TWI359667B - Formulation for oral administration having a healt - Google Patents
Formulation for oral administration having a healt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI359667B TWI359667B TW094134749A TW94134749A TWI359667B TW I359667 B TWI359667 B TW I359667B TW 094134749 A TW094134749 A TW 094134749A TW 94134749 A TW94134749 A TW 94134749A TW I359667 B TWI359667 B TW I359667B
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- sugarcane
- dose
- astaxanthin
- arteriosclerosis
- Prior art date
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Description
1359667 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術分野】 本發明係關於一種口服用調配物,爲以小包供應之錠 劑,膠囊及粉末形式以隨時使用,由於該調配物組合例如良 好血脂肪及抗氧化劑作用以及血管內皮之保護功效,以及直 接或間接關聯於此等活性之其他功效,其在心血管系統上可 發揮健康促進功效。 【先前技術】 現今心血管疾病在高度已開發國家中爲殘疾及死亡之 主要原因,其中有許多具有動脈硬化性質,亦即因膽固醇及 存在於血管中之其他脂肪性物質,鈣及血纖維蛋白(fibrin) 沉澱在血管壁上,造成動脈內腔變窄(動脈硬化症)。 心血管疾病涉及許多因子,並經確認爲“心血管危險因 子(CVRF)” 。 心血管危險因子中最重要之一爲血膽固醇,由於經大規 模的流行病學硏究顯示動脈硬化症與總血膽固醇(TC)濃度 之間有直接關聯性,特別是結合低密度脂蛋白之膽固醇 (LDL-C)濃度。 另一心血管危險因子爲半胱胺酸的血中濃度提高。半胱 胺酸爲正常存在於血液之胺基酸,但其在血中濃度達135 mg/dl以上時與冠狀動脈,大腦及周邊血管疾病以及靜脈血 栓有關聯性。 心血管危險性因所謂之自由基(亦即分子或基團之原子 含有未配對電子)的侵略行爲也頗有增加。此特色使此類物 1359667 質對其他分子具有極度侵略性,他們移除一電子以恢復他們 原始的穩定構形,而造成嚴重的生物體傷害,例如早熟及全 身性老化,神經系統的退化性疾病,腫瘤及心血管危險的增 加。 有許多因子造成血液組成物前述變化,且此重要原因來 自遺傳,不均衡營養及隨之發生的必須營養素的不足或缺 乏,不適宜的生活形態及因抽煙之慢性中毒,以及其他食物 污染物與環境污染物。 許多危險因子可經由營養矯正,戒煙,在開放空氣中規 律的運動及健康的生以活降低或消除。 然而對於生活形態及營養徹底改變並非易事。另一·方 面,對於輕微或中等高膽固醇血症,不建議開始以目前可得 之強有力的降膽固醇藥治療,因爲這些藥有相當大的副作 用。 但組合正常飲食與天然物質可能有益於降低心血管危 險性,並提供身體流失自正常營養物之物質,而該物質具有 健康促進功效》 【發明內容】 本發明係根據天然活性成分之新穎組合的硏究及確 認,其應發揮良好血脂肪及抗氧化劑功效,抵消同半胱胺酸 血症’血管內皮之保護功效及其他功效,支持及補足前述者; 由於協同作用使得即使在相當低之劑量亦能得到前述健康 促進功效,仍保持於補充食品項目內。 申請專利範圍定義根據本發明之協同性組合物,及其用 1359667 . 於製備具有上述健康促進功效之醫藥產物及/或補充食品之 組合物。 甘鹿原素類(Poliensanols、 化學 .甘蔗原素類”是對飽和長鏈(C22-C36)—級脂族醇類 •混合物之命名總稱,其爲固體、蠟狀黏稠形式,少溶於水。 其中組成之醇類爲天然存在於義大利蜂生 產之蠟中’於甘蔗(Sacc/jflrwwj 之蠟基質中,於 ^ 米糠中以及於各種其他植物中。 相較於一般使用慣例濕法(不保證他們的純度且完全 移除萃取過程中所用之有機溶劑)所得之甘蔗原素,用於本 發明之甘蔗原素較佳是使用二氧化碳於液相中在超臨界狀 " 態之非常低溫度下萃取。 此方法保證他們的純度、原始化學結構、有機溶劑潛在 污染的遺跡完全不存在,以及保留天然存在於開始產物之醇 類的原始部分。 良好血脂肪功效 許多臨床及實驗硏究已證明甘蔗原素類之良好血脂肪 功效,特別明顯於高膽固醇血症受試者。此功效大部分呈現 在結合低密度脂蛋白之膽固醇(LDL-C),經由抑制膽固醇本 身之合成以及增加其消除[Menendez et al. 1 994⑴, Menendez et al. 1 9 9 6 (2),M e n e n d e z et a 1. 200 1 (3)]。 甘蔗原素類作用機制之硏究,提供證明贊同在界於利用 乙酸以及製造甲羥戊酸(mevalonate)之階段之膽固醇生物合 1359667 , .成的抑制:但排除直接作用於3-羥基-3-甲基戊二醯輔酶a 還原酶(HMGCoA-r)[Menendez et al. 1 996(2),Menendez et —al. 200 1(3)],其他已熟知的降膽固醇藥,例如司達丁類 (statins)會影響該還原酶。 再者’對於LDLs之結合及肝攝取,甘蔗原素類引起顯 •著的劑量依賴性增加而正向加速分解代謝[Menendez等人 1 994(1>]。最後,已假設甘蔗原素類具有作用在有關食物脂 肪之吸收及細胞內代謝的腸黏膜上[Goumi-Berthold等人, Φ 2002 ⑷]。 LDLs過氧化作用之抑制 活體外及活體內的各種硏究已證明甘蔗原素類發揮抗 氧化劑作用,結果抑制LDLs及VLDLs(極低密度脂蛋白) 之過氧化作用[Menendez等人,1999(5)]。阻止LDLs的過氧 化作用(亦已經人體臨床試驗證實HMenendez等人,2000(6)] 導致重要的抗致動脈硬化效果,係因LDLs只在被氧化狀態 中行使致動脈硬化作用。此事實爲需要構造條件使LDLs能 漏過動脈內皮而被巨噬細胞清掃用受體(receptor)捕捉。 然後後者在進入動脈硬化斑(atheromatous plaques)形 成過程之前被轉形爲"泡沫細胞(foam cells)” 。 內皮的保護作甲' 甘蔗原素類之另一功能爲保護血管內皮免於機械及化 學試劑引起之傷害[Benitez等人,1997(22)]。內皮傷害包括 喪失膜彈性及增加滲透性,其在其他情況中促進LDLs從血 液通過到動脈內膜,而致形成動脈硬化斑。 1359667 , 促精力旺盛作用 自1950年代實施之臨床硏究已顯示:攝取甘蔗原素類 ί ' 在抗壓力及疲勞上具有有益效果。此作用有關於肌肉中肝糖 的生體利用率(bioa vail ability),神經反應次數,對組織缺氧 ,壓力之抗性,氧的供應以及血膽固醇等等[Cureton 1 972(8)]。 • 因此,身強力壯的人及運動員通常使用甘蔗原素類以促 精力旺盛之效果,此能以他們作爲必需脂肪酸及細胞其他能 量來源之"細胞內載劑”的角色來闡明之。 •劑量學 用於本發明之每日劑量較佳爲 5-40 mg(通常爲 10-20),較佳與晚餐一起攝取以達脂肪醇類的最佳吸收。爲 使治療有效,治療必須延續超過至少6週。 紅酵母菌 化學 紅酵母菌或紅麴(red yeast rice)是米經酵母菌紅麴菌 (Afowflicws /jwrpwrew·?)醱酵的產物,該紅麵菌製造各種物質 ^ 包括紅色素(此爲'’紅酵母菌”名字之由來)、制菌劑 (bacteriostatic agents)以及可改變血脂隻程度的物質》 其中後者因其健康促進功效而成爲最引人關注之成 分。他們已被稱爲“莫那可林(monacolins)” 。爲達良好血 脂肪目的之最有效莫那可林爲莫那可林 K(m〇nac〇lin K)[Endo 1 9 88(9)],其於紅酵母菌之含量視所用紅麴菌 (MowfliCi/i pwrpwrewj)菌株及醱酵條件而異。 用於本發明調配物之紅酵母菌較佳爲在標準醱酵條 ⑧ 1359667 件,特別選擇紅麴菌pwrpurewi)之菌株’以得到 最佳產量之莫那可林K(monacolin K)以及維持於所界定限 i _制內之該活性成分內容物。 •良好血脂肪功效 血膽固醇爲食物吸收總和之結果,且由肝臟內生性生物 •合成引起。此合成以乙醯輔酶A開始,從其中形成3-羥基-3-甲基戊二醯輔酶A(HMG-CoA),然後透過HMG-CoA還原酶 (HMG-CoA-r)作用爲甲羥戊酸。甲羥戊酸爲一連串膽固醇生 •物合成連續階段之關鍵中間物,且表現爲內生性製造以及膽 固醇本身與LDLs之血中相對濃度的關鍵性及限制性步驟。 莫那可林K與HMG-CoA(甲羥戊酸的前身)在結構上競 爭HMG-CoA-r濃度,且對該酵素具有比天然受質大2000倍 之活性,因此活化"競爭性酵素抑制”之機制而阻礙膽固醇 的生物合成[Man等人,2002(1())p 劑量學 | 用於本發明之紅酵母菌的每日劑量較佳等效於莫那可 林1及6 mg間之量,且較佳爲在本發明之組合物中劑量不 超過等效的3 mg莫那可林以使用作爲補充食品。 葉酸(FA、 化學 FA含有三種分子之組合:麩胺酸,對胺基苯甲酸以及 蝶啶衍生物。 人體無法合成FA’因此人類需仰賴富含FA的食物來 源’例如葉狀蔬菜、肝臟、蛋及豆類。FA之成人的建議每 ⑧ -10- 1359667 ,日必需量爲0.2 mg以及懷孕時增加到0.4 mg,哺乳期間增 力口到 0 · 3 m g。 ' 高同半胱胺酸血症之矯正功效 FA在許多生物功能中扮演不可缺的角色,例如核酸 - DN A及RN A的合成,紅血球細胞的製造及發育,懷孕之胚 •胎的適當發育,營養性及皮膚健康狀態的改善,乳汁分泌的 刺激,鐵代謝的調節等等。 再者,FA矯正高同半胱胺酸血症,該症爲一心血管危 ♦ 險因子,其重要性僅些微次於高膽固醇血症對冠狀動脈、大 腦及周邊血管疾病以及靜脈血栓之重要性[Longo 200 1(u Μ。FA之作用與其作爲甲基供者之特性有關聯,其轉 換同半胱胺酸爲L-甲硫胺酸及S-腺苷基甲硫胺酸而消除血 中過多的同半胱胺酸。 劑量學 用於本發明之劑型較佳設計爲葉酸的每日投與劑量從 0.1至0.6 mg,以及更隹爲0.15至0.4 mg» • 暇青素(ΑΧ) 化學 ΑΧ爲一淡紅橘色之色素,存在於許多活物中,特別是 水生動物。化學上其爲一葉黃素,屬於類胡蘿蔔素家族,具 有式:3,3'-二羥基-β,β·-胡蘿蔔素·4,4·-二酮以及具有兩個對 掌中心於兩個鍵結於羥基之環碳上(3及3’)。 羥基很重要係因他們作用爲附著其他分子(例如血漿蛋 白及脂蛋白)之點,以及因爲他們賦予ΑΧ雙極性特性,以致 ⑧ -11- 1359667 其能與形成細胞膜之磷脂質雙層內部及外部的極性位置形 成氫鍵,且因此能橫向排列於該膜。 ·. ' 如此AX能捕捉及去活化自由基(從細胞外面攻擊以及 有些從內部攻擊),有效保護組織免於自由基的傷害以及一 般性對抗具有氧化作用的試劑。 由於這些構造特性,AX所展現之抗氧化劑活性比葉黃 素大四倍,比β-胡蘿蔔素大十倍,且甚至比維生素E大 100-500 倍 ° • 用於本發明調配物之 ΑΧ較佳爲獲自藻類:綠藻 (//aemWococrcMi 之萃取物,經由特殊方法使用能 維持天然AX化學構造之超臨界二氧化碳,並濃縮至2.5%, 穩定ί匕於複合之脂肪基質中。 ' 抗氣化劑功效 由於其強有力的抗氧化劑活性,ΑΧ能發揮明顯的保護 作用對抗氧化壓力,此爲老化、神經系統的退化性疾病以及 腫瘤的已知起因。其亦有益用於反擊因太陽及離子化放射觸 ^ 發之自由基的刺激過程。 ΑΧ也用於保護視網膜構造,特別用於斑點退化的治 療。其他與自由基去活性化有關聯可應用領域,爲關於抽煙 的去毒性化作用,因過多脂肪而不平衡之節食,環境污染等 等。 心血管危險性因子的降低 心血管病變之主要作用爲動脈硬化現象及血栓情形。動 脈硬化斑的形成與血脂肪的種類及含量極有關聯,特別是 -1 2 - ⑧ 1359667 LDL-膽固醇(LDL-C)。 r LDL-C本身並不危險,但經自由基過氧化作用後變得危 ' 險。過氧化作用增加其對動脈壁的親和力,隨後滲透到血管 內膜並經巨噬細胞捕捉,然後退化爲“泡沬細胞”,此爲動 脈硬化斑及動脈硬化形成過程之第一情形,故爲首要的心血 管危險因子(CVR)[Steinberg 1997(7)]。 可由此機制中之事實得知,亦即由於AX的強力抗氧化 劑活性,妨礙LDL-C及其轉形爲動脈硬化劑之過氧化作用 鲁[Iwamoto 等人,2000(2 "]。 使用之安全忤 AX劑量之NOAEL(未觀察到有害副作用程度)每曰反覆 於動物爲1 3 40 mg/kg,對應到人超過80 g。人類之NOAEL 爲 6 mg。 劑量舉 根據本發明之劑型,較佳含有蝦青素每日劑量爲〇. 1 -5 mg,且較佳爲0.4至2 mg,較佳爲與一餐一起攝取以促進 腸道吸收。 輔醃 oio(c〇oi(n
CoQ 1 0爲具有類似醌結構之脂質特性物質,由於其於自 然中廣泛分布,包括人體,因此稱爲泛醌(ubiquinone)。CoQ 10 的主要功能是在涉及ATP合成之連續氧化還原反應之電子 傳遞鏈中作爲輔因。 由於所有細胞功能需仰賴ATP的適當取得,因此CoQ 10 爲人體全部組織及器官所必須。正常情況爲活體內合成,但 ⑧ -13- 1359667 , 可能有些情形發展成內生性製造顯得不足。於此CoQlO不足 之情形,全部細胞皆受影響,特別是代謝最活躍之細胞,例 '如心臟細胞、神經系統之細胞以及免疫系統的細胞。 因此CoQlO不足直接關係於整個系列的功能障礙,例 如心血管疾病,動脈性高血壓及AIDS » 徵兆 已證實CoQlO可用於心血管疾病,因爲可改善心肌及 血管肌肉組織的能量輸出。CoQlO亦已用於癌症[Lockwood _等人,1 994(丨2); Lockwood等人,1 995(丨3)]以及肌肉營養失 調之治療上有出色的成果。 最近亦已將CoQlO導入運動練習用以改善能量輸出以 及運動員的體能指標。並非不重要者爲其抗氧化劑作用,隨 之對抗自由基以保護細胞構造,CoQlO與維生素E協同發揮 保護作用對抗氧化壓力之傷害。 交互作用 HMG-CoA-r爲CoQl 0之生物合成所必須《因此,抑制 此酵素之物質(例如司達丁類)可以非常高劑量造成CoQlO •不足。如此,從大鼠及人類之硏究提出,具有低基本程度 CoQlO及次佳心功能之受試者於攝取HMG-CoA-r抑制劑之 後發展爲過度的CoQlO耗盡[Willis RA等人,1 990(14); Folkers K 等人,1 990(15)] » 因此推論補充CoQlO可永久用於正以HMG-CoA-r抑制 劑治療之受試者,特別是用於具CVR之受試者,因爲Coq10 可改善心肌及血管肌肉組織的能量輸出。 ⑧ -14- 1359667 .. 劑量璺 用於本發明之CoQlO每日劑量較佳爲1-20 mg,以及較 ' 佳爲2至4 mg。 協同功效之優點 根據本發明隨附思量之申請專利範圍中,於活性成分組 合物之調配物在下列活性上產生有利的協同功效。 良好血脂肪活件 提供此活性之活性成分爲甘蔗原素類以及紅酵母菌,此 • 二者皆涉及膽固醇的生物合成,但卻有所不同。前者降低從 乙酸合成膽固醇,其係作用在3-羥基-3-甲基戊二醯輔酶A 還原酶(HMG-CoA-r)的上游干擾其表現;而後者發揮競爭性 拮抗作用,與HMG-CoA-r本身競爭,抑制依序的乙酸-甲羥 戊酸-膽固醇合成。 組合此二活性成分可產生協同作用於HMG-CoA-r上游 及下游,阻礙膽固醇合成,而有利於互相強化良好血脂肪作 用。 ^ 保護內皮之活件 血管內皮是一脆弱的生物膜,容許易於擴散的物質通 過,例如呼吸的氣體、簡單的碳水化合物以及胺基酸·,但不 容許高分子物質通過,例如蛋白質、複合的脂質以及聚合碳 水化合物。 因機械壓力或侵略性化學作用所致之內皮損傷,危及內 皮半滲透性之特徵以致高分量之分子也能通過。這些分子包 括脂蛋白,尤其是LDLs通過內皮過濾後被動脈內膜的巨噬 ⑧ 1359667 ,細胞捕捉,而轉形爲動脈硬化斑最初核心之泡沫細胞》 根據本發明含有甘蔗原素類,葉酸及蝦青素之組合物,
I 可經由各種機制保護內皮對抗機械壓力及自由基,使內皮能 維持半滲透性之功能,並防止動脈硬化斑的形成及其續後進 展爲動脈硬化性損害。 高同半胱胺酸血症之矯正 本發明包括葉酸於組合物且較佳每日劑量如上所述之 具體例,證明其有利於限制CVR因子連結已存在或潛在之 ®高同半胱胺酸血症。 抗氧化劑活件 根據本發明特別可用於預防與各種類氧化及/或過氧化 現象有聯繫之心血管危險之組合物,除含有甘蔗原素類如上 提及之良好血脂肪作用之外,也發揮有效的抗氧化劑功效, 另蝦青素及輔酶Q1 〇也能發揮抗氧化劑及保護活性於細胞 構造,對抗自由基攻擊所致之潛在傷害。 • c 〇 Q 1 0之協同作用:
CoQ 1 0爲細胞功能之能量效能所必須,且特別是降低或 危害之心功能受試者以及使用HMG_CoA-r抑制劑之受試者 能感覺到其不足。CoQ 1 0添加到調配物之量’較佳以能確保 組織完全安全,以及使心臟及血管肌肉組織的能量輸出最佳 化之量。 【實施方式】 實驗部分 本專利申請案之發明目的可根據下列實驗計畫,在動脈 ⑧ -16- 1359667 之實驗模式中評價及比較上述若干更重要活性成分之 個別及組合效果來證明之。 材料及方法 友法之原理 早先列舉、硏究之物質的功效評價,是根據Prasad等 人[ 1 993 (16)]經由投與添加膽固醇之飲食到兔子製作高膽固 醇血症》 動物管験 治療實驗部分所述兔子所誘發之高膽固醇血症,所使用 之甘蔗原素類、紅酵母菌及蝦青素劑量,比根據本發明調配 物之實施例部分所用及所述之劑量約大4倍。 劑量學在動物及人類間之差異在藥理學上完牵正常,因 爲已熟知在動物中實驗誘發之病狀通常很戲劇性且不自 然’比人類自發者更嚴重。 •動」勿:_ 6-8週且體重2至3kg之紐西蘭白兔。 •餵食: •正常飲食 '、根據Sherman以小九用於天竺鼠及兔子之標 準飮食(Laboratorio dottori Piccioni S.n.c.)。 •致動脈硬化飲食 根據Sherman以7 g/kg之膽固醇混合 於小九中用於天竺鼠及兔子之標準飲食。 以每天餵食1 5 0 g之速率供應該飮食。水爲任意供應。 •物質:.以胃管投與受試物質一天一次,受試物質以2 ml/kg 懸浮於羧甲基纖維素0.2%(CMC)。 •甘蔗原素類「以:甘蔗原素類是對長鏈飽和之一級脂族 ⑧ -17- 1359667 醇類混合物之命名總稱。 •紅酵母菌(E):W m含有1.5%莫那可林K之標準化萃取 物。 •锻淳素Μ):俥用含有2.5%蝦青素之綠藻(Z/ae/wfl/ococcwi /^«v/fl/kHEHP)培養濃縮物。 •處理及組別:全部動物在動物飼養部門於25±2°C及 60%-7 0%之溼度適應環境。一週後抽取血液樣本作爲基線 數據。下一步將動物隨機分配於如下處理組別,每組1 0 隻兔子。 1. (C)正常飲食之對照絹:經由胃管每日投與2 ml/kg之 CMC » 2. (AT)餵食動脈硬化飲食之動物:經由胃管每日投與2 ml/kg 之 CMC。 3 . (P)含甘蔗原素類之致動脈硬化飲食:經由胃管每日投 與0.6 mg/kg甘蔗原素類,懸浮於2 ml/kg之CMC。 4 . (E)含紅酵母菌之致動脈硬化飲食:經由胃管每曰投與 12 mg/kg紅酵母菌(0.18 mg/kg之莫那可林等價物),懸浮 於 2 ml/kg 之 CMC。 5. (P + E)含甘蔗原素類及紅酵母蔺之致動脈硬化飲食:經 由胃管每日投與0.6 mg/kg甘蔗原素類+ 12 mg/kg紅酵母 菌,懸浮於2 ml/kg之CMC。 6. (P + E + A)含甘蔗原素輯,紅酵杻茼及蝦青素之致動脈硬 化飲食:經由胃管每日投逛0.6 mg/kg甘蔗原素類+ 12 mg/kg 紅酵母菌 + 1.2 mg/kg 之 EHP(0.〇3 mg/kg 锻青 ⑧ -18- 1359667 素),懸浮於2 ml/kg之CMC。 該處理持續3個月。於第一個、二個及三個月後採取分 析用之血液樣本。第三個月結束時將動物犧牲用於形態學觀 察。 • 血液分析: •血清中之總膽固醇(TC) •結合HDLS之膽固醇(HDL-C) •結合LDLs之膽固醇(LDL-C) •三酸甘油脂 這些分析是經由平常實驗室方法進行。 •血液丙二醛(MDA) MDA爲脂質過氧化作用程度的指標,且增加於呈現動 脈硬化及高膽固醇血症之血液中[Prasad等人1989(17)]〇MDA 是根據 Prasad等人以”泰歐巴必奇酸反應性物質 (tiobarbituric acid-reactive substance)"分析之[1990(18)]。 •主動脈之形態檢查:從主動脈的起點到腸骨分叉將主動脈 移除,縱開並準備用於根據Holman等人所述以蘇丹 IV(SUdan IV)染色來檢查脂質沉積於血管內膜 [1 95 8 (19)]。使用以主動脈總面積百分比表示之親蘇丹性 (動脈硬化性)面積作爲評價參數。 •統計分析:爲檢査之可變因素,計算平均値及平均値的標 準誤差。使用Student測驗評價比較値之意義。 結果 體重 -19- 1359667 在3個月的硏究期間,全部組別皆出現體重顯著的增 加。對照組增加5 1 %,給與致動脈硬化飲食之動物增加7 6 %, ' 給與致動脈硬化飲食及投與甘蔗原素類之動物增加54%,給 與致動脈硬化飮食及投與紅酵母菌之動物增加44%,給與致 動脈硬化飮食及投與甘蔗原素類及紅酵母菌之動物增加 5 2%,以及給與致動脈硬化飲食及投與甘蔗原素類、紅酵母 菌及蝦青素之動物增加63%。 相對於對照組之該生長差異,在任何組別皆未達到統計 籲上意義値。 對血膽固醇之功效 動脈硬化、高膽固醇飲食(第2組)在TC造成非常大量 .的增加,全部於LDL-C增加以致HDL/TC X 1 00比例從基線 '値 63 減少至 14(Pt < O.OOip 處以甘蔗原素類(第3組:0.6 mg/kg/d甘蔗原素類)使 TC的增加降低5 mm〇l/l,但此無統計上意義。然而LDL-C 減少 9 mmol/1有統計上意義(Pt < 〇.〇5)。並也改進 ® HDL/TCxlOO比例,在第2組觀察到從値14增加到21。然 而此差異未達到統計上意義程度。 處以紅酵母菌(第4組:0.1 8 me/kg/d莫那可林等僭物) 使TC的增加降低8 mmol/1,但此無統計上意義。然而LDL-C 減少13 mmol/1有統計上意義(pt < 0.05)且大於處以甘蔗原 素類所觀察到者。也改進HDL/TCx 100比例,在第2組觀察 到從値1 4增加到25。然而此差異未達到統計上意義程度。 處以甘蔗原素類與紅酵母菌夕細合(第5細)使TC的增 -20 - 1359667 加顯著降低21 mm〇l/l(Pt < 0.001)。LDL膽固醇降低28 mmol/1,大於處以甘蔗原素類以及處以紅酵母菌者之總和, 證明分別攝取成分之可能功效。並也相當改進HDL/TCx 100 比例,在第2組觀察到從値14以具統計意義(Pt < 0.001)增 加到3 4。 含蝦青素之組合物(第6細:含0.03 mg/kg/d蝦青素並 添加甘蔗原素類及紅酵母茼)其至更有功效。此處理使TC的 增加顯著降低 21 mmol/dl(Pt < 0.001)。LDL-C 減少 30 • mmol/1,稍微大於第5組所觀察到者,再次顯示甘蔗原素類 及紅酵母菌之可能功效。 該組別之此減少也非常顯著(Pt < 0.001)。特別在 HDL/TCx 100比例的改進,從第2組觀察到之値1以具統計 意義(Pt < 0.001)提高到39。 對三酸甘油脂之功效 相對於對照組,致動脈硬化飮食造成三酸甘油脂1.58 mmol/1 (136%)的增力□。此爲相當大的增力卩,·但因此參數在血 中之高變化性而變無統計意義。甘蔗原素類及其他投與之物 質並未顯著減少致動脈硬化飲食所增加之三酸甘油脂的產 生。 血液丙二醛(MDA)之功效 相對於對照組,致動脈硬化飲食遵致血液MDA增加 2.01 mmol/1 (87%)。此增加是顯著的(P < 0.001),顯示致動 脈硬化飮食對血脂質具有氧化影響》 甘蔗原素類使MD A的增加降低0.3 5 mmol/l( 1 1 %) »但 -21 - 1359667 此減少無統計上意義。 r 紅酵母菌使由致動脈硬化飲食所誘發之MDA的增加降 ' 低0.7 1 mmol/l(23%),此減少具有統計意義(p < o.oi)。 甘蔗原素類與紅酵母菌之組合使由致動脈硬化飲食所 誘發之MDA的增加降低0.95 mmol/l(31%)。此減少具有統 計意義(P < 0.001)且相當於甘蔗原素類及紅酵母菌所產生 之抗氧化劑功效的總和。 添加蝦青素至前述組合物使由致動脈硬化飲食所誘發 • 之MDA的增加降低1 .51 mmol/l(49%)。此減少非常具有統 計意義(P< 〇.〇〇1),代表甘蔗原素類及紅酵母菌之氧化劑功 效可能性。 主動脈中親蘇丹性浸潤之效果 '含膽固醇之致動脈硬化飲食浩成親蘇丹性浸潤,影響 74±8百分比(平均値±SE)之主動脈壁。相較之下,尤其是對 照組並無浸潤情形。 甘蔗原素類使致動脈硬化飲食之親蘇丹性浸潤降低 0 1 1 %,而此減少沒有統計意義。 紅酵母菌使致動脈硬化飲食之親蘇丹性浸潤降低· 2 0%,但同樣地此減少沒有統計意義。 甘蔗原素類和紅酵母菌之組合使致動脈硬化飲食之親 蘇丹性浸潤降低3 3 %,顯示兩活性成分之功效總和。此功效 在此例中具有統計意義(P < 〇.〇5)。 添加蝦青素到甘蔗原素類-紅酵母菌組合物誘發更顯著 的抗動脈硬化功效可能性(p < 0.0 01),顯示從致動脈硬化飮 ⑧ -22 - 1359667 食減少92%的親蘇丹性浸潤。 這些結果誠示甘蔗原素類及紅酵母菌之良好血脂肪作 用,降低致動脈硬化飮食之親蘇丹性浸潤,且其效果可經由 蝦青素之強力抗氧化劑特性大大地被強化。 討論 對總瞻固醇rrcn,LDL瞻因醇(LDL-C)及 HDL膽固醇 (HDL-C)之處理效里 本硏究使用之動脈硬化模式中,基於投與富含膽固醇飼 ♦ 料3個月,血液TC從1.5升高至69.8 mmol/1’ LDL-C從0.6 升高至60mmol/l以及HDL-C從1.0升高至9.8mmol/l。但 後者所增加遠少於TC的增加,故以HDL/TC X 100比例代表 抗動脈硬化保護之指標從67落至1 4。 ^ 經由致動脈硬化飲食所增加之TC,可經由每日0.6 mg/kg劑量之甘蔗原素降低7%,以及含有每日劑量0.18 m g/k g莫那可林之紅酵母菌降低11 %。經由致動脈硬化飮食 增加之TC,可由甘蔗原素類-紅酵母菌組合物降低30%,顯 示分別攝取之兩活性成分產生另人驚訝的降膽固醇可能效 果。 此可能性可被事後解釋,若我們考慮作用的各別機 制:事實上,甘蔗原素類會妨礙3-羥基-3-甲基戊二醯輔酶 A 還原酶(HMG-CoA-r)的表現及降解[Menendez 等人 2〇〇1(3)] ’而莫那可林對HMG-CoA-r展現拮抗作用[Herber 等人 1 99 9(2G”。 已很清楚此二機制彼此獨立,且各有潛能(已熟知之 ⑧ -23 - 1359667 , HMG-C〇A-r爲合成膽固醇的前身:甲羥戊酸之必要酵素)。 類似考量應用於LDL-C,亦可如TC經由甘蔗原素類、經由 ' 紅酵母菌以及經由甘蔗原素類-紅酵母菌組合物降低之》 相對於致動脈硬化飲食後觀察到的値,透過甘蔗原素類 及紅酵母菌作用分別於HDL-C無統計意義地增加41%及 5 6%,及分別增加52%及76%代表抗動脈硬化保護之指標: HDL/TC X 1 00 比例。 甘蔗原素類與紅酵母菌之組合物於HDL-C產生70%增 • 加,以及於HDL/TC X 100比例產生144%增加;如此則相對 於個別活性成分,在抗動脈硬化保護上顯示顯著的改善。添 加每日劑量〇.〇3 mg/kg蝦青素於上述該組合物,可造成 HDL-C顯著增力口 9 1 %以及HDL/TC X 100比例增力卩174% » '如此紅酵母菌與甘蔗原素類之組合物,在控制血膽固醇 關聯性之各種致動脈硬化參數上顯得非常有效,且添加蝦青 素在他們抗致動脈硬化效力上產生進一步的改善。 對三酸甘油脂之處理效果 ^ 以富含膽固醇飼料餵食兔子3個月,造成三酸甘油脂從 0.9增加到2.2 mmol/1。但因此參數之高變化性而使此增加 無統計意義。此模式似乎不適合用於三酸甘油脂之可能效果 的硏究。各種處理可使致動脈硬化飲食所致之三酸甘油脂的 增加降低。但因此實驗模式不適用而使此減少無統計意義。 對血液丙二醛(MDA)之處理效果 MD A爲血脂質過氧化作用之產物,因此爲LDLs經由自 由基過氧化作用、使LDLs致動脈硬化性之化學反應的重要 ⑧ -24 - 1359667 指示物[Prasad 等人 1 989(17)]» 以富含膽固醇飼料餵食兔子3個月,造成MD A從0.99 ' 增加到3.1 1 mmol/1,也確認有關此參數之該飲食的致動脈 硬化能力性。 致動脈硬化飼料作用下增加之M D A,可經由甘蔗原素 類降低1 1 %,以及經由紅酵母菌降低2 3 %。此二活性成分的 組合物使MDA降低3 1 %,如此顯示功效的總和。致動脈硬 化飼料所增加之MDA,可經由添加蝦青素至上述該組合物 ® 而降低49%,如此顯示卓越能力於預防血脂質過氧化作用以 及富含膽固醇飮食之致動脈硬化可能性。 對主動脈內膜中親蘇丹件脂質浸濶(SLI)之處理效果 以富含膽固醇飼料餵食兔子3個月,造成SLI增加到 ' 74%主動脈面積受影響。 受富含膽固醇飼料作用增加之S LI,可分別經由甘蔗 原素類以及紅酵母菌降低12%及20%。此二活性成分的組合 $ 物使S LI有統計意義地(P < 〇. 〇 5 )減少3 3 %,顯示分別攝取 兩活性成分之效果的總和。添加蝦青素至組合物的效力十分 明確,造成受富含膽固醇飼料作用而增加之SLI減少92%。 SLI也許是與富含膽固醇飼料作用,以及與各種處理之 抗致動脈硬化效果具有最高關聯性之參數。重要的是指出甘 蔗原素類及紅酵母菌的抗致動脈硬化效果,以及組合投與時 前效果之總和。但添加蝦青素之可能效果尤其重要,係因所 得組合物幾乎可完全預防由評價用實驗模式於兔子所誘發 之致動脈硬化性。
-25 - 1359667 結論 此硏究採用之動脈硬化實驗模式,包括以富含7 g/kg ' 膽固醇之飼料餵食6-8週齡兔子3個月。此飼料造成顯著且 有意義的總血膽固醇(TC)、LDL膽固醇(LDL-C)以及較少範 圍的HDL膽固醇(HDL-C)增加。此導致以HDL/TC X 100比 例表示之抗致動脈硬化保護作用的減少,. 甘蔗原素類及紅酵母菌使TC及LDL-C的增加降低,並 改進HDL/TC X 100比例。此二活性成分的組合物使這些功 • 效成爲可能,提供該組合效力之實驗性確認。 致動脈硬化飮食也增加血液丙二醛(MDA),MDA產生 自血液脂質的氧化作用,因此爲使LDLs致動脈硬化性之化 學反應的重要指示物。甘蔗原素類及紅酵母菌使MDA的增 '加降低,及其組合物導致這些效果的總和。 添加蝦青素到前述該組合物,可進一步造成MDA的顯 著減少,展現以甘蔗原素類、紅酵母菌及嘏青素爲基礎之組 合物於抑制血脂質過氧化作用及其致動脈硬化能力爲目的 之效力。 致動脈硬化歆食造成主動脈內膜中親蘇丹性脂質浸潤 (S LI)之能力需特別注意,因爲從各種觀點言之,此現象爲 典型的人類動脈硬化斑形成。甘蔗原素類及紅酵母菌減少 SLI,其組合可產生此功效的總和,且添加蝦青素到前述該 組合物,可造成SLI顯著減少,而使主動脈恢復到實際的正 常情況。 因此可作如下結論:以甘蔗原素類、紅酵母菌及蝦青素 ⑧ -26- 1359667 爲代表之天然活性成分之組合,由於各別降膽固醇作用及抑 制血脂質過氧化作用之總合及能力,因此發揮非常明確的抗 ' 致動脈硬化功效於所運用之動脈硬化實驗模式。 毫無疑問地,這些結果亦可應用於人類動脈硬化之情 形,係因重現發病開始機制之實驗模式以及與體重有關聯之 各種活性成分的劑量,可經調整爲適用於人類利用時之劑 量;故請記得在動物中實驗性誘導之發病通常比人類自然發 病者更爲嚴重。 ‘ 籲實施例 以下所述調配物舉例說明本發明之應用可行性,且此例 不應在任何方面被視爲本發明之限制。 將注意力特別引到所考量之各種形式賦形劑,視調配技 '術之要求,該賦形劑可用於作爲本發明已明確提及之選擇 物,此外其能選自經熟習醫藥技藝者所熟知廣泛可得商品產 物,因此不要求進步性。 實施例1 : 口服用之錠劑 下面所示調配物係關於活性成分及賦形劑(含對應之技 術功能說明),其可用於製備根據本發明之口服用錠劑。 活性成分之每日劑量是倂入單一錠劑,其製備只需熟習 該項技藝者所熟知的一般操作,亦即: •秤重調配物之各個成分 •在適當混合器中製備壓縮混合物以乾燥均質化 •在適當自動壓榨機中壓縮所得混合物,最終得到適當形狀 及大小的的錠劑。
-27- 1359667 活性成分 量/旋劑 紅酵母菌η 200 mg (對應於莫那可林幻 (3 mg) 微綠藻之萃取物ο*) ·· 20 mg ,對應於蝦青素J (0.5 mg) 甘蔗原素類 10 mg 輔酶Q10 2 mg 葉酸 0.2 mg (*)經含有1.5%莫那可林K之紅麴菌(Monoscwi 酸酵的米 1(")含有2.5%蝦青素 賦形劑 量/旋劑 功能 鄰酸二鈣 305.8 mg 滑動劑/稀釋劑 微晶纖維素 242.0 mg 稀釋劑/崩散劑 硬脂酸鎂 8.0 mg 潤滑劑 脂肪酸之單-及二甘油酯 8.0 mg 塑化劑 二氧化砂 4.0 mg 吸附劑/抗附著劑 實施例2: 口服用之膠囊 下面所示調配物係關於活性成分及賦形劑(含對應之技 術功能說明),其可用於製備根據本發明之口服用膠囊。 活性成分之每日劑量是併入單一膠囊,其製備只需熟習 該項技藝者所熟知的一般操作,亦即: •秤重調配物之各個成分 •在適當混合器中製備塡入膠囊之混合物以乾燥均質化 •最終在自動膠囊塡入機中,塡入到適當大小及所欲顏色的 硬明膠膠囊中。 -28 - 1359667 活性成分 量/旋劑 紅酵母菌η • 2 0 0 mg (對應於莫那可林幻 ; mg) 微綠藻之萃取物(〃) ; 2 0 mg (//flewfliococcwpwrpwrewi,對應於蝦青素J ; (0-5 mg) 甘蔗原素類 : 10 mg 輔酶Q10 : 2 mg 葉酸 : 0.2 mg • (*)經含有1.5%莫那可林K之紅麴菌醱酵的米 (μ)含有2.5%蝦青素 賦形劑 量/錠劑 功能 澱粉 6 0.0 mg 稀釋劑/崩散劑 乳糖 2 9.0 mg 稀釋劑 硬脂酸鎂 5.0 mg 潤滑劑 滑石 2.6 mg 滑動劑 φ 實施例3:隨時性懸浮液用之含粉末熱密封小袋 下面所示調配物係關於活性成分及賦形劑(含對應之技 術功能說明),可用於粉末調配物,用以製備口服路徑攝取 之隨時性懸浮液。每日劑量是倂入包含於熱密封小袋之粉末 的單一部分,並含有紙外層、鋁界面及聚乙烯內層。 所討論醫藥形式之製備操作,可爲工業上本學科任何技 術人員所熟知及應用,必要者如下: •秤重調配物之各個成分 •在適當混合器中製備壓縮混合物以乾燥均質化
-29- 1359667 •在適當自動線上熱形成小袋 •在上述同一自動線上塡充及密封小袋,最終得到具有所欲 形狀及大小的小袋,並含有隨時使用之粉末單劑。 活性成分 錠劑 紅酵母菌η : 2 0 0 mg (對應於莫那可林幻 ; P mg) 微綠藻之萃取物(μ) ; 2 0 mg (f/aematococcus purpureas,對應於锻青素) - (0.5 mg) 甘蔗原素類 10 mg 輔酶Q10 二 2 mg 葉酸 0.2 mg (*)經含有1.5%莫那可林K之紅麵菌(从酸酵的米 (**)含有2.5%蝦青素 賦形劑 量/錠劑 功能 山梨糖醇 8 1 5 . 〇 m g 稀釋劑/增甜劑 檸檬酸 10.0 mg 味覺強化 聚乙二醇4000 4.0 mg 潤滑劑/塑化劑 其他(” _ q-s.f. 增甜劑/香料 (* )可視喜好自由添加香料及增甜劑。 【圖式簡單說明】無 ⑧ -30- 1359667 參考文獻 [1] Menendez R, Fernandez SI, Del Rio A et al.: Policosanol inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis and enhances low density lipoprotein processing in cultured human fibroblasts. Biol Res 1994; 27:199-203 [2] Menendez Rs Amor MR, Gonzales RM et al.: Effects of Policosanol on the hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis of normocholesterolemic rats. Biol
Res 1996; 29:253-257
[3] Menendez Rs Amor AM, Rodeiro I et al.: Policosanol modulates HMG -CoA reductase activity in cultured fibroblasts. Arch Med Res 2001; 32:8-12 [4] Goumi-Berthold I, Goumi-Berthold H: Policosanol: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic significance of a new lipid - lowering agent. Am Heart J 2002; 143:356-365 [5] Menendez R,Fraga V,Amor AM et al.: Oral administration of Policosanol inhibits in vitro copper ion-induced rat lipoprotein peroxidation. Physiol Behav 1999; 67:1-7 [6] Menendez R, Mas R, Amor AM et al.: Effects of Policosanol treatment on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) isolated from healthy volunteers to oxidative modification in vitro. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000; 50:255-262 [7] Steinberg D: Low density lipoprotein oxidation and its pathobiological significance. J Biol Chem 1997; 272; 20963-20966 [8] Cureton K: The physiological effects of wheat germ oil in humans. 1972;
In Exercise, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL-USA: 296-300 ⑧ 1359667 [9] Endo A: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Klin Wochensr. 1988; 421-427 [10] Man RY,Lynn EG,Cheung F, Tsang PS.O.K.: Cholestin inhibits Cholesterol synthesis and secretion in hepatic cells (HepG2). Mol Cell
Biochem. 2002; 233:153-158 [11] Longo N. In Harrison's 15th Edition. Me Graw - Hill,New York 2001, ρ·2306
[12] Lockwood K,Moesgaard S,Hanioka T,Folkers K·: Apparent partial remission of breast cancer in 'high risk1 patients supplemented with nutritional antioxidants, essential fatty acids and coenzyme Q10. Molec
Aspects Med 1994; 15:S231-240 [13] Lockwood K,Moesgaard S, Yamamoto T,Folkers K·: Progress on therapy of breast cancer with vitamin Q10 and the regression of metastases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 212:172-177 [14] Willis RA,Folkers K5 Tucker JL et al.: Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q10 levels in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1990; 87:8928-8930 [15] Folkers K, Langsjoen P, Willis R et al.: Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q10 levels in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1990; 87:8931-8934 [16] Prasad K,Kalra J.: Oxygen free radicals and hypocholesterolemic atherosclerosis: Effect of Vitamin E. Am.Heart J 1993; 125:958-973 [17] Prasad K,Kalra J.: Experimental atherosclerosis and oxygen free radicals. Angiology 1989; 40:835-843 [18] Prasad K,Kalra J,Chandkhary AK, Debuath D: Effect of polymorphonuclear leukocyte derived oxygen free radicals and
-32- 1359667 hypochlorous acid on cardiac function and some biochemical parameters. Am.Heart J 1990; 119:538-550 [19] Holman RS, Me Gill HC jr., Strong JP, Greer JC: Technics for studying atherosclerotic lesions. Lab Invest 1958; 7:42-47 [20] Herber D, Yip I, Ashley JM, Elashoff DA, GoVLW.: Cholesterollowering effects of a proprietary Chinese red-yeast-rice dietary supplement. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69:231-236
[21] Iwamoto T, Hosoda K, Hirano R, Kurata H, Matsumoto A, Miki W, Kamiyama M, Itakura H, Yamamoto S, Kondo K: Inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation by Astaxanthin. J Atheroscler Thromb 2000; 7:216-222 [22] Benitez M, Romero C, Mas R et al.: A comparative study of policosanol versus pravastatin in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1997; 58:859-867.
-33 -
Claims (1)
- I3S9667 第 94134749 號g7~T0~0e2 ^ fl π 具有在心血管系統上的健康促進功效之口 服投與調配物」專利案 (2008年10月修正) 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種在心血管系統上具有健康促進功效之口服投與用之 組合物’其含有作爲活性成分之甘鹿原素(P〇lic〇san()l)或 甘蔗原素類之混合物,紅酵母菌以及選自蝦青素及葉酸之 劑。2.如申請專利範圍第1項之組合物,其更含有輔酶q10。 3 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之組合物,其含有作爲蝦青素來源 之微綠藻(包括綠藻pwrjowrew·?))萃取物。 4.如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之組合物,適用於投 與之劑量單位形式之甘蔗原素類的每日劑量爲5至40 mg» 5 ·如申請專利範圍第4項之組合物,其中投與之甘蔗原素類 的每曰劑量爲10至20 mg。6. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之組合物,適用於投 與之劑量單位形式之紅酵母菌的每日劑量相當於1至6 mg 莫那可林(monacolin)。 7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之組合物,其中投與之紅酵母菌的 每曰劑量不大於3 mg莫那可林等價物。 8 ·如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之組合物,適用於投 與之劑量單位形式之蝦青素的每日劑量爲0.1至5 mg。 9.如申請專利範圍第8項之組合物,其中投與之蝦青素的每 曰劑量爲0.4至2 mg。 1 〇 Λ •如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之組合物,適用於投 與之劑量單位形式之葉酸的每日劑量爲〇.〗至〇.6mg。 1 \ Λ _ •如申請專利範圍第10項之組合物,其中投與之葉酸的每日 劑量爲0.15至0.4 mg。 1 2 ·如申請專利範圍第2項之組合物,其中該劑量單位形式含 有輔酶Q10,以及適用於投與之輔酶Ql〇每曰劑量爲1至 2 〇 m g。13.如申請專利範圍第12項之組合物,其中投與之輔酶qi〇 每曰劑量爲2至4 mg。 1 4_如申請專利範圍第丨項之組合物,其係於錠劑、膠囊或隨 時性懸浮液用粉末之形式。 1 5 .—種如申請專利範圍第1至1 4項中任—項之組合物之用 途’其係用於製備具有良好血脂肪功效,同半胱胺酸血症 之矯正’抗氧化劑作用以及血管內皮之保護功效之醫藥或 補充食品。
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US20120171285A1 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2012-07-05 | Opheim Joar A | Substances for reducing occurrence of major cardiac events comprising omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or derivatives thereof and high-monacolin k content red yeast rice extract |
US20100119600A1 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2010-05-13 | Joar Opheim | Substances for reducing occurrence of major cardiac events comprising red yeast rice extract and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or derivative thereof |
FR2950061B1 (fr) | 2009-09-11 | 2013-12-20 | Coatex Sas | Monomeres associatifs a base de polycosanols, epaississants associatifs correspondants et leurs utilisations |
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