UA112689C2 - DEVICES FOR THE TRANSPORT AND CLEANING OF ROOTBULLES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for the transportation and cleaning of root crops that can be used in potato harvesters. Device for transportation and cleaning of root tubers has a feed conveyor, a reflective brush, a roller cleaner formed by two planes arranged at an angle to each other, the apex of which is directed downwards, consisting of pairs of rollers counter-rotating, pivotally mounted activator consists of two upper brushes with long elastic bars and pairs of rollers of smaller diameter, which rotate counter-rotating and create similar planes, the upper general frame of which is kinematically attached and the rotary mechanism of periodic movements, cleansing the bitter and discharge conveyor. Both planes of the activator heap are mounted on top on a separate bracket by means of cylindrical hinges, which is connected to the upper common frame by two tension springs. The lower ends of the planes are connected by a mechanism of change and fixing the distance between them. The use of this device for the transportation and cleaning of root crops will increase the efficiency of cleaning root crops from impurities.

Description

they, almost completely cleaned of soil impurities and plant remains, roll down and fall on the unloading conveyor, and the remaining impurities are finally carried out through the upper part of the cleaning slide by the cloth of the finger cleaning slide.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities, which is caused by the fact that the pile of root and tuber that is cleaned, in fact, during a single contact with the axles and brushes of the activator, is not able to be significantly crushed and effectively divided into separate components. This leads to the fact that a significant part of the pile of root vegetables remains in heaps and is not separated into separate components inside the hollow cone, quickly sinks to the bottom inside the cone, sometimes with a large mass, as a result of which the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities actually remains very low. It is impossible to separate the adhering soil from the side surfaces of the bodies of root crops in this device for transporting and cleaning root crops.

The task of the invention is to improve the quality of cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The task is solved by the fact that in a device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, which consists of a feeding conveyor, a chop brush, a roller cleaner formed by two planes that are located at an angle to each other, the top of which is directed downward, consisting of pairs of rollers that counter-rotating, a rotary pile activator, which also consists of two upper brushes with long elastic rods and pairs of rollers of a smaller diameter, which counter-rotate and create similar planes, the upper common frame of which is kinematically connected to the mechanism of rotary periodic movements, a cleaning slide and an unloading conveyor, according to the invention, both planes of the pile activator are mounted on top of a separate bracket using cylindrical hinges, which is connected to the upper general frame by means of two tension springs, while the lower ends of the planes are connected to each other by a mechanism for changing and fixing the distance between them

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables is schematically shown in the drawing (general side view).

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables consists of a feeding conveyor 1, a chop brush 2, which is installed above the upper end of the conveyor 1, a cylindrical cleaner, which is formed by two planes 3, which are located at an angle to each other, the top of which is directed downwards, and which consist of rollers 4, which rotate in pairs against each other. From the bottom, planes Z are rotatably installed in fixed cylindrical joints, and the upper ones are connected to mechanisms 5, which provide planes 3 with changes in their angles of inclination. Inside the cleaner, that is, in the space between the planes 3, which are located at an angle to each other, and the top of which is directed downwards, the activator 6 is installed with a gap, consisting of pairs of rollers 7, smaller in diameter than the diameters of the rollers 4, which rotate in opposite directions. At the same time, pairs of rollers 7 of the activator b create similar planes, which are the planes of the roller cleaner. From above, above the pairs of rollers 7 on each plane of the activator 6, there are drive brushes 8 with long elastic rods and with downward rotation directions on each side. The upper common frame 9 of the activator also has two planes located at an angle to each other in the upper part and it is rotatably installed in a fixed cylindrical hinge 10 located on top. The common frame 9 contains on one of its upper planes a hinge 11, which with the help of a rod 12 is kinematically 13 rotating periodic movements are attached to the mechanism. At the same time, both planes b of the pile activator with the help of hinges 14 are installed from above on a separate bracket 15, which is connected to the upper common frame 9 by two tension springs 16. The lower ends of the planes 6 are connected to each other by a mechanism 17 for changing and fixing the distance between them. In the lower narrowed part of the roller cleaner, the guide 18 of the root and tuber bodies is immovably fixed, under which the finger cleaning slide 19 is obliquely installed, and the unloading conveyor 20 is located horizontally under its lower end. In the upper part of the device, opposite the feeding conveyor 1 and the chopper brush 2, scrap is immovably fixed 21 arc-shaped. The directions of rotational and rotary periodic movements, as well as the movement of root tuber flows are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. A pile of roots and tubers is fed by the feeding conveyor 1 and with the help of a chopper brush 2 installed above its output end, it is directed inside the roller cleaner which is formed by two planes 3 located at an angle to each other, the top of which is directed downward and consists of pairs of rollers 4, which rotate The elastic rods of the chopper brush 2 partially grind the pile of root vegetables and disperse it into separate components, and the screen 21 of an arc-shaped form prevents the loss of parts of the pile. Once inside the roller cleaner, a part of the pile of root crops, due to the fact that the Z planes create a cleaning channel of a conical shape, sinks down into their narrowed part, comes into contact with pairs of rollers 4, as a result of which soil impurities and plant residues are effectively caught by the rollers 4 and carried outside by them device. The use of mechanisms 5 allows you to change the angles at which planes C are set, that is, to make them more gentle or more vertical. This will contribute to either the slow movement of part of the pile of root vegetables along pairs of rollers 4, or their faster advancement downwards. However, first, parts of the root tuber pile fall on the activator b, which is installed with a gap inside the space between the planes 3. Hitting the upper common frame 9, which has two, located at an angle to each other plane and directed to two sides into the gaps between the pairs of rollers 4 planes C and pairs of rollers 7, which are located on the planes of the activator b, which has the same shape as the roller cleaner. Since the pairs of rollers 7 of the activator 6 have smaller diameters than the diameters of the rollers 4, the parts of the root tuber pile are in the space where the cleaning efforts are created by elements that have different kinematic characteristics. At the same time, soil impurities and plant remains are effectively captured and removed both by pairs of rollers 4 and pairs of rollers 7 (soil impurities captured by pairs of rollers 7 are removed and end up inside the activator 6 and leave it through the lower outlet).

Drive brushes 8 with long elastic rods and with the direction of rotation downwards further grind the parts of the pile of root vegetables, disperse it into separate components and with acceleration direct it into the space between the pairs of rollers 4 and 7. In addition, since the planes formed by the pairs of rollers 7 and of drive brushes 8, fixed on a common frame 9, which is movably installed with the upper part in a stationary cylindrical joint 10 and through the joint 11 and the rod 12 is kinematically connected to the mechanism 13 of rotary periodic movements, then the activator b performs the specified periodic movements, turning in the hinge 10. Thanks because both planes 6 of the pile activator with the help of hinges 14 are installed from above on a separate bracket 15, which is connected to the upper common frame 9 by two tension springs 16, then during forced oscillations of the upper frame 9, with the help of mechanism 13, the lower planes 6 are able to additionally oscillate on tension springs 16. And this, in turn, enables two planes am 6 to "gently" go down and not hard press the parts of the pile of root vegetables to the drive rollers 4 of the planes 3. The tension springs 16 allow, with the general forced oscillations created by the mechanism of oscillatory movements 13, to create not only periodic pushing of parts of the pile in the direction of the vertical axes, as well as periodic oscillations (due to the fact that there are two springs 16) in the transverse plane. As a result, the lower end of the plane 6, which is connected by the mechanism 17 for changing and fixing the distance between them, has the opportunity to alternately approach the plane C of the cleaning channel of the finger cleaner. This creates the conditions for very effective pressing of the bodies of the tubers to the rollers 4, which, together with the rollers 7, are guaranteed to clean the soil stuck to their side surfaces. In addition, due to the fact that the lower ends of the plane 6 are interconnected by the mechanism 17 for changing and fixing the distance between them, the lower part of the activator can change its shape (that is, the angle at which these planes 6 are located). Thus, in the case of separation of a heavy, clogged pile of root vegetables with the help of mechanism 17, the lower ends of the planes b move away from each other, which will provide conditions for reducing the gaps between rollers 7 and planes 3, and, accordingly, rollers 4. In this case, parts of the pile of root vegetables when the planes oscillate 6 in the vertical and horizontal planes will ensure a tighter pressing of pile parts to rollers 4 and 7. Therefore, soil impurities and plant remains will be more intensively captured and removed from the cleaning channel. Thus, in general, the lower end of the activator 6 with its pairs of rollers 7 during oscillating movements in two planes can almost touch the pairs of rollers 4, pressing the parts of the pile of root vegetables between the pairs of rollers 4, actually pressing the parts of the pile of root vegetables between the two activated planes (planes C of the roller cleaner and plane b of the activator). This completely destroys parts of the pile and cleans the adhering soil from the surface of the root tuber bodies. Having descended to the bottom of the body of root and tuber crops, through the immovably fixed guide 18, which is located in the lower narrowed part of the cleaner, they fall onto the canvas of the finger cleaning slide 19, where they are almost completely cleaned of soil impurities and plant residues, roll down and fall on the unloading conveyor 20, and the impurities, which still remain, are finally carried out through the upper part of the finger cleaning slide 19 beyond the limits of the cleaner. The simultaneous use of mechanisms 5 and 17 will make it possible to form different angles (in fact, different shapes) of the finger cleaner and activator, which in general will make it possible to set, depending on the condition of the pile of root vegetables, which is submitted for cleaning, different gaps between rollers 4 and 7. This will ensure high quality cleaning of roots and tubers from impurities in any condition of the pile.

The use of this device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops will improve the quality of cleaning root and tuber crops from impurities.

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