UA111013C2 - Scutching unit for processing of bast raw - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of primary processing bast crops, in particular kudeloprevozitelnogo unit for processing bast raw materials, namely the technology of machining bast raw materials, can be used for rubbing bast raw material to clean fibers from wood and other non-fibrous impurities. The task is to improve the design of the touch unit for processing bast raw materials, in which due to structural features it would be possible to provide effective conditions for breaking the residual bonds between the wood and the fiber of the washed bast raw material, cleaning the fiber from firewood and other non-fibrous impurities , enhancing the processing of other raw materials, ie increasing its versatility and efficiency, and the work of the aggregate. In the mating unit for processing bast raw materials, consisting of a touch drum, which houses the friction strips, above which are the blade knives, and the grille, located under the touch drum, the friction strips have a wavy profile in cross section, and their working edge made by cutting at an obtuse angle relative to the direction of movement of the strips, with the profile of each of the strips offset relative to the profile of the adjacent strips in the half-wave, and the top on the surface of the blade knives made the projection in the form of a rowing In this case, the inside of the touch unit above the touch drum are rotatably mounted on the axes of the roller, and the grille is made with the possibility of moving relative to the touch drum to adjust the gap between the grille and the touch drum. Thus, the application

Description

made with the possibility of movement relative to the heating drum to adjust the gap between the grid and the heating drum. Thus, the use of the proposed design of the knotting unit for the processing of bast raw materials allows to increase the efficiency of breaking residual bonds between wood and fiber of washed bast raw materials, to separate the fiber from the pith and other non-fibrous impurities, which in general increases the efficiency of work of the entire tow preparation unit and determines the possibility of its wide industrial use. pen p a HEAVY n tu N i yah t o

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The invention belongs to the field of primary processing of bast crops, in particular tow preparation unit for processing bast raw materials, namely technology of mechanical processing of bast raw materials, can be used for beating bast washed raw materials for the purpose of cleaning fiber from wood and other non-fibrous impurities.

In Ukraine, the bulk of short flax fiber is produced on the tow preparation lines of primary flax processing enterprises. The well-known tow preparation unit KPML-2M, which consists of a ball-forming mechanism, a grinding machine, heating sections, a shaking machine, and a pneumatic transport system, has a complex three-node heating part.

The main working organs of each pressing unit are two pairs of grooved feeding rollers, one pair of pressing drums and one pair of rebound drums. The heating drums in the first and second nodes have radially placed hammering bars that have slopes at an angle of 30" relative to the direction of movement, and the third beating unit has heating drums of increased diameter with hammering bars at an angle of 30" to the radius. Markov V.V. Primary processing of flax and other flax crops/ Markov V.V. - M.: Light and food industry, 1981. - P. 308-313. - analogues.

The disadvantage of this design of the tying part of the KPML-2M tow preparation unit is a large number of unit components, which causes high metal and energy consumption of the tying part and the line as a whole, does not contribute to equally high-efficiency processing of raw materials, which significantly affects the economic efficiency of the processing process.

Many different methods and devices are known for the production of the same type of fiber.

A characteristic feature of them is that these units are designed for the processing of trampling waste and are not adapted for the direct processing of the stems of the trust. In the crushing process, the wood is broken and destroyed, the bond between the fiber and the wood is broken, and the core is partially removed. This operation is preparatory for the subsequent cleaning of the fiber from the pit in the heating part.

Also known is the tipal-ch-esal part of the unit for extracting the same type of flax fiber, which cleans the fiber from lint and other non-fibrous fabrics. In this part of the unit, the largest amount of firewood is released due to the intensive actions of the heating drum. The working bodies of the tipal drum are radially located punching bars and

From the combs, which alternately affect the layer of the processed material. The heating and combing part of the unit is intended for processing flax with a chaotic arrangement of stalks in the mass, it consists of smooth rollers, a feeding roller, a feeding tray, a heating and combing drum, and a grate. (Gilyazetdinov R.N. Development of the scientific basis for the creation of innovative technologies for the primary processing of bast crops: thesis ... Doctor of Technical Sciences: 05.18.01/ Gilyazetdinov Rubil Nurtdinovich. - Kherson, 2009. - P. 162-165. - analogues

However, the disadvantages of such a tipal--esal part of the unit are its construction, which due to the radial alternating arrangement of billets and ridges does not provide a sufficient effect of cleaning the fiber from wood and other non-fibrous impurities, which in general negatively affects the efficiency of the entire tow preparation unit.

The heating unit is designed for processing flax raw materials in order to break the residual bonds between wood and fiber after the process of crushing flax raw materials, separating the fiber from the pith and other non-fibrous impurities. The heating unit for processing flax raw materials is an integral part of the tow preparation unit, which includes a reel unwinder, a dryer, a keel feeder, a grinding machine, a heating unit, a shaking machine with an upper comb field or a lower comb field.

A well-known carding unit for processing flax raw materials, installed in a tow preparation unit, for carding oil flax, consisting of a carding drum, on which are placed punching bars, the working edge of which has a wavy configuration, above which carding knives are located, and grates placed under tapping drum.

Depending on the quality of the washed linen raw material, different gaps are set, which are equal to each other, between the heating knives and the hammer bars of the heating drum and have several adjustment positions. (Innovative technologies for the production of non-woven and cellulose-containing materials from oilseed flax: Monograph/ L.A. Chursina, G.A. Tikhosova, T, M. Golovenko, T.O. Meyeniailo-

Bass player; under the editorship L.A. Chursina - Kherson: Oldi-plus, 2014. - pp. 55-56, 71-75. - prototypes.

The known typal node is the closest to the invention in terms of technical essence and the result achieved, and can be chosen as a prototype.

However, the disadvantages of such a knotting unit are its construction, which does not provide a sufficient effect of breaking the residual bonds between the wood and the fiber of the washed bast raw material, cleaning the fiber from wood and other non-fibrous impurities, which in general has a negative effect on the efficiency of work of the entire tow preparation unit. In addition, it is designed for the processing of only one type of raw material - oilseed flax.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the design of the carding unit for processing bast raw materials, in which, due to the structural features, it would be possible to provide effective conditions for breaking the residual bonds between the wood and the fiber of the washed bast raw materials, cleaning the fiber from pits and other non-fibrous impurities, expanding the possibilities of processing other types of raw materials, i.e. increasing its versatility and efficiency, as well as the work of the tow preparation unit as a whole.

The task is solved by the fact that in the heating unit for processing bast raw materials, which consists of a heating drum, on which are placed the billets, above which are the billets, and the grids placed under the billet drum, the billets have a wavy profile in the transverse sections, and their working edge is cut at an obtuse angle relative to the direction of motion of the billet strips, while the profile of each billet strip is shifted relative to the profile of the neighboring billet strips by half a wave period, and a ridge-like protrusion is made on top of the surface of the felting knives, while inside the felting unit slatted rollers are mounted above the heating drum with the possibility of rotation on the axes, and the grid is made with the possibility of movement relative to the heating drum to adjust the gap between the grid and the heating drum.

A significant difference from the prototype is that the construction of the sawing unit for processing husk raw materials is carried out in such a way that the cross-section of the bale slats is made in the form of a wavy profile, and their working edge is cut at an obtuse angle relative to the direction of movement of the bale slats. at the same time, the profile of each punching bar is shifted relative to the profile of neighboring punching bars by half a wave period, and on top of the surface of the punching knives there is a ridge in the form of a ridge, while inside the punching unit above the punching drum, slatted rolls are mounted with the possibility of rotation on the axes, and the grid is made with the possibility of movement relative to the heating drum to adjust the gap between the grid and the heating drum.

The use of billet bars having a wavy profile in the cross section, the working edge of which is cut at an obtuse angle relative to the direction of motion of the billet bars, and,

The profile of each of them is shifted relative to the profile of the neighboring billets by half a wave, a ridge in the form of a ridge on top of the surface of the heating knives, inside the heating unit above the heating drum mounted with the possibility of rotation on the axes of the slatted rolls, and the grid, which is made with the possibility of moving relative to the heating of the drum for adjusting the gap between the grate and the drum, allows to increase the effectiveness of the conditions for breaking the residual bonds between the wood and the fiber of the washed bast raw material, the separation of the fiber from the pith and other non-fibrous impurities, increasing its versatility and efficiency, as well as the work tow preparation unit as a whole.

In Fig. 1 schematically presents the design of the sawing unit for processing bast raw materials.

In Fig. 2 schematically presents in an enlarged projection the structural design of the hammer bar and the tipping knife.

In Fig. C shows a cross-section of the hammer bar and the cutting knife B-B.

In Fig. 4 shows the view of the hammer bar from above C-C.

In Fig. 5 shows a cross-section of the 0-0 punching bar.

The heating unit for processing bast raw materials consists of a heating drum 1, a grid 2, which is placed under the heating drum 1, slatted rolls 3, which are mounted with the possibility of rotation on axes and placed inside the heating unit above the heating drum 1. On the heating drum 1, fixed hammer bars 4, which have a wavy profile in the cross section, the working edge of which is cut at an obtuse angle relative to the direction of movement of the hammer bars, above which are placed cutting knives 5, which have a ridge-like projection on top.

The heating unit for processing bast raw materials works as follows.

A layer of bast raw material pre-washed in the milling part of the tow preparation unit is uniformly fed to the processing area of the carding unit with the help of a pair of feeding rollers. The working bodies of the heating drum 1 of the heating assembly for processing bast raw materials are the hammer bars 4 and heating knives 5. The hammer bars 4 and heating knives 5, which are fixed on the heating drum 1, which rotates from the drive, alternately act on the washed material of bast raw material, intercept it, bend it and move it along the layer of bast material. The use of billet slats 4, which have a wavy profile in the cross section, the working edge of which is cut at an obtuse angle relative to the direction of motion of the billet bars, ensures a sufficiently high separation of pith and other non-fibrous impurities from the fiber. Due to the specific configuration of the working edge of the billets 4, the bast material exposed to the action of the billets 4 slides along the working edge, which provides a sliding bend and shift of the fire relative to the fiber, and the fibers, due to their natural flexibility, easily go around the contours of the billets 4, which increases fiber cleaning efficiency. The edge of the working edge of the billet strips 4 is rounded on the radius, which prevents possible significant damage to the fiber. The billet bars 4 on the heating drum 1 are placed so that the profile of each billet bar 4 is shifted relative to the profile of the neighboring billet bars 4 by half a wave period. Thanks to this configuration, a larger zone of exposure to the impact of the slats 4 of the material of the washed bast raw material is provided. The heating knives 5 act on the material of the washed bast raw material, scraping the fire from the surface of the fiber. The heating knives 5 have a protrusion in the form of a ridge on the surface, which creates additional inertial forces and other forces: friction, pressure, tension when the heating knives 5 act on the material of washed bark raw material. When such a protrusion in the form of the comb of the combing knives 5 interacts with the material of the washed bast raw material, the combing material slides along the rounded surface of the crest of the combing knives 5, while the elements of the bask material receive a rotational movement relative to the center of curvature of the crest of the combing knives 5. Due to its natural flexibility, the fiber easily bends the contours of the top of the comb of the cutting knives 5, but the fibers do not bend together with the fiber, but come out of the layer of bark material, which contributes to the separation of the fiber and greatly facilitates its subsequent removal by inertial forces. Due to the change in the direction of the relative speed, there is a change in the absolute speed of the layer elements under the action of the impact bars 4 and the cutting knives 5 with a protrusion in the form of a comb. With a change in the absolute speed of the strand elements at the time of their interaction with the working bodies of the drum 1 of the drum unit for the processing of husk raw materials, there is a great acceleration of the layer elements in the area of interaction. The inertial forces caused by these accelerations reach a significant value and change in proportion to the square of the speed of the working organs of the tamping drum 1. Inertial forces, and together with them other forces: friction, pressure, tension, which arise in the layer during tamping, ensure removal from the processed material of firewood and other non-fibrous impurities.

Thanks to the actions of the hammer bars 4 and the heating knives 5 of the heating drum 1 and the resulting

Due to the centrifugal forces, part of the bark material moves towards the slatted rolls 3, which are placed inside the slatted unit above the slatted drum 1. The slatted material hits the contours of the slats of the slatted rolls 3, thereby knocking out the wick from the layer of bast material. Plank rollers C are not fixed and can rotate around their axis.

Lint separated from the fiber and other non-fibrous impurities are poured through the grate 2, which is placed under the beating drum 1. After beating, the fiber is fed to the shaking part of the tow preparation unit.

In the heating unit due to the possibility of changing the position of the grid 2 relative to the heating drum 1, the gap between the grid 2 and the heating drum 1 is an adjustable value. When the gap is reduced, the degree of fiber cleaning increases due to the increase in the bending angles of the layer along the slats of the grid 2, the increase in forces: friction, pressure, tension, when it is increased, the opposite is true.

The adjustment of the gap between the grid 2 and the drum 1 provides an opportunity to influence the intensity of processing of the bark material depending on its initial state.

When the distance from the feeding node to the treading zone in the heating node is reduced, the quality of fiber cleaning increases. A layer of bast material receives action from the punching bars 4 and the tapping knives 5 of the tapping drum 1 in the event that it is kept in the feeding unit.

Depending on the type of bast material, its condition and quality, it is possible to adjust the clearances between the hammer bars 4 and the heating knives 5 of the heating drum 1.

Due to the change in the rotation frequency of the spinning unit, it is possible to obtain a fiber with a different degree of sharpness. In addition, the structural feature of the punching bars 4 and the cutting knives 5 allows processing of bark material with different technological characteristics. The maximum rotation frequency of the heating drum 1, which is allowed for this design, can practically be used when processing raw materials that have not been properly prepared, as well as raw materials with increased humidity.

Depending on the type and physical and mechanical indicators of the quality of the bast material, one or more combing units can be installed in the tow preparation unit for effective cleaning of the bast raw material from pips and other non-fibrous impurities.

The proposed invention will make it possible to increase the versatility of the typal node for processing the stems of bast crops due to the possibility of processing all types of domestic bast fibrous raw materials.

Thus, the use of the proposed design of the knotting unit for the processing of bast raw materials allows to increase the efficiency of breaking residual bonds between wood and fiber of washed bast raw materials, to separate the fiber from the pith and other non-fibrous impurities, which in general increases the efficiency of work of the entire tow preparation unit and determines the possibility of its wide industrial use.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION A heating unit for processing bast raw materials, consisting of a heating drum, on which are placed the beating slats, above which the beating knives are located, and the grid placed under the beating drum, which is characterized by the fact that the beating bars have a wavy profile in the transverse sections, and their working edge is made by cutting at an obtuse angle relative to the direction of motion of the billet bars, while the profile of each billet bar is shifted relative to the profile of the neighboring billet bars by half a wave period, and a ridge-like protrusion is made on top of the surface of the punching knives, while inside the punching unit slatted rollers are mounted above the heating drum with the possibility of rotation on the axes, and the grid is made with the possibility of movement relative to the heating drum to adjust the gap between the grid and the heating drum. vno tv de t ek Well, ; Not VO DI I VE shi she i - y. осв и / EE / и | in Ya. r IU " "E KV i ' y cha, s : g ge z ; Kk z be sv i g o U -h gu "unonennnhnh CHO enny o "Zovaoovoo zosoovoo she zi. It is blessed that I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I. X so N.V and NO N y MISHKU X clone a Zoya o KN x Mecca and Khan xx all hvy shchi Shi oh no o NN Kn o now is t Da Myh po Z pk "M. Fig. Z RUD EK ee y : Ж ddutlAlAAKA ltt a AAAA ANA AAAAAALAHKAAAAAATAATYA i Be gu y ila Ka nen M I s dgdekttt yuyu tkyyukkya Pk nn kny "eedkevhekveosoyussksuseesosesyukesekoveronsnksi, yu ry ry i y i KZ i y i She v. dya - - is ! g she she she this "horn. Z GA U horn. 5