbonyl but is more expensive.
  • Other carbonyl compounds as well as the metal hydrides are useful to supply the outer coat but we have found Referring now to Figure 3 a fiat piece of aluminum 118 is coated with lead at 120 and nickel at 122. Such a piece A thick overall and 6" long may be bent double upon itself without disrupting the bond.
  • a composite metallic body comprising a portion containing aluminum having an oxide face sufiicient to interfere with the bonding of other metals to the aluminum, a zone comprising a metallic lead portion having opposed faces one of which is in intimate contact with said face, the other face of the lead being oxide free, and chromium bonded to the lead at the other face.
  • a cladded product comprising aluminum having an 6 oxidic surface, a layer of nickel metal, and interposed between the oxidic surface and the nickel in bonded engagement with each, a layer of lead, the lead layer being of lesser thickness than each of the nickel and aluminum layers and having one face thereof oxide-free and bonded to the nickel.
  • a cladded product comprising aluminum having an oxidic surface, a layer of chromium metal, and interposed between the oxidic surface and the chromium in bonded engagement with each, a layer of lead, the lead layer being of a lesser thickness than each of the chromium and aluminum layers and having one face thereof oxidefree and bonded to the chromium.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
US517208A 1955-06-22 1955-06-22 Composite metal product Expired - Lifetime US2913813A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US517208A US2913813A (en) 1955-06-22 1955-06-22 Composite metal product
US576158A US2813803A (en) 1955-06-22 1956-04-04 Method for the production of composite metallic material
US576201A US2887089A (en) 1955-06-22 1956-04-04 Gas plating apparatus
DEC14196A DE1109002B (de) 1955-06-22 1957-01-05 Verfahren zum Vernickeln oder Verchromen von Aluminiumgegenstaenden durch Gasplattieren

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US517208A US2913813A (en) 1955-06-22 1955-06-22 Composite metal product
US576158A US2813803A (en) 1955-06-22 1956-04-04 Method for the production of composite metallic material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2913813A true US2913813A (en) 1959-11-24

Family

ID=27059073

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US517208A Expired - Lifetime US2913813A (en) 1955-06-22 1955-06-22 Composite metal product
US576158A Expired - Lifetime US2813803A (en) 1955-06-22 1956-04-04 Method for the production of composite metallic material

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US576158A Expired - Lifetime US2813803A (en) 1955-06-22 1956-04-04 Method for the production of composite metallic material

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (2) US2913813A (de)
DE (1) DE1109002B (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3144349A (en) * 1959-04-08 1964-08-11 Ralph F N Swingler Removable protective coating for articles of manufacture, such as aeronautical propeller blades
US3145466A (en) * 1959-11-27 1964-08-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Diffusion bonding of metal members
US3222164A (en) * 1963-10-07 1965-12-07 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Brazing alloy and process using the same
US3257703A (en) * 1961-09-29 1966-06-28 Texas Instruments Inc Composite electrode materials, articles made therefrom and methods of making the same
US3293009A (en) * 1962-05-08 1966-12-20 Nat Res Corp Niobium stannide superconductor product
US3296695A (en) * 1963-11-18 1967-01-10 Handy & Harman Production of plural-phase alloys
US5013381A (en) * 1988-02-03 1991-05-07 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Process for the treatment of a metal oxide layer, a process for bonding a metal object comprising a metal oxide layer and structures produced therefrom

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2884894A (en) * 1956-11-02 1959-05-05 Metallgesellschaft Ag Apparatus for producing hard coatings on workpieces
US2973283A (en) * 1957-10-25 1961-02-28 Engelhard Ind Inc Surface treatment
US3160517A (en) * 1961-11-13 1964-12-08 Union Carbide Corp Method of depositing metals and metallic compounds throughout the pores of a porous body
DE1521400B1 (de) * 1962-06-04 1970-07-16 Philips Nv Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Halbleiterbauelementes
GB1064290A (en) * 1963-01-14 1967-04-05 Motorola Inc Method of making semiconductor devices
NL302321A (de) * 1963-02-08
US3535146A (en) * 1967-05-02 1970-10-20 Aircraft Plating Inc Diffusion coating

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1079035A (en) * 1913-11-18 Lewis B Tebbetts Composite metal article.
US2303869A (en) * 1938-12-07 1942-12-01 Gen Electric Treatment of metals
US2366168A (en) * 1942-05-02 1945-01-02 Dow Chemical Co Bonding magnesium-alloy sheets
US2410850A (en) * 1944-10-05 1946-11-12 Rene D Wasserman Protective covering for welding rods
US2415078A (en) * 1940-07-17 1947-02-04 Becker Gottfried Process for chroming steel articles
US2432657A (en) * 1944-05-27 1947-12-16 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Process of evaporating metals
US2569149A (en) * 1945-10-19 1951-09-25 Joseph B Brennan Bimetallic structure
US2580976A (en) * 1949-09-07 1952-01-01 Ohio Commw Eng Co Apparatus for plating metal strips
US2658266A (en) * 1952-08-07 1953-11-10 Harshaw Chem Corp Laminated coating
US2700365A (en) * 1951-10-08 1955-01-25 Ohio Commw Eng Co Apparatus for plating surfaces with carbonyls and other volatile metal bearing compounds

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1813842A (en) * 1925-07-23 1931-07-07 United Chromium Inc Process of producing protective metal coatings
US2063596A (en) * 1932-02-19 1936-12-08 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Thermal treatment of carbon compounds
US2132613A (en) * 1934-10-05 1938-10-11 Carburants Et Solvants Soc Ind Hydrogenation catalyst
US2649754A (en) * 1949-07-14 1953-08-25 Ohio Commw Eng Co Apparatus for plating metal objects
US2619433A (en) * 1949-07-14 1952-11-25 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of gas plating

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1079035A (en) * 1913-11-18 Lewis B Tebbetts Composite metal article.
US2303869A (en) * 1938-12-07 1942-12-01 Gen Electric Treatment of metals
US2415078A (en) * 1940-07-17 1947-02-04 Becker Gottfried Process for chroming steel articles
US2366168A (en) * 1942-05-02 1945-01-02 Dow Chemical Co Bonding magnesium-alloy sheets
US2432657A (en) * 1944-05-27 1947-12-16 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Process of evaporating metals
US2410850A (en) * 1944-10-05 1946-11-12 Rene D Wasserman Protective covering for welding rods
US2569149A (en) * 1945-10-19 1951-09-25 Joseph B Brennan Bimetallic structure
US2580976A (en) * 1949-09-07 1952-01-01 Ohio Commw Eng Co Apparatus for plating metal strips
US2700365A (en) * 1951-10-08 1955-01-25 Ohio Commw Eng Co Apparatus for plating surfaces with carbonyls and other volatile metal bearing compounds
US2658266A (en) * 1952-08-07 1953-11-10 Harshaw Chem Corp Laminated coating

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3144349A (en) * 1959-04-08 1964-08-11 Ralph F N Swingler Removable protective coating for articles of manufacture, such as aeronautical propeller blades
US3145466A (en) * 1959-11-27 1964-08-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Diffusion bonding of metal members
US3257703A (en) * 1961-09-29 1966-06-28 Texas Instruments Inc Composite electrode materials, articles made therefrom and methods of making the same
US3293009A (en) * 1962-05-08 1966-12-20 Nat Res Corp Niobium stannide superconductor product
US3222164A (en) * 1963-10-07 1965-12-07 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Brazing alloy and process using the same
US3296695A (en) * 1963-11-18 1967-01-10 Handy & Harman Production of plural-phase alloys
US5013381A (en) * 1988-02-03 1991-05-07 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Process for the treatment of a metal oxide layer, a process for bonding a metal object comprising a metal oxide layer and structures produced therefrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1109002B (de) 1961-06-15
US2813803A (en) 1957-11-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2913813A (en) Composite metal product
US2619433A (en) Method of gas plating
US4294871A (en) Method for depositing a layer on the inside of cavities of a work piece
US2300400A (en) Heat corrosion resistant metallic material
US3642519A (en) Method for the development of hard coat seal surfaces
US3438754A (en) Zinc-coated steel with vapor-deposited aluminum overlay and method of producing same
US2333534A (en) First surface mirror
US3123493A (en) Art of bonding of vacuum metallized coatings
US3012904A (en) Oxidizable oxide-free metal coated with metal
US2887089A (en) Gas plating apparatus
US3627561A (en) Process for bonding platinum onto a base metal
US2497119A (en) Method of coating ferrous metals with aluminum
US2381778A (en) Process of producing protected metal articles
US3669719A (en) Composite articles having metallic coating with high temperature lubricity
US2898234A (en) Method of producing composite metallic bodies
US5456950A (en) Molten zinc resistant alloy and its manufacturing method
CA1302805C (en) Liquid film coating of iron-based metals
US3415631A (en) Protective coated article
US2993678A (en) Coated molybdenum article
US2354109A (en) Method of forming selenium coatings
US2990295A (en) Deposition of aluminum
KR20110113190A (ko) 아연계 합금층으로 이산 물품을 코팅하는 방법
US2200909A (en) Metallization of metal articles by cathode disintegration
US1914774A (en) Method of coating vessels
US3475141A (en) Porcelain-enamel on galvanized steels by means of an aluminum coat