TWI433674B - 環杷明(cyclopamine)類似物類 - Google Patents
環杷明(cyclopamine)類似物類 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI433674B TWI433674B TW096149773A TW96149773A TWI433674B TW I433674 B TWI433674 B TW I433674B TW 096149773 A TW096149773 A TW 096149773A TW 96149773 A TW96149773 A TW 96149773A TW I433674 B TWI433674 B TW I433674B
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- alkyl
- mmol
- group
- reaction
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- QASFUMOKHFSJGL-LAFRSMQTSA-N Cyclopamine Chemical class C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CC2=C3C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@@]13O[C@@H]2C[C@H](C)CN[C@H]2[C@H]1C QASFUMOKHFSJGL-LAFRSMQTSA-N 0.000 title description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 116
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 89
- -1 -OR Chemical group 0.000 claims description 71
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004446 heteroarylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HEGGFRHWKDWLQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NS(=O)(=O)NN=S(=O)=O Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)NN=S(=O)=O HEGGFRHWKDWLQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 4-[[(3ar,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13as)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-3a-[(5-methylpyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-propan-2-yl-4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-3h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical group N([C@@]12CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@H]5C(C)(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C(O)=O)CC[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@H]3C1=C(C(C2)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)C1=CN=CC(C)=C1 QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonylurea Chemical compound OC(=N)N=S(=O)=O YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 146
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 112
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 80
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 73
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 65
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 63
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 59
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 38
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 27
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 24
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 24
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 22
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005888 cyclopropanation reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000037353 metabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 19
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 230000003637 steroidlike Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 13
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 13
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-ynyl-1H-purine-6,8-dione Chemical compound NC=1NC(C=2N(C(N(C=2N=1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)F)CO)=O)CC#C)=O TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- 229940125851 compound 27 Drugs 0.000 description 9
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- UDQTXCHQKHIQMH-KYGLGHNPSA-N (3ar,5s,6s,7r,7ar)-5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(ethylamino)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3ah-pyrano[3,2-d][1,3]thiazole-6,7-diol Chemical compound S1C(NCC)=N[C@H]2[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(F)F)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O UDQTXCHQKHIQMH-KYGLGHNPSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 229940125936 compound 42 Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 7
- OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoac etoac Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.CCOC(C)=O OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diiodomethane Chemical compound ICI NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Chemical group C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006049 ring expansion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 5
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-VMNATFBRSA-N methanol-d1 Chemical compound [2H]OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-VMNATFBRSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical group C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N [(1s,3r,4ar,7s,8s,8as)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2s)-2-methylbutanoate Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=C[C@H]2C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)CC1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005910 alkyl carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940050390 benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- HSDAJNMJOMSNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloroformate Chemical compound ClC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 HSDAJNMJOMSNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940127204 compound 29 Drugs 0.000 description 4
- QASFUMOKHFSJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopamine Natural products C1C=C2CC(O)CCC2(C)C(CC2=C3C)C1C2CCC13OC2CC(C)CNC2C1C QASFUMOKHFSJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 4
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/10—Spiro-condensed systems
-
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4747—Quinolines; Isoquinolines spiro-condensed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4355—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having oxygen as a ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/17—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having the group >N—C(O)—N< or >N—C(S)—N<, e.g. urea, thiourea, carmustine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/196—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino group being directly attached to a ring, e.g. anthranilic acid, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, chlorambucil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
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Description
本申請案請求於2006年12月28日提出申請之USSN 60/878,018和於2007年6月1日提出申請之USSN 60/941,596的優先權,該兩件申請案係完全併入本申請案中以作為參考。
本發明大抵關於環杷明(cyclopamine)類似物類及其醫藥組成物以及製備該類似物類及組成物之方法。該等化合物及組成物可用於治療由猬(hedgehog)代謝途徑所中介之病症。
於某些癌症中抑制猬代謝途徑已顯示能抑制腫瘤生長。例如,抗猬抗體已顯示能拮抗猬代謝途徑之功能並能抑制腫瘤生長。小分子對猬代謝途徑活性之抑制作用亦已顯示能造成許多種癌之細胞死亡。
此領域之研究已主要集中在闡釋猬代謝途徑生物學及開發新穎之猬代謝途徑抑制劑。雖然已確認猬代謝途徑之數種抑制劑,但是仍需要確認更多有效之猬代謝途徑抑制劑。
本發明關於甾族生物鹼(諸如環杷明)之類似物類、含有該等化合物之醫藥組成物及製備該等化合物之方法。於一較佳體系中,本發明關於下式結構所示之化合物:
或其藥學上可接受之鹽;其中R1
係H、烷基、-OR、胺基、磺醯胺基、磺醯二胺基、-OC(O)R5
、-N(R5
)C(O)R5
或糖;R2
係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、腈或雜環烷基;或R1
和R2
一起形成=O、=S、=N(OR)、=N(R)、=N(NR2
)或=C(R)2
;R3
係H、烷基、烯基或炔基;R4
係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基、雜芳烷基、鹵烷基、-OR、-C(O)R5
、-CO2
R5
、-SO2
R5
、-C(O)N(R5
)(R5
)、-[C(R)2
]q
-R5
、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)O]q
R5
、-[(W)-OC(0)]q
R5
、-[(W)-SO2
]q
R5
、-[(W)-N(R5
)SO2
]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)N(R5
)]q
R5
、
-[(W)-O]q
R5
、-[(W)-N(R)]q
R5
、-W-NR3 +
X-
或-[(W)-S]q
R5
;其中每個W係各別為二價基;每個q係各別為1、2、3、4、5或6;X-
係鹵化物;每個R5
係各別為H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基、雜芳烷基或-[C(R)2
]p
-R6
;其中p係0至6;或任兩個R5
可一起形成4至8員且含有0至3個選自N、O、S或P之雜原子的可選擇經取代之環;每個R6
係各別為羥基、-N(R)COR、-N(R)C(O)OR、-N(R)SO2
(R)、-C(O)N(R)2
、-OC(O)N(R)(R)、-SO2
N(R)(R)、-N(R)(R)、-COOR、-C(O)N(OH)(R)、-OS(O)2
OR、-S(O)2
OR、-OP(O)(OR)(OR)、-NP(O)(OR)(OR)或-P(O)(OR)(OR);且每個R係各別為H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基或芳烷基。
於某些較佳體系中,R1
係H、羥基、烷氧基、芳氧基或胺基;R1
和R2
一起形成=O、=N(OR)或=S;R3
係H;R4
係H、烷基、羥基、芳烷基、-[C(R)2
]q
-R5
、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]q
R5
、-[(W)-N(R)SO2
]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)N(R)]q
R5
、-[(W)-O]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)]q
R5
或-[(W)-C(O)O]q
R5
;R1
係H或-OR且R2
係H或烷基;R3
係H或烷基且R2
係H或烷基;R1
和R2
一起形成=O、
=N(OR)或=S且R3
係H;R4
係H、烷基、-OR、芳烷基、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]q
R5
、-[(W)-N(R)SO2
]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)N(R)]q
R5
、-[(W)-O]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)]q
R5
或-[(W)-C(O)O]q
R5
且R3
係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基或芳烷基;及/或R4
係H、烷基、芳烷基、-[(W)-C(O)N(R)]q
R5
或-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]q
R5
。於某些較佳體系中,R1
係磺醯胺基。
於另一較佳體系中,本發明關於選自下述之化合物:
於某些較佳體系中,上述之化合物係經分離。
於另一較佳體系中,本發明關於選自下述經分離之化合物:
於另一較佳體系中,本發明關於下式結構所示之化合物:
或其藥學上可接受之鹽;
其中R1
係H、烷基、-OR、胺基、磺醯胺基、磺醯二胺基、-OC(O)R5
、-N(R5
)C(O)R5
或糖;R2
係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、腈或雜環烷基;或R1
和R2
一起形成=O、=S、=N(OR)、=N(R)、=N(NR2
)或=C(R)2
;R3
係H、烷基、烯基或炔基;R4
係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基、雜芳烷基、鹵烷基、-OR、-C(O)R5
、-CO2
R5
、-SO2
R5
、-C(O)N(R5
)(R5
)、-[C(R)2
]q
-R5
、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)O]q
R5
、-[(W)-OC(O)]q
R5
、-[(W)-SO2
]q
R5
、-[(W)-N(R5
)SO2
]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)N(R5
)]q
R5
、-[(W)-O]q
R5
、-[(W)-N(R)]q
R5
、-W-NR3 +
X-
或-[(W)-S]q
R5
;其中每個W於各別出現時係各別為二價基;每個q於各別出現時係各別為1、2、3、4、5或6;X-
係鹵化物;每個R5
於各別出現時係各別為H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基、雜芳烷基或-[C(R)2
]p
-R6
;其中p係0至6;或任兩個R5
可一起形成4至8員且含有0至3個選自N、O、S或P之雜原子的可選擇經取代之環;每個R6
係各別為羥基、-N(R)COR、-N(R)C(O)OR、-N(R)SO2
(R)、-C(O)N(R)2
、-OC(O)N(R)(R)、-SO2
N(R)(R)
、-N(R)(R)、-COOR、-C(O)N(OH)(R)、-OS(O)2
OR、-S(O)2
OR、-OP(O)(OR)(OR)、-NP(O)(OR)(OR)或-P(O)(OR)(OR);每個R7
和R7’
係H;或R7
和R7’
一起形成=O;R8
和R9
係H;或R8
和R9
一起形成鍵結;每個R係各別為H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基或芳烷基;且唯其當R3
、R4
、R8
及R9
係H且R7
和R7’
一起形成=O時,R1
不可為羥基且R2
不可為H;唯其當R3
、R4
、R8
及R9
係H且R7
和R7’
一起形成=O時,R1
不可為乙酸酯且R2
不可為H;唯其當R3
、R4
、R8
及R9
係H且R7
和R7’
係H時,R1
和R2
一起不可為=O;且唯其當R3
、R4
、R8
及R9
係H且R7
和R7’
係H時,R1
和R2
不可為H。
於其他較佳體系中,R4
係烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基、雜芳烷基、鹵烷基、-OR、-[C(R)2
]q
-R5
、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)O]q
R5
、-[(W)-OC(O)]q
R5
、-[(W)-SO2
]q
R5
、-[(W)-N(R5
)SO2
]q
R5
、-[(W)-C(O)N(R5
)]q
R5
、-[(W)-O]q
R5
、-[(W)-N(R)]q
R5
或-[(W)-S]q
R5
;R1
和R2
-起形成=O或=N(OR);R7
和R7’
係H;R1
和R2
一起形成=O或=N(OR);且R7
及/或R7’
係H。
於另一較佳體系中,本發明關於選自下述之化合物:
於某些較佳體系中,上述之化合物係差向立體異構性純的。
於某些較佳體系中,上述之化合物係經分離。
於另一較佳體系中,本發明關於選自下述之差向立體異構性純的化合物:
本發明之另一方面關於醫藥組成物,其包含任一上述之化合物及藥學上可接受之賦形劑。
本發明之另一方面關於製備藜蘆屬甾族生物鹼(諸如
環杷明)之衍生物之方法。
於一較佳體系中,本發明關於製備具有下述結構式136之環杷明環丙基衍生物類及相關類似物類之方法;
其中Y係CR7
R8
;R1
係H、烷基、胺基、羥基、羧基、氨基甲醯基、烷氧基、羥基、糖或經保護之羥基;R2
係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、腈、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基;或R1
和R2
一起形成=O、=S、=N(OR9
)、=N(R9
)、=C(R9
)2
或=N(N(R9
)2
);每個R3
、R4
及R5
於各別出現時係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基;或R3
和R4
或R4
和R5
一起形成鍵結;R6
係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基、雜芳烷基、鹵烷基、-OR9
、-C(O)R9
、-CO2
R9
、-SO2
R9
、-C(O)N(R9
)(R9
)、-[C(R9
)2
]q
R9
、-[(W)-N(R9
)C(O)]q
R9
、-[(W)-C(O)]q
R9
、-[(W)-C(O)O]q
R9
、-[(W)-OC(O)]q
R9
、-[(W)-SO2
]q
R9
、-[(W)-N(R9
)SO2
]q
R9
、-[(W)-C(O)N(R9
)]q
R9
、-[(W)-O]q
R9
、-[(W)-N(R9
)]q
R9
、
-[(W)-S]q
R9
或氮保護基;其中每個W係各別為二價基;每個q係各別為1、2、3、4、5或6;每個R7
和R8
係各別為H、烷基、烯基、芳基、腈、醯胺基、鹵化物或酯;且每個R9
係各別為H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基。
該方法包括令式136a之化合物與鹵烷基磷酸鋅環丙烷化劑接觸以生成式136之化合物之步驟:
其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
及R6
係如上述所定義者。
於另一較佳體系中,本發明提供供製備式137之化合物之方法:
其中
Y係CR7
R8
;R1
係H、烷基、胺基、羥基、羧基、氨基甲醯基、烷氧基、羥基、糖或經保護之羥基;R2
係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、腈、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基;或R1
和R2
一起形成=O、=S、=N(OR9
)、=N(R9
)、=C(R9
)2
或=N(N(R9
)2
);每個R3
、R4
及R5
於每次出現時係各別為H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基;或R3
和R4
或R4
和R5
一起形成鍵結;R6
係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基、雜芳烷基、鹵烷基、-OR9
、-C(O)R9
、-CO2
R9
、-SO2
R9
、-C(O)N(R9
)(R9
)、-[C(R9
)2
]q
R9
、-[(W)N(R9
)C(O)]q
R9
、-[(W)-C(O)]q
R9
、-[(W)-C(O)O]q
R9
、-[(W)-OC(O)]q
R9
、-[(W)-SO2
]q
R9
、-[(W)-N(R9
)SO2
]q
R9
、-[(W)-C(O)N(R9
)]q
R9
、-[(W)-O]q
R9
、-[(W)-N(R9
)]q
R9
、-[(W)-S]q
R9
或氮保護基;其中每個W係各別為二價基;每個q係各別為1、2、3、4、5或6;每個R7
和R8
於每次出現時係各別為H、烷基、烯基、芳基、腈、醯胺基、鹵化物或酯;且每個R9
係各別為H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基。該方法包含下述之步驟:首先令式137a之化合物:
其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
及R6
係如上述所定義者;與鹵烷基磷酸鋅環丙烷化劑接觸以生成式137b之化合物:
其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
及Y係如上述所定義者;及,隨後令該式137b之化合物與酸接觸以生成該式137之化合物。
於某些較佳體系中,R7
和R8
可皆為H;於其他較佳體系中,R1
可為經保護之羥基;及/或R6
係氮保護基。
於某些較佳體系中,該鹵烷基磷酸鋅環丙烷化劑之生成係藉由結合式141a之磷酸、二烷基鋅及式141b之二鹵烷:
其中每個X和X’於每次出現時係各別為氯化物、溴化物或碘化物;每個R7
和R8
於每次出現時係各別為H、烷基、鹵化物、醯胺基或酯;每個R10
和R11
係各別為烷基、烯基、芳烷基、芳基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基;或R10
和R11
一起具有式141c、141d或141e之結構:
其中m於每次出現時係各別為0、1、2、3或4;n於每次出現時係各別為0、1或2;且每個R12
、R13
、R14
、R15
、R16
、R17
及R18
於每次出現時係各別為烷基、芳基、芳烷基或鹵化物。
於另一較佳體系中,本發明關於製備式142之化合物之方法:
該方法包含下述之步驟:令式142a之化合物與環丙烷化劑接觸以生成式142b之化合物;
及令式142b之化合物與酸結合以生成式142之化合物;其中Y係CR7
R8
;R1
係經保護之羥基;R2
係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基;每個R3
、R4
及R5
於每次出現時係各別為H、烷基
、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基;或R3
和R4
或R4
和R5
一起形成鍵結;R6
係氮保護基;每個R7
和R8
於每次出現時係各別為H、烷基、烯基、芳基、腈、醯胺基、鹵化物或酯;且每個R9
係各別為H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基。
於某些較佳體系中,R7
和R8
可皆為H;於其他較佳體系中,該經保護之羥基可為酯或碳酸酯;該氮保護基可為氨基甲酸酯或醯胺;R7
和R8
可皆為H且該氮保護基可為氨基甲酸酯或醯胺;R2
和R3
可為H且R4
和R5
一起可形成鍵結;及/或該環丙烷化劑係自二鹵烷和金屬物質(例如二烷基鋅或鋅銅偶合物)所生成。
於某些較佳體系中,該環丙烷化劑係自二鹵烷物質、二烷基鋅物質及磷酸物質或其鹽所生成。該磷酸物質可具有式151之結構或其鹽:
其中每個R10
和R11
係各別為烷基、烯基、芳烷基、芳基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基;或R10
和R11
一起具有式151a、151b或151c之結構:
其中m於每次出現時係各別為0、1、2、3或4;n於每次出現時係各別為0、1或2;每個R12
、R13
、R14
、R15
、R16
、R17
及R18
於每次出現時係各別為烷基、芳基、芳烷基或鹵化物。
於某些較佳體系中,該酸係Bronsted氏酸(例如乙酸、三氟甲烷磺酸、磷酸、甲烷磺酸或HCl)。
於其他較佳體系中,該酸係Lewis氏酸(例如BF3
、氯化鋅、甲烷磺酸鋅或鋅鹽)。
本發明亦關於製備式156之化合物之方法:
該方法包含下述之步驟:令式156a之化合物與環丙烷化劑接觸以生成式156b
之化合物;
及令該式156b之化合物與酸結合以生成該式156之化合物;其中R1
係選自甲酸酯、乙酸酯、氯乙酸酯、二氯乙酸酯、三氯乙酸酯、特戊酸酯、苯甲酸酯、碳酸烷酯、碳酸烯酯、碳酸芳酯、碳酸芳烷酯、碳酸2,2,2-三氯乙酯、烷氧基甲醚、芳烷氧基甲醚、烷硫基甲醚、芳烷硫醚、芳硫醚、三烷基甲矽烷醚、烷基芳基甲矽烷醚、二苄醚、芳甲醚或烯丙醚之氧保護基;且R2
係選自甲醯基、氯乙醯基、三氯乙醯基、三氟乙醯基、苯基乙醯基、苯甲醯基、氨基甲酸烷酯、氨基甲酸芳烷酯、氨基甲酸芳酯、烯丙基、芳烷基、三芳基甲基、烷氧基
甲基、芳烷氧基甲基、N
-2-氰基乙基或三烷基甲矽烷基之氮保護基。
於某些較佳體系中,該環丙烷化劑係藉由結合式158a之磷酸、二烷基鋅及式158b之二鹵烷所生成:
其中每個X和X’於每次出現時係各別為氯化物、溴化物或碘化物;每個R7
和R8
於每次出現時係各別為H、烷基、鹵化物、醯胺基或酯;每個R10
和R11
係各別為烷基、烯基、芳烷基、芳基、雜芳基或雜芳烷基;或R10
和R11
一起具有式158c、158d或158e之結構:
其中m於每次出現時係各別為0、1、2、3或4;n於每次出現時係各別為0、1或2;每個R12
、R13
、R14
、R15
、R16
、
R17
及R18
於每次出現時係各別為烷基、芳基、芳烷基或鹵化物。
於某些較佳體系中,該氧保護基係碳酸烷酯、碳酸芳烷酯、苯甲酸酯、特戊酸酯或甲酸酯及/或於其他較佳體系中,該氧保護基可為特戊酸酯或碳酸苄氧酯。
該氮保護基可為苯甲醯基、三氯乙醯基、三氟乙醯基、甲醯基、氨基甲酸烷酯、氨基甲酸芳烷酯、氨基甲酸芳酯或氨基甲酸苄氧酯。
所使用之術語/用語之定義係表示含括每一個術語/用語於化學及藥學領域中現在技藝所確認之定義。其中適當的係提供例示說明。除非於特定實例中有所限制,該術語/用語之定義係適用於本說明書全文中所述及者,其含括個別述及者或為較大基團之一部者。
如本文所述及者,當每一個術語/用語(例如烷基、m、n等)於任一結構中係出現超過一次時,其定義係獨立於相同術語/用語於同一結構中之定義。
"醯基胺基"係指可由下述通式所代表之部分:
其中R50係如下述所定義者且R54代表氫、烷基、烯基或-(CH2
)m
-R61,其中m和R61係如下述所定義者。
"烯基"和"炔基"係指未飽和之脂族基,其含有類似上述烷基之鏈長和可能之取代基且分別含有至少一個雙鍵和三鍵。
"烷氧基"係指連接氧基之上述烷基。代表性烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、特丁氧基及類似基。
"烷基"係指飽和脂族基,其包括直鏈烷基、支鏈烷基、環烷基(脂環基)、經烷基取代之環烷基及經環烷基取代之烷基。於某些較佳體系中,直鏈或支鏈烷基於其骨架含有30個或少於30個碳原子(例如直鏈係C1至C30碳原子且支鏈係C3至C30碳原子)且較佳地20個或少於20個碳原子。同樣地,某些環烷基於其環結構含有3至10個碳原子且較佳地含有5、6或7個碳原子。
"烷硫基"係指連接硫基之上述烷基。於某些較佳體系中,該"烷硫基"代表-S-烷基、-S-烯基、-S-炔基或-S-(CH2
)m
-R61,其中m和R61係定義如下。代表性烷硫基包括甲硫基、乙硫基及類似基。
"醯胺基"係指經胺基取代之羰基且包括可由下述通式所代表之部分:
其中R50和R51係如下述所定義者。於本發明中醯胺之某些較佳體系將不包括可能為不安定之醯亞胺。
"胺"和"胺基"係指未經取代及經取代之胺,例如可由下述通式所代表之部分:
其中R50、R51及R52係各別代表氫、烷基、烯基或-(CH2
)m
-R61,或R50和R51及與彼等連接之氮原子一起形成於環結構中含有4至8個原子之雜環;R61代表芳基、環烷基、環烯基、雜環或多環;且m係0或1至8之整數。於其他較佳體系中,R50和R51(及可選擇地R52)係各別代表氫、烷基、烯基或-(CH2
)m
-R61。因此,"烷基胺"包括連接經取代或未經取代之烷基的上述胺基,即R50和R51中至少一個係烷基。
本文所使用之"芳烷基"係指經芳基(例如芳族基或雜芳族基)取代之烷基。
本文所使用之"芳基"包括可含括0至4個雜原子之5、6及7員單環芳族基,例如苯、蒽、萘、芘、吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、咪唑、噁唑、噻唑、三唑、吡唑、吡啶、吡嗪、噠嗪、嘧啶及類似物。該等於環結構中含有雜原子之芳基亦可稱為"芳基雜環"或"雜芳族"。該等芳族環於一或多個環位置上可經上述之取代基(例如鹵、疊氮化物、烷基
、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、羥基、烷氧基、胺基、硝基、氫硫基、亞胺基、醯胺基、膦酸酯基、次膦酸酯基、羰基、羧基、甲矽烷基、醚、烷硫基、磺醯基、磺醯胺基、酮、醛、酯、雜環基、芳族或雜芳族部分、-CF3
、-CN或類似物)取代。''芳基"亦包括含有兩個或多個環之多環系統且於該等環中兩個或多個碳原子係為兩個相連接之環(該環係"稠合環")所共有,其中該等環中至少一個係芳族環,例如其他環可為環烷基、環烯基、環炔基、芳基及/或雜環基。
"Bronsted氏酸"係指可作為氫離子(質子)供給者之任何物質。
"羧基"包括可由下述通式所代表之部分:
其中X50係鍵結或代表氧或硫,且R55和R56係各別代表氫、烷基、烯基、-(CH2
)m
-R61或藥學上可接受之鹽,其中m和R61係如上述所定義者。
"二價基"係指任何源自於烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基及雜芳烷基之一系列二價基團。例如係烷基二價基;亦為烷基二價基;係芳烷基二價基;且係(烷基)雜芳烷基二價基。典型之實例包括一般結構為(CH2
)x
之烷撐基(其中x係1至6)及含有2至6個碳原子和一或多個雙鍵或三鍵之對應烯撐基和炔撐基連接子、含有3至8個環員之環烷撐基、以及芳烷基(其中一個開放化合價係位於芳基環上而另一個開放化合價係位於烷基部分上),諸如及其異構物。
本文所使用之"鹵烷基"係指烷基,其中於任何位置上之一個至全部之氫原子已經鹵替代。"全鹵烷基"係指全部氫原子已經鹵替代之烷基。
本文所使用之"雜原子"係指非為碳或氫之任何元素的原子。雜原子之實例包括硼、氮、氧、磷、硫及硒。
"雜環基"係指3至10員環結構且於某些實例中係指3至7員環,其中該等環結構包括1至4個雜原子。雜環亦可為多環。雜環基包括例如噻吩、噻蒽、呋喃、吡喃、異苯並呋喃、色烯、呫噸、吩噁噻、吡咯、咪唑、吡唑、異噻唑、異噁唑、吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、噠嗪、吲嗪、異吲哚、吲哚、吲唑、嘌呤、喹嗪、異喹啉、喹啉、酞嗪、萘啶、喹噁啉、喹唑啉、噌啉、蝶啶、咔唑、咔啉、菲啶、吖啶、嘧啶、菲繞啉、吩嗪、吩砒嗪、吩噻嗪、呋咱、吩噁嗪、吡咯啶、四氫呋喃、四氫噻吩、噁唑、哌啶、哌嗪、嗎啉、內酯、內醯胺(諸如吖丁啶酮和吡咯啶酮)、磺內醯胺、磺內酯、及類似物。該雜環於一或多個位置上可經上述之取代基(例如鹵、烷基、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、羥基、胺基、硝基、氫硫基、亞胺基、醯胺基、膦酸酯基、次膦酸酯基、羰基、羧基、甲矽烷基、醚、烷硫基
、磺醯基、酮、醛、酯、雜環基、芳族或雜芳族部分、-CF3
、-CN、或類似基團)取代。
與本發明之化合物有關的"經分離"一詞係指該化合物係不存在於細胞或有機體內且該化合物係與天然上典型與彼伴隨之某些或全部成分分離。
"Lewis氏酸"係指可作為電子對接受者之任何物質。
除非另有特別限定碳數,本文所使用之"低碳烷基"係指於骨架結構中含有1至10個碳原子(於某些較佳體系中係1至6個碳原子)之上述烷基。同樣地,"低碳烯基"和"低碳炔基"係具有類似之鏈長。某些烷基係低碳烷基。於某些較佳體系中,指定為烷基之取代基係低碳烷基。
本文所使用之"硝基''係指-NO2
;"鹵"係指-F、-Cl、-Br或-I;"氫硫基"係指-SH;"羥基"係指-OH;且,"磺醯基"係指-SO2
-。
"側氧基"係指羰基氧(=0)。
"多環"或"多環基"係指兩個或多個環(例如環烷基、環烯基、環炔基、芳基及/或雜環基),其中兩個或多個碳係為兩個相鄰環所共有,該兩個相鄰環係例如"稠合環"。經由非相鄰原子所連接之環係稱為"橋連"環。多環之每個環可經諸如上述之取代基(例如鹵、烷基、芳烷基、烯基、炔基、環烷基、羥基、胺基、硝基、氫硫基、亞胺基、醯胺基、膦酸酯基、次膦酸酯基、羰基、羧基、甲矽烷基、醚、烷硫基、磺醯基、酮、醛、酯、雜環基、芳族或雜芳族基、-CF3
、-CN或類似基團)取代。
本發明之化合物為"差向立體異構性純的"係指該化合物實質上不含有彼之立體異構物(其中與R3
鍵結之立體形成中心的構型係經倒置)。例如,下式所示之差向立體異構性純的化合物:
(其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R7
、R7`
、R8
及R9
係如下述所定義者)係實質上不含有下式所示之化合物:
(其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R7
、R7`
、R8
及R9
係如下述所定義者)。差向立體異構性純的化合物含有少於約20質量%、少於約15質量%、少於約10質量%、少於約5質量%或少於約3質量%之立體異構化合物(其中相對於該化合物,與R3
鍵結之立體形成中心的構型係經倒置)。
本文所使用之"保護基"係指保護具潛在反應性之官能
基免受不欲之化學轉化反應的暫時性取代基。該保護基之實例分別包括羧酸之酯、醇之甲矽烷醚、及醛之縮醛和酮之縮酮。保護基化學之領域已述於回顧文獻Greene,T.W.;Wuts,P.G.M.Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis
,2nd
ed.;Wiley:New York,1991。
本文所使用之"糖"係指天然或非天然之單糖、雙糖或寡糖,該等糖包含一或多個吡喃糖或呋喃糖環。該糖可經由醚鍵結或經由烷基鍵結與本發明之甾族生物鹼共價鍵結。於某些較佳體系中,該糖部分可於糖環之變旋異構(anomeric)中心與本發明之甾族生物鹼共價鍵結。糖可包括但不限於核糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、來蘇糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、古羅糖、艾杜糖、半乳糖、太洛糖、葡萄糖及海藻糖。
本文所使用之"磺醯胺"包括下式之基團:
其中R50和R56係如上述所定義者。
簡稱"triflyl"、"tosyl"、"mesyl"及"nonaflyl"分別係指三氟甲烷磺醯基、對甲苯磺醯基、甲磺醯基及九氟丁磺醯基。"triflate"、"tosylate"、"mesylate"及"nonaflate"係指分別含有該等基團之三氟甲烷磺酸酯、對甲苯磺酸酯、甲磺酸酯及九氟丁磺酸酯官能基或分子。
"羰硫基"係指羰基硫(=S)。
當能瞭解的是,"取代"或"經取代"包括隱含之先決條件:該取代係依據被取代之原子和取代基所能允許之價,及該取代係產生安定之化合物(例如該取代不會自發性地藉由諸如重排、環化、消去等作用而進行轉化反應)。
本發明之某些化合物可以特定之幾何異構或立體異構型式存在。本發明之範疇含括所有該等化合物,其包括順式和反式異構物、R
和S
對映異構物、非對映異構物、(D)-異構物、(L)-異構物、彼等之消旋混合物、及彼等之其他混合物。於取代基(諸如烷基)中可存有額外之不對稱碳原子。本發明含括所有該等異構物及其混合物。
上述經環擴張之甾族生物鹼衍生物類可直接自天然存在之甾族生物鹼或其合成類似物加以製備。於某些情況下,該甾族生物鹼起始物可為環杷明或芥芬鹼(jervine)。該等甾族生物鹼可經購得或萃取自加州藜蘆(Vertrum Californicum)。簡言之,本發明之方法包含使適當之甾族生物鹼起始物環丙烷化及隨後令該環丙基衍生物進行環擴張重排之步驟。於某些情況下,可為所欲進行的是於環丙烷化反應之前適當地保護或不然係轉化存在於分子中之反應性官能基。例如,於環丙烷化反應之前,存在於R1
上之醇及存在於稠合之呋喃並哌啶環上之二級氮皆可經保護。於某些較佳體系中,被有效地加入並自該生物鹼除去之
保護基於合成反應過程中生成具有改善之操作處理性質的中間產物,且較佳的是能有效地純化所生成之合成中間產物。
氧保護基之實例包括但不限於甲酸酯、乙酸酯、氯乙酸酯、二氯乙酸酯、三氯乙酸酯、特戊酸酯、苯甲酸酯、碳酸烷酯、碳酸烯酯、碳酸芳酯、碳酸芳烷酯、碳酸2,2,2-三氯乙酯、烷氧基甲醚、芳烷氧基甲醚、烷硫基甲醚、芳烷基硫醚、芳硫醚、三烷基甲矽烷醚、烷基芳基甲矽烷醚、苄醚、芳基甲醚及烯丙醚。
氮保護基之實例包括但不限於甲醯基、氯乙醯基、三氯乙醯基、三氟乙醯基、苯基乙醯基、苯甲醯基、氨基甲酸烷酯、氨基甲酸芳烷酯、氨基甲酸芳酯、烯丙基、芳烷基、烷氧基甲基、芳烷氧基甲基、N
-2-氰基乙基及三烷基甲矽烷基。
可用於本發明之方法中的其他保護基係描述於文獻Green T.W.;Wuts P.G.Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis 3 rd Edition
,John Wiley & Sons,Inc.1999中。
許多不同之環丙烷化劑可用於使甾族生物鹼環丙烷化。一般係使用1,1-鹵烷基金屬錯合物和稱為類碳烯(carbenoids)之反應物以使烴環丙烷化。典型上係使用二碘烷或二偶氮烷及金屬或有機金屬化合物(諸如Et2
Zn、i
Bu3
Al、釤、銅、銠或鈀)以製備該等反應劑。於某些較佳體系中,使用Et2
Zn和二碘甲烷以產生該1,1-鹵烷基金屬化合物。
藉由添加某些反應劑(諸如酸)可修飾該1,1-鹵烷基鋅錯合物之反應性和操作容易性。咸信對1,1-鹵烷基鋅化合物添加酸係產生烷基鋅混合鹽。於下述之實施例中,令二芳基磷酸與二碘甲烷和二乙基鋅結合以產生鹵烷基磷酸鋅環丙烷化劑。可使用許多不同之磷酸以產生該鹵烷基磷酸鋅。
亦可使用其他習知之環丙烷化方法,諸如利用磺醯化物與已與羰基共軛之烴反應以加入CH2
或CH-烷基或CH-芳基,及令二偶氮烷基和α-二偶氮-羰基化合物(諸如二偶氮甲烷和二偶氮乙酸乙酯)進行金屬催化之分解反應;該等方法係便利地提供含有烷基、芳基、烷氧羰基(-COOR)或醯基取代基之環丙烷。
該環丙基環可經取代或未經取代。若該環丙基環係經取代,則與該環丙烷之甲撐基連接的基團於重排和環擴張之後將被導入至D環上。
該環丙烷化反應可於非質子性溶劑中進行。適當之溶劑包括醚,諸如二乙醚、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、二乙二醇二甲醚、特丁基甲醚、四氫呋喃及類似物;鹵化溶劑,諸如氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷及類似物;脂族或芳香族烴溶劑,諸如苯、二甲苯、甲苯、己烷、戊烷及類似物;酯和酮,諸如乙酸乙酯、丙酮及2-丁酮;極性非質子性溶劑,諸如乙腈、二甲亞碸、二甲基甲醯胺及類似物;或兩種或多種溶劑之組合。於某些較佳體系中,當使用二烷基鋅和二碘甲烷時,二氯甲烷係供環丙烷化反應用之溶劑。
於下述之實施例中,首先藉由將磷酸溶液加入至二乙基鋅之溶液中並隨後將二碘甲烷加入至該反應溶液中,藉以製備含有環丙烷化劑之溶液。隨後將該環丙烷化反應之受質加入至該溶液中。可替代地,於該環丙烷化反應之受質的存在下,藉由改變添加該等反應劑之順序,可製備該環丙烷化劑。於某些較佳體系中,該環丙烷化反應之進行係首先藉由將磷酸加入至二烷基鋅之溶液中,隨後加入環丙烷化反應之受質且最後加入二鹵烷。藉由利用此方法,該環丙烷化劑係於控制條件下被產生且立即與該環丙烷化反應之受質反應。
於該環丙烷化甾族生物鹼核心經合成後,利用此技藝習知之許多不同的官能化反應可使該化合物衍生化。該官能化反應之代表性實例包括產生烯基鹵化物或芳基鹵化物之鈀偶合反應、氧化反應、還原反應、與親核劑之反應、與親電子劑之反應、架環反應、保護基載入反應、保護基去除反應、及類似反應。
於Lewis氏酸或Bronsted氏酸之存在下,該等環丙基類似物進行重排和環擴張以生成甾族生物鹼類似物,其中D環已擴張1個碳。
該環丙烷化反應和環擴張可於一個反應槽中經兩步驟之方法進行或可於兩個反應槽中經兩步驟之方法進行。當該環丙烷化反應和環擴張係於相同之反應槽中進行時,於加入環丙烷化劑之後,加入用於起始該環擴張重排反應之酸。於某些條件下,於使甾族生物鹼環丙烷化之反應期間
所產生之鋅鹽本身可作用為Lewis氏酸以催化該環擴張重排反應。於該環丙烷化反應後所產生之鋅鹽的反應性可藉由添加酸加以修飾,藉以產生更具活性之Lewis氏酸。
如下述於實施例中,於該環丙烷化反應完成後,將甲烷磺酸加入至該環丙烷化反應槽中。適當酸之其他實例包括但不限於鋅鹽、硼化合物、鎂鹽、鈦鹽、銦鹽、鋁鹽、錫鹽、鑭鹽、三氟甲烷磺酸、二芳氧基磷酸及HCl。於本發明之某些較佳體系中,所使用之Lewis氏酸係鋅鹽或BF3
。
藉由使用此技藝習知之許多不同的官能化反應可使該等環擴張之類似物進一步官能化。該官能化反應之代表性實例包括產生烯基鹵化物或芳基鹵化物之鈀偶合反應、氧化反應、還原反應、與親核劑之反應、與親電子劑之反應、架環反應、保護基載入反應、保護基去除反應、及類似反應。
咸信猬多肽係經分泌之蛋白質,其功能係作為猬代謝途徑中之訊號配體。於人體內發現3種不同型式之猬蛋白質:音波猬(Sonic hedgehog,Shh)、沙漠猬(Desert hedgehog,Dhh)及印度猬(Indian hedgehog,Ihh)。音波猬係於哺乳動物體內最為普及之猬成員且亦係猬家族中最為經特徵界定之配體。Shh於被分泌前係經分子內切割及脂肪改質反應。該經脂肪改質之肽係負責所有之訊號活性。
兩個跨膜蛋白質涉及猬代謝途徑之訊號轉導:12跨膜膜受體(Ptc)和7跨膜平滑蛋白(Smo)。
此技藝之發現建議猬係藉由與Ptc結合而作用,因而釋出Ptc對Smo之抑制作用。因為Ptc和Smo皆為跨膜蛋白質,所提出之情境係該Ptc和Smo係物理性締合以生成受體複合物,雖然作用之間接機轉亦似乎係合理的。Smo免於Ptc抑制作用之去抑制作用(derepression)係大概涉及Smo之構型改變。然而,對Smo之活性而言,Ptc並非為絕對需要的,因為在完全不存在膜合蛋白(patched protein)之情況下Smo係成為組成型活化型。一旦Smo被去抑制化(derepressed),被去抑制化之Smo係迅速且高度地被磷酸化且係經由Gli轉錄因子(Dropophila
Ci蛋白質同系物)轉導活化轉錄之訊號。該Glil轉錄因子向上調節涉及生長和發育之許多基因(Alexandreet al
.,如前述)。猬訊號於發育之許多階段(特別是於左右對稱之形成)中係必要的。猬訊號之喪失或減弱係導致多重發育缺陷和畸形,其中最為顯著的是獨眼畸形。
近來,已報告活化猬代謝途徑突變係發生於偶發性基底細胞癌(Xieet al
.(1998)Nature 391:90-2)和中樞神經系統之原始神經外胚層腫瘤(Reifenbergeret al
.(1998)Cancer Res 58:1798-803)。猬代謝途徑之未被控制的活化亦已顯現於許多癌症類型中,諸如胃腸道癌(其包括胰臟癌、食道癌、胃癌(Bermanet al
.(2003)Nature 425:846-51和Thayeret al
.(2003)Nature 425:851-56)、肺癌
(Watkinset al
.(2003)Nature 422:313-317)、前列腺癌(Karhadkaret al
(2004)Nature 431:707-12、Shenget al
.(2004)Molecular Cancer 3:29-42及Fanet al
.(2004)Endocrinology 145:3961-70)、乳癌(Kuboet al
.(2004)Cancer Research 64:6071-74和Lewiset al
.(2004)Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 2:165-181)及肝細胞癌(Sicklicket al
.(2005)ASCO conference,Mohiniet al
.(2005)AACR conference))。
已顯示許多腫瘤和增生狀況係取決於猬代謝途徑。該等細胞之生長和存活可受本發明之化合物影響。例如,已顯示小分子對猬代謝途徑之抑制作用能抑制基底細胞癌(Williams,et al
.,2003 PNAS 100:4616-21)、神經管胚細胞癌(Bermanet al
.,2002 Science 297:1559-61)、胰臟癌(Bermanet al
.,2003 Nature 425:846-51)、胃腸癌(Bermanet al
.,2003 Nature 425:846-51和已公開之PCT申請案WO 05/013800)、食道癌(Bermanet al
.,2003 Nature 425:846-51)、肺癌(Watkinset al
.,2003.Nature 422:313-7)及前列腺癌(Karhadkaret al
.,2004.Nature 431:707-12)之生長。
此外,已顯示許多癌症類型顯現猬代謝途徑之未被控制的活化,例如乳癌(Kuboet al
.,2004.Cancer Research 64:6071-4)、肝細胞癌(Patilet al
.,2005.96th
Annual AACR conference,摘要#2942和Sicklicket al
.,2005.ASCO annual meeting,摘要#9610)、血液惡性腫瘤
(Watkins and Matsui,未公開之結果)、基底細胞腫瘤(Bale & Yu,2001.Human Molec.Genet.10:757-762和Xieet al
.,1998 Nature 391:90-92)、神經管胚細胞癌(Pietschet al
.,1997.Cancer Res.57:2085-88)及胃癌(Maet al
.,2005 Carcinogenesis May 19,2005(Epub))。
於另一較佳體系中,本發明提供藥學上可接受之組成物,其包含與一或多種藥學上可接受之載體(添加劑)及/或稀釋劑一起調製之治療上有效量的一或多種上述之化合物。本發明之醫藥組成物為進行投服可經特別調製成固體或液體型式,其包括適於下述之投服方式者:(1)口服者:例如獸用頓服劑(水溶性或非水溶性之溶液或懸浮液)、藥片(例如經頰、舌下及全身性吸收者)、大丸劑、粉末、顆粒及施予於舌上之糊劑;(2)非經腸投服(例如經皮下、肌內、靜脈內或硬膜外注射)者:諸如例如無菌溶液或懸浮液、或緩釋型調製劑;(3)局部施予者:例如為乳霜、軟膏、或施予皮膚上之釋出控制型貼片或噴霧;(4)陰道內或直腸內投藥者:例如為陰道栓劑、乳霜或泡沫;(5)經舌下者;(6)經眼者;(7)經皮者;(8)經肺者;或(9)經鼻者。如前所述,本發明之化合物的某些較佳體系可含有一種基本官能基(諸如胺基或烷基胺基)並因此能夠與藥學上可接受之酸形成藥學上可接受之鹽。對此方面,''藥學上可接受之鹽"係指本發明之化合物的相對上非毒性之無機酸和有機酸加
成鹽。可於投服載體中或於劑量型製造方法中原位(in situ)製備該等鹽,或可藉由令本發明之經純化之化合物以其自由鹼之型式分別與適當之有機酸或無機酸反應並於隨後之純化期間分離所生成之鹽以製備該等鹽。代表性鹽包括氫溴化物、氫氯化物、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、磷酸鹽、硝酸鹽、乙酸鹽、戊酸鹽、油酸鹽、十六烷酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、月桂酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、乳酸鹽、磷酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、順式丁烯二酸鹽、反式丁烯二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、萘甲酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、葡庚糖酸鹽、乳糖醛酸鹽、月桂基磺酸鹽、及類似鹽(參閱例如文獻Bergeet al
.(1977)"Pharmaceutical Salts",J
.Pharm.Sci.66:1-19)。
本發明之化合物的藥學上可接受之鹽包括該化合物自例如非毒性之有機酸或無機酸所得之慣用的非毒性鹽或季銨鹽。例如,該慣用的非毒性鹽包括衍生自無機酸(諸如氫氯酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、胺磺酸、磷酸、硝酸及類似酸)之鹽及自有機酸(諸如乙酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、乙醇酸、硬脂酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、抗壞血酸、十六烷酸、順式丁烯二酸、羥基順式丁烯二酸、苯基乙酸、谷胺酸、苯甲酸、水楊酸、磺胺酸、2-乙醯氧基苯甲酸、反式丁烯二酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙烷二磺酸、草酸、異硫羰酸及類似酸)所製備之鹽。
於其他情況中,本發明之化合物可含有一或多個酸官能基並因此能夠與藥學上可接受之鹼形成藥學上可接受之
鹽。於此等情況下,"藥學上可接受之鹽"係指本發明之化合物的相對上非毒性之無機鹼和有機鹼加成鹽。同樣地,可於投服載體中或於劑量型製造方法中原位(in situ)製備該等鹽,或可藉由令經純化之該化合物以其自由酸之型式分別與適當之鹼(諸如藥學上可接受之金屬陽離子的氫氧化物、碳酸鹽或碳酸氫鹽、氨或藥學上可接受之有機伯胺、仲胺或叔胺)反應以製備該等鹽。代表性鹼金屬或鹼土金屬鹽包括鋰鹽、鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鈣鹽、鎂鹽、鋁鹽及類似鹽。用於形成鹼加成鹽之代表性有機胺包括乙胺、二乙胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、哌嗪及類似物(參閱例如文獻Bergeet al
.,如上述者)。
該組成物亦可存有濕潤劑、乳化劑及潤滑劑(諸如十二烷基硫酸鈉和硬脂酸鎂)以及著色劑、釋出劑、塗覆劑、甜味劑、芳香劑及香氣劑、防腐劑及抗氧化劑。
藥學上可接受之抗氧化劑的實例包括(1)水溶性抗氧化劑,諸如抗壞血酸、半胱胺酸氫氯化物、硫酸氫鈉、偏亞硫酸氫鈉、亞硫酸鈉及類似物、(2)油溶性抗氧化劑,諸如十六烷酸抗壞血酸酯、丁基化羥基苯基甲基醚(BHA)、丁基化羥基甲苯(BHT)、卵磷酯、沒食子酸丙酯、α-生育酚及類似物;及(3)金屬螯合劑,諸如檸檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、山梨糖醇、酒石酸、磷酸及類似物。
製備該等調製劑或組成物之方法包括使本發明之化合物與載體及可選擇地一或多種輔助成分締合(association)之步驟。一般而言,製備該等調製劑係藉由使本發明之化
合物與液體載體或微細分離之固體載體或該兩者均勻且緊密地締合,並隨後如有需要係使產物成形。
適於非經腸投服的本發明之醫藥組成物包含本發明之一或多種化合物及一或多種藥學上可接受之無菌等滲水溶性或非水溶性溶液、分散液、懸浮液或乳化液、或無菌粉末(其可於使用前經重構以形成無菌可注射之溶液或分散液),該等溶液、分散液、懸浮液及乳化液可含有糖、醇、抗氧化劑、緩衝液、制菌劑、使該調製劑與所欲接受者之血液等滲之溶質、懸浮劑或增稠劑。
可使用於本發明之醫藥組成物中的適當水溶性和非水溶性載體之實例包括水、乙醇、多元醇(諸如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、及類似物)、彼等之適當混合物、植物油(諸如橄欖油)及可注射之有機酯(諸如油酸乙酯)。藉由例如使用塗覆物(諸如卵磷酯)、於分散液中維持所需之粒子大小及使用界面活性劑可維持適當之流動性。
此等組成物亦可含有佐劑(諸如防腐劑、濕潤劑、乳化劑及分散劑)。藉由使該等組成物含括不同之抗細菌劑和抗真菌劑(例如對羥基苯甲酸酯(paraben)、氯丁醇、酚山梨酸、及類似物),可確保預防本發明之化合物免於微生物之作用。該等組成物亦可如所欲地包括等滲劑,諸如糖、氯化鈉及類似物。此外,藉由含括可致使吸收延遲之藥劑(諸如單硬脂酸鋁及明膠),可延長可注射之醫藥型式的吸收。
於某些情況下,為延長藥物之功效,延緩自皮下或肌
內注射之藥物的吸收係為吾人所欲的。藉由使用具有不良之水溶解性的結晶物或無定形物之液體懸浮液可達成該吸收之延緩。藥物之吸收速率係取決於其溶解速率,而該溶解速率可取決於結晶大小和結晶型式。可替代地,非經腸投服之藥物型式的延遲吸收可藉由令該藥物溶解或懸浮於油性載體中而達成。
使本發明之化合物於生物可降解之聚合物(諸如聚交酯/聚乙交酯)中以形成微膠囊封包之基質,藉以製備可注射之儲積(depot)型式。取決於藥物對聚合物之比例及所使用之特定聚合物的本性,可控制該藥物之釋出速率。其他生物可降解之聚合物的實例包括聚(原酸酯)和聚(酐)。藉由令藥物陷於可與體組織相容之脂質體或微乳化物中亦可製備可注射之儲積(depot)調製劑。
適於口服投遞的本發明之調製劑可為膠囊、豆狀膠囊、丸、藥片、錠劑(其使用芳香底質,通常為蔗糖和金合歡膠或黃蓍膠)、粉末、顆粒、於水溶性或非水溶性液體中之溶液或懸浮液、水包油或油包水之液體乳化液、酏劑或糖漿、錠片劑(其使用惰性底質,諸如明膠和甘油、或蔗糖和金合歡膠)及/或漱口液及類似物之型式,且每個型式之調製劑含有預定量的本發明之化合物以作為活性成分。本發明之化合物亦可以大丸劑、舐劑或糊劑之型式投服。
當本發明之化合物係作為藥物以投服至人體和動物體內時,該化合物係單獨被投服或係以醫藥組成物之型式被
投服,該醫藥組成物含有例如約0.1至99%、約10至50%、約10至40%、約10至30%、約10至20%或約10至15%之活性成分及藥學上可接受之載體。
藉由任何適當之投藥途徑(其包括口服、經鼻(藉由例如噴霧)、經直腸、陰道內、非經腸、腦池內及局部(其包括經頰和舌下,藉由粉末、軟膏或滴液)等途徑),可投服該化合物至人體和其他動物體內以進行治療。
無論所選擇之投藥途徑為何,可以適當之水合型式使用的本發明之化合物及/或本發明之醫藥組成物係經熟習此技藝之人士所習知之慣用方法調製成藥學上可接受之劑型。
本發明之醫藥組成物中活性成分之真實劑量可經改變以得到對特定之病患、組成及投藥模式能有效達到所欲之治療反應且對該病患為不具毒性的活性成分量。
所選擇之劑量將取決於許多不同之因素,其包括所使用的本發明之特定化合物或彼之酯、鹽或醯胺的活性、投藥途徑、投藥時間、所使用的特定化合物之排泄或代謝速率、吸收速率和吸收量、治療期間、與所使用的特定化合物併用之其他藥物、化合物及/或物質、欲治療之病患的年齡、性別、體重、病況、一般健康狀態及先前醫療病史、及進行醫療所習知之其他因素。
熟習此技藝之醫師或獸醫師可輕易地開處方並決定所需之醫藥組成物的有效劑量。例如,醫師或獸醫師開處於所使用之醫藥組成物中的本發明之化合物的起始劑量可低
於為達到所欲之治療功效所需之劑量並可逐漸地增加劑量直至達到所欲之治療功效為止。
通常,本發明之化合物的適當每日劑量係有效達到治療功效之最低劑量。該有效劑量將通常取決於下述之因素。一般而言,當用於為所欲之功效時,本發明之化合物對病患的口服、靜脈內及皮下投遞劑量範圍係約0.0001至約100 mg、約0.001至約100 mg、約0.01至約100 mg、約0.1至約100 mg或約0.1至約50 mg/kg體重/天。
接受該治療之個體可為需要該治療之任何動物,其包括靈長類動物(特別是人)和其他哺乳動物(諸如馬、牛、豬及羊)、及一般之家禽和寵物。
可單獨投服本發明之化合物或可投服本發明之化合物與藥學上可接受之載體所形成之混合物,且亦可投服本發明之化合物與抗微生物劑(諸如青黴素、頭孢菌素、胺基葡萄糖苷及糖肽)併用所形成之混合物。因此,結合治療(conjunctive therapy)包括連續、同時及各別投服活性化合物,使得當投服隨後之藥物時,第一次所投服之藥物的治療功效並未完全消失。
現在藉由參閱下述之實施例以進一步描述並較易地瞭解本發明,該實施例係僅供說明本發明之某些方面和較佳體系且並非用於限制本發明。
令再結晶析出之環杷明2(14.1 g,34.0毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於無水DCM(70 ml)和無水甲醇(29 ml)中。令該澄清溶液經冷卻並先後加入三乙胺(10.4 g,102.7毫莫耳,3當量)和氯甲酸苄酯(6.20 g,36.3毫莫耳,1.1當量)。經該加入完成後,令該溶液於冰浴中經攪拌達30分鐘。經3小時之時間加入3份氯甲酸苄酯(3×0.35 g,3.46毫莫耳,0.03當量)。藉由水(71 ml)緩慢驟冷該反應並同時維持溫度低於20℃。令該混合物經攪拌達15分鐘並隨後經靜置以分離相層。令有機層置於硫酸鈉上乾燥並經過濾。令結合之濾液經無水吡啶(30 ml)緩衝化並經濃縮且溶劑經額外之無水吡啶(43 ml)交換後再經濃縮。
該化合物於吡啶(43 ml)中之溶液係再經額外之無水吡啶(85 ml)稀釋。將三甲基乙醯氯(8.3 g,68.7毫莫耳,2當量)緩慢加入至該反應混合物中並加熱該反應物至45℃。
於45℃下攪拌該反應物30分鐘。令該反應物經冷卻並藉由加入無水甲醇(4.5 ml)加以驟冷。室溫下攪拌該已經驟冷之反應混合物達40分鐘,隨後經甲苯(97 ml)稀釋並連續經水(35 ml)和10重量%碳酸鈉水溶液(100 ml)處理。經激烈攪拌後,分離相層並令有機層經水(2×100 ml)沖洗兩次,置於硫酸鈉上乾燥並再經過濾。令濾餅經甲苯(49 ml)輕洗後丟棄。令結合之濾液經濃縮並令溶劑經交換及濃縮為甲苯(145 ml)且進一步濃縮濾液至乾燥狀態。令產物自甲苯和庚烷中再結晶析出。藉由抽吸過濾以分離結晶產物,並經冰冷庚烷沖洗且經乾燥至固定之重量,生成所欲之產物(15.1 g)。
藉由濃縮自無水DCM(42 ml)中乾燥雙(2,6-二甲基苯基)磷酸酯(10.65 g,34.8毫莫耳,3.1當量)並置於氮氣下。令該磷酸酯再溶解於無水DCM(110 ml)中。於另一燒瓶中,製備純二乙基鋅(4.17 g,33.8毫莫耳,3.0當量)之無水DCM(35 ml)溶液並經冷卻至-25℃。將該磷酸酯溶液經1小時之時間緩慢轉移至含有該二乙基鋅溶液之反應槽中並同時維持溫度於-10℃下或低於-10℃。令澄清之乙基磷
酸鋅溶液回溫至0℃並經攪拌達15分鐘。將二碘甲烷(9.25 g,34.5毫莫耳,3.0當量)緩慢加入至該乙基磷酸鋅溶液中並維持反應溫度介於0至5℃。經該加入完成後,令該類碳烯鋅溶液再經攪拌達20分鐘。
於另一燒瓶中,令化合物3(7.20 g,11.4毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於無水DCM(36 ml)中並將其轉移至該反應燒瓶中。經該加入完成後,移除冰浴並令該反應混合物回溫至室溫。經6小時後,冷卻該燒瓶至-53℃。加入甲烷磺酸(3.38 g,35.2毫莫耳,3.1當量)之無水DCM(3 ml)溶液並維持反應溫度低於-45℃。經10分鐘後,將嗎啉(20 g,230毫莫耳,20當量)加入至該反應混合物中並維持反應溫度低於-40℃。令該反應物隔夜回溫至室溫。藉由過濾以除去嗎啉鹽並令濾餅經DCM(22 ml)輕洗。令結合之濾液經2N氫氯酸水溶液(2×140 ml)、5%碳酸氫鈉水溶液(140 ml)、5%碳酸氫鈉水溶液(70 ml)、5%亞硫酸氫鈉水溶液(70 ml)及鹽水(144 ml)沖洗。令有機層置於硫酸鎂上乾燥並經過濾。在未進行乾燥下,令該DCM溶液經濃縮並令溶劑經甲醇(280 ml)交換。令懸浮液經冰浴冷卻並經攪拌達40分鐘。藉由過濾以分離固體,經冰冷甲醇(2×25 ml)沖洗兩次並經乾燥至固定之重量,生成所欲之產物(5.94 g)。
於圓底燒瓶中,令化合物4(11.67 g,18.1毫莫耳,1當量)和20%濕碳上氫氧化鈀(2.40 g,1.71毫莫耳,0.09當量)置於氮氣下並經EtOAc(115 ml)和甲苯(60 ml)稀釋。藉由抽真空/清洗循環令該溶液經氮氣(3X)脫氣並利用氫氣重複此步驟。室溫下激烈攪拌該懸浮液1.5小時。令該氫氣環境經氮氣替代。將乙二胺(0.57 g,9.5毫莫耳,0.52當量)加入至該反應中並攪拌所生成之混合物20分鐘。氮氣下令該溶液經過濾並令濾液先後經2%(m/m)乙二胺水溶液(125 ml)和水(130 ml)沖洗且隨後置於硫酸鈉上乾燥。藉由過濾以除去乾燥劑並於真空下濃縮該濾液至乾燥狀態。於旋轉蒸發器上利用甲苯(2×55 ml)收集殘留之固體,且所生成之產物係未經進一步之純化而用於下一個步驟中。
令前步驟之產物溶解於無水DCM(26 ml)中。將所生成之澄清溶液加入至1M DIBAL之DCM(65 ml,65毫莫耳,3.6當量)溶液中並同時維持反應溫度介於-10至-25℃之間。經30分鐘後,令反應物經丙酮(13 ml)驟冷並維持反應溫度於0℃下或低於0℃。經攪拌該已經驟冷之反應混合物17分鐘後,將該反應混合物分批加入至含有冰冷經攪拌之20%(m/m)羅謝爾鹽(Rochelle salt)之水溶液(200 ml)
的燒瓶中。室溫下攪拌所生成之膠凝狀懸浮液15小時。經攪拌後,分離澄清層並令水層再經DCM(30 ml)萃取。令結合之有機層經水(60 ml)沖洗並置於硫酸鈉上乾燥。藉由過濾以除去乾燥劑並將其丟棄。令濾液經真空下濃縮並將溶劑交換為甲苯(225 ml,分批加入)。令所生成之溶液進一步經濃縮為懸浮液(50 ml)並經庚烷(115 ml)稀釋。加熱(92℃)所生成之混合物直至轉變為均一相。令該溶液經12小時緩慢冷卻至15℃並再經靜置16小時。藉由抽吸過濾以分離結晶產物,並經庚烷(2×75 ml)沖洗且經乾燥至固定之重量,生成所欲之產物(7.70 g)。
將高烯丙醇(7.50 g,17.6毫莫耳,1當量)、三特丁氧化鋁(6.10 g,24.8毫莫耳,1.4當量)、無水甲苯(115 ml)及2-丁酮(90 g,1.24莫耳,7當量)連續載入至圓底燒瓶中。於氮氣下加熱該懸浮液至75℃達16小時。隨後冷卻反應溫度至49℃。將20%(w/w)酒石酸鈉鉀水溶液(226 g)加入至經攪拌之懸浮液中。室溫下攪拌該懸浮液3.5小時。分離相層。令有機層經20%羅謝爾鹽水溶液(2×250 ml)和水(225 ml)沖洗,隨後置於硫酸鈉上乾燥並經過濾。令殘餘物經甲苯(30 ml)輕洗並隨後丟棄。令結合之有機相經濃縮至乾燥狀態。藉由濃縮自2-丙醇(250 ml,分批加入)除去產物中殘留之反應溶劑以生成最終溶液量(44 g)。溶劑自2-丙醇交換為庚烷(275 ml,分批加入)以生成最終溶液量為(41 g)。令該懸浮液經額外之庚烷(40 ml)稀釋,並室溫下經攪拌1小時且隨後再經過濾。令產物經正庚烷(17 ml)
沖洗並經乾燥以生成所欲之產物(5.4 g)。
將起始物(110 mg,0.26毫莫耳,1當量)和10% Pd/C(106 mg)載入至圓底燒瓶中。令該固體懸浮於吡啶(4 ml)中。將該懸浮液置於氫氣(1大氣壓)下並令該混合物於室溫下經隔夜攪拌。令反應混合物經通過寅氏鹽(celite)過濾並令該濾液經真空濃縮。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(MeOH/DCM 5:95)純化粗產物以生成所欲之化合物(93 mg)。([M+H]=426.6 m/z)。
令環杷明2(5.02 g,12.2毫莫耳,1.0當量)溶解於無
水吡啶(25 ml)中。加入DMAP(300 mg,2.44毫莫耳,0.2當量)和三乙胺(5.5 ml,39.1毫莫耳,3.2當量),隨後加入BtO-Cbz(10.5 g,39.1毫莫耳,3.2當量)並於40℃下加熱2小時。將該混合物冷卻至室溫,經水(30 ml)處理並經加熱以得到均勻溶液,隨後冷卻至室溫。藉由過濾以收集所生成之白色沉澱物,令濾餅經水(3×50 ml)沖洗並於空氣中經乾燥以生成粗產物(9.53 g),其係自甲苯/庚烷(1:9,70 ml)中結晶析出以生成所欲之產物(6.75 g)。
將雙(2,6-二甲基苯基)磷酸(1.42 g,4.63毫莫耳,3.00當量)之DCM(15 ml)溶液加入至於-20℃下二乙基鋅(572 mg,482 μl,4.63毫莫耳,3.00當量)之DCM(5.0 ml)溶液中並維持反應溫度低於-8℃。令該溶液於0℃下經靜置15分鐘,加入純二碘甲烷(1.24 g,374 μl,3.00當量),再於0℃下經靜置15分鐘,隨後加入(雙CBz環杷明,1.05 g,1.54毫莫耳,1.0當量)之DCM(10 ml)溶液。室溫下將冷卻浴以水浴替代並於室溫下維持4.5小時。利用乾冰-丙酮浴冷卻該混合物至-76℃且隨後將該混合物逐滴地與甲烷磺酸之DCM溶液(0.6 ml 50% v/v溶液,4.63毫莫耳,3.0當
量)反應並維持反應溫度低於-74℃。令該混合物經靜置15至20分鐘並逐滴地經嗎啉(2.69 g,2.70 ml,20當量)驟冷且維持反應溫度低於-65℃。除去冷卻浴,攪拌該反應混合物達16至18小時,過濾除去白色沉澱物且令濾液連續經2.0 M HCl(2×20 ml)、飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液(2×20 ml)、水(2×20 ml)及鹽水(20 ml)沖洗。將粗產物置於硫酸鎂上乾燥,經真空下濃縮至乾燥狀態並藉由矽膠閃蒸層析(己烷/EtOAc 17:3→4:1)加以純化,生成所欲之產物(924 mg,1.33毫莫耳,86%)。
將20%氫氧化鈀/C(823 mg,0.583毫莫耳,0.1當量)加入至化合物7(4.05 g,5.83毫莫耳,1當量)之EtOAc:甲苯(2:1,60 ml)溶液中。將該燒瓶抽真空並填充氫氣3次。於氫氣下攪拌該混合物1小時。加入純乙二胺(0.38 ml),經攪拌達1小時並經過濾以除去觸媒。令濾餅經EtOAc:甲苯(2:1,12 ml)沖洗2次。令結合之濾液經2%乙二胺(3×20 ml)水溶液沖洗,置於硫酸鈉上乾燥並經真空下濃縮,生成白色結晶固體(2.46 g)。
將高烯丙醇8(7.50 g,17.6毫莫耳,1當量)、三特丁氧化鋁(6.10 g,24.8毫莫耳,1.4當量)、無水甲苯(115 ml)及2-丁酮(90 g,1.24莫耳,7當量)先後載入至圓底燒瓶中。於氮氣下加熱該懸浮液至75℃達16小時。冷卻反應溫度至49℃。將20%(w/w)酒石酸鈉鉀水溶液(226 g)加入至該經攪拌之懸浮液中。室溫下攪拌該懸浮液3.5小時。分離相層。令有機層經20%羅謝爾鹽水溶液(2×250 ml)和水(225 ml)沖洗,隨後置於硫酸鈉上乾燥並經過濾。令殘餘物經甲苯(30 ml)輕洗後加以丟棄。濃縮結合之有機相至乾燥狀態。藉由自2-丙醇(250 ml,分批加入)濃縮以除去產物中殘留之反應溶劑,生成最終溶液量(44 g)。將2-丙醇經溶劑交換為正庚烷(275 ml,分批加入)以生成充分沉澱之所欲產物(41 g)的最終溶液。令該懸浮液經額外之正庚烷(40 ml)稀釋,並經室溫下攪拌1小時且經過濾。令該產物經正庚烷(17 ml)沖洗並經乾燥後,生成所欲之產物(5.4 g)。
將起始物(110 mg,0.26毫莫耳,1當量)和10% Pd/C(106 mg)載入至圓底燒瓶中。令該固體懸浮於吡啶(4 ml)中。將該懸浮液置於氫氣(1大氣壓)下並令該混合物於室溫下經隔夜攪拌。令該反應混合物經通過寅氏鹽過濾並令濾液經真空下濃縮。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(MeOH/DCM 5:95)純化粗產物,生成所欲之化合物(93 mg)。([M+H]=426.6 m/z)。
將酮6(85 mg,0.199毫莫耳,1當量)載入至密封管中並加入三甘醇(2 ml),隨後加入單水合聯胺(500 mg,10毫莫耳,50當量)和碳酸鉀(138 mg,1毫莫耳,5當量)。密封
該管並於150℃下加熱該反應物16小時。冷卻反應物至室溫並加入水。利用氯仿(3 x)萃取殘餘物。令結合之有機層經水沖洗,置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥並經濃縮至乾燥狀態。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(DCM/MeOH 96:4)純化無色油狀物。集中所純化之分級液並經濃縮至乾燥狀態。令所生成之油狀物溶解於MTBE中並先後經水(2 x)、2N NaOH水溶液及鹽水沖洗。將結合之有機層置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,經過濾及蒸發後生成白色泡沫之所欲產物(64 mg)。([M+H]=412.7 m/z)。
將化合物5(223 mg,0.52毫莫耳,1當量)和DMF(1 ml)載入至密封管中。加入2-溴丙烷(1.3 g,10.5毫莫耳,20當量)和Na2
CO3
(73 mg,0.68毫莫耳,1.3當量)並密封該管且加熱至50℃。攪拌該混合物16小時,此時觀察到約70%之轉化率。加入額外之2-溴丙烷(0.26 g,2.12毫莫
耳,4當量)。攪拌該反應物2小時並加入額外之2-溴丙烷(0.13 g,1.1毫莫耳,2當量)。再攪拌該反應物1小時。冷卻該反應物至室溫並加入水。令殘餘物經MTBE(3 x)萃取。令結合之有機層經鹽水沖洗,置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,經過濾且再經濃縮至乾燥狀態。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(DCM/MeOH 99:1)純化所得之白色泡沫,生成白色泡沫之N-異丙基衍生物(206 mg)。
令該N-異丙基衍生物(205 mg,0.44毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於4-甲氧基吡啶(1.5 ml)中。將該燒瓶置於惰性氣體中並加入10% Pd/C(濕態,Aldrich Degussa型號E101,40 mg)。密封該燒瓶並經氫氣清洗3次,隨後靜置於氫氣(1大氣壓)下達16小時。將寅氏鹽加入至該反應混合物中。令該混合物經通過小寅氏鹽墊過濾並經EtOAc沖洗。令有機層先後經1N HCl水溶液(2 x)和水沖洗。將有機層置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,經通過棉花過濾並經蒸發以生成粗產物(34 mg)。令水層經2N KOH水溶液中和並經DCM(3 x)萃取。令結合之有機層經水沖洗,置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,經通過棉花過濾並與起初之粗產物(34 mg)結合。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(己烷/EtOAc 6:4)純化該粗產物,生成所欲之產物(80 mg)。([M+H]=468.7 m/z)。
於圓底燒瓶中,令化合物6(88 mg,0.21毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於無水THF(1 ml)中。冷卻該混合物至0℃。連續加入吡啶(84 μl,1毫莫耳,5當量)和過氧化苯醯(150 mg,0.62毫莫耳,3當量)。令該均勻混合物以2小時之時間逐漸回溫至室溫並於室溫下經隔夜攪拌。藉由加入飽和NaHCO3
水溶液驟冷該反應。令殘餘物經MTBE萃取。令結合之有機層經水沖洗,置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,並經過濾及減壓下濃縮。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(己烷/EtOAc,9:1至4:1)純化粗產物以生成白色泡沫之N-O苯甲醯基衍生物產物(60 mg,0.11毫莫耳)。令該泡沫溶解於MeOH(2 ml)中並隨後加入2N KOH水溶液(0.4 ml)。攪拌該反應混合物1小時。於氮氣流下蒸發大部分之MeOH並加入1N HCl水溶液(500 μl)。令產物經DCM(3 x)萃取。令結合之有機層經水沖洗,置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,並經過濾及減壓下濃縮。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(己烷/EtOAc,88:12→1:1)純化粗產物
以生成所欲之產物(11 mg)。([M+H]=442.5 m/z)。
於圓底燒瓶中,令化合物6(89 mg,0.209毫莫耳,1當量)和N
-(苄氧羰基)-胺基乙醛(148 mg,0.85毫莫耳,4當量)溶解於DCM(2 ml)中。加入三乙醯氧基氫硼化鈉(177 mg,0.85毫莫耳,4當量)並於室溫下攪拌該反應物3小時。將該混合物倒入至飽和NaHCO3
水溶液中並令殘餘物經DCM(3 x)萃取。令結合之有機層經水沖洗,置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,經通過棉花過濾並經蒸發以生成泡沫狀固體(247 mg)。令粗產物溶解於EtOAc(2 ml)中並經4M HCl水溶液(156 μl)處理。經30分鐘後,緩慢生成白色沉澱物。攪拌所生成之漿泥15分鐘。經過濾產生白色固體(120 mg)。令該產物溶解於EtOAc中並經飽和NaHCO3
水溶液處理。收集有機層並令水層經EtOAc(2 x)萃取。令結合
之有機層經鹽水沖洗並置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥。經過濾和蒸發後生成所欲之中間產物。該產物係未經純化而用於下一個步驟中。
令該步驟A之所有產物溶解於EtOAc(3 ml)中並與10% Pd/C(30 mg,濕態,Aldrich Degussa型號E101)反應。密封該燒瓶並經氫氣清洗3次且於氫氣(1大氣壓)下經隔夜靜置。經16小時後,令該混合物經通過小寅氏鹽墊過濾並經EtOAc沖洗,生成白色泡沫之胺(52 mg)。
將1H-四唑-5-乙酸(21 mg,0.166毫莫耳,1.5當量)、DCM(2 ml)、EDCI(42 mg,0.22毫莫耳,2當量)及二異丙基乙胺(57 mg,0.44毫莫耳,4當量)載入至含有該胺14(52 mg,0.11毫莫耳,1當量)之圓底燒瓶中。室溫下攪拌
所生成之黃色溶液4小時。藉由加入飽和NaHCO3
水溶液以驟冷該反應物並令殘餘物經DCM(3 x)萃取。令結合之有機層置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,經通過棉花過濾並經蒸發以生成灰白色固體(62 mg)。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(MeOH/DCM,5:95→10:90)純化產物以生成所欲之產物(31 mg)。([M+H]=579.7 m/z)。
將起始物(47 mg,0.110毫莫耳,1當量)和碳酸鉀(150 mg,1.09毫莫耳,10當量)載入至圓底燒瓶中。令該等固體懸浮於DCM(2 ml)中。加入碘甲烷(14 μl,0.22毫莫耳,2當量)並於室溫下攪拌該混合物2小時。TLC(DCM/MeOH 95:5)分析顯示大於90%之反應已完成。將碘甲烷(14 μl,0.22毫莫耳,2當量)加入至該反應混合物中並進行攪拌達2小時。將該反應混合物倒入水中。分離相層並令有機層經乾燥且經濃縮至乾燥狀態。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(DCM/MeOH 100:0→98:2)純化殘餘物以生成所欲之產物
(34 mg)。([M+H]=440.5 m/z)。
將起始物(59 mg,0.126毫莫耳,1當量)和碳酸鉀(350 mg,2.5毫莫耳,20當量)載入至圓底燒瓶中。令該等固體懸浮於DCM(3 ml)中。將碘甲烷(80 μl,1.29毫莫耳,10當量)載入至該反應物中並令該混合物於室溫下經隔夜攪拌。將水載入至該反應混合物中。分離有機相並令水層再經DCM萃取。令結合之有機層經乾燥並經濃縮至乾燥狀態。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(DCM/MeOH 95:5→90:10)純化殘餘物以生成所欲之產物(52 mg)。([M+H]=639.5 m/z)。
於圓底燒瓶中,令化合物5(50 mg,0.12毫莫耳,1當量)和N
-(特丁氧羰基)-胺基乙醛(6 mg,0.38毫莫耳,3.1當量)溶解於DCM(2 ml)中。加入三乙醯氧基氫硼化鈉(8 mg,0.38毫莫耳,3.1當量)並於室溫下攪拌該反應物2小時。將該混合物倒入至飽和NaHCO3
水溶液中並令殘餘物經DCM(3 x)萃取。令結合之有機層經水沖洗,置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,經通過棉花過濾並經蒸發以生成泡沫狀固體(95 mg)。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(EtOAc/己烷1:1)純化粗產物以生成化合物18(55 mg)。
將起始物18(800 mg,1.4毫莫耳,1當量)載入圓底燒瓶中。令該固體溶解於DCM和TFA(10 ml,1:1)溶液中。室溫下攪拌該溶液45分鐘。令反應物分佈於10%碳酸鈉溶液和DCM中。分離有機相並經10%碳酸鈉溶液沖洗。
濃縮該有機相至乾燥狀態。殘餘物係未經進一步之純化而用於下一個步驟中。
將溶解於THF/ACN(1:1,4 ml)中之起始物(300 mg,0.64毫莫耳,1當量)載入圓底燒瓶中。將37%甲醛水溶液(240 μl,3.22毫莫耳,5當量)和氰基氫硼化鈉(64 mg,1毫莫耳,1.6當量)載入至該反應物中。室溫下攪拌該混合物30分鐘。令反應物分佈於飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液和DCM中。分離有機相,經乾燥並經濃縮至乾燥狀態。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(MeOH/DCM 5:95→10:90)純化粗產物,生成所欲之產物。
將起始物20(30 mg,0.06毫莫耳,1當量)和10% Pd/C(30 mg)載入至圓底燒瓶中。令該等固體懸浮於吡啶
(2 ml)中。將該懸浮液置於氫氣環境下並令該混合物於室溫下經隔夜攪拌。令該反應混合物經通過寅氏鹽過濾並濃縮濾液至乾燥狀態。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(MeOH/DCM 5:95→10:90)純化粗產物,生成所欲之產物。([M+H]=497.7 m/z)。
將溶解於DCM(4 ml)中之起始物(85 mg,0.20毫莫耳,1當量)載入至圓底燒瓶中。將N
-(2-側氧基乙基)乙醯胺(80 mg,0.70毫莫耳,3.5當量)和三乙醯氧基氫硼化鈉(170 mg,0.80毫莫耳,4當量)載入至該反應物中。室溫下攪拌該混合物1小時。令該反應物分佈於飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液和DCM中。分離有機相,經乾燥並經濃縮至乾燥狀態。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(MeOH/DCM 5:95)純化粗產物,生成所欲之產物。([M+H]=511.7 m/z)。
依據實施例9所述之方法,利用N
-甲基-N
-(2-側氧基乙基)乙醯胺替代N
-(2-側氧基乙基)乙醯胺以合成化合物22。([M+H]=525.7 m/z)。
依據實施例10所述之方法,利用N
-(2-側氧基乙基)-3-苯基丙醯胺替代N
-(2-側氧基乙基)乙醯胺以合成化合物23。([M+H]=601.8 m/z)。
依據實施例10所述之方法,利用N
-甲基-N
-(2-側氧基乙基)-3-苯基丙醯胺替代N
-(2-側氧基乙基)乙醯胺以合成化合物23。([M+H]=615.9 m/z)。
將化合物6(4.23 g,9.94毫莫耳,1當量)和THF(60 ml)載入至圓底燒瓶中。加入三乙胺(6.92 ml,49.7毫莫耳,5.0當量)和氯甲酸苄酯(1.54 ml,10.93毫莫耳,1.1當量)並於室溫下攪拌該混合物1小時。令該反應混合物分佈於飽和碳酸氫鹽水溶液(100 ml)和EtOAc(100 ml)中。分離相層並令有機相經乾燥(Na2
SO4
)且經濃縮至乾燥狀態。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(EtOAc/己烷2:98→14:86)純化粗產物,生成所欲之產物(3.75 g)。
於0℃下令三氯化鈰七水合物(260 mg,0.69毫莫耳,1.3當量)之MeOH溶液(10 ml)與氫硼化鈉(24 mg,0.65毫莫耳,1.2當量)反應,經攪拌15分鐘並隨後冷卻至-78℃。加入酮26(300 mg,0.54毫莫耳,1當量)之THF溶液(10 ml),攪拌該混合物1小時並令其回溫至室溫。加入水(50 ml)和EtOAc(50 ml),經混合後令相層分離。收集有機層,經鹽水(30 ml)沖洗,置於硫酸鈉上乾燥並經濃縮以生成白色殘餘物。藉由矽膠閃蒸層析(醚/己烷2:3→1:1)純化粗產物,生成3-β醇27(235 mg)。
於配備有攪拌棒和橡膠隔板之燒瓶中,令化合物27(235 mg,0.42毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於EtOAc(7 ml)中。令該溶液經氮氣噴霧並加入10% Pd/C(濕態,Aldrich Degussa型號E101,50 mg)。令該混合物先後經氮氣和氫
氣噴霧並隨後於室溫下經攪拌3小時。令該混合物經氮氣噴霧,經通過0.45 μm聚乙烯膜過濾且經濃縮以生成澄清油狀物。藉由矽膠閃蒸層析(NH4
OH水溶液/MeOD/DCM 0.5:2:97.5→0.5:6:93.5)純化該油狀物,生成白色粉末之化合物25(130 mg)。([M+H]=427.4 m/z)。
於-78℃下令酮26(300 mg,0.54毫莫耳,1當量)之THF溶液(10 ml)與三另丁基氫硼化鉀(K-Selectride;0.58 ml,0.58毫莫耳,1.1當量)反應並經攪拌60分鐘。加入甲醇(1 ml)並令該溶液回溫至室溫。加入水(50 ml)和EtOAc(50 ml),經混合後令相層分離。令有機層經鹽水(30 ml)沖洗,置於硫酸鈉上乾燥且經濃縮以生成白色殘餘物。藉由矽膠閃蒸層析(醚/己烷2:3→1:14)純化粗產物,生成純3-α醇29(170 mg)。
於配備有攪拌棒和橡膠隔板之燒瓶中,令化合物29(170 mg,0.30毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於EtOAc(5 ml)中。令該溶液經氮氣噴霧並加入10% Pd/C(濕態,Aldrich Degussa型號E101,35 mg)。令該混合物先後經氮氣和氫氣噴霧並隨後於室溫下經攪拌3小時。令該混合物經氮氣噴霧,經通過0.45 μm聚乙烯膜過濾且經濃縮以生成澄清油狀物。藉由矽膠閃蒸層析(NH4
OH水溶液/MeOD/DCM 0.5:2:97.5→0.5:6:93.5)純化該油狀物,生成白色粉末之化合物28(76 mg)。([M+H]=427.4 m/z)。
令化合物27(100 mg,0.18毫莫耳,1當量)與苄基三乙基氯化銨(8 mg,0.36毫莫耳,0.2當量)溶解於DCM(5 ml)中並於室溫下與硫酸二甲酯(130 μl,1.43毫莫耳,8當量)和50%氫氧化鉀水溶液(0.5 ml)激烈攪拌達18小時。令該混合物分佈於水(30 ml)和EtOAc(30 ml)中並令有機層經鹽水沖洗,置於硫酸鈉上乾燥且經濃縮以生成澄清油狀物。藉由矽膠閃蒸層析(醚/己烷3:7→9:113)純化該粗醚,生成澄清油狀之甲醚(75 mg)。
於配備有攪拌棒和橡膠隔板之燒瓶中,令化合物31(66 mg,0.115毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於EtOAc(5 ml)中。令該溶液經氮氣噴霧並加入10% Pd/C(濕態,Aldrich Degussa型號E101,20 mg)。令該混合物先後經氮氣和氫氣噴霧並隨後於室溫下經攪拌3小時。令該混合物經氮氣
噴霧,經通過0.45 μm聚乙烯膜過濾且經濃縮以生成澄清油狀物。藉由矽膠閃蒸層析(NH4
OH水溶液/MeOD/DCM 0.5:2:97.5→0.5:6:93.5)純化該油狀物,生成白色粉末之化合物30(22 mg)。([M+H]=441.4 m/z)。
令化合物27(100 mg,0.18毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於DCM(5 ml)中並加入4-二甲基胺基吡啶(4 mg,0.35毫莫耳,0.2當量)、二異丙基乙胺(0.15 ml,0.9毫莫耳,5當量)及乙酸酐(0.070 ml,0.72毫莫耳,4當量)。經於室溫下攪拌12小時後,令該溶液分佈於EtOAc(30 m1)和5%碳酸氫鈉水溶液(15 ml)中。令有機層經鹽水沖洗,置於硫酸鈉上乾燥且經濃縮以生成澄清油狀物。藉由矽膠層析(醚/己烷3:7→9:113)純化該粗酯,生成澄清油狀之酯(100 mg)。
於配備有攪拌棒和橡膠隔板之燒瓶中,令化合物33(100 mg,0.18毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於EtOAc(5 ml)中。令該溶液經氮氣噴霧並加入10% Pd/C(濕態,Aldrich Degussa型號E101,20 mg)。令該混合物先後經氮氣和氫氣噴霧並隨後於室溫下經攪拌3小時。令該混合物經氮氣噴霧,經通過0.45 μm聚乙烯膜過濾且經濃縮以生成澄清油狀物。藉由矽膠閃蒸層析(NH4
OH水溶液/MeOD/DCM 0.5:2:97.5→0.5:6:93.5)純化該油狀物,生成白色粉末之化合物32(45 mg)。([M+H]=469.4 m/z)。
依據實施例16所述之方法,利用化合物29替代化合物27以合成化合物34。([M+H]=441.4 m/z)。
依據實施例17所述之方法,利用化合物29替代化合物27以合成化合物35。MS([M+H]=469.4 m/z)。
令化合物26(185 mg,0.3毫莫耳,1當量)之乙醇溶液(5 ml)與羥基胺氫氯化物(140 mg,2毫莫耳,6當量)、乙酸鈉(160 mg,2毫莫耳,6當量)及水(0.5 ml)反應並於室溫下攪拌該混合物1小時。令該混合物分佈於EtOAc(50 ml)和水(50 ml)中。令有機層經鹽水(30 ml)沖洗,置於硫酸鈉
上乾燥且經濃縮以生成白色殘餘物。藉由矽膠層析(醚/己烷2:3→1:1)純化粗產物,生成肟37(193 mg)。
於配備有攪拌棒和橡膠隔板之燒瓶中,令化合物37(65 mg,0.113毫莫耳)溶解於EtOAc(7 ml)中。令該溶液經氮氣噴霧並加入10% Pd/C(濕態,Aldrich Degussa型號E101,20 mg)。令該混合物先後經氮氣和氫氣噴霧並隨後於室溫下經攪拌3小時。令該混合物經氮氣噴霧,經通過0.45 μm聚乙烯膜過濾且經濃縮以生成澄清油狀物。藉由矽膠閃蒸層析(NH4
OH水溶液/MeOD/DCM 0.5:2:97.5→0.5:6:93.5)純化該油狀物,生成白色粉末之化合物36(15 mg),其係為順式和反式肟異構物之混合物。([M+H]=440.3 m/z)。
令化合物27(42 mg,0.075毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於DCM(5 ml)中並加入4-二甲基胺基吡啶(2 mg,0.02毫莫耳,0.2當量)、N-Cbz甘胺酸(23 mg,0.110毫莫耳,1.5當量)及二異丙基碳二醯亞胺(0.023 ml,0.150毫莫耳,2當量)。經於室溫下攪拌12小時後,令該溶液分佈於EtOAc(30 ml)和5%碳酸氫鈉水溶液(15 ml)中。令有機層經鹽水沖洗,置於硫酸鈉上乾燥並經濃縮成澄清油狀物。藉由矽膠閃蒸層析(醚/己烷2:3→1:1)純化該粗酯,生成澄清油狀之酯(35 mg)。
於配備有攪拌棒和橡膠隔板之燒瓶中,令化合物39(235 mg,0.42毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於EtOAc(7 ml)中。令該溶液經氮氣噴霧並加入10% Pd/C(濕態,Aldrich Degussa型號E101,50 mg)。令該混合物先後經氮氣和氫
氣噴霧並隨後於室溫下經攪拌3小時。令該混合物經氮氣噴霧,經通過0.45 μm聚乙烯膜過濾且經濃縮以生成澄清油狀物。藉由矽膠閃蒸層析(NH4
OH水溶液/MeOD/DCM 0.5:2:97.5→0.5:6:93.5)純化該油狀物,生成白色粉末之所欲產物(17 mg)。([M+H]=452.4 m/z)。
依據實施例21所述之方法,利用化合物29替代化合物27以合成化合物40。([M+H]=452.4 m/z)。
依據實施例10所述之方法,利用N
-(2-側氧基乙基)-2-苯基乙醯胺替代N
-(2-側氧基乙基)乙醯胺以合成化合物41。([M+H]=587.7 m/z)。
將溶解於DCM(115 ml)中之醇29(7.60 g,13.53毫莫耳,1當量)載入圓底燒瓶中。將三乙胺(8.21 g,81毫莫耳,6.0當量)載入至反應物中。冷卻該混合物至0℃並載入甲烷磺醯氯(1.86 g,16.2毫莫耳,1.2當量)。經30分鐘後,令反應混合物分佈於飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液和EtOAc中。分離有機層,置於硫酸鈉上乾燥並經濃縮至乾燥狀態。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(EtOAc/己烷10→25%)純化殘餘物,生成所欲之甲磺酸酯。
將溶解於DMPU(50 ml)中之該甲磺酸酯(9.1 g,14.22毫莫耳,1當量)載入圓底燒瓶中。將疊氮化鈉(4.62 g,71.1毫莫耳,5.0當量)載入該反應物中並加熱至60℃。攪拌該混合物17小時。令該反應混合物冷卻至室溫並載入水。攪拌該混合物30分鐘。令該混合物經真空過濾,經水輕洗及空氣乾燥,且未經純化而直接用於下一個步驟中
將疊氮化物43(8.35 g,14.23毫莫耳,1當量)載入至圓底燒瓶中並加入THF(120 ml)。將三苯膦(11.2 g,42.7毫莫耳,3.0當量)載入至該反應物中。加熱該混合物至50℃並進行攪拌達20小時。冷卻該反應混合物至室溫並於真空下除去溶劑。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(MeOH/DCM 10%→20%)純化殘餘物以生成胺。
將溶解於DCM(60 ml)中之該胺(5.10 g,9.09毫莫耳,1當量)載入至圓底燒瓶中。將二異丙基乙胺(5.88 g,45.5毫莫耳,5.0當量)載入至該反應物中。令該混合物冷卻至0℃並載入甲烷磺醯氯(2.08 g,18.2毫莫耳,2.0當量)。經30分鐘後,令反應混合物分佈於飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液和EtOAc中。收集有機層,置於硫酸鈉上乾燥並經濃縮至乾燥狀態。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(EtOAc/己烷10→30%)純化殘餘物以生成經Cbz保護之甲烷磺醯胺。
將該經Cbz保護之甲烷磺醯胺(5.37 g,8.41毫莫耳,1當量)和10% Pd/C(1.0 g)載入至圓底燒瓶中。令該等固體懸浮於2-丙醇(50 ml)中。將該懸浮液置於氫氣環境下並於25℃下攪拌該混合物4小時。令該反應混合物經通過寅氏鹽過濾並濃縮濾液至乾燥狀態。利用矽膠閃蒸層析(DCM/MeOH 0→5%)純化殘餘物以生成所欲之產物。[M+H]=505.6 m/z。
將該胺42(1.1 g,2.1毫莫耳,1當量)、乾四氫呋喃(10 ml)及吡啶(880 u1,10.9毫莫耳,5當量)載入至圓底燒瓶中。令經冷卻(0℃)之該混合物與過氧化苯醯(1.6 g,6.5毫莫耳,3當量)反應。於0℃下攪拌該混合物2小時並隨後於25℃下進行隔夜攪拌。令該反應混合物經MTBE稀釋並經飽和NaHCO3
水溶液與1N NaOH之混合物沖洗,直至相層分離。收集有機層並利用MTBE再萃取水層一次。令結合之有機層經鹽水沖洗,置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,經過濾並經濃縮至乾燥狀態。令粗油狀物溶解於CH2
Cl2
(5 ml)中,負載於SiO2
(40 g)管柱上並經己烷/EtOAc(10%至50%)洗提以生成苯甲醯基衍生物48(380 mg)。([M+H]=625.4 m/z)。
將化合物48(374 mg,0.6毫莫耳,1當量)和MeOH(5 ml)載入圓底燒瓶中。令該溶液於25℃且於2N KOH(0.3 ml,0.6毫莫耳,1當量)之存在下進行反應。攪拌該混合物
3小時。真空下除去溶劑。將MTBE加入至殘餘物中並經1N HCl中和。切割相層並令水層經兩份CH2
Cl2
萃取。令結合之有機層置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,經過濾並經濃縮至乾燥狀態。令粗產物(380 mg)溶解於CH2
Cl2
中,負載於SiO2
(12 g)管柱上並經己烷/EtOAc(0至100%)洗提以生成羥基胺47。該產物自t-BuOH/7%水經冷凍乾燥以生成白色粉末之羥基胺47(213 mg)。([M+H]=521.4 m/z)。
將乾CH2
Cl2
(5 ml)和苄醇(785 ul,7.58毫莫耳,1.3當量)載入經熱槍乾燥之燒瓶中。令經冷卻(0℃)之該溶液與氯磺醯基異氰酸酯(506 ul,5.83毫莫耳,1當量)反應。隨後加入DMAP(1.4 g,11.6毫莫耳,2當量)並於25℃下攪拌該混合物1小時。經DMAP完全溶解後,反應物短暫
呈澄清。隨後生成白色鬆散之沉澱物。令該混合物經CH2
Cl2
(30 ml)稀釋並經水(30 ml)沖洗3次。令有機層置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,經過濾並經蒸發至乾燥狀態。所欲之白色固體51係未經純化而用於下一個步驟中。
將化合物52(30 mg,0.053毫莫耳,1當量)和化合物51(18 mg,0.053毫莫耳,1當量)載入圓底燒瓶中。令該兩試劑溶解於CH2
Cl2
(2 ml)中並於25℃下攪拌該溶液。將粗產物負載於SiO2
(4 g)管柱上並經己烷/EtOAc(0至50%)洗提以生成胺磺醯化衍生物53(16 mg)。([M+Na]=796.4 m/z)。
將化合物53(16 mg,0.021毫莫耳,1當量)和10% Pd/C(濕態,Aldrich Degussa型號E101,11 mg)載入圓底燒瓶中。令反應物懸浮於2-丙醇(3 ml)中。密封該燒瓶並令其經氫氣清洗3次且於氫氣(1大氣壓)下隔夜靜置。令漿泥經通過0.2微米Acrodisc過濾,經2-丙醇沖洗並於真空下除去溶劑。藉由SiO2
(1 g)管柱並經CH2
Cl2
/MeOH(5至10%)洗提以純化殘餘物。自t-BuOH/7%水冷凍乾燥主產物以生成磺醯胺50(9 mg)。([M+H]=506.4 m/z)。
將環杷明4-烯-3-酮(3.5 g,8.5毫莫耳,1當量)和吡啶(70 ml)載入圓底燒瓶中。將Pd/C(10% Pd,500 mg)載入該反應器中。將反應物置於氫氣(1大氣壓)下。經3.5小時後,LC/MS分析顯示起始物已消耗殆盡。於Acrodisk 0.2微米濾膜上過濾除去觸媒並令該觸媒經甲苯沖洗。藉由與甲苯(2×10 ml)共沸以除去該溶劑。於下一個步驟中使用所得之產物56(3.5 g)。([M+H]=412.5 m/z)。
將化合物56(1.2 g,2.8毫莫耳,1當量)、CH2
Cl2
(10 ml)及三乙胺(1.9 ml,14.2毫莫耳,5當量)載入圓底燒瓶中
。令該經冷卻(0℃)之溶液與CBz-Cl(440 ul,2.8毫莫耳,1當量)反應。經1小時後,LC/MS分析顯示起始物已消耗殆盡。令該混合物經水稀釋。分離相層並令有機層經水沖洗2次。將該有機層置於硫酸鈉上乾燥,經過濾並經濃縮至乾燥狀態。藉由管柱層析(SiO2
,40 g;經己烷/EtOAc(0至20%)洗提)純化產物以生成化合物57(891 mg)。([M+Na]=468.4 m/z)。
於圓底燒瓶中,令該酮57與CH2
Cl2
共沸數次並於真空下經乾燥1小時。於氮氣下,令該酮2(693 mg,1.27毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於無水THF(20 ml)中並冷卻該溶液至-78℃。逐滴加入三另丁基氫硼化鉀(K-Selectride)於THF中之1M溶液(1.9 ml,1.9毫莫耳,1.5當量)。經1小時後,TLC分析顯示反應已完全。藉由加入5N NaOH水溶液(2.6 ml)以驟冷該反應並隨後緩慢加入30重量% H2
O2
(2.6 ml)。令所生成之混合物經隔夜攪拌。令該混合物分佈於
水和EtOAc中。令水層再經EtOAc萃取。令結合之有機相先經水(經少量氯化銨緩衝化)再經鹽水沖洗。令該有機相經乾燥、過濾及濃縮成粗泡沫產物(840 mg)。令該粗產物溶解於CH2
Cl2
中並負載於SiO2
(40 g)管柱上且經己烷/EtOAc(0至50%)洗提以生成化合物58(565 mg)。
於圓底燒瓶中且於氮氣下,令該醇58(530 mg,0.98毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於無水CH2
Cl2
(5 ml)和三乙胺(800 ul,5.81毫莫耳,6當量)中。令該反應混合物冷卻至0℃並逐滴加入Ms-Cl(112 ul,1.45毫莫耳,1.5當量)。於0℃下攪拌該混合物30分鐘。TLC(己烷:EtOAC,7:3)分析顯示約70%轉化率。將三乙胺(70 ul,0.5當量)和Ms-Cl(10 ul,0.1當量)載入該反應槽中。經90分鐘後,載入飽和碳酸氫鹽溶液並令殘餘物經CH2
Cl2
萃取。令有機層經水沖洗,經乾燥及濃縮以生成灰白色泡沫。令該產物溶解於
CH2
Cl2
中並經SiO2
(40 g)純化(經己烷/EtOAc(0至50%)洗提)以牛成化合物59(430 mg)。
於圓底燒瓶中,令該甲磺酸鹽59(420 mg,0.67毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於DMPU(2 ml)中。於60℃下令該溶液與疊氮化鈉(218 mg,3.4毫莫耳,5當量)反應5小時。令該混合物冷卻至25℃並隨後倒入至冰水中以生成白色固體。利用MTBE萃取該化合物3次。令結合之有機層經水沖洗(2 x)並隨後再經鹽水沖洗。將有機層置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥,隨後經過濾和濃縮以生成白色泡沫(342 mg)。所生成之化合物60係用於下一個步驟中。
於配備有冷凝管之圓底燒瓶中,令該疊氮化物60(336 mg,0.58毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於THF(7 ml)和水(140 ul)中並與三苯膦(462 mg,1.76毫莫耳,3當量)反應。隔夜加熱該混合物至70℃。TLC(己烷/EtOAc,7:3)分析證實該反應已完全。濃縮該反應物至乾燥狀態。令粗產物溶解於CH2
Cl2
中並負載於SiO2
(12 g)上且經CH2
Cl2
/MeOH(0至20%)洗提以生成胺61(254 mg)。
於圓底燒瓶中且於氮氣下,令該胺61(248 mg,0.45毫莫耳,1當量)溶解於無水CH2
Cl2
(7 ml)和二異丙基乙胺(237 ul,0.91毫莫耳,2當量)中。冷卻該反應混合物至0℃並逐滴加入Ms-Cl(70 ul,1.45毫莫耳,1.5當量)。於0℃下攪拌該混合物2小時。TLC(己烷/EtOAc,7:3)分析顯示僅殘留少量之胺。將Ms-Cl(10 ul,0.2當量)載入該混合物中並令該混合物回溫至25℃達1小時。令該反應混合物先後經CH2
Cl2
和飽和NaHCO3
溶液稀釋。分離相層。令水層經CH2
Cl2
(1 x)萃取。令結合之有機層經水沖洗,置於Na2
SO4
上乾燥並經過濾且濃縮至乾燥狀態。將粗產物(326 mg)載入至SiO2
(12 g)管柱上並經己烷/EtOAc(0至50%)洗提以生成磺醯胺62(256 mg)。
將該磺醯胺62(250 mg,0.4毫莫耳,1當量)和10%
Pd/C(50 mg,濕態,Aldrich Degussa型號E101,批號08331KC)載入圓底燒瓶中。令該反應物懸浮於EtOAc(5 ml)中。密封該燒瓶並經氫氣清洗3次且於氫氣(1大氣壓)下進行攪拌。經3小時後,觀察到部分轉化反應但仍殘留許多起始物。令該漿泥經通過0.2微米Acrodisc濾膜過濾並經2-丙醇沖洗。藉由加入該觸媒(54 mg)使該濾液溶液再進行反應。經3小時後該反應完全。令該漿泥經通過0.2微米Acrodisc濾膜過濾並經2-丙醇沖洗,且令濾液經濃縮至乾燥狀態。將粗產物(200 mg)負載於SiO2
(12 g)管柱上並令該化合物經CH2
Cl2
/MeOH(0至10%)梯度液洗提以生成自由胺。令該產物自特丁醇/7%水冷凍乾燥以生成白色粉末之化合物55(175 mg)。([M+H]=491.3 m/z)。
利用下述之分析測定可確定對猬代謝途徑具專一性之癌細胞殺死功效。C3H10T1/2細胞當與音波猬肽(Shh-N)接觸時係分化為成骨細胞。經分化,該成骨細胞係產生大量之鹼性磷酸酶(AP),該AP可於酶催化反應分析中測定(Nakamuraet al
.,1997BBRC
237:465)。因此,藉由測定AP產量之減少可鑑別出能阻斷C3H10T1/2細胞分化為成骨細胞(其係取決於Shh)之化合物(van der Horstet al
.,2003Bone
33:899)。該分析測定之細節係描述如下。該分化分析測定之結果(抑制作用EC50
值)係示於下述之表1。
於37℃下且於5% CO2
大氣中,於基礎MEM培養基(Gibco/Invitrogen;其係經補充10%經熱去活化之FBS(Hyclone)、50單位/ml青黴素及50 ug/ml鏈酶素(Gibco/Invitrogen))中培養小鼠胚胎中胚層纖維母細胞C3H10T1/2(得自於ATCC)。
將C3H10T1/2細胞塗覆於96孔槽盤上且細胞密度為8×103
細胞/孔槽。經72小時令細胞匯合生長。該細胞經音波猬(250 ng/ml)及/或化合物處理後,令該細胞於溶胞緩衝液(110 μl,50 mM Tris pH 7.4,0.1% TritonX100)中溶胞,該盤經超音波處理且令溶胞產物經通過0.2 μm PVDF盤(Corning)旋轉。於含有1 mg/ml對硝基苯基磷酸鹽之鹼性緩衝液(Sigma)中測定溶胞產物(40 μl)之AP活性。經於37℃下培育30分鐘後,藉由Envision盤讀數器(於405 nm下)對該等盤讀數。利用BCA蛋白質分析套組(購自於Pierce)並依據製造商之指示,定量總蛋白質量。依據該總蛋白質量校正AP活性。“A”表示IC50
值係低於20 nM,“B”表示IC50
值係介於20至100 nM,且“C”表示IC50
值係大於100 nM。
於人胰臟模式中測試化合物42之活性:將BXPC-3細胞皮下移植至小鼠右腿腹內。在腫瘤移植後第42天,將小鼠隨機分為兩組以分別接受載體(30%HPBCD)或化合物42。化合物42之劑量為40 mg/kg/天。經接受25次每日劑量後,與載體對照組相比較,化合物42於統計上係減少腫瘤體積生長達40%(p=0.0309)。於此研究終了時,
藉由猬代謝途徑基因之q-RT PCR分析,於最後一次投遞劑量後4小時收集腫瘤以評估標的反應。人Gli-1分析之結果顯示未產生調節作用。鼠Gli-1 mRNA量之分析結果顯示化合物處理組與載體對照組相比較係產生強健之向下調節之作用。
亦於轉殖基因小鼠之神經管胚細胞癌模式中評估化合物42之活性。於腫瘤抑制基因Patched1(Ptch1)和癌高甲基化(Hic1)上喪失功能突變之雜合子小鼠係發展自發性神經管胚細胞癌。類似於人神經管胚細胞癌,該等腫瘤證實繼續存在之Hic1對等基因的完全啟動子高甲基化以及喪失野生型Ptch1對等基因之表現。當繼代為皮下異源移植時,該等腫瘤具侵略性地生長且係取決於猬代謝途徑。使用此模式以評估經口服投遞之化合物的功效且使活性與曝露於血漿和腫瘤中之藥物產生關連。於皮下移植腫瘤之模式中,口服(PO)單一劑量之化合物42係導致取決於劑量地向下調節猬代謝途徑(其係於投服劑量後8小時測量降低之Gli-1 mRNA之表現)。
每日(QD)口服化合物係導致取決於劑量之抑制腫瘤生長之作用且於較高之劑量下觀察到明顯之腫瘤退化現象。達到抑制腫瘤生長50%之大略有效每日口服劑量(ED50
值)係4 mg/kg。當動物係經每日治療達21天時,自停止治療後觀察到長期存活(>60天)且僅有些許至完全沒有之腫瘤
再度生長。
為測試化合物42於人SCLC腫瘤模式中之活性,將LX22細胞經皮下移植至右腿腹內。LX22細胞係衍生自為化學純真之病患的SCLC初級異種移植模式,且該LX22細胞業已經小鼠繼代至小鼠之方式維持。該腫瘤反應鬼臼亞乙苷(etoposide)/碳鉑化學治療之方式係緊密地與臨床設定(clinical setting)相似。LX22細胞於化學治療期間退化,通過一段緩解(remission)期並隨後開始再度生長。於此LX22細胞模式中,測試化合物單一試劑活性及其調節該抗化學藥劑再度生長之能力。於腫瘤移植後第32天,將小鼠隨機分配為3個劑量組以接受載體(30%HBPCD)、化合物或該鬼臼亞乙苷和碳鉑(E/P)化學治療組合。化合物42之投服劑量係40 mg/kg/天且經16次連續劑量投遞後,治療組與載體組間並無可測量到之差異。在腫瘤移植後,於第34、35、36及48天經靜脈注射鬼臼亞乙苷(12 mg/kg)且於第34、41及48天經靜脈注射碳鉑(60 mg/kg)。於第50天,將經該E/P處理之小鼠進一步經隨機分配以接受載體(30%HPBCD)或化合物隨後治療。該化合物係以口服多重劑量MTD為40 mg/kg/天之方式投服且經35次連續劑量投遞後,相對於該載體組,於該治療組觀察到實質延遲腫瘤之再度生長(p=0.0101)。
本文引述之所有美國專利和美國公開之專利申請案係併入本文作為參考。
熟習此技藝之人士僅利用一般實驗當能認定或能確認相當於本文所述之本發明之特定較佳體系的許多對等物。該等對等物係含括於下述之申請專利範圍中。
Claims (18)
- 一種下式結構所示之化合物
或其藥學上可接受之鹽;其中R1 係H、烷基、-OR、胺基、磺醯胺基、磺醯二胺基、-OC(O)R5 、-N(R5 )C(O)R5 或糖;R2 係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、腈或雜環烷基;或R1 和R2 一起形成=O、=S、=N(OR)、=N(R)、=N(NR2 )或=C(R)2 ;R3 係H、烷基、烯基或炔基;R4 係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基、雜芳烷基、鹵烷基、-OR、-C(O)R5 、-CO2 R5 、-SO2 R5 、-C(O)N(R5 )(R5 )、-[C(R)2 ]q -R5 、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]q R5 、-[(W)-C(O)]q R5 、-[(W)-C(O)O]q R5 、-[(W)-OC(O)]q R5 、-[(W)-SO2 ]q R5 、-[(W)-N(R5 )SO2 ]q R5 、-[(W)-C(O)N(R5 )]q R5 、-[(W)-O]q R5 、-[(W)-N(R)]q R5 、-W-NR3 + X- 或-[(W)-S]q R5 ;其中每個W於每次出現時係各別為二價基;每個q於每次出現時係各別為1、2、3、4、5或6;每個R係各別為H、烷基或芳基; X- 係鹵化物;每個R5 於每次出現時係各別為H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基、芳烷基、雜芳基、雜芳烷基或-[C(R)2 ]p -R6 ;其中p係0至6;或於相同取代基上任兩個R5 可一起形成4至8員且含有0至3個選自N、O、S或P之雜原子的可選擇經取代之環;每個R6 係各別為羥基、-N(R)COR、-N(R)C(O)OR、-N(R)SO2 (R)、-C(O)N(R)2 、-OC(O)N(R)(R)、-SO2 N(R)(R)、-N(R)(R)、-COOR、-C(O)N(OH)(R)、-OS(O)2 OR、-S(O)2 OR、-OP(O)(OR)(OR)、-NP(O)(OR)(OR)或-P(O)(OR)(OR);唯其當R2 和R3 係H且R4 係羥基時,R1 不可為羥基;唯其當R2 、R3 及R4 係H時,R1 不可為羥基;且唯其當R2 、R3 及R4 係H時,R1 不可為糖。 - 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中R1 係H、羥基、烷氧基、芳氧基或胺基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中R1 和R2 及與彼等鍵結之碳一起形成=O、=N(OR)或=S。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中R3 係H。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中R4 係H、烷基、羥基、芳烷基、-[C(R)2 ]q -R5 、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]q R5 、-[(W)-N(R)SO2 ]q R5 、-[(W)-C(O)N(R)]q R5 、-[(W)-O]q R5 、-[(W)-C(O)]q R5 或 -[(W)-C(O)O]q R5 。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中R1 係H或-OR且R2 係H或烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中R3 係H或烷基且R2 係H或烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中R1 和R2 及與彼等鍵結之碳一起形成=O、=N(OR)或=S且R3 係H。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中R4 係H、烷基、-OR、芳烷基、-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]q R5 、-[(W)-N(R)SO2 ]q R5 、-[(W)-C(O)N(R)]q R5 、-[(W)-O]q R5 、-[(W)-C(O)]q R5 或-[(W)-C(O)O]q R5 ,且R3 係H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、環烷基、雜環烷基或芳烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物,其中R4 係H、烷基、芳烷基、-[(W)-C(O)N(R)]q R5 或-[(W)-N(R)C(O)]q R5 。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中R1 係磺醯胺基。
- 一種選自下述之化合物:
- 一種經分離之化合物,其選自:
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包含如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之化合物及至少一種藥學上可接受之賦形劑。
- 一種下式結構所示之化合物
或其藥學上可接受之鹽。 - 如申請專利範圍第15項之化合物,其中該藥學上可接受之鹽係氫氯化物鹽。
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包含下式結構所示之化合物
或其藥學上可接受之鹽及至少一種藥學上可接受之賦形劑。 - 如申請專利範圍第17項之醫藥組成物,其中該藥學上可接受之鹽係氫氯化物鹽。
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