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TWI549408B - 用於熱負載平衡之設備、方法及系統 - Google Patents

用於熱負載平衡之設備、方法及系統 Download PDF

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TWI549408B
TWI549408B TW100149175A TW100149175A TWI549408B TW I549408 B TWI549408 B TW I549408B TW 100149175 A TW100149175 A TW 100149175A TW 100149175 A TW100149175 A TW 100149175A TW I549408 B TWI549408 B TW I549408B
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phase
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load
power
during
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TW201242233A (en
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大衛W 艾基
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英特爾公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/20Cooling means
    • G06F1/206Cooling means comprising thermal management
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/327Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H02M3/1586Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Description

用於熱負載平衡之設備、方法及系統 發明領域
本發明之實施例係有關於功率變換器,及更明確言之,係有關於熱平衡之直流對直流(DC-DC)變換器。
發明背景
直流對直流(DC-DC)變換器能夠將來自電源供應器的能量從一個電壓及電流位準變換成另一個電壓及電流位準。DC-DC變換器係聯合各種計算系統使用,諸如桌上型電腦、伺服器、及家用電子設備。DC-DC變換器也用在行動電腦系統諸如膝上型電腦、行動電話、個人數位助理器、平板電腦、及遊戲系統。
今日微處理器可耗用100瓦至200瓦功率。DC-DC變換器可用來供電給需要低電壓諸如0.5至2.0伏特(V)及高電流諸如100安培(A)或以上的處理器。又復,目前處理器的需求可以相對高轉換率在相對寬的範圍改變。
多相位DC-DC變換器可用來提供計算系統的高電流低電壓需求。今日多相位DC-DC變換器可使用離散式電感器布局結構,要求大型濾波電容而可能不適合單塊式集積。其它多相位DC-DC變換器可包括多相位變壓器布局結構,未能最大化DC-DC變換器的效率。又,此等多相位DC-DC變換器未能考慮相位分配給該多相位變壓器的順序。
特定計算系統具有不同的電力需求,該等電力需求係基於其目前正在執行的特定任務而起伏波動。計算系統通常產熱而需耗散,耗用電力愈多則產熱愈多。但DC-DC變換器本身也構成必須耗散的熱源。
習知地,於高負載狀況期間,多相位變換器之全部相位操作來供應電力給系統。隨著負載需求的減低,可關閉固定相位來保留電力。但此種解決辦法傾向於將熱負載集中在其餘少數操作相位,結果導致不平衡的熱情況。
依據本發明之一實施例,係特地提出一種設備包含具有多個相位之一多相位功率變換器來供應電力給一負載;於低於100%功率負載狀況期間於一平衡序列中交替地作動及解除作動相位之構件,使得在全部負載狀況下熱負載係均勻地分布橫跨全部相位來最小化系統冷卻需求。
圖式簡單說明
從前文及後文配置及具體實施例之詳細說明部分及申請專利範圍連同附圖一起研讀將可更明瞭本發明,詳細說明部分、申請專利範圍及附圖全部皆形成本發明之揭示內容之一部分。雖然前文及後文書面及例示說明之揭示內容係聚焦在揭示本發明之配置及具體實施例,但顯然須瞭解該等揭示係僅供舉例說明之用,本發明並非囿限於此。
第1圖為依據本發明之一個實施例多相位脈寬調變(PWM)功率變換器之方塊圖;第2圖為時程圖顯示於各個負載狀況期間橫跨各個相位之熱負載分布;及第3圖為依據本發明之一個實施例可運用多相位脈寬調變(PWM)功率變換器之計算系統實例。
詳細說明
描述功率遞送系統,不似目前多相位功率變換器,於該處固定相位被關閉來節電,結果導致熱負載集中在少數相位,本發明之實施例交替作動相位,因而在全部相位上分攤熱負載而減低峰溫。
全文說明書中述及「一個實施例」或「一實施例」表示連結該實施例所述特定特徵、結構、或特性係含括於本發明之至少一個實施例。如此,「於一個實施例中」或「於一實施例中」等術語出現於全文說明書各處並非必要全部皆係指本發明之相同實施例。此外,該等特定特徵、結構、或特性可以任一種適當方式組合於一或多個實施例中。
現在參考第1圖,顯示依據本發明之一個實施例多相位脈寬調變(PWM)功率變換器之方塊圖。顯示之實例包含由三個PWM驅動器101、102、及103所驅動的三個相位。當然,實際上於本發明之範圍內可存在有更多或更少的相位。PWM驅動器101、102、及103各自供應電力給一負載104,諸如計算裝置,可包括桌上型電腦、伺服器、及家用電子設備或行動電腦系統諸如膝上型電腦、行動電話、個人數位助理器、平板電腦、及遊戲系統等。
供應電壓源106可提供給各個PWM驅動器101、102、及103。於本實例中顯示12伏特電源,但也可使用其它適當電壓。一個三輸出閂鎖機構108也可用來供應致能輸入給各個PWM驅動器。相位1致能信號可供給第一PWM驅動器101、相位2致能信號可供給第二PWM驅動器102、及相位3致能信號可供給第三PWM驅動器103。三相位致能信號可以輸入閂鎖108的二相位輸入信號110推衍。閂鎖108可以相變時鐘112計時。
第2圖顯示於該相變時鐘之各個週期針對三個不同負載位準之時程圖。於100%負載,全部三相位皆係隨時作動。因此三個相位各自均勻地產生約33%熱負載。
於中負載位準,針對一給定時鐘週期只有三相位中之二者為作動。但全部三相位係分攤該熱負載。換言之,於該第一時鐘週期期間相位1及相位2為作動,於該第二時鐘週期期間相位2及相位3為作動,於該第三時鐘週期期間相位1及相位3為作動,等。因此,於中負載,總變換器係以熱最大值之約66%操作,但熱負載係均勻分布,三個相位各自約22%。
於低負載位準,針對各個時鐘週期只有一個相位為作動。換言之,於該第一時鐘週期期間只有相位1為作動。於該第二時鐘週期期間只有相位2為作動。於該第三時鐘週期期間只有相位3為作動,等。因此,於低負載,總變換器係以熱最大值之約33%操作,但熱負載係均勻分布,三個相位各自約11%。如此,於任何給定負載狀況下,各相係以平衡方式產熱。
第3圖顯示系統400之一實施例,系統400包括電源401來提供來源電壓VSOURCE、電壓調節器或變換器402。如第1圖所示,電壓調節器可以是熱平衡調節器,且係以第2圖所示方式操作。電壓調節器402可接收VSOURCE及提供輸出電壓V1、V2及V3。系統400也包括處理單元410、記憶體裝置420、記憶體控制器430、圖形控制器440、輸入/輸出(I/O)控制器450、顯示器或觸控螢幕452、鍵盤454、指標裝置456、周邊裝置458、及匯流排460。系統400可包括其上定位系統400之若干組件的電路板404。第3圖顯示一個實例,於該處V1、V2及V3係供給處理單元410。於若干實施例中,輸出可提供給系統400之其它組件。
處理單元410可處理透過匯流排460傳送至及來自其它組件的資料。處理單元410可包括通用處理器或特定應用積體電路(ASIC)。處理單元410可以是單核心處理單元或多核心處理單元。
第3圖顯示一個實例,於該處電壓調節器402可含括於單一組件內,例如電壓調節器402可含括於IC封裝體412內。IC封裝體412可包括耦接至一晶粒的封裝體基體414,至少部分電壓調節器402可形成在該晶粒上。於若干實施例中,電壓調節器402可以是分開的多個組件。舉例言之,部分電壓調節器402可形成在IC封裝體412的晶粒上,而其餘電壓調節器402可在晶粒外部而在電路板404上。於另一個實例中,部分電壓調節器402可形成在一晶粒上,而電壓調節器402之一或多個電感器及電容器可形成在部分封裝體基體414上。
系統400可包括電腦(例如桌上型電腦、膝上型電腦、手持裝置、平板電腦、伺服器、網路設施、路由器等)、無線通訊裝置(例如小區式電話、無線電話、傳呼機、個人數位助理器等)、電腦相關周邊裝置(例如印表機、掃描器、監視器等)、娛樂裝置(例如電視機、收音機、立體音響、錄音帶及光碟播放器、錄放影機、攝錄放影機、數位相機、MP3(動畫專家群,音訊層3)播放器、視訊遊戲、手錶等)及其類。
如此,依據實施例,一致地平衡熱負載的切換模式變換器在該功率切換電路之全部相位間交替來於全部負載狀況下,在該電路之全部組件上提供一致的溫度升高。於低負載狀況期間,典型地相位係維持閑置而負載係僅只集中在該作動相位上,冷卻需求(氣流等)係基於該作動相位之溫度。藉由於一平衡序列中交替該等作動相位,在全部負載狀況下熱負載係均勻地分布橫跨全部相位來最小化系統冷卻需求。
前文本發明之具體實施例之詳細說明部分包括發明摘要說明部分絕非意圖為排它性或限制本發明於所揭示的精確形式。雖然本發明之特定實施例及其實例係於此處描述用於例示說明目的,但如熟諳技藝人士瞭解,於本發明之範圍內各個相當修改係屬可能。
鑑於前文詳細說明部分對本發明做出此等修改。但於如下申請專利範圍使用之術語不應解譯為限於本發明於說明書及申請專利範圍揭示之特定實施例。反而本發明之範圍係全然由如下申請專利範圍決定,申請專利範圍係依據 已確立的申請專利範圍解譯原則解譯。
101-103‧‧‧脈寬調變(PWM)驅動器
104‧‧‧負載
106‧‧‧供應電壓源
108‧‧‧三輸出閂鎖機構
110‧‧‧二相位輸入信號
112‧‧‧相變時鐘
400‧‧‧系統
401‧‧‧電源
402‧‧‧電壓調節器或變換器
404‧‧‧電路板
410‧‧‧處理單元
412‧‧‧IC封裝體
414‧‧‧封裝體基體
420‧‧‧記憶體裝置
430‧‧‧記憶體控制器
440‧‧‧圖形控制器
450‧‧‧輸入/輸出(I/O)控制器
452‧‧‧顯示器或觸控螢幕
454‧‧‧鍵盤
456‧‧‧指標裝置
458‧‧‧周邊裝置
460‧‧‧匯流排
第1圖為依據本發明之一個實施例多相位脈寬調變(PWM)功率變換器之方塊圖;第2圖為時程圖顯示於各個負載狀況期間橫跨各個相位之熱負載分布;及第3圖為依據本發明之一個實施例可運用多相位脈寬調變(PWM)功率變換器之計算系統實例。
101-103‧‧‧脈寬調變(PWM)驅動器
104‧‧‧負載
106‧‧‧供應電壓源
108‧‧‧三輸出閂鎖機構
110‧‧‧二相位輸入信號
112‧‧‧相變時鐘

Claims (12)

  1. 一種用於熱負載平衡之設備,其係包含:具有多個相位之一多相位功率變換器,其用以供應電力給一負載;於低於100%功率負載狀況期間於一平衡序列中交替地作動及解除作動相位之構件,使得在全部負載狀況下熱負載係均勻地分布橫跨全部相位來最小化系統冷卻需求;其中該多相位功率變換器包含至少一第一相位、一第二相位、及一第三相位,其中於一高功率負載位準,在各個相變時鐘週期期間,相位1、相位2、及相位3皆係為作用態,於一中功率負載位準,在各個時鐘週期期間,該等三個相位中之不同的二者係為作用態,及於一低功率負載位準,在各個時鐘週期期間,該等三個相位中之不同的一者係為作用態。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備,其中用以於一平衡序列中交替地作動及解除作動相位之該構件包含具有一相變時鐘之一閂鎖機構。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備,其中該等三個相位各自包含一脈寬調變(PWM)驅動器來供應電力給該負載。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之設備,其中該多相位功率變換器供應電力給桌上型電腦、膝上型電腦、手持裝置、平板電腦、伺服器、網路設施、路由器、及無線通訊裝置 中之一者。
  5. 一種用於熱負載平衡之方法,其係包含:提供具有多個相位之一多相位功率變換器來供應電力給一負載;以及於低於100%功率負載狀況期間於一平衡序列中交替地作動及解除作動相位,使得在全部負載狀況下熱負載係均勻地分布橫跨全部相位來最小化系統冷卻需求,其中該多相位功率變換器包含至少一第一相位、一第二相位、及一第三相位,於一高功率負載位準,在各個相變時鐘週期期間作動全部三個相位;於一中功率負載位準,在各個時鐘週期期間作動該等三個相位中之不同的二者,及於一低功率負載位準,在各個時鐘週期期間作動該等三個相位中之不同的一者。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其係進一步包含使用一相變時鐘及一閂鎖機構來於一平衡序列中交替地作動及解除作動相位。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其係進一步包含針對該等三個相位各自提供一脈寬調變(PWM)驅動器來供應電力給該負載。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中該多相位功率變換器供應電力給桌上型電腦、膝上型電腦、手持裝置、平板電腦、伺服器、網路設施、路由器、及無線通訊裝置 中之一者。
  9. 一種用於熱負載平衡之系統,其係包含:一計算平台;具有多個相位之一多相位功率變換器,其用以於各個負載位準供應電力給該計算平台;用以於低於100%功率負載狀況期間於一平衡序列中交替地作動及解除作動相位之構件,使得在全部負載狀況下熱負載係均勻地分布橫跨全部相位來最小化系統冷卻需求,其中該多相位功率變換器包含至少一第一相位、一第二相位、及一第三相位,其中於一高功率負載位準,在各個相變時鐘週期期間,相位1、相位2、及相位3皆係為作用態;及其中於一中功率負載位準,在各個時鐘週期期間,該等三個相位中之不同的二者係為作用態,且於一低功率負載位準,在各個時鐘週期期間,該等三個相位中之不同的一者係為作用態。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統,其中用以於一平衡序列中交替地作動及解除作動相位之該構件包含具有一相變時鐘之一閂鎖機構。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統,其中該等三個相位各自包含一脈寬調變(PWM)驅動器來供應電力給該負載。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第9項之系統,其中該計算平台包含桌上型電腦、膝上型電腦、手持裝置、平板電腦、伺服器、 網路設施、路由器、及無線通訊裝置中之一者。
TW100149175A 2011-04-01 2011-12-28 用於熱負載平衡之設備、方法及系統 TWI549408B (zh)

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