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TWI390904B - 無線區域網路服務管理品質 - Google Patents

無線區域網路服務管理品質 Download PDF

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TWI390904B
TWI390904B TW098102100A TW98102100A TWI390904B TW I390904 B TWI390904 B TW I390904B TW 098102100 A TW098102100 A TW 098102100A TW 98102100 A TW98102100 A TW 98102100A TW I390904 B TWI390904 B TW I390904B
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traffic
traffic flow
level
service
quality
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TW098102100A
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TW200947964A (en
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Maged Zaki
Teresa Joanne Hunkeler
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Interdigital Tech Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/11—Identifying congestion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/13—Flow control; Congestion control in a LAN segment, e.g. ring or bus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/15—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to multipoint traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04L47/20—Traffic policing
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    • H04L47/22—Traffic shaping
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    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2441—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS relying on flow classification, e.g. using integrated services [IntServ]
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    • H04L47/2491—Mapping quality of service [QoS] requirements between different networks
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    • H04L47/32—Flow control; Congestion control by discarding or delaying data units, e.g. packets or frames
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/02—Access restriction performed under specific conditions
    • H04W48/06—Access restriction performed under specific conditions based on traffic conditions
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    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/543—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria based on requested quality, e.g. QoS
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    • H04W8/04—Registration at HLR or HSS [Home Subscriber Server]
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    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
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    • H04W72/566—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient
    • H04W72/569—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient of the traffic information
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Description

無線區域網路服務管理品質
本發明關於無線區域網路(WLAN)，尤指在無線區域網路管理服務品質(QoS)規格的方法及系統。
無線通訊系統為人所熟知。通常，此種系統包括通訊台，彼此之間傳輸及接收無線通訊信號。根據系統的類型，通訊台通常是以下二種之一：基地台或包含行動單元的無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)。
本文所使用的基地台一詞包含但不限於基地台、節點B、基地台控制器、存取點(AP)、或在無線環境的其他介面裝置(提供無線傳輸/接收單元對配合基地台之網路的無線存取)。在無線區域網路中，存取點是較佳裝置，本文用來描述本發明。
本文所使用的無線傳輸/接收單元一詞包含但不限於使用者設備、行動台、固定或行動用戶單元、傳呼機、或可以在無線環境操作之任何類型的裝置。無線傳輸/接收單元包含個人通訊裝置，諸如電話、視訊電話、具有網路連接的網路電話。除此之外，無線傳輸/接收單元包含攜帶式個人計算裝置，諸如具有類似網路能力之無線數據機的PDA及筆記型電腦。可以攜帶或可以改變場合的無線傳輸/接收單元稱為行動單元。在無線區域網路中，台(STA)是較佳裝置，本文用來描述本發明。
依據IEEE 802.11標準家族之一，建立具有一個以上存取點的流行無線區域網路環境。基本服務設置(BSS)是802.11無線區域網 路的基本架構，由複數個STA組成。可以互相交談的一組STA可以形成基本服務設置。多個基本服務設置經由稱為分散系統(DS)的架構元件來互連，形成延展服務設置(ESS)。存取點是藉由提供分散系統服務來存取分散系統的STA，通常允許藉由多個STA同時存取分散系統。
廣泛使用符合802.11a/b/g無線區域網路標準的系統。夠格的無線區域網路也出現。服務品質解決方案/規格在專屬解決方案及標準解決方案之間不同，甚至標準解決方案有二種服務品質機制，也就是說：802.11e加強分散協調功能(EDCA)及802.11e混合協調功能(HCCA)機制。
802.11e服務品質設施定義只用於服務品質加強基本服務設置(QBSS)的新混合協調功能(HCF)。混合協調功能具有二作業模式：具有競爭作業(也稱為EDCA)的混合協調功能及具有輪詢存取作業的混合協調功能。
這些頻道存取功能所利用的基本觀念是傳輸機會(TXOP)。傳輸機會是當STA可以開始傳輸框指定期間時的時間點。在傳輸機會期間，STA可以在傳輸機會中盡量傳輸愈多的框，依據配合資料的訊務等級而設定(TC)。
EDCA及HCCA之間的主要差異是如何掌握容許控制。在EDCA中，分散容許控制(DAC)功能掌握容許控制，測量各個訊務等級之介質的利用百分比。介質的未用百分比稱為訊務等級的可以用傳輸預算。當傳輸預算趨近零時，限制了新增訊務流量或修改現存訊務流量。
在HCCA中，根據訊務流量的訊務等級，STA要求各個訊務流 量的特定保留參數。然後混合協調功能可以拒絕、接受、或提供另一組的參數給要求的STA。這雖然比分散容許控制好，但是必須將訊務流量適當排程。
在無線區域網路管理服務品質(QoS)的方法開始接收訊務流量。根據訊務流量的服務品質要求，訊務流量映射至訊務等級(TC)。計算存取等級(AC)的傳輸預算，各個存取等級包含至少一訊務等級。藉由計算傳輸預算是否可以支持訊務流量，判定是否可以容許訊務流量。如果容許訊務流量，則調整訊務等級的參數，管理現存訊務流量及新容許訊務流量之間之訊務等級的碰撞。
在無線區域網路管理服務品質的方法開始接收訊務流要求，包含含有訊務流之參數的訊務規格(TSPEC)。分析包含在訊務規格的參數，判定是否可以容許訊務流。如果可以容許而不改變參數，則容許訊務流。如果可以藉由改變參數來容許訊務流，則重新協商參數，然後容許具有重新協商之參數的訊務流。如果不能容許，則拒絕訊務流。
第1圖顯示一般服務品質架構100。架構100可以應用於分散協調功能(DCF)、加強分散協調功能(EDCA)、或混合協調功能(HCF)控制頻道存取(HCCA)機制。架構100包含實體層102、介質存取控制(MAC)層104、網路層106。網路層106包含服務品質程序，諸如訊務分類器、訊務塑型、排程器、參數化、容許控制、訊務監視/管制、調適。
第2圖顯示上位服務品質程序200，以處理傳輸的通訊資料。從較高層接收訊務流量(也就是說，至少一資料封包)(步驟202)。訊務流量依據對接收之特定類型之通訊資料的服務品質要求分成訊務等級(TC)(步驟204)。
在容許控制中，應用從存取點要求特定資源，諸如頻寬及延遲。根據服務品質要求、網路負載、無線介質條件、訊務流量，容許控制可以接受或拒絕這些要求(步驟206)。
訊務塑型用來控制訊務流量，以免使頻道過載(步驟208)。在訊務塑型期間，某些資料的傳輸可以延遲，當到達最大資料速率或量時，可以丟下過量資料。
根據優先權及服務品質要求，藉由控制不同訊務流量的頻道存取，排程器判定何時應送出資料封包(步驟210)。
根據服務品質要求，介質存取控制參數化處理設定及動態調整系統參數。對於各個訊務等級設定這些參數，包含最小競爭窗(CWmin)值、最大競爭窗(CWmax)值、任意介面空間(AIFS)值、持續因數(PF)值、傳輸機會值(步驟212)。在EDCA中，競爭窗(CW)在碰撞後由持續因數值擴展。持續因數值判定在碰撞後競爭窗是否加倍、三倍等等。
監視及管制資料封包以控制訊務流量(步驟214)。監視上行封包到達間隔時間(來自封包時間戳)及下行封包出發間隔時間。對於各個流量提供反饋，諸如錯過的期限數目(多少次資料延遲比特定服務類型的允許延遲長)及延遲變異(也就是說，顫動)。
調整系統設定以配合改變網路條件(步驟216)。在調適期間，根據得自訊務監視功能的反饋，排程器：改變其排程；重新協商 與較高層的接觸，其中排程器可以要求較高層降低訊務，對於特殊服務提供較小頻寬，或容許較少使用者；丟下低優先權訊務流量；或改變參數以配合目前情況。
反饋功能提供調適功能所產生的反饋給其他功能(步驟218)。
分散協調功能基礎的服務品質程序
配合第2圖所描述的一般概要可以用於分散協調功能基礎的服務品質演算法及程序。對於分散協調功能情形，所有訊務流量可以假設相等。為了確保訊務流量之間的公平性，可以經由排程控制每個使用者之下行存取機會的相對數目。可以應用不同的公平性觀念。舉例來說，可以嘗試確保所有使用者具有相同大小的下行頻寬，所有使用者具有相當的goodput(具有重新傳輸的傳輸率)，或所有封包具有類似的排隊延遲。
雖然不能直接控制上行排程，但是對於TCP訊務，存取點可以在送到分散系統前操縱上行TCP ACK。這允許間接控制各別STA所傳輸之上行訊務的速率。
分散協調功能也可以在訊務塑型實施封包丟棄功能，最好與排程管制一致(例如，如果使用者頻寬太高，如果封包排隊太久等等，則丟棄封包)。在擁擠時間，藉由降低介質存取控制排程機會，可以限制使用者的最大下行頻寬。根據控制封包的排隊延遲，下行排程可優先化。
可以限制具有高錯誤率之使用者的下行頻寬。具有高錯誤率表示下一傳輸錯誤(浪費頻寬)的機率較高。錯誤也表示存取點必須增加其競爭窗，降低對於頻寬的存取。
在分散協調功能基礎的程序中，根據可用的無線電資源及鏈 條件，容許控制用來容許使用者。在使用者被容許後，藉由延遲訊務或藉由丟下封包，訊務塑型可以用來掌控過載情況。根據包含公平性的許多要求，排程器用來選出哪個使用者送出下一封包。
EDCA基礎的服務品質程序
第3圖顯示EDCA基礎的服務品質程序300的高階流程圖。訊務流量(也就是說，一個以上的資料封包)接收自較高層(步驟302)。根據其服務品質要求，訊務流量映射至適當訊務等級(TC)(步驟304)。動態根據服務品質要求及網路性能的先前觀察窗(也就是說，頻道品質及訊務負載)，訊務流量最好映射至不同訊務等級。檢查各個封包的優先權，連同系統中的目前訊務負載、最後信標間隔的測量、網路條件(步驟306)。
服務品質的目的是分離高優先權訊務與低優先權訊務。在無線區域網路中，可能必須分離一高優先權訊務流量與另一高優先權訊務流量，以避免使介質過載。藉由監視無線區域網路之可用的資源並判定是否容許新的訊務流量，容許控制用於此目的。
在容許控制(具有EDCA的分散容許控制)中，對於各個存取等級(AC)界定傳輸預算；各個訊務等級映射至存取等級，存取等級可以包含一個以上的訊務等級。此機制對於服務品質要求的各個等級(每個存取等級所界定)考慮延遲及延遲要求，傳輸預算取決於先前觀察窗的觀察測量，諸如錯過的期限數目、傳輸率、延遲變異。傳輸預算也依據來自訊務監視/管制功能的反饋來調整。
為了判定訊務流量是否滿足容許標準(步驟308)，評估傳輸預算。只在有充分資源時(也就是說，如果傳輸預算大到足以支持訊務流量)，才容許訊務流量。每個存取等級的傳輸預算等於存取等 級的最大允許傳輸預算減去存取等級已使用的傳輸預算。
如果滿足容許標準(步驟308)，則根據最新條件及觀察的測量，動態調整目前訊務等級的參數(步驟310)。如果不滿足容許標準，則訊務流量丟棄或緩衝(步驟312)。訊務流量是否丟棄或緩衝取決於其優先權(例如，服務的類型或等級)。緩衝較高優先權訊務流量，而丟棄較低優先權訊務流量。舉例來說，如果訊務流量關於緊急服務資料，則要緩衝，而如果訊務流量關於正常背景資料，諸如FTP資料，則丟棄訊務流量。如果訊務流量緩衝，則程序300繼續步驟308如上述。
在容許或丟棄目前訊務流量後，排程器根據各個訊務流量的優先權管理內部資料碰撞，依據訊務監視報告動態調整各個訊務等級的參數(步驟314)。然後程序終止(步驟316)。
混合協調功能控制頻道存取基礎的服務品質程序(HCCA)
第4圖顯示混合協調功能控制頻道存取(HCCA)基礎的服務品質程序400。程序400開始接收要求以新增或修改訊務流(步驟402)。要求包含在配合訊務流之訊務規格中之訊務流的保留參數。檢查可用的頻道容量、鏈條件、重新傳輸限制、優先權、訊務規格的服務品質要求(步驟404)。判定排程參數，諸如最小及最大服務間隔及傳輸機會期間(步驟406)。然後判定是否可以以所需速率及延遲限制容許訊務流(步驟408)。從訊務規格參數，訊務流要求比較可用的傳輸預算。如果在信標期間中送出訊務流所需的時間少於符合訊務流之服務品質要求所需的可用時間(也就是說，如果傳輸預算大到足以容納訊務流)，則容許新增的訊務流。
如果不能容許訊務流，則拒絕訊務流要求(步驟410)，程序終 止(步驟412)。
如果能以較低要求特別容許訊務流(步驟408)，則藉由與較高層重新協商來修改訊務規格，通常表示以另一資料速率容許訊務流(步驟414)。雖然能與較高層重新協商其他參數，但是最常調整資料速率，以降低分配給訊務流的頻寬。
如果訊務流符合容許標準(步驟408)，則容許訊務流，引發訊務監視/管制及調適功能以提供關於系統性能的反饋給排程器，並可以丟下違規訊務流(步驟416)。違規訊務流可歸因於：(1)太多重新傳輸，會浪費介質時間；或(2)較高層應用送出比預期多的訊務，會造成擁擠。在後者情形，可以丟下較低優先權訊務流以舒緩擁擠。
產生或更新服務排程(步驟418)，程序終止(步驟412)。服務排程主導訊務在各個信標期間如何排程，包含在信標期間中送出哪個訊務流。最好根據來自先前觀察窗之訊務監視及觀察測量的反饋來調適服務排程。
前文以802.11型系統為例，並非限制。熟悉技藝之人會明瞭與本發明一致的其他變化及修改。
雖然在較佳實施例中以特定組合來描述本發明的特性及元件，但是各個特性或元件可以單獨使用(沒有較佳實施例的其他特性及元件)或以具有或沒有本發明之其他特性及元件的各種組合。本發明得由熟悉技藝之人任施匠思而為諸般修飾，然皆不脫如申請專利範圍所欲保護者。上文用來說明，絕非限制特定發明。
MAC‧‧‧介質存取控制
QoS‧‧‧管理服務品質
TC‧‧‧訊務等級
TS‧‧‧訊務流
TSPEC‧‧‧訊務規格
TXOP‧‧‧傳輸機會
100‧‧‧一般服務品質架構
102‧‧‧實體層
104‧‧‧介質存取控制層
106‧‧‧網路層
200‧‧‧上位服務品質程序
300‧‧‧加強分散協調功能(EDCA)基礎的服務品質程序高階流程圖
400‧‧‧混合協調功能控制頻道存取(HCCA)基礎的服務品質程序
第1圖是依據本發明之服務品質架構的方塊圖。
第2圖是依據本發明之上位服務品質程序的流程圖。
第3圖是依據本發明之EDCA基礎之服務品質機制的流程圖。
第4圖是依據本發明之混合協調功能控制頻道存取基礎之服務品質機制的流程圖。
QoS‧‧‧管理服務品質
TC‧‧‧訊務等級

Claims (5)

  1. 一種在一無線區域網路中由一存取點(AP)所執行的用於管理服務品質(QoS)之方法，該方法包含：接收一訊務流量；基於該訊務流量的服務品質需求映射該訊務流量至一訊務等級(TC)；計算一存取等級(AC)的一傳輸預算，每一存取等級包括至少一訊務等級；藉由計算該傳輸預算是否可以支持該訊務流量來判定該訊務流量是否可被容許；在該訊務流量被容許時調整該訊務等級的參數；以及管理在現存訊務流量及新判定的容許訊務流量之間的該訊務等級的碰撞。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，其中該傳輸預算等於一存取等級的一最大允許傳輸預算減去該存取等級已經使用的該傳輸預算。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項的方法，更包含：判定該訊務流量之一優先權。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項的方法，更包含：在該訊務流量不被容許且在該訊務流量的優先權為低時丟棄該訊務流量。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第3項的方法，更包含： 在該訊務流量不被容許的情況下及在該訊務流量的優先權為高的情況下，緩衝該訊務流量。
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CN1875571A (zh) 2006-12-06
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TW200520451A (en) 2005-06-16
US20050147041A1 (en) 2005-07-07
AR046363A1 (es) 2005-12-07
MXPA06005014A (es) 2006-07-06
US20090161540A1 (en) 2009-06-25
TWI349460B (en) 2011-09-21
TWI262674B (en) 2006-09-21
WO2005048533A1 (en) 2005-05-26
TW200947964A (en) 2009-11-16
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