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CN1875571A - 无线局域网络服务管理品质 - Google Patents

无线局域网络服务管理品质 Download PDF

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CN1875571A
CN1875571A CNA2004800326284A CN200480032628A CN1875571A CN 1875571 A CN1875571 A CN 1875571A CN A2004800326284 A CNA2004800326284 A CN A2004800326284A CN 200480032628 A CN200480032628 A CN 200480032628A CN 1875571 A CN1875571 A CN 1875571A
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玛吉·萨奇
泰瑞莎·J·亨克勒
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InterDigital Technology Corp
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Abstract

一种于无线局域网络中管理服务品质(QoS)的方法是通过接收讯务流量而开始。根据讯务流量的服务品质要求，将讯务流量映像至讯务等级(TC)。于此方法中计算存取等级(AC)的传输预算，各存取等级包含至少一讯务等级。借助计算传输预算是否可以支持讯务流量，判定是否可以容许讯务流量。如果容许讯务流量，则调整讯务等级的参数，管理现存讯务流量及新容许讯务流量之间的讯务等级的碰撞。

Description

无线局域网络服务管理品质
技术领域
本发明有关无线局域网络(WLAN)，尤指在无线局域网络管理服务品质(QoS)规格的方法及系统。
背景技术
无线通讯系统为人所熟知。通常，此种系统包括通讯台，彼此之间传输及接收无线通讯信号。根据系统的类型，通讯台通常是以下二种之一：基地台或包含移动单元的无线传输/接收单元(WTRU)。
本文所使用的基地台一词包含但不限于基地台、节点B、基地台控制器、网络桥接器(AP)、或在无线环境的其它接口装置(提供无线传输/接收单元对配合基地台的网络的无线存取)。在无线局域网络中，网络桥接器是较佳装置，本文用来描述本发明。
本文所使用的无线传输/接收单元一词包含但不限于使用者设备、移动台、固定或移动用户单元、传呼机、或可以在无线环境操作的任何类型的装置。无线传输/接收单元包含个人通讯装置，诸如电话、视讯电话、具有网络连接的网络电话。除此之外，无线传输/接收单元包含携带式个人计算装置，诸如具有类似网络能力的无线调制解调器的PDA及笔记本计算机。可以携带或可以改变场合的无线传输/接收单元称为移动单元。在无线局域网络中，台(STA)是较佳装置，本文用来描述本发明。
依据IEEE 802.11标准家族之一，建立具有一个以上网络桥接器的流行无线局域网络环境。基本服务设置(BSS)是802.11无线局域网络的基本架构，由复数个STA组成。可以互相交谈的一组STA可以形成基本服务设置。多个基本服务设置经由称为分散系统(DS)的架构组件来互连，形成延展服务设置(ESS)。网络桥接器是借助提供分散系统服务来存取分散系统的STA，通常允许借助多个STA同时存取分散系统。
广泛使用符合802.11a/b/g无线局域网络标准的系统。够格的无线局域网络也出现。服务品质解决方案/规格在专属解决方案及标准解决方案之间不同，甚至标准解决方案有二种服务品质机制，也就是说：802.11e加强分散协调功能(EDCA)及802.11e混合协调功能(HCCA)机制。
802.11e服务品质设施定义只用于服务品质加强基本服务设置(QBSS)的新混合协调功能(HCF)。混合协调功能具有二作业模式：具有竞争作业(也称为EDCA)的混合协调功能及具有轮询存取作业的混合协调功能。
这些频道存取功能所利用的基本观念是传输机会(TXOP)。传输机会是当STA可以开始传输框指定期间时的时间点。在传输机会期间，STA可以在传输机会中尽量传输愈多的帧，依据配合数据的讯务等级而设定(TC)。
EDCA及HCCA之间的主要差异是如何掌握容许控制。在EDCA中，分散容许控制(DAC)功能掌握容许控制，测量各个讯务等级的介质的利用百分比。介质的未用百分比称为讯务等级的可以用传输预算。当传输预算趋近零时，限制了新增讯务流量或修改现存讯务流量。
在HCCA中，根据讯务流量的讯务等级，STA要求各个讯务流量的特定保留参数。然后混合协调功能可以拒绝、接受、或提供另一组的参数给要求的STA。这虽然比分散容许控制好，但是必须将讯务流量适当排程。
发明内容
在无线局域网络管理服务品质(QoS)的方法开始接收讯务流量。根据讯务流量的服务品质要求，讯务流量映像至讯务等级(TC)。计算存取等级(AC)的传输预算，各个存取等级包含至少一讯务等级。借助计算传输预算是否可以支持讯务流量，判定是否可以容许讯务流量。如果容许讯务流量，则调整讯务等级的参数，管理现存讯务流量及新容许讯务流量之间的讯务等级的碰撞。
在无线局域网络管理服务品质的方法开始接收讯务流要求，包含含有讯务流的参数的讯务规格(TSPEC)。分析包含在讯务规格的参数，判定是否可以容许讯务流。如果可以容许而不改变参数，则容许讯务流。如果可以借助改变参数来容许讯务流，则重新协商参数，然后容许具有重新协商的参数的讯务流。如果不能容许，则拒绝讯务流。
附图说明
借助实例和附图，从较佳实施例的以下说明可以更了解本发明，其中：
图1是依据本发明的服务品质架构的方块图；
图2是依据本发明的上位服务品质程序的流程图；
图3是依据本发明的EDCA基础的服务品质机制的流程图；
图4是依据本发明的混合协调功能控制频道存取基础的服务品质机制的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1显示一般服务品质架构100。架构100可以应用于分散协调功能(DCF)、加强分散协调功能(EDCA)、或混合协调功能(HCF)控制频道存取(HCCA)机制。架构100包含实体层102、介质存取控制(MAC)层104、网络层106。网络层106包含服务品质程序，诸如讯务分类器、讯务塑型、排程器、参数化、容许控制、讯务监视/管制、调适。
图2显示上位服务品质程序200，以处理传输的通讯数据。从较高层接收讯务流量(也就是说，至少一数据封包)(步骤202)。讯务流量依据对接收的特定类型的通讯数据的服务品质要求分成讯务等级(TC)(步骤204)。
在容许控制中，应用从网络桥接器要求特定资源，诸如频宽及延迟。根据服务品质要求、网络负载、无线介质条件、讯务流量，容许控制可以接受或拒绝这些要求(步骤206)。
讯务塑型用来控制讯务流量，以免使频道过载(步骤208)。在讯务塑型期间，某些数据的传输可以延迟，当到达最大数据速率或量时，可以丢下过量数据。
根据优先权及服务品质要求，借助控制不同讯务流量的频道存取，排程器判定何时应送出数据封包(步骤210)。
根据服务品质要求，介质存取控制参数化处理设定及动态调整系统参数。对于各个讯务等级设定这些参数，包含最小竞争窗(CWmin)值、最大竞争窗(CWmax)值、任意接口空间(AIFS)值、持续因子(PF)值、传输机会值(步骤212)。在EDCA中，竞争窗(CW)在碰撞后由持续因子值扩展。持续因子值判定在碰撞后竞争窗是否加倍、三倍等等。
监视及管制数据封包以控制讯务流量(步骤214)。监视上行封包到达间隔时间(来自封包时间戳)及下行封包出发间隔时间。对于各个流量提供反馈，诸如错过的期限数目(多少次数据延迟比特定服务类型的允许延迟长)及延迟变异(也就是说，颤动)。
调整系统设定以配合改变网络条件(步骤216)。在调适期间，根据得自讯务监视功能的反馈，排程器：改变其排程；重新协商与较高层的接触，其中排程器可以要求较高层降低讯务，对于特殊服务提供较小频宽，或容许较少使用者；丢下低优先权讯务流量；或改变参数以配合目前情况。
反馈功能提供调适功能所产生的反馈给其它功能(步骤218)。
分散协调功能基础的服务品质程序
配合图2所描述的一般概要可以用于分散协调功能基础的服务品质算法及程序。对于分散协调功能情形，所有讯务流量可以假设相等。为了确保讯务流量之间的公平性，可以经由排程控制每个使用者的下行存取机会的相对数目。可以应用不同的公平性观念。举例来说，可以尝试确保所有使用者具有相同大小的下行频宽，所有使用者具有相当的goodput(具有重新传输的传输率)，或所有封包具有类似的排队延迟。
虽然不能直接控制上行排程，但是对于TCP讯务，网络桥接器可以在送到分散系统前操纵上行TCP ACK。这允许间接控制各别STA所传输的上行讯务的速率。
分散协调功能也可以在讯务塑型实施封包丢弃功能，最好与排程管制一致(例如，如果使用者频宽太高，如果封包排队太久等等，则丢弃封包)。在拥挤时间，借助降低介质存取控制排程机会，可以限制使用者的最大下行频宽。根据控制封包的排队延迟，下行排程可优先化。
可以限制具有高错误率的使用者的下行频宽。具有高错误率表示下一传输错误(浪费频宽)的机率较高。错误也表示网络桥接器必须增加其竞争窗，降低对于频宽的存取。
在分散协调功能基础的程序中，根据可用的无线电资源及链条件，容许控制用来容许使用者。在使用者被容许后，借助延迟讯务或借助丢下封包，讯务塑型可以用来掌控过载情况。根据包含公平性的许多要求，排程器用来选出哪个使用者送出下一封包。
EDCA基础的服务品质程序
图3显示EDCA基础的服务品质程序300的高阶流程图。讯务流量(也就是说，一个以上的数据封包)接收自较高层(步骤302)。根据其服务品质要求，讯务流量映像至适当讯务等级(TC)(步骤304)。动态根据服务品质要求及网络性能的先前观察窗(也就是说，频道品质及讯务负载)，讯务流量最好映像至不同讯务等级。检查各个封包的优先权，连同系统中的目前讯务负载、最后信标间隔的测量、网络条件(步骤306)。
服务品质的目的是分离高优先权讯务与低优先权讯务。在无线局域网络中，可能必须分离一高优先权讯务流量与另一高优先权讯务流量，以避免使介质过载。借助监视无线局域网络的可用的资源并判定是否容许新的讯务流量，容许控制用于此目的。
在容许控制(具有EDCA的分散容许控制)中，对于各个存取等级(AC)界定传输预算；各个讯务等级映像至存取等级，存取等级可以包含一个以上的讯务等级。此机制对于服务品质要求的各个等级(每个存取等级所界定)考虑延迟及延迟要求，传输预算取决于先前观察窗的观察测量，诸如错过的期限数目、传输率、延迟变异。传输预算也依据来自讯务监视/管制功能的反馈来调整。
为了判定讯务流量是否满足容许标准(步骤308)，评估传输预算。只在有充分资源时(也就是说，如果传输预算大到足以支持讯务流量)，才容许讯务流量。每个存取等级的传输预算等于存取等级的最大允许传输预算减去存取等级已使用的传输预算。
如果满足容许标准(步骤308)，则根据最新条件及观察的测量，动态调整目前讯务等级的参数(步骤310)。如果不满足容许标准，则讯务流量丢弃或缓冲(步骤312)。讯务流量是否丢弃或缓冲取决于其优先权(例如，服务的类型或等级)。缓冲较高优先权讯务流量，而丢弃较低优先权讯务流量。举例来说，如果讯务流量关于紧急服务数据，则要缓冲，而如果讯务流量关于正常背景数据，诸如FTP数据，则丢弃讯务流量。如果讯务流量缓冲，则程序300继续步骤308如上述。
在容许或丢弃目前讯务流量后，排程器根据各个讯务流量的优先权管理内部数据碰撞，依据讯务监视报告动态调整各个讯务等级的参数(步骤314)。然后程序终止(步骤316)。
混合协调功能控制频道存取基础的服务品质程序(HCCA)
图4显示混合协调功能控制频道存取(HCCA)基础的服务品质程序400。程序400开始接收要求以新增或修改讯务流(步骤402)。要求包含在配合讯务流的讯务规格中的讯务流的保留参数。检查可用的频道容量、链条件、重新传输限制、优先权、讯务规格的服务品质要求(步骤404)。判定排程参数，诸如最小及最大服务间隔及传输机会期间(步骤406)。然后判定是否可以以所需速率及延迟限制容许讯务流(步骤408)。从讯务规格参数，讯务流要求比较可用的传输预算。如果在信标期间中送出讯务流所需的时间少于符合讯务流的服务品质要求所需的可用时间(也就是说，如果传输预算大到足以容纳讯务流)，则容许新增的讯务流。
如果不能容许讯务流，则拒绝讯务流要求(步骤410)，程序终止(步骤412)。
如果能以较低要求特别容许讯务流(步骤408)，则借助与较高层重新协商来修改讯务规格，通常表示以另一数据速率容许讯务流(步骤414)。虽然能与较高层重新协商其它参数，但是最常调整数据速率，以降低分配给讯务流的频宽。
如果讯务流符合容许标准(步骤408)，则容许讯务流，引发讯务监视/管制及调适功能以提供关于系统性能的反馈给排程器，并可以丢下违规讯务流(步骤416)。违规讯务流可归因于：(1)太多重新传输，会浪费介质时间；或(2)较高层应用送出比预期多的讯务，会造成拥挤。在后者情形，可以丢下较低优先权讯务流以舒缓拥挤。
产生或更新服务排程(步骤418)，程序终止(步骤412)。服务排程主导讯务在各个信标期间如何排程，包含在信标期间中送出哪个讯务流。最好根据来自先前观察窗的讯务监视及观察测量的反馈来调适服务排程。
前文以802.11型系统为例，并非限制。熟悉本技术的人会明了与本发明一致的其它变化及修改。
虽然在较佳实施例中以特定组合来描述本发明的特性及组件，但是各个特性或组件可以单独使用(没有较佳实施例的其它特性及组件)或以具有或没有本发明的其它特性及组件的各种组合。本发明得由熟悉本技术的人可以作出种种的等效的变型或替换，然而皆不脱离如本申请权利要求所欲保护的范围。上文用来说明，绝非限制特定发明。

Claims (10)

1.一种在无线局域网络中管理服务品质的方法，包括下列步骤：
接收一讯务流量；
根据该讯务流量的服务品质要求，将讯务流量映像至一讯务等级；
计算一存取等级的一传输预算，各存取等级包含至少一讯务等级；
借助计算该传输预算是否可以支持该讯务流量，判定是否可以容许该讯务流量；
如果容许该讯务流量，则调整该讯务等级的参数；及
管理在现存讯务流量及新容许讯务流量间的讯务等级的碰撞。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于该传输预算等于一存取等级的最大允许传输预算减掉该存取等级已使用的传输预算。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于进一步包括下列步骤：
判定该讯务流量的一优先权。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于如果不容许该讯务流量，当其优先权低时，则抛弃该讯务流量。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于如果不容许该讯务流量，当其优先权高时，则缓冲该讯务流量。
6.一种在无线局域网络中管理服务品质的方法，包括下列步骤：
接收一讯务流要求，包含一讯务规格，该讯务规格含有讯务流的参数；
分析包含在该讯务规格的参数；
根据该分析的参数，判定是否可以容许该讯务流；
如果可以容许而不改变该参数，则容许该讯务流；
如果可以借助改变该参数来容许该讯务流，则重新协商该参数，并且，容许具有重新协商的参数的该讯务流；及
如果不能容许，则拒绝该讯务流。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于进一步包括下列步骤：
由于该容许的讯务流，引发一讯务监视/管制功能及一调适功能以提供反馈给关于系统性能的一排程器，该排程器丢下违规讯务流；及
更新一服务排程；
该引发及更新步骤在容许步骤及重新协商步骤之一后进行。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于该更新步骤包含如果服务排程不存在则创造一服务排程。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于判定步骤包含：
计算一传输预算；
比较讯务流要求与该传输预算；及
如果该传输预算可支持该讯务流，则容许该讯务流。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于该重新协商步骤包含改变该讯务流的数据速率。
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